笔译

Assignment #2
Please translate the following passage into Chinese, applying amplification in your translating when necessary.
The Industrial Revolution is a long train of changes starting about 1760. It is not alone: it forms one of a triad of revolutions, of which the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775, and the French Revolution that started in 1789. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. The Industrial Revolution is simply the English way of making those social changes. I think of it as the English Revolution.
What makes it especially English? Obviously, it began in England. England was already the leading manufacturing nation. But the manufacture was cottage industry, and the Industrial Revolution begins in the villages. The men who make it are craftsmen: the millwright, the watchmaker, the canal builder, the blacksmith. What makes the industrial Revolution so peculiarly English is that it is rooted in the countryside.
During the first half of the eighteenth century, in the old age of Newton and the decline of the Royal Society, England basked in a last Indian summer of village industry and the overseas trade of merchant adventurers. The summer faded. Trade grew more competitive. By the end of the century the needs of industry were harsher and more pressing. The organisation of work in the cottage was no longer productive enough. Within two generations, roughly between 1760 and 1820, the customary way of running industry changed. Before 1760, it was standard to take work to villagers in their own homes. By 1820, it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen.
Portfolio#2
工业革命是指大约开始于1760年的一长串变革。

它并不是唯一一个。

它是三大革命的一部分，另外两个分别是开始于1775年的美国革命和开始于1789年的法国大革命。

把一个工业革命和两个社会革命归为一类似乎很奇怪。

但事实上它们都属于社会革命。

只不过工业革命是以英国方式来产生那些社会变革。

我把它看做是英国革命。

是什么使它特别英国化呢？很明显，工业革命开始于英国。

英国在当时已经是领先的制造业国家。

英国的制造业是家庭手工业，因此工业革命开始于乡村。

发动工业革命的人是各种工匠，如磨坊匠、钟表匠、运河开凿匠和铁匠。

工业革命植根于乡村，这使得它尤其英国化。

在18世纪上半叶，正值牛顿晚年和英国皇家学会衰落，英国经历了由乡村工业和冒险商人的海外贸易带来的最后的繁荣。

繁荣退去后，贸易变得更有竞争力。

到18世纪末，工业的需求更加严峻和紧迫。

但是家庭作坊的生产组织形式不足以满足需求。

在两代的时间内，大概在1760年到1820年之间，传统的工业运作方式改变了。

在1760年前，通常是把工作承包给村民在家做。

到了1820年，更常见的却是把工人带到工厂，让他们在监督之下工作。