2017考研英语阅读经济学人文章：贿赂
2017年考研英语一阅读
2017年考研英语一阅读2017年考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析：Text 1Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.On a warm spring afternoon, the buzz of conversation in the staff room gives way to the quiet rustle of pages being turned. The staff members are all deep in the act of reading. Some are scanning the text with a critical eye, others are speed-reading, and a few are slowing down to consider every word. The scene is not taking place in a literacy program or a book group, but in a staff development day at a public high school in New York City.The staff development day is part of a growing movement to bring reading into the professional world. As libraries become less and less of a haven for self-study and more of a collaborative workspace, the practice of reading for work is fast becoming as essential as the practice of reading for pleasure. “When I started working, I thought:‘I don’t have time to read,’” says Librarian Nancy Pearl. “But when I realized how much I was missing, I made reading part of my work r outine.”For many professionals, the value of reading isn’t just about job performance. It’s about professional development and personal growth. “I read books that are outside my area—books that would never appear on my radar—and they often lead me to new ideas and directions,” says Dr. Jackie Jenkins-Scott, a former president of Bentley University. “Reading has been fundamental to my leadership development.”But the benefits of reading go well beyond personal growth. A recent study by researchers at the University of Texas at Austin found that employees who read for 30 minutes before work performed better at their jobs than those who didn’t read. “Reading has been shown to increase fluency,词汇理解，and knowledge retention,” says psychologist Pamela Rutledge. “It can also improve decision-making ability and creativity.”The key to making reading work in your professional life is to be intentional about it. Don’t read aimlessly, hoping that somehow the information will sink in. Set aside dedicated reading time and make sure you’re always learning something new. Also, consider making some professional reading resolutions, such as reading a book every two weeks or参加行业相关的会议 or joining professional organizations that have regular meetings. Finally, consider sharing what you read with your colleagues to foster more meaningful discussion within your organization.The value of professional reading is not about indulging in the latest industry trends or keeping up with the latest news; it’s about growing as a professional and making better decisions. As Nancy Pearl puts it, “Reading is not just about finding new information—it’s about finding better ways of doing things and understanding life better.” So, the next time you find yourself with some extra time on your hands, consider picking up a book instead of checking Facebook for the umpteenth time. Your career might just benefit from it.26. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The importance of reading in one’s professional life.B. The benefits of reading for personal growth.C. The decline of libraries as study places.D. The trend of holding reading groups in high schools.27. Why did the author mention the staff development day in New York City?A. To stress the importance of teamwork in libraries.B. To show the value of reading in a professional setting.C. To promote the idea of holding more literacy programs.D. To encourage more high schools to offer staff development courses.28. What does Dr. Jackie Jenkins-Scott say about reading?A. It helps her stay abreast of the latest developments in her field.B. It broadens her horizons and enhances her leadership skills.C. It enables her to easily obtain necessary information for her work.D. It makes her more creative and better equipped for challenges.29. What does Pamela Rutledge say about reading?A. It improves one’s cognitive abilities.B. It enhances one’s problem-solving skills.C. It boosts one’s creativity and innovationD. It helps one stay focused at work.30. What is the key to making read ing work in one’s professional life according to the passage?A. Reading more books written by famous authorsB. Reading books that are easy to understandC. Sticking to traditional ways of doing thingsD. Intending to learn something from reading。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Diageo last week took a majority stake in Seedlip, a non-alcoholic spirit sold as an alternative to gin — a move seen by analysts as the drinks giant’s attempt to grab more of the growing teetotal market. The young are more abstemious than their elders, and manufacturers and marketers need to keep up.帝亚吉欧(Diageo)不久前收购了Seedlip的多数股权，这是一种被作为金酒替代品出售的无酒精型烈酒——市场分析师们将此举解读为酒业巨头试图在日益扩张的无酒精饮料市场中分一杯羹。
