山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017_2018学年高一物理下学期3月月考试题2-含答案 师生通用
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学
青西新区胶南一中2017级“冬学”英语学科竞赛测试题一、完形填空(每小题1.5分)1When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship. Having been a Straight-A student, I believed I could __1__ tough subjects and really learn something. One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he 2 in class.When I took the first exam, I was 3 to find a 77, C-plus, on my test paper, 4 English was my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained_5 .I decided to try harder, although I didn’t know what that 6 because school had always been easy for me. I read the books more carefully, but got another 77. Again, I 7 with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patien tly but wouldn’t change his 8 .One more test before the final exam. One more 9 to improve my grade. So I redoubled my efforts and, for the first time. 10 the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my11__ did no good and everything 12 as before.The last hurdle(障碍) was the final. No matter what 13 I got, it wouldn’t cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the 14 goodbye.I stopped working head. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even 15 myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once I’d have 16__with a test.A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A. I hurried into professor Jayne’s office. He 17__ to be expecting me. “If I gave you the As you18 , you wouldn’t c ontinue to work as hard.”I stared at him. 19 that his analysis and strategy(策略) were correct. I had worked my head 20 , as I had never done before.I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I r eceived my scholarship. I’ve always remembered Professor Jayne’s lesson: you alone must set your own standard of excellence.1. A. take B. discuss C. cover D. get2. A. sought B. presented C. exchanged D. obtained3. A. shocked B. worried C. scared D. anxious4. A. but B. so C. for D. or5. A. unchanged B. unpleasant C. unfriendly D. unmoved6.. A. reflected B. meant C. improved D. affected7. A. quarreled B. reasoned C. bargained D. chatted8. A. attitude B. mind C. plan D. view9. A. choice B. step C. chance D. measure10. A. memorized B. considered C. accepted D. learned11. A. ambition B. confidence C. effort D. method12. A. stayed B. went C. worked D. changed13. A. grade B. answer C. lesson D. comment14. A. scholarship B. course C. degree D. subject15. A. helped B. favored C. treated D. relaxed16. A. fun B. luck C. problems D. tricks.17. A. happened B. proved C. pretended D. seemed18. A. valued B. imagined C. expected D. welcomed19. A. remembering B. guessing C. supposing D. realizing20. A. out B. over C. on D. off2I will always love my mother. During the last four years of her Mom fought a brave but 21 battle against cancer. During that time she lost her health, her hair, and 20 pounds. She was in and out of the hospital more times than I could count. In the end as her life’s 22 faded away we all 23 at her bedside and said goodbye. She was only 55 years old.For a long while after he death I was depressed and 24 at God. My own health 25 and I caught double pneumonia. 26 my body healed and my heart as well. It was the love of my children that 27 pulled me out of my despair and helped me to begin to live again. 28 , I continued to ask God why my Mom had to die so young.Only years later I began to 29 clearly what Mom had done in those last four years of her life. 30 cancer was beating her body, it certainly wasn’t beating her soul. Mom li ved as she had 31 lived before. Even with cancer she worked outside our home and 32 the lives of her co-workers with her gentle, humor and kind spirit. She reconnected with old friends she hadn’t seen in years and made 33 memories with each one of them. She and my Dad 34 closer than I had ever seen them before. There was a 35 and a tenderness between them that moved us all. During her time with us she 36 our souls with her love and she helped us to grow37 enough to go on without her.In her last four years Mom 38 her mission here. She showed us how to love God. She showed us how to meet death. She showed us that fear always flees in the face of 39 . She showed us that to live life is to love life, no matter how much pain you have and no matter how much time you have 40 . thanks Mom! I will always love you.21. A. winning B. shameful C. respectful D. losing22. A. energy B. talent C. power D. ability23. A. looked B. gathered C. lay D. reached24. A. scared B. sad C. angry D. amazed25. A. ran out B. turned down C. help up D. broke down26. A. In time B. In advance C. In between D. In turn27. A. immediately B. repeatedly C. frequently D. eventually28. A. Thus B. Just C. Still D. Even29. A. expect B. see C. notice D. acquire30. A. While B. Since C. Once D. As31. A. always B. almost C. never D. ever32. A. lived B. devoted C. supported D. touched33. A. similar B. vague C. special D. clear34. A. stayed B. grew C. sat D. approached35. A. love B. patience C. honesty D. wisdom36. A. brightened B. carried C. widened D. polished37. A. smart B. considerate C. strong D. faithful38. A. called off B. completed C. made D. put off39. A. drawback B. encouragement C. pain D. optimism40. A. spent B. spared C. left D. remained二、阅读理解(每题 2 分)ATwenty years ago, I drove a taxi for a living. One night I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 AM. When I arrived to collect, I found the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window.I walked to the door and knocked, “Just a minute,” answered a weak, elder ly voice.After a long pause, the door opened. A small woman in her eighties stood before me. By her side was a small suitcase.I took the suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we walked slowly toward the car.She k ept thanking me for my kindness. “It’s nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”“Oh, you’re such a good man.” She said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked, “Could you drive through downtown?”“It’s not the shortest way,” I answered quickly.“Oh, I’m in no hurry,” she said. “I’m on my way to a hospice(临终医院). I don’t have any family left. The doctor says I don’t have very long.”I quietly reached over and shut off the meter(计价器).For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the building where she had once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived, and the furniture shop that had oncebeen a ballroom where she had gone dancing as a girl.Sometimes she’d ask me to slow down in front of a particular building and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing.At dawn, she suddenly said,” I’m tired. Let’s go now.”We drove in silence to the address she had given me.“How much do I owe you?” she asked.“Nothing.” I said.“You have to make a living,” she answered. “Oh, there are other passengers,” I answered.Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug. She held onto e tightly. Our hug ended with her remark, “You gave an old woman a little moment of joy.”41. The old woman chose to ride through the city in order to ______.A. show she was familiar with the cityB. see some places for the last timeC. let the driver earn more moneyD. reach the destination on time42. The taxi driver did not charge the old woman because he ______.A. wanted to do her a favorB. shut off the meter by mistakeC. had received her payment in advanceD. was in a hurry to take other passengers43. What can we learn from the story?A. Giving is always a pleasure.B. People should respect each other.C. An act of kindness can bring people great joy.D. People should learn to appreciate others’ concern.BDomestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren’t tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication.As people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals’ genes. So as the domesticated horses reproduced, t hey passed the characteristics on to their young. Each new generation of houses would show more of these chosen characteristics.Modern day horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This variety didn’t exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breeds—typically reaching only one meter tall. With short, strong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts (矿井) with low ceilings. Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. People bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.44. Before domestication horses were ______.A. caught for sportsB. hunted for foodC. made to pull ploughsD. used to carry people45. The author uses the Shetland horse as an example to show ______.A. it is smaller than the Clydesdale horseB. horse used to have gentle personalitiesC. some horses have better shaped than othersD. horses were of less variety before domestication46. Horses contributed to the spread of culture by ______.A. carrying heavy loadsB. changing farming methodsC. serving as a means of transportD. advancing agriculture in different areas47. The passage is mainly about _______.A. why humans domesticated horsesB. how humans and horses needed each otherC. why horses came in different shapes and sizesD. how human societies and horses influenced each otherCDear Hamilton,We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. I don’t know anyone in the office who is better liked than you.You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees’ personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral(葬礼)remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.It’s not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor), but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who don’t know them outsid e the office, who wouldn’t even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives.This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for), but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today’s office setting.Thank you for understanding.48. The underlined word “contributions” probably means ________.A. moneyB. suggestionsC. reportsD. understanding49. Hamilton is expected to _______.A. show more kindness.B. discontinue the present practiceC. quit being the organizer for gift givingD. know more about co-workers’ families50. This is basically a letter of ________.A. apologyB. sympathyC. appreciationD. dissatisfactionDWhen it comes to friends, I desire those who will share my happiness, who possess wings of their own and who will fly with me. I seek friends whose qualities illuminate(照亮)me and train me up for love. It is for these people that I reserve the glowing hours, too good not to share.When I was in the eighth grade, I had a friend. We were shy and “too serious” about our studies when it was becoming fashionable with our classmates to learn acceptable social behaviors. We said little at school, but she would come to my house and we would sit down with pencils and paper, and one of us would say:“Let’s start with a train whistle today.” We would sit quietly together and write separate poems or stories that grew out of a train whistle. Then we would read them aloud. At the end of that school year, we, too, were changing into social creatures and the stories and poems stopped.When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend, He was in despair(失望)and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other.For almost four years I have had remarkable friend whose imagination illuminates mine. We write long letters in which we often discover our strangest selves. Each of us appears, sometimes in a funny way, in the other’s dreams. She and I agree that, at certain times, we seem to be parts of the same mind. In my most interesting moments, I often think:“Yes, I must tell….”We have never met.It is such comforting companions I wish to keep. One bright hour with their kind is worth more to me than the lifetime services of a psychologist(心理学家),who will only fill up the healing(愈合的)silence necessary to those darkest moments in which I would rather be my own best friend.51. In the eighth grade, what the author did before developing proper social behavior was to ______.A. become serious about her studyB. go to her friend’s house regularlyC. learn from her classmates at schoolD. share poems and stories with her friend52. In Paragraph 3, “We gave London to each other” probably means ______.A. our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of usB. we were unwilling to tear ourselves away from LondonC. our unpleasant feeling about London disappearedD. we parted with each other in London53. According to Paragraph 2, the author and her friend _______.A. call each other regularlyB. have similar personalitiesC. enjoy writing to each otherD. dream of meeting each other54. In the darkest moments, the author would prefer to ______.A. seek professional helpB. be left aloneC. stay with her best friendD. break the silence55. What is the best title for the passage?A. Unforgettable ExperiencesB. Remarkable ImaginationC. Lifelong FriendshipD. Noble CompanionsAI built my BBS for the blog competition and disappeared for a long time. Now I just want to take it as my mood board, recording my life in another nation.It’s quite an expected and challenging chance for me to spend one year in the USA. I am a little bit dependent person and easy to miss hometown. Therefore, I need to learn how to be independent and control myself in a sense.The first challenge is cooking. I cannot cook before as we, most young people, are treated well at home and eat in canteens or restaurants, while we have to learn cooking for ourselves since it’s not easy to overcome for me to eat fast food here every day. After the master and two-year PhD studies, I have grasped the skills for doing experiments, so I can cook not that badly via those “talents”. I felt so proud with my masterpieces.The second