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the review of scientific instruments

the review of scientific instruments

The Review of Scientific InstrumentsIntroductionThe field of scientific research heavily relies on the use of various instruments and tools to conduct experiments, collect data, and analyze results. The review of scientific instruments plays a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of scientific studies. This article aims to explore the importance of instrument reviews and provide an in-depth analysis of their significance in scientific research.The Role of Instrument ReviewsInstrument reviews serve as an essential step in the scientific research process, as they enable scientists to select the most suitable tools for their experiments. By reviewing scientific instruments, researchers can assess their performance, quality, and suitability for a specific study. This evaluation process allows scientists to make informed decisions regarding instrument acquisition and usage, ensuring reliable and accurate scientific results.Factors to Consider in Instrument ReviewsWhen conducting instrument reviews, several factors should be taken into account. These factors include:1. Accuracy and PrecisionOne of the primary considerations in instrument reviews is the accuracy and precision of the measurement or analysis it provides. A reliable instrument should yield consistent and precise results, minimizingerrors and uncertainties in scientific experiments.2. Sensitivity and Detection LimitsThe sensitivity of an instrument refers to its ability to detect small changes or variations in the measured parameters. Instrument reviews should focus on the sensitivity of the tools, as this determines their capability to detect subtle changes in experimental conditions. Additionally, the detection limits of instruments should also be considered to ensure they can measure even the lowest concentrations or values accurately.3. Durability and LongevityScientific instruments can be a significant investment, makingdurability and longevity crucial factors in instrument reviews. Researchers need tools that can withstand rigorous usage and maintain their performance over an extended period. Instrument reviews should assess the robustness and reliability of instruments to ensure they can withstand the demands of scientific experiments.4. User-Friendliness and Ease of OperationInstrument reviews should also evaluate the user-friendliness and ease of operation of scientific tools. Researchers need instruments that are intuitive to use, with clear instructions and user interfaces. When instruments are user-friendly, scientists can save time and effort in conducting experiments and data analysis.Importance of Instrument Reviews in Scientific ResearchInstrument reviews play a vital role in scientific research for several reasons:1. Quality AssuranceThrough instrument reviews, researchers can ensure the quality and reliability of the data generated from scientific experiments. These reviews help identify any limitations or shortcomings of instruments and prevent inaccurate or misleading results.2. Cost-EffectivenessSelecting the most appropriate instruments for scientific studies is essential to optimize costs. Instrument reviews allow researchers to compare different options and choose tools that provide the necessary performance at the most cost-effective price.3. ReproducibilityReproducibility is an essential aspect of scientific research, ensuring that experiments and results can be independently verified and validated. By reviewing instruments, scientists can increase the reproducibility of their experiments, as other researchers can acquire the same tools and achieve comparable results.4. Innovation and AdvancementInstrument reviews contribute to the progress and innovation inscientific research. By evaluating existing instruments, scientists can identify areas for improvement and develop advanced tools with enhanced capabilities. This continuous cycle of instrument reviews and innovation drives scientific discoveries and technological advancements.ConclusionThe review of scientific instruments is a critical step in thescientific research process. It helps scientists select the mostsuitable tools, ensures the quality and reliability of data, and contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge. By considering factors such as accuracy, sensitivity, durability, and user-friendliness, researchers can make informed decisions and conduct experiments with confidence. Additionally, instrument reviews promote cost-effective approaches, reproducibility, and innovation, ultimately leading to groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in various scientific fields.。

怎样写英文论文review(我的笔记)

怎样写英文论文review(我的笔记)

How to peer review?General ideas1.Don’t share the manuscript or to discuss it in detail with others. The reviewer shouldmaintain confidentiality.(对所评阅的文章必须保密)2.To provide an honest, critical assessment of the work.To analyze the strengths and weaknesses, provide suggestions for improvement, and clearly state what must be done to raise the level of enthusiasm for the work.(对文章的优缺点做出评论,并明确指出应该怎么修改才能提升现有的文章质量)3.The reviewer should write reviews in a collegial, constructive manner. A carefully wordedreview with appropriate suggestions for revision can be very helpful.(以建设性的、学术性的口吻对文章进行评价,并给出建设性的修改再投递的意见)4.Support your criticisms or praise with concrete reasons that are well laid out and logical.(给出的评价应该附加有支撑观点的具体原因)5.评阅步骤:(1)Read the manuscript carefully from beginning to end before considering the review.Get a complete sense of the scope and novelty.(2)Move to analyzing the paper in detail, providing a summary statement of yourfindings and detailed comments.(3)Use clear reasoning to justify each criticism and highlight good points and weakerpoints.(4)If there are positive aspects of a poor paper, try to find some way of encouraging theauthor while still being clear on the reasons for rejection.(如果被拒绝的文章中有部分闪光点,可以鼓励作者。

飞机服务协议

飞机服务协议

AIRCRAFT SERVICE AGREEMENT飞机服务协议This agreement was made on 2019 between 该协议由以下两方签署:1. , a company incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong with limited liability and whose registered office is situateat (the ”Client“)and2. CO., LIMITED(original name:)(“Service Provider”) with registered office at;This Agreement sets out the terms and conditions upon which Service Provider will manage Client’s Aircraft described below. This Agreement consist of the Major Commercial Terms below and the General Terms and Conditions attached.此协议将根据下列条款及细则,由飞机服务公司(即有限公司)为客户管理飞机,此协议将含有“主要商务条款”以及“一般条款和条件”。

CLIENT HAS BEEN ADVISED TO, AND DID REVIEW NOT ONLY THE MAJOR COMMERICAL TERMS BUT ALSO THE GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS AND ANY APPENDICES TO THIS AGREEMENT AND BY EXECUTING THIS AGREEMENT AGREES TO BE BOUND BY ALL OF THEM.客户已经了解此协议内所列明的所有相关条款及细则并同意履行所有协议内容。

j. am. chem. soc.的文章类型

j. am. chem. soc.的文章类型

j. am. chem. soc.的文章类型在此我假设您是要求写一篇1500-2000字长的文章,这篇文章的主题是有关"j. am. chem. soc."(即"Journal of the American Chemical Society",简称JACS)的文章类型。