年轻一代相对于他们的长辈在饮酒方面更加节制，酒类生产商和营销机构必须跟上这种趋势。
For those of us who don’t drink or, in my case, only occasionally, a reduction in others’ drinking, along with a fall in the antisocial consequences, is a welcome development. At a wedding in Italy this summer, I marvelled as a group of Italian and French guests partied under a hot afternoon sun and late into the night, without anyone staggering or slurring in the way they would inevitably have done in the UK.对于我们当中那些不喝酒——或者以我自己为例——仅偶尔喝一杯的人来说，他人饮酒量的下降，以及与之相随的危害社会公共利益问题的减少，是一种令人愉快的新变化。
2017考研英语一阅读答案
2017考研英语一阅读答案答案：21-25 ACDDC21. 答案【A】explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.解析：本题目为例证题，考察论点与论据。
根据题干关键词the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804定位到第二段第二句。
例证题中的例子为论据，所要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之前，因此该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。
二段首句说的是美国人愿意忍受长时间的安全检查。
正确答案A的American’s tolerance是原文Americans are willing to tolerate的原词复现，current security checks是原文的time-consuming security 的同义转化。
干扰项B的urgency to strengthen security worldwide，原文未提及worldwide，属于扩大范围;选项C的major U.S. major airports属于具体信息的干扰;选项D的privacy 隐私并未提及，是常识性干扰。
22. 答案【C】An increase in the number of travelers.解析：本题目为原因细节题。
根据题干中的long waits at major airports定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resulted in 与题干中的contributed to是同义转化，所以定位内容就是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。
正确答案C的an increase in the number of travelers 是原文a rise in airline travel的同义替换。
干扰项A的carry-on bags是在第四段的最后一句出现的，非定位句内容;选项B的TSA efficiency也出现在第四段;选项D的unexpected secret checks未提及。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Britain’s young face a poorer future英国年轻一代面临更加贫穷的未来Economic statistics will never fully capture the extent of the sacrifices of Britain’s youth during the pandemic. For a generation of students and pupils it was a lost chance to make friends, explore who they are and, gradually, become adults — as well as to learn, in person. In the face of the deaths in the broader population, it is easy to dismiss as frivolous the setbacks of those who missed partying, travelling and dating during the long months stuck inside but these are still years of carefree youth they will not get back. What is more, most of these privations were primarily to protect those from older generations, the most vulnerable to the coronavirus.经济统计数字将永远不能完全反映出英国青年在这场大流行病中牺牲了多少。
对于这一代学生来说，他们失去了结交朋友、探索自我并逐渐成长为人,以及亲身学习的机会。
在有人死于新冠疫情之际，我们很容易认为被困在室内长达数月而错过聚会、旅行和约会的人所经历的这些挫折无关痛痒，但这是他们再也无法重返的无忧无虑的青春时光。
贪污受贿英语作文
贪污受贿英语作文Corruption and Bribery。
Corruption and bribery are two of the most pressing issues that plague societies around the world. These unethical practices not only undermine the rule of law and erode public trust in government institutions, but they also hinder economic development and perpetuate social inequality. In this essay, we will examine the causes and consequences of corruption and bribery, as well as explore potential solutions to combat these pervasive problems.First and foremost, it is important to understand the root causes of corruption and bribery. One of the main factors that contribute to these practices is the lack of transparency and accountability in government and business operations. When there is a lack of oversight and regulation, individuals in positions of power are more likely to engage in corrupt activities for personal gain. Furthermore, cultural and societal norms can also play arole in perpetuating corruption and bribery. In some societies, these practices are seen as a normal way of doing business, and individuals may feel pressured to engage in corrupt activities in order to succeed in their careers or businesses.The consequences of corruption and bribery are far-reaching and detrimental to society as a whole. From an economic standpoint, these practices can stifle economic growth and deter foreign investment. When businesses are forced to pay bribes in order to operate, it creates an unfair playing field and discourages