现在分词讲解
现在分词用法讲解
一、现在分词:在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。
二、现在分词的基本用法
1. 作表语:表主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing。
2. 作定语:
(1). 表示主动的、进行的状态:The girl wearing blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is wearing blue skirt is my sister. (比较:The factory being built now is a big one.)
(2). 说明被修饰词的性质和特征:This is an interesting story.
(3). 相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开:Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
(4). 与adv. / n. 构成复合词作定语:This is an English-speaking country.
3. 作状语:表示主动的、进行的状态,其逻辑主语是句中的主语。(如果不是,需在v.-ing 形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语: Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.)
语法讲解:现在分词和过去分词的差异
现在分词和过去分词的差异
英语种的分词分两种:现在分词(present participle)和过去分词(past participle)。虽然它们在句子中所作的成分大致相同,但它们在意义上是有区别的。现在从5点加以举例说明。
1. 现在分词是由正在进行时变化而来,所以它一般表示动作是主动的和正在进行的含义;而过去分词是由被动语态和完成时变化而来,所以它一般表示被动的和完成的意思。例如:
The boiling water is hot. (正在沸腾的水)
A sleeping baby is good to look at. (正在熟睡的小孩)
She has a smiling face. (主动的笑容)
You can use the boiled water to make tea. (开过的水)
Where is my lost key? (丢掉的钥匙)
A broken mirror cannot be repaired. (打碎的镜子)
2. 在意义上,现在分词表示主语的动作是让别人有如何如何的感觉;而过去分词是主语自己感到如何如何的意思。例如:
The soccer match last night was thrilling. (足球比赛让人紧张)
The soccer fans were delighted. (球迷自己感到高兴)
This is the most confusing system I have ever seen. (让人迷惑的系统)
The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time. (自己被迷惑了)
现在分词做非谓语动词讲解
现在分词做非谓语动词讲解
分词作为非谓语动词是句子中常见的一种语法结构。分词有两种形式:现在分词(-ing形式)和过去分词(-ed形式)。
现在分词作为非谓语动词时,它可以用来修饰名词或代词,也可以用来表示主动的主语所具有的动作或状态。下面是一些现在分词作为非谓语动词的常见用法和相关参考内容。
1. 现在分词作主语补语
现在分词可以作为主语补语,用来补充解释或说明主语的特征、性质或状态,常见的结构有:
- It/This/That/There/They/We + be + 现在分词
- 名词 + be + 现在分词
例句:
- It is fascinating watching the sunset over the ocean.
- This book is really interesting reading.
参考内容:
- "Grammar in Use" by Raymond Murphy
- "Practical English Usage" by Michael Swan
- "English Grammar in Use" by Raymond Murphy
2. 现在分词作宾语补语
现在分词可以作为及物动词的宾语补语,用来修饰宾语,表示被动的动作或状态。常见的结构有:
- 动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词
例句:
- I found the article quite confusing.
- She considers singing in public a great achievement.
参考内容:
现在分词与过去分词讲解及练习
现在分词与过去分词讲解及练习
-ing分词、-ed分词
一、注意点
1、否定形式(前面加not)
Not given a chance, he felt disappointed.
Not knowing what to do, he turned to me for help.
2、不及物动词、连系动词常用现在分词做定语、状语等;及物动词常用过去分词。There are many events happening in the world everyday.
provide help for the people going hungry.
the remained books
3、现在分词表动作的主动或正在发生;过去分词表动作的被动或已经完成。
the falling/ fallen leaves the boiling/ boiled water the rising/ risen sun
the developed/ developing countries a polluted river a sleeping boy
4、分词不具有名词特征,不可做主语或宾语。(定语、表语、状语、宾补/主补)Participating in various social activities is beneficial to our future. (动名词)
Praised in public made him shy. (错)
Being praised in public made him shy.
二、做定语/表语
现在分词作状语的用法讲解
现在分词作状语的用法讲解
现在分词是英语语法中的一种重要的句法成分,在句子中可以作状语。状语是限制句子的重要成分,可以修饰谓语动词、主语、宾语或整个句子,用来表示动作或状态的方式、过程、时间、条件等。因此,要掌握现在分词作状语的用法是英语句子结构掌握的重要环节。
一、现在分词作状语的构成
在英语中,现在分词作状语是由动词的不定式形式(to do)加上ing组成的。现在分词作状语既可以表示动作发生的正在进行,也可以表示动作发生的频率,强调动作的状语成分。
二、现在分词作状语的用法
1.表示正在进行的动作
现在分词作状语,既可以表示动作的发生,也可以表示动作的进行。表示动作的发生时,现在分词常与表示时间的时间状语一起使用,如these days,today,now等;表示动作的进行,现在分词常与表示动作发生的伴随动作或情况,以及表示动作发生的时间状语一起使用,如while,when,before,after等。例如:
We are studying English while listening to the teacher.