challenge is going outside. I live in a quite small city without subway, taxi or even public bus (except school catbus). It’s quite inconvenient to live here without a car. However, I have no driving experience in China though I got the license six years ago. I don’t want to spend such a long time to practice it. My friends are very friendly and they drive me to the supermarket and go hiking with me, which makes me a little bit upset or embarrassed as a “bubble” between she and her boyfriend. On the other side, the lack of taking public transportation experience made me so confused when I first went to NYC for a conference. Fortunately, I met several nice guys and they showed me the correct ways. I am looking forward to walking or transporting around on weekends.The third challenge is overcoming loneliness. It’s hard to say why I may feel lonely even though I have Chinese roommates. I still cherish the dream last night that I went back to China even though for experiment purpose...I will work harder to realize my goal and return without any pity.56. Why does the writer use her BBS again?A. To take another competition.B. To disappear for some time.C. To take it as a way to study.D. To keep a record of her foreign life on it.57. How did the writer learn cooking?A. She learned cooking by herself.B. She learned cooking from a cook in a restaurant.C. She learned cooking from books at university.D. She learned cooking from her mother at home.58. What can we learn from paragraph 2?A. The writer bought a car and practiced driving it.B. Going outside on weekends is a terrible thing for the writer.C. The writer’s friends helped her a lot when she went outside.D. The transport is quite convenient where the writer lives.59. What kind of person is the writer?A. Positive.B. Self-centered.C. IndependentD. Weak-mindedBA bullying(欺凌)incident at a primary school in County Armagh, Northern Ireland should not be brushed off as “a joke that went too far”; rather, facts should be dug out and action should be taken to prevent similar events from happening on campus again, according to experts.Dr. Lewis-Snyder, a psychologist specializing in children’s growth issues, said schools should be careful about taking bullying incidents as mere tricks.“Instead, they should work to find out the root cause of the incident in a timely manner, guide the children involved to face and handle the incident in a correct way and teach them to behave properly to avoid-similar situations,” she said.She made the comments after a mother in Armagh posted a description on Face-book on Thursday of how her 11-year-old son was bullied at school, a top school in that area.The mother wrote that her fifth-grade son was the target of bullies who threw a toilet wastepaper basket at him, striking him in the head. The boy was also fooled by his classmates, she said, bringing on acute stress disorder, a mental illness caused by severe anxiety.The mother also wrote that the school described the incident as “a joke that went too far” and that the parents of the boy who threw the basket believed their son was “just being naughty”.The article went viral, with many internet users recalling being bullied at school.Dr. Lewis-Snyder said that schools and parents must pay more attention to the ethical(道德的)development and mental health of children, rather than just looking at their academic performance.The Department for Education, together with a group of other departments, released a series of guidelines last month offering advice on how to deal with the problem.On Saturday, the school involved released a statement on its social media account saying that it had talked to the parents on both sides and would make further efforts to achieve an outcome satisfactory to all parties.60. What can we know from the mother’s description?A. The schools didn’t take the bullying incident seriously.B. The bullying incident caused little harm to her 11-year-old son.C. The parents of the bully felt quite guilty for their son’s behav ior.D. Many other students were also bullied in that school.61. What does Dr. Lewis-Snyder suggest about the bullying incidents?A. Schools should find out the fact and punish the bully seriously.B. Schools should take the responsibility to educate the students to perform properly.C. The government should take action to stop such events happening on campus.D. Parents needn’t care about their children’s academic performance.62. What’s the social reaction to the bullying incident?A. People were indifferent to it.B. It aroused anger on the Internet.C. It caused panic among parents.D. It brought about widespread attention.63. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Most internet users had the experience of being bullied at school.B. The school involved tried to keep the truth from the public .C. The school has taken measures to deal with the incident.D. All the school bullying incidents are caused by classmates conflicts.DA group of Chinese technicians, can be seen working hard among the watermelon fields in the blinding sunlight of Laos(老挝)every January. Two months later, these watermelons will be sent to Xi’an, the starting point of the Silk Road.Every autumn, these so-called “migratory birds(候鸟)” - technicians from Kouzhai village in southwestern China’s Guizhou province - fly to Laos to plant watermelons and return to China next spring to start their own farm work.Yang Canxi, former Kouzhai village Party chief who is also an agricultural technician, said the village was lifted out of poverty through its strength in agricultural technology.He said Kouzhai village was the first to promote small-sized watermelons in the country, and it introduced a new technology to grow watermelons from the newly generated vines after harvesting the old ones, thus doubling the sale to 13,000 yuan, ($2,190) per unit area.In 1997, an official from Laos came to Yang for agricultural training. Twenty professionals were sent to provide watermelon planting skills services there, he said.“At that time, much of the land in Laos was dry and bare except for that used to grow rice. The locals saw technicians plant watermelon and even gave them the nickname of Chinesewatermelon princes”, he said.Each technician earned roughly 10,000 yuan in the first year, which was increased to 20,000 yuan a year later.“Villagers flew into my office, asking to go abroad too,” he said.The business was soon expanded to Laos where Yang Guangyue, 30, and some friends decided to begin their own business in 2013.The local credit cooperative lent them 800,000 yuan to establish a 13-hectare watermelon base in Laos, which was expected to gain roughly two million yuan a year.“Laotians were also hired to work in the watermelon fields and they learned planting skills from us,” he said.Yang Canxi said now half of the income of Kouzhai village comes from this way of working.64. Why do the technicians fly to Laos every year?A. Because they want to enjoy the warm sunlight of Laos.B. Because they need transport watermelons from Laos to Xi’an.C. Because they go to Laos to plant watermelons.D. Because their own land was dry and bare.