competition. Moreover, corruption and bribery can also lead to the misallocation of resources and public funds, which can have a negative impact on infrastructure development and public services. In addition, these practices can also undermine the rule of law and erode public trust in government institutions, leading to a breakdown in social cohesion and stability.In order to combat corruption and bribery, it is essential for governments and businesses to implement effective anti-corruption measures. One of the mostimportant steps is to strengthen transparency and accountability in government operations. This can be achieved through the implementation of robust anti-corruption laws and regulations, as well as the establishment of independent oversight bodies to monitor and investigate corrupt activities. Additionally, it is crucial to promote a culture of integrity and ethical behavior in both the public and private sectors. This can be done through education and awareness campaigns, as well as the enforcement of strict penalties for those who engage in corrupt activities.Furthermore, international cooperation is also key in the fight against corruption and bribery. Given that these practices often transcend national borders, it is important for countries to work together to share information and coordinate efforts to combat corruption on a global scale. This can be achieved through the implementation of international anti-corruption treaties and agreements, as well as the exchange of best practices and expertise.In conclusion, corruption and bribery are pervasiveissues that have far-reaching consequences for society. In order to combat these practices, it is essential for governments and businesses to implement effective anti-corruption measures, promote transparency and accountability, and foster a culture of integrity and ethical behavior. By working together on a global scale, we can create a more just and equitable society for future generations.。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文阅读经济学人
China’s “dreamchild” is stealthily winning the battery race中国“梦之子”悄然引领电池竞赛In America, if you want to dominate an industry, you channel your inner Elon Musk and shout about it. But CATL, the Chinese company that makes batteries for some of Mr Musk’s Tesla electric vehicles (EVs), is different. When your columnist first contacted it in 2017, the brush-off was swift.在美国，如果你想主宰一个行业，你就得调动自己内心的埃隆·马斯克并大声咆哮。
但为马斯克的部分特斯拉电动汽车供应电池的中国公司宁德时代则不同。
当笔者在2017年第一次与该公司取得联系时，对方直接拒绝了我们的采访。
“We want to concentrate on our products only and do not accept any interviews at present.” These days it is only marginally less blunt. “Unfortunately, we are sorry that it’s hard for us to arrange [interviews] at the moment.” The temptation is to give it a dose of its own medicine and ignore it.“我们只想专注于我们的产品，目前不接受任何采访。
”如今，该公司的态度没有过去那么生硬了，但也只是稍微缓和。
有关于行贿受贿的英语文章
有关于行贿受贿的英语文章行贿受贿行为既破坏了社会分配的公平,又降低了社会生产的效率,人们都对这种行为深恶痛疾。
下面是店铺带来的有关于行贿受贿的英语文章，欢迎阅读!有关于行贿受贿的英语文章篇一Bribery abroad A tale of two laws海外行贿两部法律的故事America's anti-corruption law deters foreign investment. Britain's is smarter美国的反贪腐法让企业对海外投资望而却步，而英国的则更为明智BRIBING foreign officials is wrong, but not everything governments do to prevent it is wise or proportional.向外国官员行贿是不对的。
但并非政府所做的所有防范行贿的措施都是明智或能产生对应成效的。
Firms are increasingly fed up with the way America's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) is written (confusingly) and applied (vigorously).企业对美国的《海外反腐法》(FCPA)的厌倦是与日俱增，不仅仅因为它的内容(让人困惑)，还因为它的执行方式(过于激进)。
The law was passed in 1977, but recent years have seen a spike in enforcement, from five actions in 2004 to 74 in 2010.该法案于1977年通过，然而最近几年执行次数增长迅速，从2004年的5次增长到2010年的74次。
Five of the ten biggest settlements ever were last year, including a $400m fine against BAE Systems, a British defence contractor, and a $365m fine against ENI, an Italian oil firm.十大处罚中有五个发生于去年，其中包括对英国国防承包商BAE 系统的处罚(达4亿美元)以及意大利石油公司ENI的处罚(达3.65亿美元)。
2017考研英语二阅读真题答案解析【6】
2017考研英语二阅读真题答案解析【6】Part BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column。
There are two extra choices in the right column。
Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。
(10 points) The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain，particularly from Donald Trump。
“We don’t make anything anymore，” he told Fox News， while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line。
Without question， manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades， and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing。