遵循您对于文章类型的要求,我将会一步一步回答。

文章类型是指在学术期刊中发表的文章,它们可以涵盖多种主题、研究方法和实验技术。

对于JACS这类顶级化学期刊,其文章类型多种多样。

以下是几种常见的JACS文章类型的介绍:1. Communication(通信):Communication是JACS中最常见的文章类型之一,它通常是对于某一最新研究成果的简短报道。

这类文章通常以简单的结构和语言,直接陈述研究发现,重点在于揭示其重要性和创新之处。

Communication的篇幅通常较短,一般不超过文章的3页。

2. Article(论文):Article是JACS中的一种全文研究论文,是对研究工作的全面描述和解释。

这类文章一般具有较完整的研究结构,包括引言、实验方法、结果与讨论、结论等部分。

Article的篇幅较长,可以超过10页,以便于作者充分呈现他们的研究发现和实验数据。

3. Perspective(展望):Perspective是JACS中的一类综述性文章,旨在对某一领域的最新进展进行总结和评价。

这类文章不仅会回顾过去的研究成果,还会展望未来的发展方向。

Perspective的篇幅通常较长,一般在5-20页之间。

4. Review(综述):Review是一种详尽综述性的文章类型,主要回顾和总结某一领域内的大量研究成果,以系统性的方式评估和综合现有的文献。

这类文章的目的是为读者提供对该领域广泛了解。

Review的篇幅往往很长,可以超过30页。

5. Feature Article(专题文章):Feature Article是JACS中的一类重要文章,它涉及到某一研究领域的深入探讨并提供了新的见解。

j. am. chem. soc.的文章类型 -回复

j. am. chem. soc.的文章类型 -回复

j. am. chem. soc.的文章类型-回复首先,需要明确的是,j. am. chem. soc. 是《美国化学学会杂志》(Journal of the American Chemical Society)的简称。

作为一个高影响力的学术期刊,它涉及的文章类型非常广泛,覆盖了化学领域的各个方向。

下面以中括号内的内容为主题,我们来一步一步回答和解析这个问题。

[文章类型]:以这个主题为基础,我们可以选择一种比较通用的文章类型进行分析,例如综述文章(review article)。

综述文章通常对某个领域的最新进展和研究成果进行总结和评述,把相关文献进行归类整理,可以为该领域的学者提供一个全面的概览及从中获得灵感和启发。

在综述文章中,我们可以对该主题进行全面的研究回顾、对比、综合和分析,以期帮助读者了解并深入探讨该主题。

下面是一份可能的文章大纲:Ⅰ. 引言A. 引入主题:介绍[文章类型] 这个主题的研究背景和意义B. 论述目的:说明本文的目的和构成Ⅱ. 研究历史与进展A. 回顾过去:通过文献回顾,介绍过去在[文章类型] 方面的研究和发展情况B. 当前挑战:讨论目前研究领域的挑战和问题Ⅲ. [文章类型]方法与技术A. 介绍常用的[文章类型] 实验方法和技术B. 分析这些方法和技术的优缺点Ⅳ. [文章类型]应用与前景A. 阐述[文章类型] 在不同领域的应用案例B. 展望[文章类型] 的未来发展方向和可能的研究热点Ⅴ. 结论A. 总结本文的主要内容和观点B. 强调[文章类型] 的重要性和潜在的贡献在这份大纲的基础上,我们可以逐步展开文章内容,提取相关文献进行综述,并且可以加入自己的观点和分析。

总体而言,一篇关于[文章类型] 主题的综述文章应该具备以下特点:全面回顾、系统综合、观点独特、观点支持。

通过这样的文章,我们可以向读者传达对该主题的全面理解和深入见解,并为进一步研究和创新性思考提供思路和基础知识。

需要注意的是,以上仅仅是对一种可能的文章类型进行解析和概述,并不能代表所有的j. am. chem. soc. 文章类型。

chemistry - a european journal 评价

chemistry - a european journal 评价

chemistry - a european journal 评价Chemistry - A European Journal is a highly regarded scientific journal in the field of chemistry. It publishes high-quality research articles, reviews, and highlights related to all areas of chemistry. The journal aims to provide a platform for scientists to share their findings and contribute to the advancement of the field.One of the strengths of Chemistry - A European Journal is the rigorous peer-review process that ensures the scientific accuracy and quality of the published articles. The journal also has a strong editorial board consisting of renowned experts in various subfields of chemistry, which further enhances the credibility and relevance of the published research.Furthermore, Chemistry - A European Journal covers a wide range of topics within the field of chemistry, including organic, inorganic, analytical, physical, and theoretical chemistry. This interdisciplinary approach allows researchers from different areas to find relevant and insightful articles in their respective fields of interest.The journal also places a strong emphasis on the clear and concise presentation of research findings, making it accessible to a wider audience. This is facilitated through the use of graphics, figures, and tables, which aid in understanding complex concepts and experimental data.Overall, Chemistry - A European Journal is highly regarded in the scientific community for its high-quality research articles, comprehensive coverage of chemistry topics, and rigorous peer-review process. It is considered a valuable resource for researchers, educators, and professionals in the field of chemistry.。

科技论文写作与文献检索大作业

科技论文写作与文献检索大作业

《科技论文写作与文献检索》综合大作业(参照稿件)课题名称:汽车无级自动变速器控制系统的现状研究专业:班级:学号:姓名:完成时间:年月日评分体系及项目得分评分项目及其要求项目得分1.课题剖析准确(05分)得分:2.选择和使用工具书(检索系统)的情况(45分):(1)选择检索工具、系统(数据库)的种类[至少5种,其中必有一种外文数据库] (5分)得分:(2)查的文献条目的数量(至少15条,至少包括2篇外文原文) (15分)得分:(3)外文文摘的翻译情况(至少翻译一篇)(05分)得分:(4)综合运用所选检索系统(数据库)的各种检索途径或制订检索策略的能力(05分)得分:(5)所查检索条目查准率情况(检索条目与选择课题的针对性评价,每查准一条1分)(15分)得分:3.文献综述的撰写(50分)(1)综述中引用文献的代表性、可靠性和科学性(5分)得分:(2)文献综述结构完整、内容全面,完成质量较高(30分)得分:(3)摘要翻译准确(10分)得分:(4)文献综述格式符合我院毕业设计(论文)阶段的格式规范要求(5分)得分:总得分:课题名称:汽车无级自动变速器控制系统的现状研究一、分析研究课题1.背景分析:金属带式无级自动变速器(Continuously VariableTransmission,简称为CVT)能根据车辆行驶条件自动连续变化速比,使发动机按最佳燃油经济性曲线或最佳动力性曲线工作。

