英汉对接
家具行业常用词语英汉对照
1 古典家具词汇
A Acanthus 莨苕叶饰 Acorn Turning 橡实车枳饰 Additive 添加剂 Aesthetic Movement 唯美主义运动 Air Drying 常温干燥 Air Pressure 空气压力 Alcove Bed 嵌入式床 Alder 桤木 Amboyna Wood 印度紫檀 Ambry 壁龛 Anhemin 金银花饰 Antique Nail 圆头铜钉 Antique 古代艺术 Applied Guantity 涂布量 Applique 附饰 Apron Or Skirting Board 望板 Apron 望板 Arabesque 阿拉伯式图案 Arcading 拱饰 Architrave 楣梁 Arch 拱 Ark 箱子 Armchair 扶手椅 Armchair 扶手椅 Armoire 法式衣柜 Art Deco 装饰艺术风格 Art Furniture 艺术家具 Art Moderne 现代艺术 Art Nouveru 新艺术运动 Art Pottery 艺术陶瓷 Arts And Crafts Movement 工艺美术运动 Ash 白蜡树 Astragal 半圆饰线脚 B Back 背板 Backstool 靠背凳 Bail Handle,Drop Handle 吊环拉手
Card Table 牌桌 Cartouche 涡纹饰 Carver Chair 卡夫椅 Caryatid 女像柱 Case Piece 柜类家具 Cassapanca 箱体式座椅 Cassone 箱柜 Castor 脚轮 Cedar 杉木 CeLlarette, Ceilaret 酒柜 Chair Of Estate 主椅 Chair Table 连桌椅 Chair 椅子 Chaise Lounge 法式躺椅 Chamfer, Champfer 斜削脚 Channeling 槽 Cherry 樱桃木 Chest Of Drawers 小衣柜 Cheval Glass 穿衣镜 Chevron 锯齿形纹饰 Children Or Babycrib 儿童床 China Shelf 瓷器陈列架 Chinoiserie 中国风 Chintz 摩擦轧光印花布 Chip Carving 粗糙木刻 Circular Front 圆形前板 Cistern 贮水器 Clear finishes 透明漆 Clear 面涂 Club Foot 棒形器 Cockbeading 凸细线脚 Cocktail 牛尾痕 Coffer 箱子 Comb 梳状搭脑 Combination Furniture 组合家具 Commode 五斗橱 Console Table 边桌 Contract Furniture 订制家具 Cornice 檐口 Cornucopia 丰饶角饰 Court Cupboard 传统式陈列橱 Cove 凹形线脚
英汉语篇语法衔接手段对比及其翻译策略
- 224 -校园英语 /英汉语篇语法衔接手段对比及其翻译策略沈阳医学院/刘茹【摘要】语篇研究的核心是语言衔接,衔接手段分为词汇衔接和语法衔接。
硬干语篇语法衔接手段既有相似性,又有差异性。
本文主要探讨英汉语篇语法衔接手段的对比和英汉语篇语法的翻译策略。
【关键词】英语篇语法 衔接手段 对比一、语篇的衔接韩礼德和哈桑将衔接手段分为替代、省略、照应、连接和词汇衔接五类,前四类属于语法衔接手段。
语篇是指一个语义完整、不对长度有要求的书面语或者口语的段落。
语篇的衔接就是利用各种衔接手段将语篇结合在一起,以达到一定的交际目的,有效的语篇衔接手段决定了新组成的语篇的完整性和连续性。
现如今,语篇理论也被大量应用于翻译研究中,由于语篇理论在翻译研究中的有效应用,使得翻译单位开始由词语、句子转移到了语篇中去,因此,语篇的有效衔接在英汉翻译中发挥着至关重要的作用。
二、英汉语篇语法衔接手段的对比英语和汉语都具有各自的语法系统,在英汉互译中甚至还有语法上的冲突,也就是说,英汉语篇语法衔接手段各有不同,但是衔接手段的使用方式、使用频度和使用范围也都各有千秋。
1.替代。
替代是指用一个词去代替另一个或几个词,替代不仅有效避免了表达上的重复,而且还使得语篇更加紧凑。
替代分为从句替代、名词性替代和动词性替代。
(1)从句替代。
从句替代就是指替代整个从句,英语中主要用if not 或者if so 代替条件从句,用not 或者so 替代充当宾语的that 从句,汉语中常用如此、然代替从句。
但是汉语中从句替代词的使用频率远低于英语中从句替代词的使用频率。
(2)名词性替代。
名词性替代是指用替代词代替名词或者名词词组的中心词,英语中常用one,ones 等词作为名词的替代词,而汉语中则没有固定的名词替代词。
(3)动词性替代。
动词性替代是指用替代词代替谓语动词,英语中常用动词do 和替代句型sb+be/will/have/do+主语和so+主语+be/will/have/do 来实现替代,干、弄等词可以看做是汉语中的动词替代词,汉语中的动词替代词的使用频率低于英语中的动词替代词。