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Both Laos and Kouzhai village benefit from planting watermelons.B. The income of the technicians doubled the next year in Laos.C. The technicians are called watermelon princes because they are handsome.D. It’s hard to expand the business in Laos.66. What’s the best title of the passage?A. “Birds” fly out to work in Laos.B. Changes of Kouzhai village.C. Friendship between Kouzhai village and Laos.D. Watermelon planting in Kouzhai village.AThe earthquake affected the students of the destroyed areas in many ways: losing parents, being scared and feeling lonely. How can we help them? Teens reporter talked with Lin Dan, the program director of the Sunshine in Your Heart Project at the Red Cross Society of China.How will the earthquake affect the teenagers mentally?They'll have feelings of fear, anger and feel they are not safe. They will find it hard to focus. They will tend to cry and shout and tremble. And they might be afraid to be alone.What will happen if they are not helped?The teenagers will find it hard to live in a balanced way. If things get worse, they might not be able to focus on their studies. They might give up on life.How can we help them overcome these problems?The first thing is to build up trust with them. Show your sympathy and sadness, and be their friends. Then you have to give them a sense of safety. Tell them that there's a solution to every problem. Thirdly, try to satisfy their psychological needs. Be a good listener if he or she needs to talk.Some of them were not directly affected by the quake but have seen images on TV and feel scared. What should they do?Talk with an adult or share their feelings with someone who might feel similar. If this doesn't help, then they should see a doctor for professional help.A. The Scare Caused by the EarthquakeB. Dealing with the Pain Left behind after the EarthquakeC. How to Get a Sense of SafetyD. The Psychological Needs68. The underlined word “psychological” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to “________”.A. mentalB. physicalC. materialD. professional69. From the passage, we can infer that ________.A. the scare caused by the earthquake can be relieved quicklyB. seeing a doctor is the most important measure to deal with the problemsC. the images on TV can also affect people and even cause problemsD. to help them overcome these problems, we should always talk with themBSurviving Hurricane Sandy (飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan, 12, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned violent. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. V olunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me,”Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalie's choice was to help.She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids:Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie,who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person .Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway,but hope is in the air. The streets are clear,and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”70. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ________.A. some friends had lost their livesB. her neighborhood was destroyedC. her school had moved to BrooklynD. the elderly were free from suffering71. According to Paragraph 2,who inspired Natalie most?A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild.B. The people trapped in high-rise buildings.C. The volunteers donating money to survivors.D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.72. How did Natalie help the survivors?A. She gave her toys to other kids.B. She took care of younger children.C. She called on the White House to help.D. She built an information sharing platform.。
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高一12月“冬学”学科竞赛测试物理试题
青西新区胶南一中2017级“冬学”物理学科竞赛测试题1.一小球沿斜面匀加速滑下,依次经过A、B、C三点,已知AB=6 m,BC=10 m,小球经过AB和BC两段所用的时间均为2 s,则小球经过A、B、C三点时的速度大小分别是( ) A.2 m/s,3 m/s,4 m/s B.2 m/s,4 m/s,6 m/sC.3 m/s,4 m/s,5 m/s D.3 m/s,5 m/s,7 m/s2.汽车由静止开始从A点沿直线ABC做直线运动,第4 s末通过B点时关闭发动机,再经6 s到达C点时停止。
已知AC的长度为30 m,则下列说法正确的是( ) A.通过B点时速度是3 m/sB.通过B点时速度是6 m/sC.AB的长度为12 mD.汽车在AB段和BC段的平均速度相同3.如图所示,质量为m的物体A以一定的初速度v沿粗糙斜面上滑,物体A在上滑过程中受到的力有( )A.向上的冲力、重力、斜面的支持力、沿斜面向下的摩擦力B.重力、斜面的支持力、沿斜面向下的摩擦力C.重力、对斜面的正压力、沿斜面向下的摩擦力D.重力、斜面的支持力、下滑力4.小球做自由落体运动,与地面发生碰撞,反弹后速度大小与落地速度大小相等。
若从释放小球时开始计时,且不计小球与地面发生碰撞的时间,则小球运动的速度图线可能是图中的( )5.在半球形光滑碗内斜搁一根筷子,如图所示,筷子与碗的接触点分别为A、B,则碗对筷子A、B两点处的作用力方向分别为( )A.均竖直向上B.均指向球心OC.A点处指向球心O,B点处竖直向上D .A 点处指向球心O ,B 点处垂直于筷子斜向上6.如图所示,质量m =10 kg 的物体在水平面上向左运动,物体与水平面间的动摩擦因数为0.2,与此同时物体受到一个水平向右的推力F =20 N 的作用,则物体产生的加速度是(g 取10 m/s 2)( )A .0B .4 m/s 2,水平向右 C .2 m/s 2,水平向左 D .2 m/s 2,水平向右 7.一步行者以6.0 m/s 的速度跑去追赶被红灯阻停的公共汽车,在跑到距汽车25 m 处时,绿灯亮了,汽车以1.0 m/s 2的加速度匀加速启动前进,则( )A .人能追上公共汽车,追赶过程中人跑了36 mB .人不能追上公共汽车,人、车最近距离为7 mC .人能追上公共汽车,追上车前人共跑了43 mD .人不能追上公共汽车,且车开动后,人车距离越来越远8.如图所示,重力为G 的小球用轻绳悬于O 点,用力F 拉住小球,使轻绳保持偏离竖直方向60°角且不变,当F 与竖直方向的夹角为θ时F 最小,则θ、F 的值分别为( )A .0°,GB .30°,32GC .60°,GD .90°,12G 9.如图所示,物体A 在竖直向上的拉力F 的作用下能静止在斜面上,关于A 受力的个数,下列说法中正确的是( )A .A 一定受两个力作用B .A 一定受四个力作用C .A 可能受三个力作用D .A 受两个力或者四个力作用10.如图所示,小木块与小球通过轻杆连接,在小木块匀速滑上斜面和匀速滑下斜面过程中,杆对小球作用力( )A .上滑时大B .下滑时大C .一样大D .无法判断11.如图的四个图中,AB 、BC 均为轻质杆,各图中杆的A 、C端都通过铰链与墙连接,两杆都在B 处由铰链连接,且系统均处于静止状态。
2017-2018学年山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学高一下学期3月月考数学试题
2017-2018学年山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学高一下学期3月月考数学试题(测试时间:2018年3月28日上午)一、选择题:1.已知点()()0,1,3,2A B ,向量()4,3AC =--,则向量BC = ( )(). 7,4A -- (). 7,4B (). 1,4C - (). 1,4D2.一个单位有职工800人,其中具有高级职称的160人,具有中级职称的320人,具有初级职称的200人,其余人员120人,为了解职工收入情况,决定采用分层抽样的方法,从中抽取容量为40的样本,则从上述各层中依次抽取的人数分别是( ) A .12,24,15,9 B .9,12,12,7 C .8,15,12, 5 D .8,16,10,63.对某商店一个月内每天的顾客人数进行了统计,得到样本的茎叶图,则该样本的中位数、众数、极差分别是( )A .46,45,56B .46,45,53C .47,45,56D .45,47,534.已知向量()()1,,3,2a m b ==-,且()a b b +⊥,则m =( ). 8A - . 6B - . 6C . 8D5.若样本1231,1,1,,1n x x x x +++⋅⋅⋅+的平均数是10,方差为2,则对于样本1232,2,2,,2n x x x x +++⋅⋅⋅+,下列结论正确的是( )A .平均数是10,方差为2B .平均数是11,方差为3C .平均数是11,方差为2D .平均数是10,方差为3 6.下列向量中可以作为基底的是( )()(). 0,0,1,2A a b ==- ()(). 1,2,5,7B a b =-=()(). 3,5,6,10C a b ==()(). 2,3,4,6D a b =-=-7.已知四边形ABCD 的三个顶点(02)A ,,(12)B --,,(31)C ,,且2BC AD =,则顶点D 的坐标为( ) A .722⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,B .122⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭, C .(32), D .(13),8.为了了解某校高一学生的视力情况,随机地抽查了该校100名高一学生的视力情况,得到频率分布直方图如图,由于不慎将部分数据丢失,但知道后5组频数和为62,视力在4.6到4.8之间的学生数为a ,最大频率为0.32,则a 的值为( )A .64B .54C .48D .279.已知向量()2,2OA =,()4,1OB =,在x 轴上有一点P ,使AP BP 有最小值,则P 点坐标为( )(). 3,0A - (). 3,0B (). 2,0C (). 4,0D10.已知ABC ∆是边长为1的等边三角形,点E D ,分别是边BC AB ,的中点,连接DE 并延长到点F ,使得EF DE 2=,则AF BC 的值为( )5. 8A -1.8B 1. 4C11.8D11.在平行四边形ABCD 中,,E F 分别是,BC CD 的中点,DE 交AF 于H ,记AB a =,BC b =,则AH =( )24.55A a b - 24. 55B a b + 24. 