我们在听老师讲话的同时,正在学习英语。
2.表示动作发生的频率
现在分词作状语,也可以用来表示动作发生的频率。此时,现在分词一般与表示动作发生的频率的时间状语,如often,always,seldom,rarely,sometimes,occasionally,hardly,never等一
起使用。例如:
He is always playing computer games.
他总是玩电脑游戏。
分词专项讲解及练习
分词
分词是一种非谓语动词形式。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。分词既具有动词的一些特征,可自带状语,有自己的逻辑主语,现在分词还可以带宾语,有时态和语态的变化。它同时又具有形容词和副词的句法功能.可以作表语、立语、状语,也可以用于复合结构作宾语补足语等。
主动形式被动语态
现在分词一般式doing being done
完成式having done having been done
过去分词一般式done 无
现在分词
一、现在分词的特性:
现在分词:
主动的被动的
一般式
完成时
三.现在分词的功能:
A:做定语(分析分词与的关系)
a.现在分词表示主动及进行的含义,相当于定语从句。
a sleeping boy
a boy sleeping on the bed (= a boy who is sleeping on the bed)
注意:1。单个的现在分词做定语,放在被修饰词的前而,即:前置
现在分词短语做定语,放在被修饰词的后而,即:后置
2。任左语从句中,若关系代词做主语且谓语动词为be动词+分词,则可以把关系代词和be动词一起省略
b.现在分词作定语,表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生,或表示某
个经常的动作或状态一
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
Tlie gentleman staiidmg over tliere is our prmcipal.
注意:1.现在分词完成式一般不做定语。表示发生在位于动词之前的动作,用左语从句。
The girl having won the race is my deskniate.( X )
现在分词用法归纳
现在分词用法归纳
现在分词是一种自然语言处理技术,主要用于将文本中的连续字符切分为具有实际意义的词汇,是文本预处理、词性标注、命名实体识别、情感分析、信息提取、机器翻译、语音识别等任务中重要的基础工具。
文本预处理
文本预处理是现在分词最常用的场景之一,它对文本进行初步的处理,如去除停用词、标点符号和数字等,将文本切分成更小的词汇,为后续的任务提供基础数据。现在分词在文本预处理中具有高效、准确和灵活的特点,可以适应不同的语言和领域。
词性标注
词性标注是指将文本中的每个词标注上其所属的词性,如名词、动词、形容词等。现在分词在词性标注中发挥着重要作用,它将文本切分成词汇后,可以结合语言学知识库和机器学习算法,为每个词汇赋予正确的词性。这有助于提高自然语言处理任务的准确性和效率。
命名实体识别
命名实体识别是指从文本中识别出具有特定意义的实体,如人名、地名、组织名等。现在分词可以帮助命名实体识别算法更准确地识别出实体,提高命名实体识别的准确性和效率。在具体的实现中,现在分词可以切分出文本中的词
汇,为命名实体识别算法提供更细粒度的特征。
情感分析
情感分析是指对文本的情感倾向进行分析,包括情感极性、情感强度等方面。现在分词在情感分析中具有重要的作用,它可以将文本切分成更小的词汇,为情感分析算法提供更细粒度的特征。同时,现在分词还可以将文本中的词语进行情感词典的匹配,从而直接得出文本的情感倾向。
信息提取
信息提取是指从文本中提取出关键信息,如时间、地点、人物等。现在分词在信息提取中扮演着重要的角色,它可以将文本切分成更小的词汇,并根据上下文信息来提取关键信息。例如,在事件抽取中,现在分词可以切分出事件中的动词和其他核心成分,从而有助于确定事件的类型和参与者。
25第二章现在分词与过去分词的区别
25第⼆章现在分词与过去分词的区别
第⼆章 | 现在分词与过去分词的区别今天这篇⽂章是要教⼤家顿悟现在分词和过去分词。
上节课我们学习了不定式和动名词的区别,这节课我们将讲解现在分词和过去分词的区别,依旧采取对⽐分析的⽅式。现在分词和过去分词都可以承担定语、状语、表语和宾语补⾜语这四个成分,但其表达的意思完全不同,同学们要注意甄别。
语法名词:⾮谓语动词、现在分词和过去分词的区别、后置定语、伴随状语、宾语补⾜语
核⼼讲解:
⼀、现在分词做后置定语、伴随状语
1. The train leaving the station is speeding slowly, heading for Beijing.
离开车站的⽕车正缓慢地加速,驶向北京。
这句话中有三个现在分词leaving,speeding和heading,分析句⼦,is speeding 是真正的谓语动词,speeding是“⼥朋友”,is 是“结婚证”,合在⼀起就是“⽼婆”(谓语动词)。leaving the station是现在分词做the train的后置定语,heading for Beijing是现在分词做整个句⼦的伴随状语。实际上,这句话是由下⾯三个句⼦合并⽽来的,其中②句如果是主句,那么①和③就不能再是句⼦,⽽只能去掉the train和is变成定语或状语。⾃然leaving和heading都变成现在分词⽽不再是谓语动词。
①The train is leaving the station.
②The train is speeding slowly.
1 现在分词、过去分词、不定式做状语讲解
现在分词/过去分词/不定式做状语详讲及分析
一.现在分词做状语(表原因,时间,条件,让步,行为方式,伴随状况,现在分词与主句的主语一致,且形成主谓关系,就是说现在分词的动作发出者是主句的主语.
例如:
①Hearing the got excited. (When they heard the news, they got excited.)
现在分词逻辑主语.
从这个例句中看出,现在分词的发出者是主句的主语they,且主句的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系
② She got home, feeling very tired.
逻辑主语现在分词
主句的主语与feeling 形成主谓关系
③Crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. (When I was crossing the road, I saw a girl crying.)
注:当句主句的主语与从句的动词表示动作正在进行.除了省略其连接词
be 动词.
When he was climbing the step, he heard terrible voice.
Because he is a child, he can’t enter into the interbar.
’t enter into the interbar
be 动词的现
在分词形式.即
Being excited, he speaks incoherently.
(Because he is excited, he speaks incoherently.)
现在分词讲解
B.作原因状语:
Knowing _________(know) her address, we could get in touch with her. Because we knew her address, we could get in touch with her.
C.方式/伴随状语; She watched the film, _______ (weep ) and weeping _______ sighing (sigh). She watched the film, while she wept and sighed D.作条件状语: ________ (play) all day, you will waste your Playing valuable time. If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time.
He had a ________ (terrifying, terrified) look in terrified his eyes. The boy answered in a ________ (frightening, frightened frightened) voice.
His son was disappointing . The old man felt unhappy. His son was disappointed , so he regretted not having prepared much for the test.
现在分词教案
现在分词教案
教案标题:探索现在分词的用法和应用
教学目标:
1. 理解现在分词的定义和基本用法;
2. 掌握现在分词在句子中作主语、定语和状语的用法;
3. 能够正确使用现在分词来丰富句子结构和表达意思。
教学准备:
1. 教师准备:教案、教材、多媒体设备;
2. 学生准备:课本、笔记本、笔。
教学过程:
步骤一:导入(5分钟)
1. 教师通过呈现一段包含现在分词的句子,引起学生对现在分词的注意;
2. 教师提问:你们对现在分词有什么了解?它在句子中起什么作用?
步骤二:讲解现在分词的定义和基本用法(10分钟)
1. 教师简要解释现在分词的定义:现在分词是动词的一种形式,常以-ing 结尾;
2. 教师讲解现在分词作主语的用法,例如:Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。)
3. 教师讲解现在分词作定语的用法,例如:The running water is so clear.(流动的水非常清澈。)
4. 教师讲解现在分词作状语的用法,例如:She left the room, slamming the door.(她离开房间时,砰地关上了门。)
步骤三:示范和练习(15分钟)
1. 教师示范使用现在分词的句子,并解释其用法;
2. 学生进行小组讨论,找出教材中的现在分词句子,并解释其用法;
3. 学生个人练习,完成现在分词句子的填空练习。
步骤四:巩固和拓展(10分钟)
1. 学生分组进行现在分词的创意写作,展示自己对现在分词的理解和运用;
2. 教师提供反馈和指导,帮助学生改进写作。
步骤五:总结与评价(5分钟)
高中英语:现在分词专项讲解
高中英语:现在分词专项讲解
【基础回顾】
考点归纳:
1.现在分词时态和语态
2.作定语
3.作表语
4.作宾语补足语
5.with复合结构
6.作状语(和不定式的区别)
7.独立主格结构
8.评述性状语
【基础必读】
一、现在分词时态和语态:
1.否定结构
现在分词的否定式由“not+现在分词”构成。
例:Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help.
她不知道该往哪儿走,就去请警察帮助。(现在分词一般式的否定结构) Not seeing John,I asked where he was.