无级变速传动是一种理想的传动方式,自汽车诞生以来一直是人们追求的目标。

它与常规变速传动相比可以显著提高汽车的燃油经济性,改善汽车的动力性和乘坐舒适性,降低发动机的排放污染等优点。

20年来,尤其是近年CVT作为传动技术正在以更快的速度在欧洲并向世界各国扩展,引起越来越多的汽车制造厂家的关注并已被投入批量生产,有着广阔的发展空间。

自动变速器主要有电液控制系统、机液控制系统等几种类型。

2.需要解决的问题:(1)汽车无级自动变速器控制系统概念、类型、功用等。

stem cell reviews and reports under review -回复

stem cell reviews and reports under review -回复

stem cell reviews and reports under review -回复Stem Cell Reviews and Reports: A Comprehensive ReviewIntroduction:Stem cell research has generated significant interest and excitement in the scientific community and the general public alike. The potential of stem cells to treat a wide range of diseases and injuries has sparked numerous investigations and clinical trials. In this article, we will delve into the realm of stem cell reviews and reports, exploring their significance, current state, and potential impact.1. What are Stem Cell Reviews and Reports?Stem Cell Reviews and Reports (SCRR) is a reputable scientific journal that publishes articles related to stem cell research, including reviews, reports, and original research. These publications provide an in-depth analysis and critical evaluation of the latest advancements in stem cell science. The primary aim of SCRR is to bridge the gap between basic stem cell research and clinical applications, fostering a dialogue that promotes the translation of scientific knowledge into therapeutic interventions.2. Significance of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports:Stem Cell Reviews and Reports play a vital role in the dissemination of knowledge within the stem cell field. They serve as a platform for scholars to present their findings, theories, and experimental data. These publications undergo a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the accuracy, validity, and reliability of the information presented. By publishing comprehensive reviews and reports, SCRR helps researchers and clinicians stay up-to-date with the latest discoveries and advances in the field.3. Current State of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports:The field of stem cell research is rapidly expanding, and SCRR reflects this growth. It covers a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from stem cell biology and differentiation to regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports also addresses the ethical, legal, and social implications of stem cell research. Furthermore, the journal emphasizes the importance of the translational research, seeking to bridge the gap between laboratory findings and clinical applications.4. Topics Covered in Stem Cell Reviews and Reports:SCRR encompasses a diverse range of topics within the stem cell field. These include:a. Stem Cell Biology: Reviewing the fundamental aspects of stem cell biology, such as stem cell identification, characteristics, and behavior.b. Stem Cell Differentiation: Exploring the mechanisms involved in stem cell differentiation and specialization into specific cell types.c. Stem Cell Therapy: Evaluating the use of stem cells in therapeutic interventions for various diseases and injuries, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular conditions, and spinal cord injuries.d. Tissue Engineering: Investigating the application of stem cells in tissue engineering approaches to create functional, artificial tissues and organs.e. Stem Cell Ethics: Addressing the ethical considerations surrounding stem cell research, including the use of embryonic stem cells, cloning, and informed consent.5. Potential Impact of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports:Stem Cell Reviews and Reports have the potential to significantly impact the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of thefield, these publications facilitate collaborations, inspire new research directions, and help identify potential gaps in knowledge. Moreover, these reviews and reports serve as a valuable resource for policymakers and funding agencies, aiding in the formulation of evidence-based guidelines and decisions.Conclusion:Stem Cell Reviews and Reports serve as a crucial platform for disseminating knowledge and promoting the translation of stem cell research into clinical applications. With an extensive range of topics covered, these publications help scientists and clinicians stay abreast of the latest advancements in the field. Moving forward, the impact of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports is expected to continue driving progress in stem cell research and regenerative medicine, ultimately benefiting patients worldwide.。

the educational review usa ssci

the educational review usa ssci

the educational review usa ssciThe Educational Review USASSCIThe Educational Review USA is a prestigious scholarly journal published by the American Educational Research Association (AERA). The journal focuses on issues of education in the United States and covers a wide range of topics, including curriculum and instruction, educational administration and policy, educational research and evaluation, and school improvement.The journal regularly publishes empirical research related to a broad range of topics in American education. These topics include the effects of educational reforms on student outcomes, the impact of socio-economic and cultural factors on educational attainment, school choice policies, learning theories, testing and assessment, and the effectiveness of various instructional strategies.The Editorial Board of The Educational Review USA is composed of leading scholars in the field of American education. The board consists of experts from universities and research centers across the United States and represents the diversity of the American educational landscape.The Educational Review USA is indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), which is an important measure of journal quality. It has consistently earned a 'High' impact rating from the Journal of Citation Reports and is widely regarded as a highly respected source of educational research. The journal is available in both print and electronic formats. It is also available online as a part of the larger AERA Online database.。

7. The Law of Frustration and Force Majeure Clause

7. The Law of Frustration and Force Majeure Clause

The Effect of Frustration

If there is frustration then neither party is liable to the other party for damage or loss resulting from the frustrating event. Frustration occurs as a matter of law irrespective of the wishes of one or more of the parties. If the court is satisfied that the facts constitute frustration there is no need for either party to declare formally that there is frustration. If there is frustration the contract is terminated automatically and neither party has an option to continue the contract.