55C a b -+ 24. 55D a b --12.在ABC ∆中,已知向量AB 与AC 满足0AB AC BC AB AC ⎛⎫⎪+= ⎪⎝⎭且12AB AC AB AC =,则ABC ∆是( )A .等边三角形B .直角三角形C .等腰非等边三角形D .三边均不相等的三角形二、填空题:13.已知()()2,3,4,3A B -,点P 在线段AB 上,且32A P PB =,则点P 的坐标为__________14. 已知向量(6,8)a =-且满足10-=⋅则b 在a 方向的投影为 15.已知某种商品的广告费支出x (单位:万元)与销售额y (单位:万元)之间有如下对应数据:根据上表可得回归方程ˆˆˆybx a =+,其中ˆ7b =,据此估计,当投入10万元广告费时,销售额为___________万元; 16.已知向量2,3a x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭与()2,3b x =-的夹角为钝角,则实数x 的取值范围___________ 三、解答题:17.已知平行四边形ABCD 三点坐标分别为1,0A (-),31B (,-),1,2C (),13AE AC =, 13BF BC =(1)求点,E F 及向量EF 的坐标(2)用向量法证明//EF AB .18.已知,,a b c 在同一个平面内,且()1,2a = (1)若25c =,且//c a ,求c ;(2)若5b =,且()()22a b a b +⊥-,求a 与b 的夹角及23a b + 19.下表提供了某厂节能降耗技术改进后生产甲产品过程中记录的产量x (吨)与相应的生产能耗y (吨标准煤)的几组对照数据:(1)(2)请根据上表提供的数据,用最小二乘法求出回归方程ˆˆˆybx a =+; (3)已知该厂技改前100吨甲产品的生产能耗为90吨标准煤.试根据(2)求出的线性回归方程,预测生产100吨甲产品的生产能耗比技改前降低多少吨标准煤?参考公式:()()()1122211ˆˆˆn ni i i i i i nn i ii i x x y y x y nx y b x x x nx ay bx ====⎧---⋅⎪⎪==⎪⎨--⎪⎪=-⎪⎩∑∑∑∑20. 如图,在ABC ∆中,若(2,0)A ,()3,4B -,点C 在边AB 上,且OC 平分BOA ∠. (1)求BOA ∠的余弦值; (2)求点C 的坐标.21.某班100名学生期中考试语文成绩的频率分布直方图如图所示,其中成绩分组区间是:[)50,60,[)60,70,[)70,80,[)80,90,[]90,100.(1)求图中a 的值;(2)根据频率分布直方图,估计这100名学生语文成绩的众数、中位数、平均分(结果保留一位小数);(3)若这100名学生语文成绩某些分数段的人数()x 与数学成绩相应分数段的人数()y 之比如下表所示,求数学成绩在[)50,90之外的人数.22.已知向量1a b ==,且()30ka b a kb k +=->,令()f k a b =⋅. ⑴求()f k a b =⋅(用k 表示);⑵当0k >时, ()221tx tx f k k--≥对任意的x R ∈恒成立,求实数t 的取值范围.青西新区胶南一中2017级下学期第一次月考数学试卷参考答案一、选择题:1-5ADADC 6-10 BABBB 11-12 BA 二、填空题: 13.163,55⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭14. 1- 15.85 16.()1,00,22⎛⎫-⋃ ⎪⎝⎭三、解答题: 17.解:(1)设(),E x y ,()1,0A - ()1,AE x y ∴=+………………………1分[KS5UKS5U]又()2,2AC =………………………2分13AE AC =1123123x y ⎧+=⨯⎪⎪∴⎨⎪=⨯⎪⎩………………………3分解得1323x y ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩12,33E ⎛⎫∴- ⎪⎝⎭ ………………………4分同理7,03F ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭………………………6分 82,33EF ⎛⎫∴=- ⎪⎝⎭………………………8分(2)()4,1AB =-,82,33EF ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭32AB EF ∴=………………11分//EF AB ∴………………12分18.解:(1)设(),c x y =,25c =2220x y ∴+=①………………1分又因为()//,1,2c a a =20x y ∴-=②………………2分 由①②得:24x y =⎧⎨=⎩或24x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩…………………4分()2,4c ∴=或()2,4c =--………………5分(2)()()22222320a b a b a a b b +⊥-∴+⋅-=………………6分225,12b a ==+=5253204θ⨯+-⨯=………………7分解得:cos 1θ=-………………8分[]0,θπ∈,a 与b 的夹角为π………………9分()222223234129a b a b a a b b +=+=+⋅+……………10分554512944=⨯-⨯=……………11分 52a b ∴+=………12分19. (1)散点图,如图所示:…………………3分(2)由题意,得413 2.5+43+54+6 4.5=66.5i ii x y==⨯⨯⨯⨯∑,………………4分34564.54x +++==,2.534 4.53.54y +++==,42222213+4+5+6=86ii x==∑………7分∴266.54 4.5 3.566.563ˆ0.7864 4.58681b-⨯⨯-===-⨯-………………8分∴ˆˆ 3.50.7 4.50.35ay bx =-=-⨯=………………9分(每个数算对得1分) 故线性回归方程为ˆ0.70.35yx =+………………10分 (3)现在生产100吨产品消耗的标准煤为0.71000.3570.35⨯+= (吨),……11分故耗能减少了9070.3519.65-= (吨)标准煤.………………12分 20.解:(1)由题意得:()()2,0,3,4OA OB ==-………………2分()23043cos 255OA OB AOB OA OB⨯-+⨯⋅∴∠===-⨯……………4分(2)设点(),C x y ,由OC 平分BOA ∠可得:cos cos AOC BOC ∠=∠ 即:OA OC OB OC OA OCOB OC⋅⋅=………………5分2034225x y x yy x +-+=∴=①………………7分 又点C 在AB 上,即,AC BC 共线,()()2,,3,4AC x y BC x y =-=+-………………8分4580x y ∴+-=②………………10分由①②得:48,77x y ==………………11分48,77C ⎛⎫∴ ⎪⎝⎭………………12分 21.(1)由频率分布直方图知()20.020.030.04101a +++⨯=,解得0.00a =.……………2分(2)由频率分布直方图知: 这100名学生语文成绩的众数6070652+==.……………3分 ()0.0050.04100.45,+⨯=所以中位数位于第三个小矩形内.……………4分0.50.450.05-=设边长为x ,则0.030.05 1.7x x ⋅=∴≈所以这100名学生语文成绩的中位数70 1.771.7=+=.……………6分 这100名学生语文成绩的平均分为550.00510650.0410750.0310850.0210950.0051073⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯=………8分(3)由频率分布直方图知语文成绩在[)50,60,[)60,70,[)70,80,[)80,90各分数段的人数依次为0.005101005⨯⨯=,0.041010040⨯⨯=;0.031010030⨯⨯=;0.021010020⨯⨯=.……………10分由题中给出的比例关系知数学成绩在上述各分数段的人数依次为1455; 4020; 3040; 2025234⨯=⨯=⨯=……………11分故数学成绩在[)50,90之外的人数为()100520402510-+++=(人). ……………12分 22.(1)1a b ==,且()30ka b a kb k +=->,222222236k a ka b b a ka b k b ∴+⋅+=-⋅+()214k f k a b k +∴=⋅=……………3分 (2)由 ()222211214tx tx k tx tx f k k k k--+--≥∴≥ 因为220485k k tx tx >∴≥--对任意的x R ∈恒成立,……………5分20k >24850tx tx --≤恒成立…………6分[KS5UKS5U]i )当0t =时,50-<,显然成立……………7分ii )当0t ≠时,()20644450t t t <⎧⎪⎨∆=-⨯⨯-≤⎪⎩504t ∴-≤<……………9分综合以上:504t -≤≤……………10分AH。
山东省青岛西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考物理试题 含解析
胶南一中高三12月份月考--—-理科综合物理试题二、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题6分,共48分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求,第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分.(将答案涂在答题纸上相应位置)1. 在水平冰面上,一辆质量为1× 103 kg的电动雪橇做匀速直线运动,关闭发动机后,雪橇滑行一段距离后停下来,其运动的v —t 图象如图所示,那么关于雪橇运动情况以下判断正确的是A。
关闭发动机后,雪橇的加速度为-2 m/s2B. 雪橇停止前30s内通过的位移是150 mC. 雪橇匀速运动过程中发动机的功率为5×103 WD. 雪橇与水平冰面间的动摩擦因数约为0.03【答案】C【解析】A项:关闭发动机后,雪橇的加速度为,故A错误;B项:雪橇停止前30s内通过的位移是,故B错误; C项:雪橇匀速运动过程中发动机的功率为P=Fv=μmgv=5×103 W,故C正确;D项:关闭发动机后,,解得,故D错误。
点晴:速度时间图线与时间轴所围成的面积表示物体的位移,根据图线的斜率求出加速度,匀速运动时,牵引力等于阻力,根据P=Fv求解牵引力功率。
2。
质量为2kg的质点在x—y平面上运动,x方向的速度—时间图象和y方向的位移-时间图象分别如图所示,则质点A。
初速度为4m/sB。
所受合外力为4NC. 做匀变速直线运动D。
初速度的方向与合外力的方向垂直【答案】B【解析】试题分析:x轴方向初速度为v x=4m/s,y轴方向初速度v y=-3m/s,质点的初速度.故A错误.x轴方向的加速度a=2m/s2,质点的合力F合=ma=4N.故B正确.x轴方向的合力恒定不变,y轴做匀速直线运动,合力为零,则质点的合力恒定不变,做匀变速曲线运动.故C错误.合力沿x轴方向,而初速度方向既不在x轴,也不在y轴方向,质点初速度的方向与合外力方向不垂直.故D错误.故选B考点:运动的合成及分解【名师点睛】本题考查运用运动合成与分解的方法处理实际问题的能力,根据速度图象判断物体在x轴方向做匀加速直线运动,y轴做匀速直线运动,根据平行四边形法则结合牛顿第二定律求解;此题类似平抛运动.中等难度.3。
青岛一中2017—2018学年度第一学期第一次模块考试高一物理
青岛一中2017—2018学年度第一学期第一次模块考试高一物理2017.11本卷分第I 卷(选择题)和第II 卷(非选择题)两部分满分 100 分,考试时间 90分钟注意事项:(请考生答题前先看清试卷和答题卡上的注意事项或说明。
)1.试题全部都答到答题卡上,考试结束时只交答题卡。
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5.不得在答题卡上书写与考试无关的内容;必须保持答题卡的卷面整洁、平整,不得揉、搓或折叠答题卡。
第I 卷(选择题,总分60分)一、选择题:共12小题共计60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,第1~6题只有一项符合题目要求,第7~12题有多项符合题目要求,全部选对得5分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分1.甲、乙两个物体在同一直线上沿正方向运动,24s ma =甲,2-4s m a =乙,那么对甲、乙两物体判断正确的是( )A .甲、乙在相等时间内速度变化相等;B .甲做加速直线运动,乙做减速直线运动;C .甲的速度比乙的速度变化快;D .甲的加速度大于乙的加速度2.装修工人在搬运材料时施加一个水平拉力将其从水平台面上拖出,如图 所示,则在匀加速拖出的过程中( )A.材料与平台之间的接触面积逐渐减小,摩擦力逐渐减小B.材料与平台之间的相对速度逐渐增大,摩擦力逐渐增大C.平台对材料的支持力逐渐减小,摩擦力逐渐减小D.材料与平台之间的动摩擦因数不变,支持力也不变,因而工人拉力也不变3.沿直线运动的一辆汽车以速度v 匀速行驶了全程的一半,然后匀减速行驶另一半路程,恰好停止。
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高一生物下学期3月月考试题
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高一生物下学期3月月考试题(考试时间90分钟试题分数100分)一.选择题(单选,每小题1分,共60分,请将你的答案填涂到答题卡上)1、一个成熟的卵细胞内有染色体,这些染色体A.一半自父方,一半自母方 B.自父方、母方的数目是随机的C.绝大多数自父方 D.绝大多数自母方2、下列细胞中与其体细胞染色体数目不相同的是A.四分体时期的细胞 B.减数第一次分裂后期的细胞C.减数第二次分裂后期的细胞 D.精细胞3、有关卵巢的叙述正确的是A.所有细胞都进行减数分裂 B.所有细胞都可以见到染色体C.有的细胞进行有丝分裂 D.所有细胞的遗传物质都相同4、在对某高等动物镜检时发现体细胞中有29条染色体,你认为下列分析有道理的是①亲代细胞在减数分裂形成配子时多了一条染色体②亲代细胞在减数分裂形成配子时少了一条染色体③亲代细胞在减数分裂时没有形成纺锤体④亲代细胞在减数分裂时,着丝点没有分裂⑤该生物受精卵分裂时,有一组姐妹染色单体移向同一极⑥该生物受精卵分裂时,没有形成纺锤体A.①②⑤B.②③④⑥ C.①②③④⑤⑥D.①⑤5、下列有关“性状分离比的模拟”试验的叙述,不正确...的是A.每一个桶内的彩球大小、形状、质地、质量等要一致B.甲、乙两小桶内的小球分别代表雌、雄生殖器官C.每次抓彩球以前必须摇动小桶,使彩球充分混合D.每次抓彩球,统计的彩球必须放回小桶内6、两个具有两对相对性状(完全显性,独立遗传)的纯合子杂交,其子二代中能稳定遗传的新类型可能占新类型总数的A.1/2或1/3 B.1/3 或1/4 C.1/3 或1/5 D.1/2或1/57、下列各项有可能存在等位基因的是A.四分体 B.一个双链DNA分子 C.细菌的DNA D.非同源染色体8、下列关于染色体和DNA的关系说法不正确的是A.DNA不都位于染色体上 B.每条染色体上含有一个或二个DNA分子C.DNA是染色体的主要成分 D.染色体和DNA都是间期复制,后期加倍9、孟德尔运用假说-演绎法总结出了遗传学的两大规律,以下说法中属于假说的是A.F1代全部显现高茎B.F2代既有高茎又有矮茎,性状分离比接近3:1C.生物性状是由遗传因子决定的,体细胞中遗传因子成对存在D.F1代与隐性个体测交后代既有高茎又有矮茎,性状分离比接近1:110、已知玉米高秆(D)对矮秆(d)为显性,抗病(R)对易感病(r)为显性,控制上述性状的基因位于两对同源染色体上。