我看不见约翰,于是问他在何处。(现在分词一般式的否定结构)
Not being seen by anyone,the thief escaped.
那个贼趁无人看见时逃跑了。(现在分词被动式的否定结构)
Not having done it right,I tried again.
我由于没有做对,所以又试了试。(现在分词完成式的否定结构)
2.现在分词一般式
1)现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
例:She sat there reading a novel.
她坐在那里看小说。
A little child learning to walk often falls.
学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
2)现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生。
例:Going into the room,he shut the door.
走进房间,他就关上了门。
现在分词用法讲解
当现在分词用来表示条件时,可以和if引导的 条件状语从句互换
4. 作伴随状语,相当于并列句
They came into the classroom, singing
and laughing.
=They sang and laughed; they came
一、动词的 –ing 形式概念
动词的 –ing 形式包括两种: ① 现在分词 具有形容词和副词特征
可作定语、状语、表语、宾补
② 动名词
具有名词特征
可作主语,宾语,表语,定语等。
There are many sleeping (定语) students in class.
The lesson is boring. (表语)
3、宾语补足语:
现在分词做宾语补足语常用在see, watch, feel, hear, find, keep , notice, have等词 的后面。 They kept me waiting for a long time. He saw people coming and going.
6 Having been shown ___________________the lab, we were taken to see the library.(show)
(1) a walking man (2) a walking stick
现在分词讲解[1]
❖ 2.现在分词的被动式的一般式和完成式。当句子的主语和非谓构
成动宾关系且是非、谓同时。分词用being done形式;如果 非先、谓后,分词用having been done。如:
❖ The question being discussed is important now.
❖ In the following years he worked even harder.
〓 In the years that followed
【注】分词作前置定语(不同含义)
1.下列由动词变成形容词化的分词表达不同的含义。V-ing表示他 人他物令人感到怎么样。V-ed本身自己感到怎么样。
二、现在分词的结构含义
❖ 1.现在分词的主动式一般式 ( doing) 表示非、谓同时。
❖ 现在分词的主动式完成式(having + PP)指非先、谓后。 现在分词的主动式首先是句子的主语和非谓是主谓关系。
❖ Being a student, he was interested in books. ❖ Having studied in university for 3 years, he knows
正在沸腾的 已经沸腾过的
fading flowers 正在凋谢的
faded flowers
现在分词讲解
现在分词
现在分词(Present Participle)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。
一.构成形式
doing (特殊的略)现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作
二.时态与语态
一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done
所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式
三.可作成分
定语状语补语表语
1.作定语
单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前
分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系
e.g. a running boy the girl standing there
一个发展中的国家,沸水,
冉冉升起的太阳。
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句
e.g. a boy who is running
a girl who is standing there
2.作补语
只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补
1)感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at
2)使役动词:have get catch leave set
值得注意的是:要想用现在分词来作宾补只能是用于这些词后但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补)
现在分词讲解以及练习解析
5) 作条件状语
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Using your head, you will find a way.
(=If you use your head, you will find a way.)
一直往前走,你就会看到一座白色地房子。
_W__a_lk__in_g__a_h_e_a_d_, you will see a white house.
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
The rain being over, we continued to march.
1). see, look at, notice ,watch, observe ,find, catch, hear, listen to ,feel ,smell 等表示感官的 动词后作宾补.
I saw him getting on the bus.
Do you hear somebody knocking on the door?
He went out , shutting the door behind him. Walking around the city, we were impressed by it’s new look. Having finished the letter, he went to post it.
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• Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断 • Frankly speaking, I don„t like him at all. 坦率地说,我一点都不喜欢他。 • Supposing he is ill, who will do the work? • 假如他病了,谁来做这工作呢?
C.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之 前,分词就要用完成时。如: Having done his homework, the boy went out to play. =As he had finished his homework, he went out. 2)作原因状语,相当于由because/as 引 导的原因状语从句。
Having finished the work,
.
A. it was almost six o'clock B. it’ time to surf the Internet. C. supper had been already prepared D. we had a rest and then had supper
2.The manager, _______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. (时间或伴随状语) A.who has made B.having made C.made D.making 3.The storm left , ______a lot of damage to this area . (结果状语) A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused
______________more attention, and the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. They are given C. Giving D. Having given
动词三种形态比较
To catch _________ (catch) the early bus, he got up early. Catch ___________ (catch) the early bus, and you cannot miss the meeting. Catching __________ (catch) the early bus, you cannot miss the meeting.
B.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前, 分词就要用完成时。 Having seen the film many times, he didn’t go to see it last night.