“the Music Hall having ceased to exist, without fault of either party, both parties are excused, the claimants from taking the gardens and paying the money, the defendants from performing their promise to give the use of the hall and gardens.”

prize issue clarification -回复

prize issue clarification -回复

prize issue clarification -回复"Prize Issue Clarification: Understanding the Basics"Introduction:In today's world, prizes play a significant role in various fields, ranging from sports and academics to science and arts. However, understanding the intricacies of prize issues is essential to ensure transparency, fairness, and legitimacy. In this article, we will explore the topic of prize issues in detail, providing a step-by-step clarification to help readers gain a comprehensive understanding of this subject.Step 1: Defining a Prize:To begin, let us first establish what a prize entails. A prize is defined as an award or honor given to an individual or group in recognition of outstanding achievements or contributions in a specific field. Prizes can vary in nature, including monetary rewards, trophies, certificates, or even public recognition, depending on the context and purpose of the award.Step 2: Understanding the Purpose:Prizes serve multiple purposes depending on the field and context in which they exist. They can be used to motivate and encourage excellence, spur innovation, promote healthy competition, celebrate achievements, and foster progress within a field or industry. Understanding the purpose of a prize is crucial in comprehending the prize issue.Step 3: The Prize Selection Process:The selection process for prizes varies widely depending on the organizers and the significance of the prize. In general, the procedure consists of the following steps:a) Call for Nominations: The organizers invite nominations from individuals or organizations that meet the eligibility criteria for the specific prize. These nominations can be self-nominations or nominations made by others.b) Evaluation and Selection: Once the nominations are received, a jury, panel of experts, or selection committee carefully evaluateseach nominee based on predetermined criteria. This evaluation involves a thorough examination of the achievements, contributions, and merits of the nominees.c) Deliberation and Decision-making: The evaluators or jury members deliberate on the strengths and weaknesses of each nominee and ultimately make a decision regarding the winner(s) of the prize. The decision-making process typically includes intense discussions, voting, or consensus-building among the individuals involved.d) Announcement of the Results: After the decision has been made, the results are announced publicly, and the winners are informed formally, often accompanied by a public ceremony or event to celebrate their achievements.Step 4: Ensuring Transparency and Fairness:Transparency and fairness are paramount in any prize-related matter. To ensure these principles are upheld, certain measures can be implemented, including:a) Clear Guidelines and Criteria: Establishing explicit guidelines and selection criteria for the prize, which are made available to both the nominators and nominees, can promote transparency and fairness.b) Independent Evaluation: Including independent and impartial experts as part of the evaluation process can help minimize biases and conflicts of interest.c) Confidentiality of the Process: Maintaining the confidentiality of the evaluation and decision-making process until the winners are officially announced eliminates any potential undue influence on the selection process.d) Appeals Mechanism: Offering an appeals mechanism for aggrieved nominees, ensuring they have an opportunity to present their case or challenge the decision in case of any perceived irregularity.Step 5: The Aftermath of Prize Issuance:After a prize is issued, there are several aspects that need to be taken into account, such as:a) Utilization of the Prize: Winners of monetary prizes often have the freedom to decide how to utilize the funds. It is important to clarify any specific conditions or restrictions that may be associated with the prize to prevent misuse.b) Public Recognition: Public recognition of the winners through media coverage, events, or publication of their achievements not only acknowledges their hard work but can also inspire others to strive for excellence.c) Long-term Impact: Evaluating the long-term impact of the prize on the recipients, their field, and society as a whole is essential. This assessment can help ascertain the effectiveness of the prize and identify areas for improvement in future editions.Conclusion:Understanding the prize issue entails comprehending the fundamental concepts of prizes, their purposes, selection processes, ensuring transparency and fairness, and considering the aftermathof prize issuance. By unraveling these steps one by one, we gain a better understanding of the significance and complexities associated with prize-giving, which in turn enables us to recognize and appreciate the achievements of individuals and groups who push boundaries and contribute to society's progress.。

chemical reviews模板 -回复

chemical reviews模板 -回复

chemical reviews模板-回复chemical reviews模板是一种用于撰写化学领域综述文章的格式。

本文将以使用该模板为主题,回答相关问题。

在化学领域,综述文章对于整合和总结已有研究成果、发现问题并提出解决方案非常重要。

2. 什么是chemical reviews模板chemical reviews模板是由化学领域著名期刊Chemical Reviews提供的一种文稿格式。

该模板通过标准化的结构和排版要求,帮助作者逐步撰写系统综述文章,包括引言、综述主题概述、详细内容、结论和参考文献等部分。

3. 使用chemical reviews模板的步骤步骤1:选择适合的主题在使用chemical reviews模板之前,作者应选择一个合适的主题。

该主题应具有足够的研究基础和相关文献,以确保能撰写出有实质性内容的综述文章。

步骤2:撰写引言引言部分需要提供对于该领域的背景知识和重要性的介绍。

此外,引言还应明确论文的主题和研究目标。

步骤3:综述主题概述在这一部分,作者应简要概述综述中所涉及的主题。

应提供清晰的章节结构,以便读者能够了解全文的组织结构。

步骤4:详细内容在详细内容部分,作者应详细叙述每个主题的相关研究进展、理论模型、实验数据等。

针对每个主题,应提供足够的文献支持和综述。

步骤5:结论结论部分是综述文章的核心。

在此部分,作者应总结各章节的主要发现和问题,并提出对未来研究方向的展望。

此外,作者还可以根据综述内容讨论该领域存在的挑战和可能的解决方案。

步骤6:参考文献在综述文章中,提供合适的参考文献非常重要。

作者应根据chemical reviews模板的要求,在文末列出所有引用的文献,并按照规定的格式进行编号和排列。

4. 使用chemical reviews模板的好处使用chemical reviews模板撰写综述文章的好处在于,它提供了一个系统化的框架,有助于作者逐步组织自己的思路和文稿。