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学高一物理下学期3月月考试题(2021年整理)
B。 C点的电势高于B点的电势
C。 该电荷将沿电场线向C点方向运动
D. 该电荷运动过程中加速度越来越小
10.如图所示,在光滑绝缘水平面上,两个带等量正电的点电荷分别固定在 、 两点, 为 连线的中点, 为 的垂直平分线.在 之间的 点由静止释放一个带负电的试探电荷(可视为质点),若不计空气阻力,则试探电荷( )
A. 由 可知,是电场强度的定义式,适用于任何电场
B。 由 可知,当时,
C。 由 ,在匀强电场中,只要两点间距离相等,则它们之间的电势差就相等
D。 电场强度是反映电场本身特性的物理量,与是否存在检验电荷无关
12.关于电场中的等势面,下列说法中正确的有( )
A. 等势面不一定跟电场线垂直
B. 沿电场线电势一定升高
D. 若放置到该点的检验电荷变为-2q,则场中该点的场强大小不变,但方向相反
4.下列说法中正确的是( )
A。 沿电场线方向电势降低,但场强不一定减小
B。 电场线密集处场强大,电势高
C。 在电势高处电荷具有的电势能大
D. 场强为零处,电势一定为零
5.如图所示,在静止电荷 所产生的电场中,有与 共面的 、 、 三点,且 、 处于以 为圆心的同一圆周上.设 、 、
C。 在同一等势面上两点间移动电荷,电场力做功为零
D。 处于静电平衡状态的导体是等势体,表面是一个等势面
13.关于电容器的电容,下列说法中正确的是( )
A. 根据 可知,电容器的电容与其所带电荷量成正比,跟两板间的电压成反比
B。 对于确定的电容器,其所带电荷量与两板间的电压成正比
C。 无论电容器电压如何变化(小于击穿电压且不为零),它所带电荷量与电压的比值都恒定不变
山东省青岛市重点名校2017-2018学年高一下学期期末经典物理试题含解析
山东省青岛市重点名校2017-2018学年高一下学期期末经典物理试题一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的1.(本题9分)关于摩擦起电和感应起电的原因,下列说法正确的是A.摩擦起电的原因是电荷的转移,感应起电的原因是产生电荷B.摩擦起电的原因是产生电荷,感应起电因是电荷的转移C.摩擦起电和感应起电原因都是电荷的转移D.摩擦起电现象说明机械能可以转化为电能,也说明通过做功可以创造出电荷【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】摩擦起电的实质是电子从一个物体转移到另一个物体,即说明了电荷可以从一个物体转移到另一个物体.摩擦起电现象说明机械能可以转化为电能,但并没有创造电荷.电荷只是发生转移.感应起电过程电荷在电场力作用下,从物体的一部分转移到另一个部分.或者是电荷从物体的一部分转移到另一个部分.电荷可以从带电的物体转移到原来不带电的物体是接触带电;故选C.点晴:摩擦起电和感应起电的实质都电子发生了转移,只是感应起电是电子从物体的一部分转移到另一个部分.摩擦起电是电子从一个物体转移到另一个物体.2.(本题9分)如图所示,一水平圆盘可绕通过盘心O且垂直于盘面的竖直轴转动.在圆盘上放置小木块A,它随圆盘一起做匀速圆周运动.木块A受力的个数为()A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个【答案】C【解析】考点:共点力平衡的条件及其应用.专题:计算题.分析:对小木块进行运动分析和受力分析,做匀速圆周运动,合力等于向心力,指向圆心,结合运动情况,再对木块受力分析即可.解答:解:小木块做匀速圆周运动,合力指向圆心,对木块受力分析,受重力、支持力和静摩擦力,如图重力和支持力平衡,静摩擦力提供向心力.故选C .点评:静摩擦力与物体的相对运动趋势的方向相反,表明物体相对于圆盘有向外滑动的趋势. 3. (本题9分)如图所示,一质量为m 的质点在半径为R 的半球形容器中(容器固定)由静止开始自边缘上的A 点滑下,到达最低点B 时,它对容器的正压力为F N .重力加速度为g ,则质点自A 滑到B 的过程中,摩擦力对其所做的功为( )A .()132N R F mg -B .()122N R mg F -C .()12N R F mg -D .()122N R F mg - 【答案】A【解析】试题分析:在B 点有:2v N mg m R-=.得211()22KB E mv N mg R -==.A 滑到B 的过程中运用动能定理得,2102f mgR W mv +-=,得1(3)2f W R N mg -=.故A 正确.考点:考查了动能定理的应用4. (本题9分)一辆汽车正在水平公路上转弯,沿曲线由M 向N 行驶,速度逐渐增大,下面四幅图中画出的汽车所受合力F 的方向可能正确的是( ) A . B .C .D .【答案】B【解析】【分析】因汽车M向N行驶,故速度方向沿切线向上,由曲线运动条件知C错误;又因速度逐渐增大,故F与速度夹角为锐角,故A、D错误,故本题B正确.5.如图所示,A、B、C是在同一轨道平面上的三颗不同的人造地球卫星,关于各物理量的关系,下列说法正确的是()A.根据v=,可知线速度v A<v B<v CB.根据万有引力定律,可知卫星所受的地球引力F A>F B>F CC.周期T A>T B>T CD.向心加速度a A>a B>a C【答案】D【解析】【详解】A.人造地球卫星的万有引力提供向心力,可得,可知线速度v A>v B>v C,A错误B.卫星之间的质量关系不清楚,所以所受万有引力大小关系不清楚,B错误C.人造地球卫星的万有引力提供向心力,可得,周期T A<T B<T C,C错误D.人造地球卫星的万有引力提供向心力,可得,向心加速度a A>a B>a C,D正确6.如图所示,卫星a和b,分别在半径相同的轨道上绕金星和地球做匀速圆周运动,已知金星的质量小于地球的质量,则()A.b的角速度较大B.b的周期较大C.a、b的线速度大小相等D.a、b的向心加速度大小相等【答案】A【解析】A 、由万有引力充当向心力G 2mM r =m 2ωr 知,角速度ω=3GM r,卫星a 和b 的轨道半径相同,而中心天体金星的质量小于地球的质量,b 的角速度较大,故A 正确.B 、由ω=2T π知,卫星的周期T=23πr GM,卫星a 和b 的轨道半径相同,卫星a 绕中心天体金星的质量较小,则卫星a 的周期较大,故B 错误.C 、由线速度v=ωr=GM r知,卫星a 和b 的轨道半径相同,中心天体金星的质量小于地球的质量,a 、b 的线速度大小不相等,故C 错误.D 、由向心加速度a=2GM r知,卫星a 和b 的轨道半径相同,中心天体金星的质量小于地球的质量,a 、b 的向心加速度大小不相等,故D 错误.二、多项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分7. (本题9分)根据《日经新闻》的报道,日本将在2020年东京奥运会开幕之前使“无人驾驶”汽车正式上路并且投入运营.高度详细的3D 地图技术能够为“无人驾驶”汽车提供大量可靠的数据,这些数据可以通过汽车内部的机器学习系统进行全面的分析,以执行不同的指令.如下图所示为一段公路拐弯处的3D 地图,你认为以下说法正确的是( )A .如果弯道是水平的,则“无人驾驶”汽车在拐弯时受到重力、支持力、摩擦力和向心力B .如果弯道是水平的,则“无人驾驶”汽车在拐弯时收到的指令应让车速小一点,防止汽车作离心运动而发生侧翻C .如果弯道是倾斜的,3D 地图上应标出内(东)高外(西)低D .如果弯道是倾斜的,3D 地图上应标出外(西)高内(东)低【答案】BD【解析】试题分析:“无人驾驶”汽车在拐弯时受到重力、支持力、摩擦力,A 错误;如果弯道是水平的,则静摩擦力提供向心力,当达到最大静摩擦力时对应一最大速度,超过这个速度,将发生离心运动而侧翻,B 正确;如果弯道倾斜,则要使重力的分力提供向心力,所以应标出外(西)高内(东)低,C 错误:D 正确:故考点:生活中的圆周运动.【名师点睛】根据汽车转弯运动的实际情况,为防止侧滑,要使公路内侧低于外侧,形成斜面,使重力的分力提供向心力.8.(本题9分)如图,修正带是通过两个齿轮的相互咬合进行工作的。
2017-2018学年山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学高一下学期3月月考英语试题
2017-2018学年山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学高一下学期3月月考英语试题2018.3.29第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题,每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)1. Where is the woman going this afternoon?A. The beachB. The job centerC. The shopping mall2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At the railway stationB. On the train.C. On a bridge.3. How long does David stay abroad in all?A. 9 DaysB. 11daysC. 16 days4. What is the man doing?A. Making a call.B. Making a visitC. Making an appointment.5.What does the woman think of the science museum?A. ExcitingB. TiringC. Boring第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman say about the restaurant?A. The food is not freshB. The price is reasonable.C. The meat tastes best7. Why does the man suggest the woman do?A. Try the cherry pieB. Try his favorite meatC. Eat less vegetables.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高二下学期3月月考数学(理)试题
高二理科数学月考2一、选择题(每小题5分,共60分)1.若曲线ln y kx x =+在点1(,k )处的切线平行于x 轴,则k= ( )A .-1B .1C .-2D .22.函数f (x )的定义域为开区间(a ,b ),其导函数f ′(x )在(a ,b )内的图象如图所示,则函数f (x )在开区间(a ,b )内的极值点有( )A .1个B .2个C .3个D .4个3.若()f x 在R 上可导,,则2()2'(2)3f x x f x =++,则3()f x dx =⎰( )4.A. 16 B. 18 C. 24 D. 544.若函数()f x kx Inx =-在区间()1,+∞单调递增,则k 的取值范围是( ) A. (],2-∞- B. (],1-∞- C. [)2,+∞ D. [)1,+∞5.若方程330x x m -+=在[0,2]上有解,则实数m 的取值范围是( ) A .[2,2]- B .[0,2] C .[2,0]- D .(,2)-∞-∪(2,)+∞ 6.函数)(x f y =的图象如下图所示,则导函数)('x f y =的图象的大致形状是( )A .B .C .D .7.()f x 是定义在非零实数集上的函数,'()f x 为其导函数,且0.2220.222(2)(0.2)(log 5)0'()()0,,,20.2log 5f f f x xf x f x b c >-<==时,记a=则 ( )A.a<b<cB.b<a<cC. c<a<bD.c<b<a8.过点(1,-1)且与曲线32y x x =-相切的直线方程为( )A. 或B.20x y --=C. 或4510x y ++=D. +20x y -=9.已知函数32()f x x bx cx =++的图象如图所示,则212-x (x )等于( )A .32 B .34 C .38 D .31610.已知f(x)=2x 3-6x 2+m(m 为常数)在[-2,2]上有最大值3,那么此函数在[-2,2]上的最小值是( )A.-37B.-29C.-5D.以上都不对11.函数()22, 0,4,02,x x f x x x -≤⎧⎪=-<≤,则()22f x dx -⎰的值为 ( ) A. 6π+ B.2π- C.2π D. 8 12.已知函数()()32,5a fx g x x x x ==--,若对任意的121,,22x x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,都有()()122f x g x -≥成立,则实数a 的取值范围是A. [)2,∞+B. ()2,∞+C. (),0∞-D. (],1∞-- 二、填空题(每小题5分,共20分)13.已知函数11()(,)212ax f x x +=-∞-+在内单调递增,则实数a 的取值范围是 __ .14.函数()y f x =的图象在点()()2,2M f 处的切线方程是28y x =-,则()()'22f f =__________.15.曲线y =log 2x 在点(1,0)处的切线与坐标轴所围三角形的面积等于________.16.如图是函数()y f x =的导函数()y f x ='的图象,给出下列命题:O 2x1x yx12①()y f x =在0x =处切线的斜率小于零; ②2-是函数()y f x =的极值点;③()y f x =在区间()2,2-上单调递减. ; ④1不是函数()y f x =的极值点.则正确命题的序号是____.(写出所有正确命题的序号) 三、解答题(共70分)17.(本小题10分)若函数f(x)= xe x在x=c 处的导数值与函数值互为相反数,求c 的值.18.(本小题12分)求曲线y =x 2和直线x =0,x =1,y =t ,t ∈(0,1)所围成的图形的面积的最小值.19.(本小题12分)某超市销售某种小商品的经验表明,该商品每日的销售量y (单位:件)与销售价格(单位:元/件)满足关系式,其中,a为常数,已知销售价格为元/件时,每日可售出该商品件.若该商品的进价为元/件,当销售价格为何值时,超市每日销售该商品所获得的利润最大.20.(本小题12分)设函数f (x )=2x 3+3ax 2+3bx +8c 在x =1及x =2时取得极值.(1)求a ,b 的值;(2)若存在0x ∈[0,3],有f (0x )<c 2成立,求c 的取值范围.21.(本小题12分)已知函数()()1ln f x ax x a R =--∈. (1)讨论函数()f x 在定义域内的极值点的个数;(2)若函数()f x =0在区间1e ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦,e 上有两个解,求a 的取值范围。
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高一政治下学期3月月考试题
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高一政治下学期3月月考试题试卷包括第Ι卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
请将答案涂写在答题卡规定的区域内。
第Ι卷选择题部分(共90分)一、单项选择题:(共45小题,每小题2分,共90分。
