国际商务文化论文

答卷封面(COVER)课程名称（Subject）：国际商务文化编号 (No.)：13-14-2-011159 A系别 (Department): 英语系专业(Major)：姓名(Name)：学号(Student’s Number)：注意事项（Notes）1.考生需按题签将上述有关项目填写清楚2.字迹要清楚，保持卷面清洁。

3.交卷时请将本答卷和题签一起上交，题签作为封面下一页装订。

1、Candidates should fill in the information appropriately.2、Keep the handwriting clear and the paper tidy.3、Candidate should hand in this cover and paper together; the answer sheet should be attached to the cover.机密（Confidential）编号（No.）：13-14-2-011159 A试题（Test）课程名称（Subject）：国际商务文化考核类别（Type of test）：考查课程类别(Type of course) :专业任选课考试形式(Test type) : 论文使用范围（Target group）：2011级商务英语专业1-9班1. Topic List1) A Study on the Cultural Type2) A Study on Cultural Shock and Its Influence on International Business3) A Study on the Significance of Non-verbal Communication in InternationalBusiness.2. Words limit: 1500-2000 words3. Requirements：Each student is required to prepare a term paper on ONE of the topics relevant to the subjects covered in this class. The purpose of the term paper is to demonstrate that students can apply the analysis techniques learned in this class.The paper should be typewritten, paginated, in Time New Roman font, size 12, and must follow the outline shown below.1) Cover page and test page 2) Abstract 3) Body textA Study on the Significance of Non-verbal Communication inInternational BusinessAbstract:Since language has been come into being ,it plays a commanding role asmeans of communication, but not the only means of it. Non-verbal communication takes place with verbal one at the same time in the communication. However, verbal communication conveys the message in a convenient and direct way which makes people depend more on such communicative means while neglect the non-verbal one. So it is not surprising that traditionally language studies have emphasized verbal and written forms, but recently non-verbal communication has received more and more attention and become a young science which is related to many other subjects.The thesis emphasizes the significance of non-verbal communication in international business during business negotiation to make proper negotiation tactics. In view of such a situation, this thesis makes an effort to highlight the non-verbal communication impacts on international business and puts forward several suggestions in reconciling cultural differences in order to make the negotiation develop smoothly.Key words: Non-verbal Communication; Gesture; Culture Differences Introduction: Nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in acommunication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver. The foundation of successful relationships is that we have good communication. In face, research shows that the majority of the messages we send are nonverbal. Meanwhile researchers have shown that the words a person speaks may be far less important than the body language used when delivering the verbal message. Nonverbal communication, or body language, includes our facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture, and even the tone of our voice. Facing more and more conflicts and misunderstandings in the communication with the development of the international business, in order to have a good corporation, we should know the differences of nonverbal communication of different cultures in international business.Main body: Hand and body gestures are often used to emphasize a point and add meaning to the spoken word. When used properly they can be a powerful force in capturing the attention of an audience. But the reverse is also true. You can undermine the message by subconsciously using gestures that send negative signals. As a listener, watching out for the hand movements or body gestures employed by a speaker cangive an interesting insight into the true attitude behind the words. Again, the meaning of some gestures varies greatly according to culture. A study in the US. In 1967 conducted that two scholars found that 93% of the information is communicated by the tone and facial expressions, only 7% of the information conveyed by the language itself. For example, there are three cases, let us together look at and analyze these.In 1959, Khrushchev visited Pakistan. When he left Pakistan, in order to show satisfaction with their leaders and the presence of journalists, he raised his one hand wit h the gesture “Closed Fist”. The second day, several major newspapers in Pakistan published these photos, and then it caused Pakistan civilians’ discontent. This almost become a political even, obviously, the trade between Russia and Pakistan must be failed.American former president Nixon visited to French, when he walked down the ramp, he made a gesture of "OK", this gesture aroused strong resentment among the French people, Nixon eventually apologized to the people of French. Of course, the trade cooperation between them was failed.Three years ago, a British businessman with the secretary to Iran to talk about cooperation. After arriving in Iran, on behalf of the Iran company with contracts let the British businessman look at, after reading it, the British businessman think this contract is very reasonable and fair to both sides, and then he sign an agreement. At the same time, he turned to give his colleagues a big thumbs up. Almost immediately there was a gap and one Iranian executive left the room. The British executive did not have a clue as to what was going on. As you can imagine, Iran did not agree with this cooperation and they promised they would not cooperate with this company in the future.The common point of these three cases is finally failed and they only because of this gesture, they lost opportunities for cooperation with others. But, why these can cause their failures? Briefly speaking, about gestures different countries have different means , for example the gesture as follow ing. Take the gesture “OK”, in America is good or very good. In Japan，it means money. In France，it means zero or worthless. In Tunisia，it means I will kill you. We next one to analyze the reasons for their failure. For the first case, “Closed fist” is an obscene gesture in Pakistan, however, to the America the gesture means exactly the opposite-that a proposal is success, come on and so on.For the second case, the OK sign, with thumb and index finger forming an “O” and an American. However, to the French the gesture means exactly the opposite-that a proposal is absolutely worthless, a zero.For the third case, the explanation was really quite simple. While the thumbs-up gesture means “good, well-played” in Britain, in the Iran culture it is a si gn of highly offensive and “screw you”.The lesson here is simple. Communicating effectively across cultures requires more than understanding the written and spoken language. It involves a basic knowledge of acceptable non-verbal forms of communication within a culture as well. The meaning of non-verbal communication is far more important than the majority of people would think.Conclusion: Understanding non-verbal communication is a true art, because it varies so significantly from culture to culture. According to learning the significance of non-verbal communication in international business, I know it is true that non-verbal communication has important connection with verbal communication. If there is no non-verbal behavior the conversation will not go on well.Gestures can be particularly troublesome, for a slight difference in making the gesture itself can mean something quite different from that intended. A wrong interpretation of a gesture can arouse quite unexpected reactions. Therefore, in private as well as in business life it is not only important to follow the verbal content of a conversation, but also the variety of conscious and unconscious signals of the body, that indicate more information about the actual message desired to be transmitted. Therefore dependent on the quality of understanding the communicated message is also the relationship between the communication persons.In today's society, cross cultural communication among the countries all over the world more and more deeply and widely. In cross cultural communication such, nonverbal communication plays a huge role. Nonverbal communication is an indispensable and important part of the whole communication, nonverbal communication and behavior of different cultural background is different.In our daily life, non-verbal communication is becoming more and more important component. Different countries have different culture, so we must understand the complex non-verbal behavior of people with different education, cultures or social environment.References[1] Fast, J. (2006). Gestures- The Essential Secrets of Non-verbal Communication. New York,NY: MJF Book.[2] 毕继万.跨文化非语言交际[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999.[3] 赵艳萍. 文化与交际[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社，1999.[4] 顾嘉祖，陆昇.语言与文化[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1990.。