公交定位签约流程

公交定位签约流程

公交定位签约流程Bus Positioning Contracting ProcessInitial Contact: The client contacts our company expressing interest in our bus positioning services. This can be done through various channels such as email, phone, or in-person meetings.Needs Assessment: We conduct a thorough needs assessment with the client to understand their specific requirements and expectations regarding bus positioning solutions. This may involve discussions about the size of their fleet, desired features, budget constraints, etc.Proposal Submission: Based on the information gathered during the needs assessment, we prepare and submit a detailed proposal outlining our recommended bus positioning solution, including features, pricing, timeline, and any other relevant terms and conditions.Negotiation: We engage in negotiations with the client to address any questions, concerns, or modifications they may have regarding the proposed solution. This stage may involve multiplerounds of discussions to reach a mutually acceptable agreement.Contract Drafting: Once the terms are finalized, we draft a formal contract outlining the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of both parties regarding the provision of bus positioning services. The contract includes details such as service scope, duration, payment terms, termination clauses, etc.Review and Approval: The draft contract is reviewed by both parties to ensure accuracy and clarity of terms. Any necessary revisions are made, and once both parties are satisfied, the contract is approved for signing.Signing: The finalized contract is signed by authorized representatives from both our company and the client, indicating their agreement to the terms and conditions outlined therein.Implementation: Upon contract signing, we initiate the implementation process for the bus positioning solution as per the agreed timeline. This may involve installation of hardware, software setup, training sessions, and other necessary activities.Monitoring and Support: We provide ongoing monitoring and support services to ensure the smooth operation of the bus positioning system. This includes troubleshooting technical issues, providing user assistance, and addressing any concerns raised by the client.Contract Renewal: As the contract approaches its expiration date, we proactively engage with the client to discuss renewal options and any necessary updates or modifications to the existing agreement.公交定位签约流程初步联系:客户通过电子邮件、电话或面谈等多种渠道联系我们公司,表达对我们公交定位服务的兴趣。