每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是最符合题目要求的,多选、错选均不得分。
)1.在快节奏生活的时代,人们提出了“慢生活”理念,一些人逐步接受了该理念,并加入到“慢餐饮”、“慢旅游”、“慢运动”等行列。
这反映了A.世界观决定方法论B.哲学来源于人们形成的世界观C.方法论影响世界观D.哲学是对具体生活的概括和升华2.史蒂夫·乔布斯创办的苹果公司让我们的生活因现代科技充满了更多可能,而乔布斯曾经说过:“我愿意用我所有的科技去换取和苏格拉底相处的一个下午。
”乔布斯这样说,其原因最有可能的是A.哲学是具体科学的基础和前提B.哲学能为现代科技发展提供指导C.哲学实现了科学性和革命性的统一D.哲学是推动科技进步的根本动力3.中国科学建设的世界最大射电望远镜(FAST),将会使我国深空探测能力从月球轨道扩展到太阳系边缘。
我国空间探测技术的发展进步,离不开人类对自然规律的正确认识,这体现了A.任何哲学都是自己时代的精神上的精华 B.哲学为具体科学提供世界观和方法论的指导C.具体科学的进步推动着所有哲学的发展 D.具体科学是哲学的基础,为哲学提供依据4.冯友兰先生说:“哲学的用途乃无用之大用”。
这是因为①哲学是自己时代精神的精华②哲学是世界观和方法论的统一③哲学既是高度的抽象又是丰富的具体④哲学揭示了最一般的本质和最普遍的规律A.①②B.①④C.②③D.②④5.我国古代哲学家王阳明一次同朋友去郊外春游时说:“你未看此花时,此花与汝心同归于寂。
你来看此花时,则此花颜色一时明白起来。
便知此花不在你的心外。
”在哲学基本问题上,下列观点与其主张最相近的是A.动之端乃天地之心也 B.不是风动,不是幡动,仁者心动C.万物都只在概念中运动 D.天地合而万物生,阴阳接而变化起6.公孙龙《坚白论》中辩言,对于一块白色而坚硬的石头,人们可以看得到“白”,但看不到“坚”;可以摸得到“坚”,但摸不到“白”。
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高二物理下学期3月月考试题
河北、山东、甘肃、陕西、内蒙古、北京、天津 资源投稿 qq :2355394501山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高二物理下学期3月月考试题一、选择题1.对于液体和固体(不计分子间的空隙),若用M 表示摩尔质量,m 0表示分子质量,ρ表示物质密度,V 表示摩尔体积,v 0表示单个分子的体积,N 表示阿伏伽德罗常数,则下列关系中错误的是A .0v V N =B .0m V N ρ=C .VM N ρ= D .M=ρV 2.如图所示描述了封闭在某容器里的理想气体在温度Ta 和Tb 下的速率分布情况,下列说法正确的是( )A. Ta > TbB. 随着温度升高,每一个气体分子的速率都增大C. 随着温度升高,气体分子中速率大的分子所占的比例会增加D. 若从a T 到 b T 气体的体积减小,气体一定从外界吸收热量3.下列说法不正确的是.( )A .布朗运动是指液体或气体分子对处于其中的悬浮颗粒的撞击形成的,悬浮颗粒越大,液体或气体分子对其撞击越多,布朗运动越明显B .温度升高,单位时间里从液体表面飞出的分子数增多,液体继续蒸发,饱和气压增大C .液体表面层中分子间的距离比液体内部分子间距离大,所以宏观上液体表面存在张力D .两个分子间距离增大时,它们之间的分子势能一定增大E .一定质量的100℃水变成100℃水蒸气,其分子势能一定增加4.如图所示,一导热性能良好.....的金属气缸静放在水平面上,活塞与气缸壁间的摩擦不计。
气缸内封闭了一定质量的气体,气体分子间的相互作用不计。
现缓慢地逐渐向活塞上倒一定质量的沙土,忽略环境温度的变化,在此过程中( )A. 气体的内能增大B. 气缸内分子的平均动能增大C. 单位时间内撞击气缸壁单位面积上的分子数一定增多D. 因为外界对气体做了功,所以气体的温度是升高的5.某自行车轮胎的容积为V ,里面已有压强为P 0的空气,现在要使轮胎内的气压增大到P ,设充气过程为等温过程,空气可看作理想气体,轮胎容积保持不变,则还要向轮胎充入温度相同,压强也河北、山东、甘肃、陕西、内蒙古、北京、天津 资源投稿 qq :2355394501 2是P 0,体积为( )的空气 A. 0P V P B. 0P V P C. 01P V P ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭ D. 01P V P ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭6.一定质量的理想气体,状态变化由a 到b 到c ,其P -t 图中直线ab 平行p 坐标轴,直线bc 通过坐标原点,三状态的体积分别为V a 、V b 、V c ,则根据图像可以判定( )A. a b V V >B. a b V V =C. b c V V >D. b c V V =6题 7题 8题7.如图为一定质量理想气体的体积V 与温度T 的关系图像,它由状态A 经等温过程到状态B ,再经等容过程到状态C 。
2017-2018学年山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学高三上学期第一次月考物理试题 Word版含解析
高三物理第一次月考一、不定项选择(每题4分,共48分)1. 在一光滑水平面内建立平面直角坐标系,一物体从t=0时刻起,由坐标原点O(0,0)开始运动,其沿x轴和y轴方向运动的速度—时间图像如图甲、乙所示,下列说法中正确的是( )A. 前2 s内物体沿x轴做匀加速直线运动B. 后2 s内物体继续做匀加速直线运动,但加速度沿y轴方向C. 4 s末物体坐标为(4 m,4 m)D. 4 s末物体坐标为(6 m,2 m)【答案】AD【解析】试题分析:由甲乙图象可知,前内物体沿轴做匀加速直线运动,在沿方向静止,所以前内做匀变速直线运动.故A正确;后内物体在方向以做匀速运动,在y方向做初速为零的匀加速运动,其合运动为匀变速曲线运动,故B错误;末物体在x方向的位移为,y方向的位移为,则物体的位置坐标为,故D正确,C错误。
考点:运动的合成和分解【名师点睛】通过甲乙图象得出物体在x轴方向和y方向上的运动规律,从而得出合运动的规律,结合图线与时间轴围成的面积分别求出分位移的大小,从而确定末物体的坐标。
2. 如图所示,离地面高h处有甲、乙两个物体,甲以初速度v0水平射出,同时乙以初速度v0沿倾角为45°的光滑斜面滑下。
若甲、乙同时到达地面,则v0的大小是( )A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】平抛运动的时间为:;乙在斜面下滑的加速度为:.根据,代入数据得.故A正确,BCD错误.故选A.点睛:解决本题的关键知道平抛运动的时间由高度决定,初速度和时间相同决定水平位移,抓住平抛运动的时间和匀加速运动的时间相同,结合牛顿第二定律和运动学公式灵活求解.3. 有a、b、c、d四颗地球卫星,a还未发射,在赤道表面上随地球一起转动,b是近地轨道卫星,c是地球同步卫星,d是高空探测卫星,它们均做匀速圆周运动,各卫星排列位置如图所示,则A. a的向心加速度等于重力加速度gB. 在相同时间内b转过的弧长最长C. c在4小时内转过的圆心角是D. d的运动周期有可能是20小时【答案】B【解析】试题分析:a随地球自转,由于万有引力分为两部分,一部分为重力,一部分充当向心力,所以其加速度不为g,A错误;由,得,则知卫星的半径越大,线速度越小,所以b的线速度最大,B正确;c是地球同步卫星,周期是24h,则c在4h内转过的圆心角是,故C错误;由开普勒第三定律知,卫星的轨道半径越大,周期越大,所以d的运动周期大于c的周期24h,不可能是20h,C错误;考点:考查了万有引力定律的应用【名师点睛】对于卫星问题,要建立物理模型,根据万有引力提供向心力,分析各量之间的关系,并且要知道同步卫星的条件和特点.4. 如图叠放在水平转台上的物体A、B、C正随转台一起以角速度ω匀速转动,A、B、C的质量分别为3m、2m、m,B与转台、C与转台、A与B 间的动摩擦因数都为μ,B、C离转台中心的距离分别为r、1.5r.最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力,以下说法正确的是()A. B对A的摩擦力有可能为3μmgB. C与转台间的摩擦力大于A与B间的摩擦力C. 转台的角速度ω有可能恰好等于D. 若角速度ω再在题干所述原基础上缓慢增大,A与B间将最先发生相对滑动【答案】C【解析】试题分析:对AB整体,有:(3m+2m)ω2r≤μ(3m+2m)g…①对物体C,有:mω2(1.5r)≤μmg…②对物体A,有:3mω2r≤μ(3m)g…③由A选项分析可知,最先发生相对滑动的是物块C,故D错误.故选C.考点:牛顿第二定律;向心力【名师点睛】本题关键是对A、AB整体、C受力分析,根据静摩擦力提供向心力以及最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力列式分析是关键。
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高一上学期第一次月考物理试题 Word版含解析
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高一上学期第一次月考物理试题一、选择题(本小题共16小题,每题5分,共80分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,至少有一项符合题目要求,全部选对得5分,选对而不全得2分,选错或者不选不得分)1. 下列说法中正确的是()A. 体积.质量都极小的物体都能看成质点B. 当研究一列火车全部通过桥所需的时间时,可以把火车视为质点C. 研究自行车的运动时,因为车轮在转动,所以无论研究哪方面,自行车都不能视为质点D. 如果物体的大小和形状对所研究的问题属于无关或次要因素,就可以把物体看做质点【答案】D【解析】体积、质量都极小的物体,如果体积和形状对所研究的问题影响很大,不能看成质点.故A错误.当研究一列火车全部通过北江大桥所需的时间时,尽管火车上各点的运动相同,但火车的长度对时间影响不能忽略,所以不能把它看成质点.故B错误.研究自行车在公路上行驶速度时,自行车整体的运动的速度是一样的,此时可以看成质点.故C错误.当物体的形状、大小对所研究的问题没有影响时,我们就可以把它看成质点.故D正确.故选D.点睛:物体能否看成质点不是看物体绝对的体积和质量大小,而是看物体的大小和形状对所研究的问题影响能否忽略不计.2. 以下数据指时刻的是()A. 某运动员跑百米用时11.70sB. 某学校上午第一节课8:15正式上课C. 1997年7月1日零时,中国开始对香港恢复行使主权D. 5s内楼上的小球落到地面【答案】BC【解析】某运动员跑百米用时11.70s,指的是时间,选项A错误;某学校上午第一节课8:15正式上课,指的是时刻,选项B正确;1997年7月1日零时,中国开始对香港恢复行使主权,指的是时刻,选项C正确;5s内楼上的小球落到地面,指的是时间,选项D错误;3. 一个小球从距离地面4 m高处落下,被地面弹回,在距离地面1 m高处被接住。
坐标原点选在抛出点下方2 m处,向下为坐标轴的正方向,则小球抛出点、接住点的坐标和该过程的位移、路程分别是( )A. 2 m、-1 m、-3 m、5 mB. -2 m、1 m、3 m、5 mC. 4 m、1 m、-3 m、3 mD. -4 m、-1 m、3 m、3 m【答案】B【解析】试题分析:位移可以用由初位置指向末位置的有向线段表示,方向由初位置指向末位置,大小等于有向线段的长度.路程等于运动轨迹的长度.解:坐标原点选在抛出点下方2米处,向下为正方向,则抛出点的坐标为﹣2m,接住点的坐标为1m,位移由初位置指向末位置,x=3m,路程等于运动的轨迹的长度,s=5m.故B 正确,A、C、D错误.故选B.【点评】解决本题的关键知道位移由初位置指向末位置,路程等于运动轨迹的长度.4. 为了使公路交通有序、安全,路旁立了许多交通标志,如图所示,甲图是限速标志,表示允许行驶的最大速度是80 km/h;乙图是路线指示标志,此处到青岛还有150 km。
山东省青岛西海岸新区第一中学2025届高三月考3物理试题含解析
山东省青岛西海岸新区第一中学2025届高三月考3物理试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、我国第一颗人造地球卫星因可以模拟演奏《东方红》乐曲并让地球上从电波中接收到这段音乐而命名为“东方红一号”。
该卫星至今仍沿椭圆轨道绕地球运动。
如图所示,设卫星在近地点、远地点的角速度分别为1ω,2ω,在近地点、远地点的速度分别为1v ,2v ,则( )A .12ωω<B .12ωω=C .12v v >D .12v v <2、如图,长为L 、倾角30θ=的传送带始终以2.5m/s 的速率顺时针方向运行,小物块以4.5m/s 的速度从传送带底端A 沿传送带上滑,恰能到达传送带顶端B ,已知物块与斜面间的动摩擦因数为34,取210m/s g =,最大静摩擦力与滑动摩擦力大小相等,则下列图像中能正确反映物块在传送带上运动的速度v 随时间t 变化规律的是( )A .B .C .D .3、在下列四个核反应方程中,x 1、x 2、x 3和x 4各代表某种粒子。
①235195138********U n Sr Xe 3x +→++②2311220H x He n +→+③23823492903U Th x →+④24427122134Mg He Al x +→+以下判断正确的是( )A .x 1是质子B .x 2是中子C .x 3是α粒子D .x 4是氘核4、下列说法正确的是( )A.图甲中,有些火星的轨迹不是直线,说明炽热微粒不是沿砂轮的切线方向飞出的B.图乙中,两个影子在x、y轴上的运动就是物体的两个分运动C.图丙中,小锤用较大的力去打击弹性金属片,A、B两球可以不同时落地D.图丁中,做变速圆周运动的物体所受合外力F在半径方向的分力大于所需要的向心力5、乒乓球作为我国的国球,是一种大家喜闻乐见的体育运动,它对场地要求低且容易上手。
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2024届物理高一第二学期期末质量跟踪监视试题含解析
山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2024届物理高一第二学期期末质量跟踪监视试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(B)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。
2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试题卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题(本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,有的小题只有一个选项正确,有的小题有多个选项正确.全部选对的得5分,选不全的得3分,有选错的或不答的得0分)1、(本题9分)如图所示,小球在细绳的牵引下,在光滑水平桌面上绕绳的另一端O做匀速圆周运动.关于小球的受力情况,下列说法正确的是A.只受重力和拉力的作用B.只受重力和向心力的作用C.只受重力、支持力和向心力的作用D.只受重力、支持力和拉力的作用2、用完全相同的电阻组成甲、乙两个电路,电阻阻值R不随电压变化,R的额定电压为U1,额定电流为I1.现将甲、乙电路分别接入各自能承受的最大电压,则()A.甲电路的电压较大B.乙电路的电压较大C.甲电路的电功率较大D.乙电路的电阻较大3、如图,三个固定的带电小球a、b和c,相互间的距离分别为ab=5 cm, bc=3 cm, ca=4 cm. 小球c所受库仑力的合力的方向垂直于a、b的连线,设小球a、b所带电荷量的比值的绝对值为k,则A .a 、b 为异种电荷,k = 4/3B .a 、 b 为同种电荷,k =4/3C .a 、b 为同种电荷,k =16/9D .a 、b 为异种电荷,k =16/94、 (本题9分)安培提出了著名的分子电流假说.根据这一假说,电子绕核运动可等效为一环形电流.设电量为e 的电子以速率v 绕原子核沿顺时针方向做半径为r 的匀速圆周运动,下列关于该环形电流的说法正确的是A .电流大小为ver ,电流方向为顺时针 B .电流大小为ver ,电流方向为逆时针C .电流大小为2ver π,电流方向为顺时针D .电流大小为2verπ,电流方向为逆时针5、 (本题9分)我国著名的田径运动员刘翔多次在国际比赛中为国争光.在110m 栏的决赛中,终点处有一站在跑道侧面的摄影记者用照相机给他拍摄最后冲刺的身影,摄影记者使用的照相机的光圈(控制进光量的多少)是16,快门(曝光时间)是160s ,得到照片后测得照片中刘翔的身高为h ,胸部模糊部分的宽度为L ,已知刘翔的身高为H .由以上数据可以知道刘翔的( ) A .110m 栏的成绩 B .冲刺到终点时的速度的大小 C .110m 内的平均速度大小D .110栏比赛过程中加速度的大小6、 (本题9分)天然放射现象中可产生α、β、γ三种射线。