But there is also a different way to look at the data。
Across the country， factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge：instead of having too many workers，they may end up with too few。
2017考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：贫困、犯罪与教育
2017考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：贫困、犯罪与教育每年考研英语阅读篇章很多都取材于经济学人，因此2017年考研复习之初，一定要从基础打好，稳扎稳打。
凯程网考研频道分享《经济学人》文章，希望大家能够多看、多练，提升阅读能力！2017考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：贫困、犯罪与教育Poverty, crime and education贫困、犯罪与教育The paradox of the ghetto贫民窟的悖论Unnervingly, poor children seem to fare better inpoor neighbourhoods令人奇怪的是，穷人家的孩子若是生活在贫困区域，表现反而更好。
THE poorest people in Leicester by a wide margin are the Somalis who live in the St Matthewshousing estate. Refugees from civil war, who often passed through Sweden or the Netherlandsbefore fetching up in the English Midlands, they endure peeling surroundings and appallingjoblessness. At the last census the local unemployment rate was three times the nationalaverage. But Abdikayf Farah, who runs a local charity, is oddly upbeat. Just look at thechildren, he says.生活在Leicester郊区最穷的人是索马里人，他们生活在St Matthews住宅区。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
“This Mortal Coil” is a surprisingly upbeat history of death《人世纷扰》出人意料地以乐观态度讲述人类死亡史Andrew Doig’s study of how people die is a story of human ingenuity安德鲁·多伊格对人类死因的探究也是一个关于人类智慧的故事For over 200 years, France has diligently recorded the life spans of its citizens. Since 1816 their average life expectancy has more than doubled: long skewed by high infant mortality, it jumped from 41.1 years to 85.3 for French women, and from 39.1 years to 79.3 for men.200多年来，法国一直在孜孜不倦地记录着公民的寿命。
自1816年以来，法国人的平均预期寿命增长了一倍多：在经历长期被高婴儿死亡率拉低的阶段后，法国女性的平均预期寿命从41.1岁跃升至85.3岁，男性从39.1岁跃升至79.3岁。
In other words, it “has increased on average by five hours per day”, writes Andrew Doig in “This Mortal Coil”, a study of how people die. “So, every day, the date of a French person’s death gets closer by 24 hours due to the passing of time, but recedes by five hours, thanks to medicine, nutrition, sanitation, good government, trade, peace and so on.”安德鲁·多伊格在其研究人类如何死亡的著作《人世纷扰》中写道，换句话说，法国人的预期寿命“平均每天延长5个小时”。
2017年英语一text4解析
2017年英语一text4解析Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.在一个少见的全体一致的裁决中，美国最高法院推翻了前项对前弗吉尼亚州长罗伯特麦克唐纳的贪腐判决，但是最高法院对他的行为也掩鼻不屑，麦克唐纳接受从一家公司馈赠的包括劳力士手表、法拉利汽车等，已获得和政府接触的机会。
The high court’s decision saidthe judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trialfailed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.最高院的决定表明麦克审判的法官没有告知陪审团必须只考虑他的“公务行为”，或者麦克的决定在特殊和未解决的问题上必须与公务相关。
Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, isnot corruption, thejusticesfound.仅仅帮助一个送礼者给他们接触其他官员的机会，除非对那些官员有明确的意图以此施加压力，否则那不成为腐败。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人_2
Surging living costs force Britons to work past retirement age生活成本飙升迫使英国人退休后继续工作The share of older UK workers planning to carry on working in their retirement has nearly doubled in two years due to rising living costs and insufficient pension savings, according to a survey from Abrdn.根据Abrdn的一项调查, 由于生活成本上升和养老金储蓄不足, 计划退休后继续工作的英国老年员工比例在两年内增加了近一倍。
The investment manager’s stark findings underscore the impact of soaring energy and food prices on household budgets, which is pressuring people’s finances as inflation hits a 30-year high.这家投资管理公司的严峻调查结果凸显出能源和食品价格飙升对家庭预算的影响。
随着通胀触及30年高点, 家庭预算正给人们的财务状况带来压力。
Surveying people planning to retire in 2022, Abrdn found that 66 per cent respondents proposed to continue with some form of employment beyond retiring, up from just over 50 per cent in a similar study last year and just 34 per cent in 2020.Abrdn对计划2022年退休的人进行了调查, 发现66%的受访者打算在退休后继续从事某种形式的工作, 而在去年的一项类似研究中, 这一比例略高于50%, 而在2020年, 这一比例仅为34%。
大学生利用贿赂成为学生领导者的英语作文