英汉翻译之合译法
广告文案类文本合译分析
总结词
广告文案类文本的合译需要保持原文的创意和风格,同时符合目标市场的文化和语言习 惯。
详细描述
广告文案类文本的合译需要充分理解原文的创意和意图,尽可能地保持原文的修辞和表 达方式。同时,需要考虑目标市场的文化和语言习惯,对译文进行适当的调整和改写, 以更好地吸引和打动目标受众。在处理广告语言时,需要注意语言的生动、形象和感染
05 合译法的注意事项
尊重原文意义
准确理解原文
在翻译过程中,首先要准确理解原文的含义,包括词汇、语法和语境,确保译文 能够准确地传达原文的意义。
避免随意改动
在合译法中,要避免对原文进行随意改动或删减,确保译文的完整性和准确性。
符合目标语言习惯
符合汉语表达习惯
在翻译过程中,要考虑到汉语的表达习 惯,将英文的句子结构和词汇选择进行 适当的调整,使其更加符合汉语的表达 方式。
合译法的应用场景
总结词
合译法适用于翻译科技、法律、医学等专业领域的英文文本。
详细描述
在科技、法律、医学等专业领域,英语表达往往具有专业性和严谨性,而汉语表达则注重简洁和准确。因此,在 这些领域的英汉翻译中,合译法被广泛应用。通过将多个英语单词合并翻译成单个汉语词汇,可以更好地保留原 文的含义和风格,同时提高翻译的准确性和可读性。
英汉翻译之合译法
contents
目录
• 合译法概述 • 合译法的分类 • 合译法的技巧 • 合译法的实践案例分析 • 合译法的注意事项
01 合译法概述
合译法的定义
总结词
合译法是一种将两个或多个英语单词合并翻译成单个汉语词汇的翻译方法。
详细描述
合译法是指在进行英汉翻译时,将两个或多个英语单词合并翻译成单个汉语词 汇的方法。这种方法旨在提高翻译的准确性和流畅性,同时减少冗余和歧义。
英汉无损检测词汇汇总
英汉无损检测词汇汇总NDT英汉无损检测词汇abortion ---n.故障`失灵`失事abortive----v.失败abruption n 裂断`中断。
断路absolute adj 绝对的`纯粹的absolute sensitivity 绝对灵敏度absolute value 绝对值absorb 汲取`减震absorbance 汲取absorb dose 汲取计量absorbent 吸声材料,汲取体。
汲取性的。
Abutment joint 平接缝`对接缝。
对接。
AC yoke demagnetization 交流磁轭去磁,交流磁轭退磁AC yoke magnetization 交流磁轭磁化。
accept n 同意acceptable defect level 缺陷合格等级。
Acceptable emergency dose 容许的事故计量。
acceptable quality level(AQC)指验收等级,象指验收表准。
acceptance 接收,验收。
认可,确信Acceptance certificate 验收证明书Acceptance criterion 验收准则` 验收Accessory device 辅助装置Accessory equipment 附属设备Accident 偶然事故,偶然损伤。
Accident condition 事故情况Accident error 偶然错误。
Accident prevention 安全措施Accidental exposure 偶然曝光Accidental radiation injury偶然辐射伤害。
Accumulate dose 总剂量,累计剂量。
Accumulator battery 蓄电池Accumulator cell 蓄电池Acetic acid 醋酸,乙酸。
ACDS (acoustic crack detection system)声裂纹检测系统,声裂纹检测装置,声裂纹检测仪。
焊接相关英汉词汇
焊接相关英汉词汇argon arc weld 氩弧焊butt weld 对接焊(缝)cluster weld 丛聚焊(缝)cold weld 冷焊(缝),冷压接fillet weld 角焊(缝)flash butt weld 闪光对接焊(缝)full fillet weld 满角焊(缝)groove weld 坡口焊(缝)mash seam weld 滚压焊seam weld 滚焊(缝)slot weld 切口焊(缝)spot weld 点焊(缝)tack (positioned) weld 定位【点位】焊(组焊前)weldability 可焊性,焊接性welder 焊工;焊机welding 焊接(法),焊接(的),焊缝atomic hydrogen weld 原子氢焊attachment weld 固定焊接bead weld 堆焊,狭的焊接braze weld 硬【钎】焊,铜焊built-up weld 堆焊down hand weld 俯【水平】焊接electric arc weld 电弧焊flat position weld (顶面)平【卧】焊flow weld 铸(浇)焊forehand weld 正手焊(法)forge weld 锻焊,锻接friction weld 摩擦焊gas shield weld 气体保护弧焊inert-gas metal-arc weld 焊丝惰性气体保护焊oxyacetylene weld 氧(乙炔)焊,气焊percussion weld 冲击焊plasma-arc weld 等离子弧焊repair weld 补焊roll weld 滚压焊scarf weld 斜面焊,两端搭接焊,嵌接焊shield weld 气体保护焊union arc weld 磁性焊剂二氧化碳保护焊unionmelt weld 埋弧(焊剂层下)自动焊weldment 焊接件,焊接装配bonding technology 焊接工艺fillet weld 角焊,填角焊seal welding. 密封焊接ring joint 环接, 围缘接合seal fitting 密封接头, 密封配件weld reinforcement 焊缝补强dimensional inspection 尺寸检验flange gasket 法兰垫片burn through 烧蚀girth weld 环形焊缝reinforcement of weld 加强焊缝weld joint 焊缝, 焊接接头circumferential joint 周圈接缝butt weld 对接焊缝arc welding 电弧焊filler rod 焊条shield gas 保护气体welding rod 焊条welding bead 焊道,熔敷焊道,焊珠electrode 电焊条longitudinal. 纵向的horizontal line 水平线welded joint 焊接缝焊接节点witness test 订货人在场的试验Alignment:对准,定位调整gas cutting. 气割arc cutting 电弧切割grind off 磨掉Leveling:校平Fixing:固定Console:控制台material certificate 材料合格证fabrication 加工,制造post weld heat treatment 焊后热处理flushing 冲洗,填缝arc gouging 电弧刨削machining 机械加工nut 螺母solvent 溶剂tack welding 点焊butt welding 对接焊reinforcing pad.补强垫,增强衬板flux 焊剂blind 挡板gusset plate 角撑板, 加固板base material 基底材料flow sheet 流程图witnessed inspections 现场检测drain 排水管identification mark 识别标志silicone paint 硅树脂油漆fabrication drawing 制造图纸,制作图WPS Works Process Specification 典型工艺规程caulking metal 填隙合金[金属](材料) weld bead 焊缝weld mark 焊痕bonding wire 接合线, 焊线埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding 电阻焊Resistance Welding 滚焊Seam welding throat thickness 焊缝厚度weldability 可焊性,焊接性Weldable steel 焊接钢Weldability of metal 金属可焊性Weldability test 可焊性试验Weld all around 围焊Weldable copper 可焊复合铜板Weld assembly 焊接件Weld bond 熔合线,焊口Weld cap 焊冒Weld collar 加强焊缝焊瘤Weld crack 焊接裂缝Weld crater 熔池Weld crosswise 交叉焊接Weld decay 焊缝腐蚀,焊接接头晶间Weld defect 焊接缺陷Weld deposit 堆焊,焊缝熔敷Welded all round 沿周边焊接的Welded armor 焊接甲板Welded body 焊接车身Welded bridge 焊接桥Welded bond 焊接轨隙连接器,焊接导接线Welded cathode 焊接阴极Welded chain 焊接链Welded connection 焊接合,焊接头Welded construction 焊接结构Welded-contract rectifier 焊接整流器Welded corner joint 角焊接weldability 可焊性,焊接性Weldable steel 焊接钢Weldability of metal 金属可焊性Weldability test 可焊性试验Weld all around 围焊Weldable copper 可焊复合铜板Weld