青岛市重点名校2017-2018学年高一下学期期末学业水平测试物理试题含解析
青岛市重点名校2017-2018学年高一下学期期末学业水平测试物理试题一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的1.(本题9分)以下关于功和能的说法中正确的是()A.功是矢量,能是标量B.功是能量转化的量度C.功和能都是矢量D.因为功和能的单位都是焦耳,所以功就是能【答案】B【解析】【详解】AC.物理学中把力和物体在力的方向上移动距离的乘积叫做机械功,简称功,功是标量,能量也是标量,故选项A、C错误;BD.功是能量转化的量度,单位都是焦耳,但功不是能量,功属于过程量,能量属于状态量,故选项B正确,D错误.2.(本题9分)一质点做匀速直线运动。
现对其施加一恒力,且原来作用在质点上的力不发生改变,则以下说法错误的是()A.质点不可能做匀变速曲线运动B.质点速度的方向不可能总是与该恒力的方向垂直C.质点加速度的方向总是与该恒力的方向相同D.质点单位时间内速度的变化量总是不变【答案】A【解析】【详解】质点开始做匀速直线运动,现对其施加一恒力,其合力不为零,若合力方向与原速度的方向不共线,则质点将做匀变速曲线运动,故A错误;如果所加恒力与原来的运动方向不在一条直线上,物体做曲线运动,速度方向沿切线方向,力和运动方向之间有夹角,质点速度的方向不可能总是与该恒力的方向垂直,故B 正确;由于质点做匀速直线运动,即所受合外力为0,原来质点上的力不变,增加一个恒力后,则质点所受的合力就是这个恒力,所以加速度方向与该恒力方向一相同,故C正确;因为合外力恒定,加速度恒定,由△v=a△t可知,质点单位时间内速度的变化量总是不变。
故D正确。
此题选择不正确的选项,故选A。
【点睛】本题要注意物体做曲线运动的条件是速度方向与加速度方向不在同一直线上,如果在同一直线则做直线运动,不在同一直线上则做曲线运动;同时还要正确理解牛顿第二定律和加速度的定义a=△v /△t,知道加速度与力和速度之间的关系.3. (本题9分)做自由落体的物体,先后经过空中的M 、N 两点时的速度分别为v 1和v 2,则下列说法中不正确的是A .M 、N 间的距离为22212v v g-B .物体经过M 、N 中点时的速度为122v v + C .物体经过M 、N 所用的时间为21v v g - D .物体经过M 、N 的平均速度为122v v + 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】A 、根据位移速度公式可知:22212gh v v =-,得M 、N 间的距离为22212v v h g-=,故A 正确;B 、根据位移速度公式可知:22122h gv v =-,22222h g v v =-,解得物体经过M 、N 中点时的速度为22212v v v +=,故B 错误; C 、根据0v v gt =+,得物体经过M 、N 所用的时间为21v v t g-=,故C 正确; D 、根据匀变速直线运动平均速度得122v v v +=,故D 正确; 故说法中不正确的选B .4. (本题9分)如图所示,在火星与木星轨道之间有一小行星带.假设该带中的小行星只受到太阳的引力,并绕太阳做匀速圆周运动.下列说法正确的是A .太阳对小行星的引力相同B .各小行星绕太阳运动的周期小于一年C .小行星带内侧小行星的向心加速度值大于小行星带外侧小行星的向心加速度值D .小行星带内各小行星圆周运动的线速度值大于 地球公转的线速度值 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析:小行星绕太阳做匀速圆周运动,万有引力提供圆周运动向心力知:A 、太阳对小行星的引力F=,由于各小行星轨道半径质量均未知,故不能得出太阳对小行星的引力相同的结论,故A 错误;B 、由周期T=知,由于小行星轨道半径大于地球公转半径,故小行星的周期均大于地球公转周期,即大于一年,故B 错误;C 、小行星的加速度a=知,小行星内侧轨道半径小于外侧轨道半径,故内侧向心加速度大于外侧的向心加速度,故C 正确;D 、线速度知,小行星的轨道半径大于地球半径,故小行星的公转速度小于地球公转的线速度,故D 错误. 故选C .5.质量为1kg 可视为质点的小球自由下落。
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山东省青岛市西海岸新区胶南第一高级中学2017-2018学年高一物理下学期3月月考试题一、选择题(本小题共18小题,每题4分,共72分。
第1-10小题单选;第11-18小题多选,全部选对得4分,选对而不全得2分,选错或者不选不得分)1.关于点电荷的说法,正确的是( )A. 只有球形带电体,才能看作点电荷B. 体积很大的带电体一定不能看作点电荷C. 点电荷一定是电荷量很小的电荷D. 带电体的形状、大小及电荷分布对相互作用力的影响可忽略时,它才可看作点电荷2.两个相同的金属小球,带电量分别为 +8q 和 -2q ,小球半径远小于两球心的距离r ,先将它们接触,然后再放回原处,此时它们的静电力为F , 则( )A. 226q F k r = B. 229q F k r= C. 2210q F k r = D. 2216q F k r= 3.在电场中的某点放一检验电荷,其电荷量为q(q >0),检验电荷受到的电场力为F ,则该点的电场强度E=F/q ,下列说法正确的是( )A. 若移去检验电荷,则该点的电场强度为0B. 若检验电荷的电荷量变为4q ,则该点的场强变为4EC. 若放置到该点的检验电荷变为-2q ,则场中该点的场强大小、方向均不变D. 若放置到该点的检验电荷变为-2q ,则场中该点的场强大小不变,但方向相反4.下列说法中正确的是( )A. 沿电场线方向电势降低,但场强不一定减小B. 电场线密集处场强大,电势高C. 在电势高处电荷具有的电势能大D. 场强为零处,电势一定为零5.如图所示,在静止电荷Q +所产生的电场中,有与Q +共面的A 、B 、C 三点,且B 、C 处于以Q +为圆心的同一圆周上.设A 、B 、C 三点的电场强度大小分别为A E 、B E 、C E ,电势分别为A ϕ、B ϕ、C ϕ,则下列判断中正确的是( )A. A B E E <, E C ϕϕ=B. A B E E <, A B ϕϕ>C. A B E E >, A E ϕϕ<D. A C E E >, B C ϕϕ=6.—平行板电容器两极板之间充满云母介质,接在恒压直流电源上,若将云母介质移出,则电容器( )A. 极板上的电荷量变小,极板间电场强度不变B. 极板上的电荷量变小,极板间电场强度变大C. 极板上的电荷量变大,极板间电场强度变大D. 极板上的电荷量变大,极板间电场强度不变7.如图(a )所示,AB 是某电场中的一条电场线.若有一电子以某一初速度并且仅在电场力的作用下,沿AB 由点A 运动到B 点,其速度图象如图(b)所示.下列关于A 、B 两点的电势φ和电场强度E 大小的判断正确的是( )A. E A = E BB. E A <E BC. φA >φBD. .φA <φB8.α粒子的质量是质子的4倍,电量是质子的2倍,他们从静止开始经过同一电场压U 加速后,获得的速度之比是( )A. 1 :2B.D. 2 :19.如图所示,A 、B 、C 为电场中一条直电场线上的三个点,已知一带电荷量为6210C --⨯的点电荷B 点受到的电场力大小为4610N -⨯,若将该点电荷从B 点由静止释放,不计重力,则下列关于该电场和该电荷的说法正确的是( )A. A 点的电场强度大于300N/CB. C 点的电势高于B 点的电势C. 该电荷将沿电场线向C 点方向运动D. 该电荷运动过程中加速度越来越小10.如图所示,在光滑绝缘水平面上,两个带等量正电的点电荷分别固定在A 、B 两点, O 为AB 连线的中点, MN 为AB 的垂直平分线.在MN 之间的C 点由静止释放一个带负电的试探电荷(可视为质点),若不计空气阻力,则试探电荷( )A. 从C 点沿直线MN 向N 端运动,先匀加速运动,后匀减速运动B. 从C 点运动至距离该点最远位置,即可在该最远位置静止不动了C. 从C 点运动至距离该点最远位置的过程中,所经过的各点电势先降低后升高D. 从C 点运动至距离该点最远位置的过程中,电势能先减小后增大11.有关电场强度的理解,下述说法正确的是( )A. 由可知,是电场强度的定义式,适用于任何电场B. 由可知,当时,C. 由,在匀强电场中,只要两点间距离相等,则它们之间的电势差就相等D. 电场强度是反映电场本身特性的物理量,与是否存在检验电荷无关12.关于电场中的等势面,下列说法中正确的有( )A. 等势面不一定跟电场线垂直B. 沿电场线电势一定升高C. 在同一等势面上两点间移动电荷,电场力做功为零D. 处于静电平衡状态的导体是等势体,表面是一个等势面13.关于电容器的电容,下列说法中正确的是( )A. 根据/C Q U 可知,电容器的电容与其所带电荷量成正比,跟两板间的电压成反比B. 对于确定的电容器,其所带电荷量与两板间的电压成正比C. 无论电容器电压如何变化(小于击穿电压且不为零),它所带电荷量与电压的比值都恒定不变D. 电容器所带的电荷量越多,电容就越大14.如图所示为一空腔导体周围的电场线分布,电场方向如图中箭头所示,M,N,P,Q 是以O 为圆心的一个圆周上的四点,其中M,N 在一条直线电场线上,P,Q 在一条曲线电场线上,下列说法正确的有( )A. M 点的电场强度比N 点的电场强度大B. P 点的电势比Q 点的电势低C. 负电荷在P 点的电势能小于其在Q 点的电势能D. M,O 间的电势差小于O,N 间的电势差15.如图所示,A 、B 、C 、D 为某匀强电场中四边形的四个顶点,且AB ∥CD 、AB ⊥BC ,边长关系为BC=CD=2AB=4cm ,电场线与四边形所在平面平行.已知A 、B 、C 三点电势分别为φA =20V ,φB =16V ,φc=24V .则( )A. D 点电势为36VB. 场强的大小为210/V mC. 场强的方向由D 指向AD. 场强的方向由D 指向B16.等量异种电荷的连线和其中垂线如图所示,现将一个带负电的检验电荷先从图中a 点沿直线移到b 点,再从b 点沿直线移到c 点。
则检验电荷在此过程中( )A. 所受电场力的方向有可能改变B. 所受电场力的大小一直减小C. 电势能先增大后不变D. 电势能一直减小17.如图所示,两块较大的金属板A 、B 相距为d.平行放置并与一电源相连,S 闭合后,两板间恰好有一质量为m 、带电量为q 的油滴处于静止状态,以下说法正确的是( )A. 若将s 断开,则油滴将做自由落体运动, G 表中无电流B. 若将A 向左平移小段位移,则油滴仍然静止, G 表中有b-a 的电流C. 若将A 向上平移小段位移,则油滴向下加速运动,G 表中有a-b 的电流D. 若将s 断开,A 向下平移一小段位移,则油滴仍然静止, G 表中无电流18.如图所示,在P 板附近有一质子由静止开始向Q 板运动,则关于质子在两板间的运动情况,下列叙述正确的是( )A. 两板间距越大,加速的时间越长B. 两板间距离越小,加速度就越大,则质子到达Q 板时的速度就越大C. 质子到达Q 板时的速度与板间距离无关,仅与加速电压有关D. 质子的加速度和末速度都与板间距离无关二、解答题(本题共2小题,共28分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤,只写出最后答案不能得分;有数值计算的题目,答案必须明确写出数值和单位)19.如图所示,在匀强电场中,有A 、B 两点,它们间距为20cm ,两点的连线与场强方向成60o角.将一个电量为52.010C --⨯的电荷由A 移到B ,其电势能增加了0.1J.求:(1)在此过程中,电场力对该电荷做的功;(2)A.B 两点的电势差AB U ;若A 点电势为1000V,则B 点电势为多少?(3)匀强电场的场强大小。
20.如图所示,光滑斜面倾角为37°,一质量为m=1×10-2kg ,电荷量为q=+1×10-6C 的小物块置于斜面上,当加上水平向右的匀强电场时,该物体恰能静止在斜面上, 210/g m s =, sin370.6cos370.8︒=︒=,,求:(1)该电场的电场强度大小;(2)若电场强度变为原来的12,小物块运动的加速度大小 (3)在(2)前提下,当小物块沿斜面下滑23L m =时,机械能的改变量.答案1【答案】D【解析】带电体能否看作点电荷是由研究问题的性质决定,与自身大小形状以及带电量均无具体关系,当带电体的形状对它们间相互作用力的影响可忽略时,这个带电体可看作点电荷,故ABC 错误,D 正确;2【答案】B【解析】因两小球带异种电荷,带电量分别为+8q 和-2q ,两物体接触后电量平分,则可知各自的带电量为3q ;由库仑定律可知: 静电力212229kq q kq F r r==.故ACD 错误,B 正确。
3【答案】C【解析】电场中某点的场强是由场源电荷决定的,与放入的检验电荷无关.无论有无放入检验电荷、检验电荷的电量如何,电场强度的大小方向都不变,故C 正确。
4【答案】A【解析】A 、沿电场线方向电势降低,但场强不一定减小,例如在匀强电场里,场强大小处处相等,故A 正确;B 、电场线密集处,电场强度大,而电场线方向不确定,故无法判断电势高低,电势就不一定高,故B 错误;C 、据电势能公式可知,正电荷在电势高处电荷具有的电势能大,负电荷在电势高处电荷具有的电势能小,故C 错误;D 、场强为零处,电势不一定为零,例如等量同种电荷的连线中点,故D 错误; 故选A 。
5【答案】D【解析】正电荷的电场线如图所示:因为电场线的疏密可以知道, A 、B 两点电场强度的大小关系,所以A B C E E E >=,沿电场线的方向电势降低,故A B ϕϕ<, B C ϕϕ=,故D 正确.故选D .6【答案】A【解析】平行板电容器接在恒压直流电源上,其两极间的电压不变. 若将云母介质移出,由电容的决定式C 4S kd επ=,可知,电容C 会减小, 再由电容的定义式C Q U =,可得,电荷量会减小, 因E U d=,所以板间场强不变. A 正确;BCD 错误; 7【答案】C【解析】A 、B ,v ﹣t 图象的斜率等于加速度,由图可知,电子在A 点加速度较大,则可知A 点所受电场力较大,由F Eq =可知,A 点的场强要大于B 点场强,即A B E E >, A 、B 错误;C 、D 电子从A 到B 的过程中,速度减小,动能减小,则可知电场力做负功,电场力方向由B→A ,而电子带负电,则电场线方向由A →B ,A 点的电势要大于B 点电势,即A B φφ>,C 正确;D 错误;8【答案】B【解析】设质子的质量为m ,电量为q ,加速电场的加速电场为U ,根据动能定理得: 212qU mv =,得v =U 相同,则知,v 与比荷的平方根成正比, α粒子的质量是质子的4倍,电荷量是质子的2倍,则它们比荷之比为1:2H H q q m m αα=故α粒子和质子获得的速度大小之比为,故选项B 正确,选项ACD 错误。