大学生利用贿赂成为学生领导者的英语作文University life is meant to be a transformative experience that not only imparts knowledge but also shapes the character and leadership skills of young individuals. However, in some instances, the pursuit of power and influence within the student body has led to unethical practices, such as the use of bribery to attain positions of leadership. This essay will explore the troubling phenomenon of university students leveraging financial means to secure coveted student leadership roles, the consequences of such actions, and the need for comprehensive reforms to uphold the integrity of student governance.At the heart of this issue lies the inherent appeal of student leadership positions. These roles often come with prestige, authority, and the opportunity to make a tangible impact on the campus community. For ambitious students, the allure of wielding such influence can be overwhelming, leading them to seek out alternative, unscrupulous means to attain these positions. Bribery, in this context, becomes a tempting shortcut, allowing individuals to bypass the meritocratic process and secure leadership roles through monetaryinfluence rather than genuine leadership qualities and a proven track record of service.The practice of bribery in student elections is particularly insidious as it undermines the democratic principles that should govern student governance. When students are able to purchase their way into positions of power, it erodes the trust and credibility of the entire student leadership system. Legitimate candidates who have invested time and effort in building their qualifications and garnering support from their peers find themselves at a significant disadvantage, as their efforts are overshadowed by the financial resources of their bribery-backed opponents.Moreover, the consequences of such unethical practices extend far beyond the immediate election outcomes. Students who attain leadership positions through bribery often lack the necessary skills, experience, and dedication to effectively serve their constituents. This can lead to subpar decision-making, poor representation of student interests, and a general erosion of the integrity and effectiveness of student government. The entire campus community suffers as a result, as they are deprived of genuine and accountable student leadership.Another concerning aspect of this issue is the broader societal implications. When university students, who are often viewed as thefuture leaders of tomorrow, engage in bribery and corruption, it sends a troubling message about the values and principles they are upholding. The normalization of such practices can perpetuate a culture of ethical compromise, where the ends are seen to justify the means, and the pursuit of personal gain takes precedence over the greater good. This can have far-reaching consequences as these students transition into their professional lives, potentially carrying these unethical practices into the workplace and beyond.To address this pressing issue, universities must take decisive action to implement robust measures to prevent and combat the use of bribery in student leadership elections. This may involve the establishment of stringent campaign finance regulations, the implementation of transparent and accountable electoral processes, and the implementation of strict penalties for those found engaging in bribery and other forms of corruption.Furthermore, universities should prioritize the cultivation of ethical leadership and civic engagement within the student body. This can be achieved through the integration of leadership development programs, workshops on ethical decision-making, and the promotion of community service initiatives that instill a sense of social responsibility and a commitment to the greater good. By fostering a culture of integrity and ethical leadership, universities can empower students to seek positions of leadership through legitimate means,based on their merits and the trust they have earned from their peers.In conclusion, the issue of university students using bribery to attain student leadership positions is a complex and troubling phenomenon that requires urgent attention and comprehensive action. The erosion of democratic principles, the undermining of effective student governance, and the broader societal implications of such practices demand a concerted effort to address this challenge. Through a combination of robust policies, ethical leadership development, and a steadfast commitment to upholding the core values of higher education, universities can work to restore the integrity of student governance and ensure that the leaders of tomorrow are shaped by their character, not their financial resources.。
贿赂 英语作文
贿赂英语作文Title: Bribery。