assembly 焊接件Weld bond 熔合线,焊口Weld cap 焊冒Weld collar 加强焊缝焊瘤Weld crack 焊接裂缝Weld crater 熔池Weld crosswise 交叉焊接Weld decay 焊缝腐蚀,焊接接头晶间Weld defect 焊接缺陷Weld deposit 堆焊,焊缝熔敷Welded all round 沿周边焊接的Welded armor 焊接甲板Welded body 焊接车身Welded bridge 焊接桥Welded bond 焊接轨隙连接器,焊接导接线Welded cathode 焊接阴极Welded chain 焊接链Welded connection 焊接合,焊接头Welded construction 焊接结构Welded-contract rectifier 焊接整流器Welded corner joint 角焊接Welded eye 焊眼Welded fissure 焊接裂缝Welded fitting 焊接式管接头Welded flange 焊接翼缘Welded frame 焊接车架,焊接框架Welded frog 焊接辙差Weld edgewise 沿边焊接Welded metal 焊接金属Welded pipe 焊接管Welded module 焊接微型组件Welded on head 焊制封头,焊制端盖Welded plate 焊合板Welded seam 焊缝Welded shell course 焊接锅炉筒Welded shell ring焊接锅炉筒Welded splice 焊接接头Welded steel 焊接钢Welded steel fabric 焊接钢筋网Welded steel forging 熔焊钢锻件Welded steel pipe 焊接钢管Welded steel pipe pile 焊接钢管桩Welded structural shape 焊接结构型钢Welded structural 焊接结构Welded truss 焊接桁架Welded tube 焊缝[接]管Welded turret 焊合转塔Welded wire fabric 焊接钢丝网Welder 焊机,焊工Welder construction 焊接结构Welder performance qualification test 焊工技术鉴定试验Welder’s gauntlets 电焊工的长手套Welder’s gloves 电焊工手套Welder’s goggles 焊工护目镜welder’s hand shield 焊工手持护目镜Welder’s head shield 焊工护目帽罩Welder’s health 焊工保健Welder’s helmet 焊工帽罩Welders spatter ease 焊接易飞溅液Welder with condenser 带电容弧焊机Welder with taps 抽头式焊机Weld flaw 焊接缺陷,焊接裂纹Weld flush 焊缝隆起Weld flux 焊剂,焊药Weldforged 锻焊Weld gauge 焊缝量规Weld handle 焊把Weld holder 焊接架Welding 焊接法,熔接,定位焊接;粘结Welding agent 焊药Welding alloy 焊接合金Welding and cutting torch 焊割两用气焊枪Welding-and-forming mill 成型焊管机Welding apron 焊工的围裙Welding arc 焊弧Welding arc voltage 焊弧电压Welding assembly 焊接构件Welding base metal 焊条金属Welding beading 焊瘤Weldingbead length 焊缝长度Welding bell 碗模(焊管用的),拔管模,喇叭模Welding bench 焊接工作台Welding blew lamp 焊炬Welding blowpipe 气焊吹管Welding booth 焊接室Welding burner 焊炬喷嘴Welding by both sides 双面焊Welding by forging 锻焊Welding by one side 单面焊Welding cable 电焊电缆,电焊引线Welding characteristics 焊接特性Welding compound 焊【接】剂Welding conditions 焊接规范Welding connector 电缆夹头Welding contactor 电焊接触器Welding control 接触焊机断流器Welding crack 焊裂缝Welding current 焊接电流Welding cut bit 焊接工具Welding deformations 焊接变形Welding direction 焊接方向Welding dynamo 焊接发电机Welding electrode 