Fuel Genius User Guide

Fuel Genius User Guide

Fuel Genius User Guide The Fast, Safe and Flexible OnlineFleet Management ToolReal-time access withTable of ContentsFuel Genius Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Logging in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Manage Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Add User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 User Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7 User Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-9 Resetting Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Language Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Customizing Quick Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Card Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Card Detail Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Card Prompt Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-16 Validations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Card Limit Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Policy Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Viewing Available Credit Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Cash Advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Cash Advance Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 One Time Cash History Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Money Codes for FP Solutions Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23-25 Override Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-27 Manage Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28-29 Available Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-31 Current Pricing Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32-33 Scheduled Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34-35 IRVING 24 Amenities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Fuel Genius Overview The Fast, Safe, and Flexible Online Fleet ManagementToolFuel Genius gives you complete, real-time access to the vital account information you need to keep your fleet on the road. Review transactions, validate purchases, set purchasing policies, issue money codes, create customized reports and more. With Fuel Genius you have the secure tools you need to manage your IRVING 24 account and protect against unauthorized card use and fraud.New Features for Better Fleet ManagementFuel Genius puts you in the driver’s seat with all-new advanced features to better manage your fleet:•F ind names, card IDs, and a variety of other information quickly• Stay informed with up-to-date listings of all participating locations• Set or change restrictions anytime online - in real-time!• D ownload all data easily to either print or export into Excel or other familiar formats• See live, 24/7 real-time reporting• S et up your account the way you want with individualized account menus and subject matterThe Benefits of Fuel Genius•D ecrease fueling costs, operational expenses, and driver hassles by choosing the fueling network that’s right for your fleet•R eign in expenses by setting purchasing policies for individual, teams, groups, or an entire fleet based on dollar amount, fuel volume, or time• Customize your fleet reports for specific individuals or groups• I ncrease security or limit access anytime by assigning passwords to individuals or multiple users• See live, 24/7 real-time reporting• S et up your account the way you want with individualized account menus and subject matterYou may log in using either your User/Carrier ID or your card number, and your valid account password. Both fields are case sensitive. If you need to retrieve your account ID or other account information please call our Customer Care team at 800.561.2447.Please note: For security purposes Fuel Genius will log you out after a period of inactivity. Should this happen you will be asked to re-enter your logon information.After clicking Add User a User Details screen will display. All fields marked with an asterisk are required. Once all details have been entered, click the Save button.You can also access this screen after a user has been created by clicking on the Permissions icon for that user in the Manage Users screen.A description of available permissions is located on the next page.User PermissionsAvailable Credit Allows user to view customers credit limit and thecurrent amount of available credit (real-time).Cash Advance Allows user to apply emergency cash to a driver’s card,up to $500 or to set up cash advance as a policy forall cards to be rolled over at a specified time (daily/weekly/etc.)Cash Load Report The user will be able to pull a report on all cashadvances that have been loaded on the account,specific to date. They are able to check all cards or aspecific card. This report will also provide which userloaded the cash.CPNR Current Pricing Report The user will be able to check their daily IRVING 24 cardlock price in the US and Canada.Driver Messaging This option allows the user to send a message to aspecific card or to all the cards on the account. Whenthe driver fuels up the message will print out at thebottom of the receipt. The user can set how often s/hewants the message to be displayed and can remove itat any timeFuel Detail Report The user will be able to run a report that breaks downall the different fuel products purchased and totalamount spent on each.Issued Money Codes Report This report allows the user to keep track of all the issued money code numbers. This report is useful when wanting to see if there are money codes that haven’t been used so that they can be voided.Manage Cards Users will have access to view and edit cardinformation, update limits, products, manage policies,delete cards, and activate new cards.Manage Groups Users will have access to set up new user groups andedit existing groups for the Fuel Genius account. Manage Policies Allows user to set up to 9 different policies (withdifferent spending limits and prompts) on the accountwhich cards can then be assigned to.Manage Users Users with this access can add new users, setpermissions and groups, and delete users.Money Code Report User will have ability to look up transaction information related to a specific money code reference number (these are assigned when money codes are created).User PermissionsMoney Code Use Report Allows the user to obtain a report on the usage of used money codes by date. User has “match by” option features such as looking up only reference numbers, check number, issued to, or issued by.Money Codes This option allows the user to create a money codeto be used with one of our FPS Solutions Checks. Thechecks are in USD and there is a maximum of $1,500per check.One Time Cash Advance Report Allows user to look up cash advance history on a specific card by dateOne Time Cash Advance Report - All Cards Allows user to see cash advance history as well as any dollar amounts remaining on cards. User can also remove excess cash amounts remaining on cards.Scheduled Reports Users can set reports to be run daily, weekly, or monthly and to be automatically delivered via email to a specified address.Statement Report User can view IRVING 24 detail by card or summarystatement.Transaction Export User can upload transaction information by selecting dates and choosing the format in which they want to save the report.Transaction Report This report has been upgraded to provide the user with more display features and a selection of format types. For example, the user may choose to show taxes or discount, show the grand total only, or show entire card number. They may also choose to save the report as an excel, .csv, or .txt file.Volume by State Report User can pull a report to view by product and then by gallons/litre volumes by state or province.If you need to add an existing user to a group you may do so from the Manage User screens. Simply select the Groups icon for the user that you would like to manage.Once this temporary password has been created the user can log on and proceed to the Profile section where a new permanent password can be created.To ad a new prompt click the Add Prompt button. In the Add Prompt window select the prompt that you would like to add and click Next.As a guideline, the most popular Prompts among IRVING 24 customers are:•B illing ID•Driver Name•Odometer•P ersonal ID Number (automatically assigned to cardholders in Canada)•SubFleet IdentifierValidationsAlphabetic Letters onlyAlpha-Numeric Letters and numbersNumeric Numbers onlyReport Only Information show up only on reporting/statement. This is commonly used with the BillingID, Driver Name, Unit Number, and SubFleetUsed widely with Personal ID and Unit Number.The driver will have to input the exact charactersin order to successfully process the transaction.Next button to apply the newTo add a new limit click the Add Limit button (If you do not see an Add Limit button make sure your Limit box is set to either Card or Both and select Save). In the Add Limit window select the limit that you would like to add and click Next.As a guideline, the most popular Limits among IRVING 24 customers are:•Additives•Oil Change•Anti-Freeze•Restaurant•Cash Advance•Reefer•R estaurant/Deli•Weigh Scale FeeTo change the policy that a specific card is assigned to you must go to the Manage Cards page and select the new policy from the Card Detail area.You will be able to view the contract status, original and daily credit limits and the amount of available credit. You will also see the credit manager’s name and contact information.Click the card on which you’d like to add the cash advance and you’ll be taken to the One Time Cash entry screen. From here you can add the amount that you would like to add to or remove from the card by entering a monetary value in the Amount field and clicking either Add Cash or Remove Cash.Enter the amount that you would like set as the limit in the Amount field and in the Hours field enter either 24 if you would like the limit to be per day, or 168 if you would like the limit to be per week. Then click the Finish button.In the One Time Cash History screen input the Start Date and End Date for the time period that you would like to view history for. The card number field will be automatically populated with your card number. Select the output format in the View Format Type drop-down menu. Available options are PDF, CSV, Excel,Text, Rich Text, Postscript, and XML. Click the Submit button to generate the report.Note: The maximum amount per money code is $1,500 US dollars. To void an unused money code or cancel a used check/money code call our toll free customer care line at 800.561.2447.Money Code ReportTo run a money code report select Reports/Exports and then Money Code Report from the Select Program drop-down menu. Select whether you would like to create a Scheduled Report, or run a one time only Immediate Report. Enter the appropriate reference number into the Money Code Reference field, select your preferred report format from the View Format Type drop-down list, and click Submit to generate the report.Note: Money Code Reference numbers can be found by viewing the Money Code History.The optional Match By fields will allow you to tailor your report to specific transactions. Alternatively, you can leave these fields blank to view all transactions within the date range entered. Choose your preferred format from the View Format Type drop-down menu and click Submit to run your report.In the Override Card window you can select how many times you would like to override the card. If you select 3, this would allow the card to be used beyond its set limits the next 3 times it is used.Note: Typically for a site 2 overrides are required. One for the driver to fuel and another for the driver to get the receipt in the store, if needed.Select the permissions that you would like the group to have from the Inactive Permissions box. To select more than one item hold the CTRL key while you click. The click the Add Role button.In the Edit Roles Parameter Value box enter the new parameter value in the Value field and click Save.A list of all available reports will display.•C ash Load Report allows the user to see all cash advances loaded on the account, specific to date. The user is able to check all cards or a specific card. This report will also provide which user loaded the cash.•F uel Detail Report allows the user to run a report that breaks down all the different fuel products purchased and total amount spent on each.•I ssued Money Code Report allows the user to keep track of all theissued money code numbers. This report is useful when wanting to see if there are money codes that haven’t been used so that they can be voided.•M oney Code Report (see page 21)•M oney Code Use Report (see page 22)•C ash Advance Report / One Time Cash History Report (seepage 19)•O ne Time Cash Report - All Cards allows the user to see cashAvailable Reports•I rving Statement Report allows the user to view IRVING 24 detail by card or summary statement. This report is only available if you choose to have your statements sent to the Fuel Genius application. To change the delivery preference of your statement please call our toll free number (800.561.2447) and request the change with one of our Customer Care Representatives.•T ransaction Export allows the user to upload transaction information by selecting dates and choosing the format in which to save the report. Available report formats for the Transaction Export report are:•Comdata•Comdata FPS•Comma delimited•Extended comma delimited•Canadian comma delimited•Standard third party•Comdata TCH•Excel•T ransaction Report has been upgraded to provide the user with moredisplay features and a selection of format types. For example, the user may choose to show taxes or discount, show the grand total only, or show entire card number. They may also choose to save the report as an excel, .csv, or .txt file.•V olume by State Report allows the user to pull a report to view byproduct and then by gallons/litre volumes by state or province.•C PNR > CPNR Current Pricing Report allows the user to check their daily IRVING 24 cardlock price in the US and Canada.In the CPNR Current Pricing Report box that is presented, Select Canada or United States from the Country drop-down list. Next select the format in which you would like to see the report. Available options are PDF, CSV, Excel, Text, Rich Text, Postscript, and XML. Once you have selected the format click the Current Customer Network Pricing Report button to view your report.On the schedule job screen you will need to select how often you’d like to receive the report. Your options are Daily, Weekly, or Monthly. If you select Weekly you will need to select the day of the week you’d like the report to run. If you select Monthly you will need to select the day on which you would like to receive the report each month.You will need to provide a description of your report in the Description field. An example of report description could be Weekly Cash Advance Report.Contact UsIRVING 24 Contact NumbersContact Customer Service for assistance with the Fuel Genius program: Phone: 1.800.561.2447, Option 1, Option 0Fax: 506.202.5713Email:**********************Contact our Credit team for questions regarding your payments or credit line.Phone: 1.800.561.2447, Option 1, Option 0Fax: 506.649.0872Email:**********************Contact Account Management for pricing report inquiries or if you are unsure of who to call.Phone: 1.800.561.2447, Option 1, Option 0Fax: 506.202.5713Email:**********************1 Germain Street, Suite 4 | Saint John, NB E2I 4K1 | 800.561.2447 190 Commerce Way | Portsmouth, NH 03801 | 800.544.1120。