Bribery is a serious issue that has plagued societies and organizations for centuries. It refers to the act of giving or receiving something of value in exchange for influence or action in one's favor. This unethical practice undermines the principles of fairness, equality, and justice, and it has far-reaching consequences for individuals, businesses, and governments.The act of bribery can take many forms, including cash payments, gifts, favors, or other benefits. It often occurs in the context of business transactions, government contracts, political campaigns, and even personal relationships. In some cases, bribery is used to secure an unfair advantage in competitive situations, such as bidding for a contract or seeking preferential treatment from a government official.One of the most damaging effects of bribery is its impact on the integrity and credibility of institutions. When individuals or organizations engage in bribery, they erode the public's trust in the fairness and impartialityof the systems and institutions that are meant to serve them. This can lead to widespread disillusionment, cynicism, and a loss of confidence in the rule of law.Moreover, bribery can have a detrimental impact on economic development and prosperity. When businesses and individuals resort to bribery to gain an advantage, it distorts competition and hinders the growth of a fair and open market. This not only harms honest and law-abiding businesses, but it also stifles innovation, investment, and economic progress.From a moral and ethical standpoint, bribery is indefensible. It is fundamentally unjust and undermines the principles of honesty, integrity, and fairness. It creates an environment where success is based on who you know and what you can offer, rather than on merit, hard work, and ethical behavior. This erodes the moral fabric of societyand sets a dangerous precedent for future generations.In response to the pervasive problem of bribery, many countries have enacted laws and regulations to combat this unethical behavior. These laws often include severepenalties for those found guilty of bribery, including fines, imprisonment, and the confiscation of assets. Additionally, many organizations have implemented strictanti-bribery policies and procedures to prevent and detect corrupt practices within their ranks.It is important for individuals and organizations to take a stand against bribery and uphold the highest standards of ethical conduct. This requires a commitment to transparency, accountability, and integrity in all dealings, whether in business, government, or personal relationships. By working together to eliminate bribery, we can create a more just, equitable, and prosperous society for all.。
2017考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析（13）
相关推荐：新东⽅校推荐： Could the bad olddays of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cutsin March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up fromless than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scarymemories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, whenthey also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digitinflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning ofgloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraqsuspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time aswinter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in theshort term。
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences nowto be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oilnow accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, soeven quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pumpprices than in the past。
商业贿赂英文版[1]2
![商业贿赂英文版[1]2](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/98dd47c481c758f5f61f6733.png)
We should resist bribery
关于贿赂的句子
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.我决不接受贿赂，一尘不染。 wouldn't sully my hands by acceptinga bribe. 2.他想让我接受贿赂--我但愿我决不至於做出这种低级的事。 He tried to make me accept a bribe I hope I would never stoop so low. 3.他绝不像是会接受贿赂的人。 He is the last man to accept a bribe. 4.这项有关贿赂的指控是对一个正直公民的无耻诽谤。 This accusationof bribery is a vile smear on an honourable citizen. 5.他偶尔也自贬身价接受贿赂。 He occasionally condescended to take bribes. 6.他贿赂警察把他放了。 He bribed the police to let him go free. 7.他贿赂他的领导来巩固他的地位。 He bribes his leader to consolidate his position. 8.他接受贿赂，终被逮捕。 His acceptance of bribes led to his arrest.
More recently, in 2006, German prosecutors conducted a wide-ranging investigation of Siemens AG to determine if Siemens employees paid bribes in exchange for business.