3)作条件状语,相当于由 if 引导的条件状语从 句 (If) Using your head, you will find a way. =If you use your head, you will find …
③ 避免重复连词
Because wandering through the square, so I caught sight of my friend. Wandering through the square, so I caught sight of my friend. Wandering through the square, I caught sight of my friend.
4)作让步状语,相当于由 although/though 引导的让步状语从句 Although/Though getting up early, he was late for the meeting. = Although/Though he got up early, he was late for the meeting.
1. 现在分词作表语
• 现在分词作表语起形容词作用,说明主 语的特征及主语所具备的动作功能。常 译为”使(令) … 怎样。” 如: • The news is very disappointing. • His story is very moving. • (Encouraging, inspiring, exciting, interesting….)
2. 现在分词作定语
• 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前 • 分词短语作定语时放在后, 表示主动意义, 它与所修饰的名词构成 主谓关系,通常可改 为定语从句。 • e.g. a running boy the girl standing there
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时 的定语从句
e.g. a boy who is running a girl who is standing there
• B.谓语动词的动作发生在分词动作的 过程中,表示”在做某事期间”相当 于由when/while 引导的时间状语从 句。 • Walking in the street, I came across an old friend. • = When/While I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend. • = When/While walking in the street, I came across …
4.______from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(原因状 语) A.Being separated B.Having separated C.Having been separated D.To be separated
• 1)作时间状语, 可以表示三个时间概
念
• A.表示和谓语动作同时发生,相当于 “as soon as” 引导的时间状语从 句 • Hearing the good news, he jumped up with joy. • = As soon as he heard the good news, he … • = On hearing the good news, he…
5. “We can‟t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
6. Finding her car stolen, _____. • A. a policeman was asked to help • B. the area was searched thoroughly • C. It was looked for everywhere • D. she hurried to a policeman for help
generally speaking 一般说来 Judging from… 从……判断
Concerning…
Coming to…
关于……
谈到 ……
Proving(that)…假定 ……
supposing (that)… 如果……
frankly speaking 坦白说 talking of… allowing for... 说到…… 考虑到……
Don‟t wake up the sleeping boy. = Don‟t wake up the boy who is sleeping I don‟ t know the man writing something over there. =I don‟ t know the man who is writing something over there.
6)作结果状语,现在分词的动作同谓语 动词的动作几乎同时发生。 The mother died, leaving five children behind. They fired at the enemy, killing two.
现在分词作独立成分
Considering (that)…考虑到……
5)作伴随状语(方式状语),表示同谓语的动作 同时发生,相当于由并列连词连接的两个并 列动作。 They sat there on the stone, talking with each other. =They sat there on the stone and talked with each other. • 注意:只有现在分词的一般式才可作伴随状 语,且常放于主句后。
• 注意:现在分词作状语的几个特性。 ①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生,用一般时,如 发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。 ②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系,是主谓关 系或动宾关系。 ③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的 主语。
④.避免重复连词 ⑤.否定词位置 ⑥.有些动词分词作为插入语 ⑦.Being done不做状语
(一)现在分词
(1).现在分词的形式
时态\语态 主动语态
一般式 doing
被动语态
being done
表达的意义
表示与谓语动词 同时发生的动作
完成式
having done
having been done
表示发生在谓语 动词之前的动作
其否定形式是在doing之前加not
(2)、现在分词的句法功能 具有形容词和副词的特征, 可充当成分:表语 定语,宾语 补足语, 状语
Practice
高考点击
Байду номын сангаас
1. ______ the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not completing D. Not having completed (原因状语)
3.现在分词作宾语补足语
A.作感官动词的宾补 see, look at ,watch, notice, find, observe, listen to, hear, smell taste, feel… 表示正在进行的意义 We found them reading in the classroom.
A.和谓语动词的动作同时发生 Being ill, he didn‟t go to school. =Because/As he was ill, he didn‟t go … Not knowing what to do next, he went to his teacher for advice. = Because/As he didn‟t know what to do next, he went to …
①主语一致性
1.Hearing the news, his tears rolled down his 错 face.
When he heard the news, his tears rolled down his face.
2.Looking up the sky, a plane is flying . 错 Looking up the sky,I find a plane is flying .
②否定词位置及时间的先后
Not having been there, we couldn’t describe the scenery well.
高考点击
______________ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
B. 作使役动词的宾补, have, get, keep , send, leave, catch… 表示”使…进行/处于(某种状态)” ,强 调动作或状态的持续性. Can you keep the clock going?
4. 现在分词作状语
现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、 条件、结果, 让步、伴随或方式等 状语。