全篇合同评审建议书英文版

全篇合同评审建议书英文版

全篇合同评审建议书英文版Comprehensive Contract Review RecommendationsDear [Client],I have conducted a thorough review of the contract provided and have identified several key areas that require attention. Below are my recommendations for amendments and revisions to ensure your interests are protected:1. Clarity and Consistency: The contract should be drafted in clear and concise language to avoid any ambiguity or confusion. Ensure that terms are defined consistently throughout the document.2. Scope of Work: Clearly outline the scope of work to be performed by both parties, including deliverables, timelines, and any specific requirements. This will help prevent disputes over responsibilities.3. Payment Terms: Specify the payment terms, including the amount, method of payment, and any milestones or deadlines. Ensure that invoicing procedures are clearly outlined to avoid payment delays.4. Intellectual Property Rights: Clearly define ownership of any intellectual property created during the term of the contract. Include provisions for licensing or transfer of rights if necessary.5. Confidentiality and Non-Disclosure: Include robust confidentiality and non-disclosure provisions to protect sensitive information shared between the parties. Clearly outline the scope of confidentiality and any exceptions.6. Termination Clause: Include a termination clause that outlines the circumstances under which the contract can be terminated by either party, as well as any consequences of early termination.7. Dispute Resolution: Specify the process for resolving disputes, whether through mediation, arbitration, or litigation. Include a choice oflaw clause to determine which jurisdiction's laws will govern the contract.8. Indemnification: Include provisions for indemnification to protect against liabilities, losses, and damages arising from the performance of the contract. Clearly outline the scope of indemnification and any limitations.9. Insurance Requirements: Specify any insurance requirements that must be maintained by either party during the term of the contract. Include provisions for providing proof of insurance coverage.10. Amendment and Modification: Include provisions for amending or modifying the contract, including the process for obtaining consent from both parties. Ensure that any amendments are documented in writing.These recommendations are intended to serve as a guide for improving the contract and protecting your interests. I recommendreviewing the contract with legal counsel to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations.Please let me know if you have any questions or require further assistance.Sincerely,[Your Name]。

福特豪华车辆保养计划参与者-零件购买权限说明书

福特豪华车辆保养计划参与者-零件购买权限说明书

Ford Fleet Care Consolidated BillingActive Fleet customers participating in the Ford Fleet Care Program have billing privileges for parts purchases using their 11 character Billing Account Number.Verify Billing Account StatusAccess website then sign in. Click the "MyFleetCare" tab. Then select from the drop down "Parts Purchase Program".Select the: Parts Purchas Program Enrolled Fleetslink to verify if the fleet is an active participantVerify:If the fleet is listed on the file and the fleet is anactive participant and is eligible.If the fleet is not listed, the fleet is not eligible forbilling privileges. Payment arrangements for theparts purchase should be made directly with thefleet account.Obtain Approval from the Fleet ContactFor wholesale parts transactions, all purchases must be approved by the Fleet accountcontact including any applicable CORE or freight charges.Bill Authorized Purchases via Ford Fleet CarePresent the Parts Department invoice to the Business Office or claim entry activity used byyour dealership for invoicing to Ford Fleet Care.Detailed instructions on how to submit for payment are available in the “Dealer ProgramManual”from www.fleetcare.ford.co m, after sign in select the “MyFleet C are” tab, select“Manuals and Guides” or contact Ford Fleet Care Program Headquarters for assistance.For additional assistance or claiming questions contactFord Fleet Program Headquarters at 1-800-367-3221 or *****************Dealer Procedures for Consolidated Billing Revision Date: December 2019。

chemical reviews模板 -回复

chemical reviews模板 -回复

chemical reviews模板-回复以下是一篇关于"Chemical Reviews模板"的文章:-Chemical Reviews模板Chemical Reviews是化学领域最受重视的期刊之一,其模板是研究人员撰写文稿时必不可少的参考工具。