贿赂英语作文
Furthermore, bribery can have a detrimental impact on economic development. When resources are allocated based on bribes rather than merit, it can lead to inefficiency and waste. Moreover, foreign investors may be deterred from investing in a country where bribery is rampant, as it introduces an element of uncertainty and unfairness into the business environment. In the long run, this can hold back the development of infrastructure and other key sectors of the economy.
2017考研备考英语阅读题源经济学人文章 (1)
2017考研备考英语阅读题源经济学人文章：Building blocksNew homes新家Building blocks添砖加瓦The government makes a lame attempt to boosthouse-building政府促进房地产建设的步伐跌跌撞撞AS GEORGE OSBORNE prepared to deliver hisautumn statement, on December 2nd, Danny Alexander, his Liberal Democrat deputy at theTreasury, announced a slew of investments in infrastructure. These included a much-needed15 billion (24 billion) for roads, as well as 2.3 billion for flood defences. Mr Alexander tried tomake much of the coalition's plans on housing, too, trumpeting 13,000 new homes to be builtat Bicester, a town in Oxfordshire, which would then be designated as a garden city. Thegovernment will need to do much more, however, to solve Britain's housing problem.随着乔治·奥斯本准备发表其秋日宣言，12月2日，来自自由民主党的英国财政部第一副大臣丹尼·亚历山大宣布了拉动基础建设的投资计划。
其中包括道路急需的150亿英镑(折合240亿美元)以及防洪的23亿英镑。
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2017考研英语阅读经济学人文章：贿赂2017考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：贿赂Bribery贿赂Graft work移花接木A new study lights up the shadows无处遁形GONE are the days when multinationals could bookbribes paid in far-flung countries as a tax-deductibleexpense. These days would-be palm-greasers have to contend with ever-tougher enforcementof old laws, such as America's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, and a raft of new ones incountries from Britain to Brazil.有种日子一去不复返了，想当年，跨国公司可以先行贿，然后在远远找个国家支付以抵扣公司税。
如今，想要伸手的人必须面对依然严峻的原有法令，例如1977年的美国反海外贿赂法，以及从英国到巴西等国家的一大堆新颁法令。
As policing is stepped up, however, much about the practice of bribery remains murky. TheOECD's first report on the subject, published on December 2nd, sheds some light by analysingmore than 400 international bribery cases that have been brought since the anti-briberyconvention of this group of mostly rich countries came into force in 1999.虽然加强了监管，但是，许多贿赂行为仍然在暗处作祟。
国际经合组织首次就此问题撰写的首次报告在12月2日发表，通过分析从1999年主要是由发达国家组成的该组织颁布的反贿赂公约生效以来的超过400起跨国贿赂案例，而发人深省。
Some findings confirm what was known or suspected. The most bribe riddled sectors are oil,gas, mining, construction and transport. At the other end of the spectrum, financial servicesand retailing are fairly clean. Most bribes go to managers of state-owned companies, followed bycustoms officials. And America leads the enforcement pack, with 128 cases that resulted insanctions (see chart).一些调查结果证实了那些所知到的和所怀疑的东西。
贿赂最泛滥的领域是石油、天然气、采矿、建筑和运输业。
而在该序列的另一端，金融服务和零售业则相当清白。
大多数贿赂聚焦在国有企业的管理人员，其次是海关官员。
美国查处力度最大，处置了128起案件。
But the report also undermines some common beliefs. Bribery is not a sin of rogue employeesor poor countries. In 53% of cases payments were made or authorised by corporate managers(and in 12% of them by the chief executive). More than 40% of the time, the bribe-takingofficial was in a developed country (though this figure is probably inflated by rich countries'greater willingness to criminalise bribery and co-operate with cross-border investigations).Authorities are often alerted by firms themselves: those that co-operate quickly are oftentreated leniently.但报告也对一些常识造成了冲击。
贿赂不是居心不良的员工和贫穷国家才有的罪恶。
在53%的案件中由公司管理者亲自或授权支付贿款，其中12%由总裁进行。
超过40%的案件中，受贿的公务人员来自发达国家(虽然这个数据可能被发达国家的惩治贿赂以及进行跨国协作调查的强烈意愿夸大了)。
当局常常收到公司自己的报案：毕竟坦白从宽嘛。
Nevertheless, the cleanest countries tend to be rich, and the dirtiest poor. Four of the fivebest-performing countries in Transparency International's latest corruption-perceptions index,also published this week, were Nordic. The worst were North Korea and Somalia. (Interestingly,China's score slipped despite a recent high-profile campaign against corrupt officials.)尽管如此，最清廉的国家仍然是那些富国，而最糟糕的还是穷国。
五个在“透明国际”组织最新的清廉指数中(也是本周刚刚发布)表现得最好的国家是北欧。
最差的是朝鲜和索马里。
(有意思的是，尽管近期有高调的反腐运动，中国的评分仍然下降了)The cost of bribery varies by industry. Builders pay a modest average of 4% of a transaction'svalue; extractive companies a hefty 21%. Add to that the rising costs of paying penalties andconducting internal probes—these cost Siemens, for example, $2.4 billion when it was mired ina graft scandal a few years ago—and bribery starts to look bad not just for reputations, butalso for bottom lines.行贿的成本因行业而异。
建筑商平均支付成交价的4%，较为适中;而采掘业企业则高达21%。
加上那些日益上升的罚款和进行内部调查的支出(以西门子为例，当数年前深陷贪污门之时，这些费用高达24亿美元)，于是，如今行贿可不仅仅是名誉上看起来不妙，更关乎盈亏生死。
Even for firms that are not caught, the business case for bribery is far from clear. A 2013 studyby Harvard Business School and America's National Bureau of Economic Research found thatwhat bribe-paying companies gain in higher sales in corrupt countries, they lose in lower profitmargins. According to the OECD, the average bribe costs 11% of the transaction's value and35% of associated profits.即使是对那些还没有东窗事发的公司，搞贿赂的生意也是一摊烂账。
2013年由哈佛商学院和美国全国经济研究局的研究表明，行贿公司虽然在一些腐败国家的赢得了更高的销售额，但实际上由于降低了利润率而蒙受损失。
根据经合组织的调查，平均的行贿支出占到交易额的11%和相关利润的35%。
Nevertheless, graft remains alive and well. One of the OECD report's authors told aconference this week that 390 cases are under investigation—not far short of the totalnumber resolved since the OECD convention took effect 15 years ago. The number of casesconcluded each year has dipped since a peak in 2011 as the time taken to completeinvestigations and prosecutions has climbed to more than seven years, from under four in2008.即使这样，贪腐仍然搞得有声有色。
经合组织报告的一位作者在本周的一次会议上谈到目前正在调查390起案件，与自从经合组织公约15年前生效以来已了结总案件数差的不远了。
每年结案的数量自从2011年达到峰值以来逐年下降，因为那正开展全面调查和起诉，从2008年不到4起攀升到七年来的最高峰的时候。
One possible reason for the slowdown is that bribery techniques are growing moresophisticated and thus harder to detect. Another could be the widespread use of opaquecorporate structures to conceal wrongdoing. These can be devilishly difficult to unpick,especially when they are stacked in several layers and fronted by nominee directors. Anonymousshell companies and other intermediaries—sometimes dressed up as “consultants”—were usedto move or to house payments in more than 70% of cases. The OECD report underlines theimportance of cracking down on the misuse of shell companies and enforcing more clarity overownership of companies and trusts, whether through accessible corporate registers—amove being pushed by some G20 countries, led by Britain—or by tougher regulation of serviceproviders that do the paperwork for new firms.放缓的原因之一是收受贿赂的手段越来越玄妙，从而更难于察觉。