本文将一步一步回答关于Chemical Reviews模板的问题,帮助读者了解如何使用该模板。

1. 什么是Chemical Reviews模板?Chemical Reviews模板是由Chemical Reviews期刊提供的用于撰写学术论文的标准格式。

这个模板不仅给出了论文的整体结构,还规定了标题、字体风格、段落格式等细节要求。

使用该模板可以使文稿具有统一的外观和清晰的层次结构。

2. 如何获得Chemical Reviews模板?Chemical Reviews模板可以在该期刊的官方网站上免费获取。

在网站的“作者指南”或“投稿页面”中,你可以找到一个链接或下载按钮,使你能够下载最新的Chemical Reviews模板文件。

下载后,你将能够直接打开该文件并开始编辑你的文稿。

3. Chemical Reviews模板的主要部分是什么?Chemical Reviews模板由几个主要部分组成,包括题目、作者信息、摘要、引言、实验方法、结果和讨论等。

每个部分都有特定的格式和要求,你应该按照模板的指示进行撰写,确保遵守所有要求。

- 题目:在模板中,你应该使用大号字体并居中显示论文的题目。

此外,你还需在论文标题下方提供作者姓名和所属机构。

- 摘要:摘要应该清楚、简明地介绍论文的主要内容和研究结果。

在Chemical Reviews模板中,摘要应该位于标题下方,使用小号字体书写,长度约为150字左右。

- 引言:引言部分通常包括了对研究背景、目的和意义的介绍。

在模板中,引言要求你列举相关的先前研究,概述你的研究目标,并指出该研究的重要性。

- 实验方法:实验方法详细描述了你的实验设计和操作步骤。

have any interest suggested reviewers

have any interest suggested reviewers

have any interest suggested reviewers
答案:有兴趣的审稿人建议
分析:这句话的意思是:有兴趣的审稿人建议。

它出现在学术期刊或会议中,通常出现在邀请审稿人参与审稿的过程中。

在这句话中,“have any interest”表示审稿人对这个项目或论文有兴趣,愿意投入时间和精力进行审稿。

而“suggested reviewers”则表示建议的审稿人,也就是说,期刊或会议编辑希望有这些审稿人参与审稿。

作为审稿人,需要具备对该领域或该论文的专业知识和经验,能够对论文的质量和学术价值做出客观、准确的评价。

同时,审稿人还需要具备高度的责任心和公正性,对论文中的不足和错误提出建设性的意见和建议,帮助作者提高论文质量。

在审稿过程中,审稿人需要仔细阅读论文,了解论文的研究背景、研究方法、结果和结论等内容,并对论文的学术价值、创新性、逻辑性和规范性等方面进行评价。

同时,审稿人还需要对论文中的不足和错误提出具体的意见和建议,帮助作者改进和完善论文。

在审稿结束后,审稿人需要按时提交审稿报告,对论文的质量和学术价值做出客观、准确的评价,并提出具体的意
见和建议。

同时,审稿人还需要对作者回复的意见进行认真回复,进一步沟通和交流。

总之,作为审稿人,需要具备高度的责任心、公正性和专业素养,对论文的质量和学术价值做出客观、准确的评价,并提出具体的意见和建议。

同时,还需要认真对待作者的回复和沟通,进一步沟通和交流。

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保險延續審核條款(Review Clause)
眾所周知,現在國際市場上船殼險的費率已降到最低水平,盡管保險人之間還存在著激烈競爭,但費率已不可能再大幅度下調。

而且再保險市場正在發生回轉,再保險費率的提高,勢必對直接承保市場構成壓力。

保險人要求改變市場現狀的呼聲越來越高。

大多數在國際市場上安排船舶保險的船東,受現實狀況的影響,都在尋求簽訂長期保險合同,以期達到節約保費的目的。

但越來越多的海上保險人,尤其是一些有重要影響的保險人很不情願受超過12個月期限的保險合同制約。

簽訂過長期限(如36個月或以上)合同的保險人往往受到廣泛的批評,而採用共保形式時,此類合同很難找到足夠的保險人支持。

在實務中,為充分滿足各方的要求,我們一般在合同中加入一條Review Clause(本文中暫稱之為“保險延續審核條款”),規定被保險人可以有條件地延長保險合同一定期間,使費率控制在相對穩定的水平,不受市場波動的影響。

以下是我們最近為一個船隊安排續保時使用的Review Clause,供大家參考。

為便於理解,我們對原文的措辭稍作了修改,但中心內容是一致的。

該條款英文如下:
REVIEW CLAUSE
It is hereby noted and agreed that in accordance with policy wording the Assured has option to extend Policy for further 12 months from 1st January 2002. This extension will be subject to the following scale from 1st January 2002:
Loss ratio 50% or less 15% reduction
Loss ratio 51% to 75% in proportion up to 10% reduction
Loss ratio 76% to 90% as expiring
Loss ratio 91% to 100% in proportion up to 7.5% rise
Loss ratio 101% to 120% in proportion up to 15% rise
In excess of 120% 30% rise
The above mentioned loss ratios shall be calculated upon the net statistics between 2000 and 2001 years of account only as at 1st November 2001. In the event of the gross incurred (paid and outstanding claims) loss ratio changing after a reduction or increase has been made in paid
claims due to recovery or in outstanding claims due to adjustment of estimation or in number of outstanding claims due to waiver of discovery, there shall be an immediate adjustment as if the loss ratio was used at the anniversary.
該條款的中文內容大致如下:
保險延續審核條款
茲確認被保險人有權根據保險合同內容將本保險從2002年1月1日起再延長12個月的期限。

此延續,從2002年1月1日起應遵照下列費率表:
賠付率50%或以下降費15%
賠付率51%至75% 按比例,最多降低10%
賠付率76%至90% 依現費率
賠付率91%至100% 按比例,最多提高7.5%
賠付率101%至120% 按比例,最多提高15%
超過120% 費率提高30%
以上所涉及的賠付率應僅根據在2001年11月1日所統計的2000年和2001年保險年度的賠款和淨保費進行計算。

如果根據以上賠付率對費率進行了降低或提高之後,由於對已決賠款的追償,或對未決案件損失預估額的調整,或對未決案件放棄求償權等原因,導致已發生的總賠付率(包括已決和未決案件)發生變化,那麼應立即對費率進行相應調整,就像變更後的賠付記錄在續保時就被使用一樣。

不難看出,合同中加入上述Review Clause之後,保險期限其實延長到36個月,前24個月(以2000年1月1日到2001年12月31日)適用訂立合同時規定的費率,若被保險人選擇延長合同期限12個月那麼在延續期間內(2002年1月1日到2002年12月31日),根據計算出的賠付記錄,適用調整後的費率。

根據實際情況,新費率可升可降,最高漲幅為30%,基本上是穩定的,絲毫不會受當時市場因素的影響。

以下幾個技術方面的問題,希望大家予以注意:
1.條款中規定的“按比例”的情形,請參閱附表。

2. 何時決定是否延續?
國際市場上有在合同終止前60天統計有關數字,安排續保的慣例。

所以在合同規定的原保險期限終止前兩個月,被保險人或其經紀人就可以根據已有資料,確定新費率,並通知保險人延續。

3. 如何計算賠付率?
應將原保險期限內發生的全部保險事故造成的保險賠償(包括已賠付的金額加上未決案件的合理損失預估額)除以淨保費來計算賠付率。

所謂淨保費是指總保費扣減經紀人佣金,各種退費等之後的金額。

4. 關於費率的再調整。

如果據以確定延續期間費率的賠付率由於合同規定的各種原因發生了變化,應立即對新費率進行相應的調整。

最後,我們重申,海上保險合同是經濟合同的一種,雙方當事人依法享有訂約自由。

保險人和被保險人可根據實際情況,對以上條款和其他任何條款進行協商,修改,以滿足各方的要求。

從雙方意思表示一致時起,合同就有效成立,約束雙方當事人。

保險人與被保險人都應嚴格遵守各自合同義務。

在合同規定不明確導致糾紛出現時,雙方也應遵循最大誠信的原則,在維護各方利益的基礎上加以解決。

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