电焊条,电焊电极Welding electrode hold 焊条夹Welding equipment 焊接设备Welding fixture 焊接夹具Welding flame 焊接火焰Welding flash 弧光灼伤Welding fluid 熔【焊】剂Welding flux 焊剂,焊药Welding force 阻焊加压;电极压力Welding from both sides 双面焊Welding from one side 单面焊Welding furnace 烧结炉Welding gauge 确定焊缝尺寸用样板Welding gang 焊工班,焊接组Welding generator电焊发动机Welding generator with differential excitation 差激电焊发动机Welding generator with split-Poles 裂极电焊发动机Welding glass 黑玻璃Welding gloves焊接手套Welding goggles 焊工护目镜Welding grade argon 焊接极氩,焊接用氩Welding grade gas 焊接级保护气体Welding ground 电焊地线Welding gun 焊枪,喷灯Welding gutter 焊管拉模Welding handle 焊条夹,电极夹钳Welding head 焊头,烙铁头,焊接机头Welding heat 焊热Welding heat input 焊接输入热量Welding helmet 焊工帽罩Welding holder 焊工握把Welding impulse 电焊脉冲Welding inspection 焊接检查Welding iron 烙铁Welding jig 焊接夹具Welding joint 焊接接头Welding lead 焊接引线Welding machine 焊机Welding manipulator 焊件支架Welding metal cracking 焊缝金属裂纹Welding method 焊接方法Welding motor generator 电动旋转式电焊机Welding neck (flange)对焊法兰Welding-on 焊合,镶焊,焊上Welding operation 焊接操作Welding operator 自动焊工Welding outfit 焊接配备Welding paste 焊接涂料Welding performance 焊接性能Welding pipe 焊接管Welding pistol 焊枪Welding point 焊接接头Welding pool 焊接熔池Welding portion 焊接部位,施焊部位Welding position 焊接部位Welding positioner 焊接胎架,可动焊接工作台Welding positioner roller 焊接定位滚轮Welding powder 焊粉Welding power lead 焊接用输电线Welding press 焊接压力机Welding pressure 焊接压力Welding procedure 焊接工艺,焊接程序Welding process 焊接法Welding quality 焊接质量Welding rectifier 电焊整流器Welding regulator 焊接[电流]调节器Welding research council 焊接研究委员会Welding residual stress 焊接残余应力Welding resistor 焊接电阻器Welding rod 焊条Welding rod coating 焊条上的焊药Welding rod core 焊条芯Welding rod extrusion press 焊条自动涂抹机,焊条压涂机Welding rolls 焊条辊Welding rules 焊接规则Welding screen 电焊遮光罩Welding seam 焊缝Welding sequence 焊接程序Welding set 焊接装置,电焊机组Welding set with a surge injector 脉冲稳弧焊接装置Welding set with DC suppression capacitors 电容抑制直流成分的焊接设备Welding set with H.F. ionizer 带高频电离的焊接装置Welding shop 焊接车间Welding slag 焊渣Welding sleeves [焊接用]套轴Welding socket 焊接管套(管接头)Welding source 焊接电源Welding spats 焊接用护脚Welding spatter 焊渣Welding steel 焊接钢Welding stick 焊丝,焊条Welding strain 焊接应变Welding stress 焊接应力Welding symbol 焊接符号,焊接代号Welding table 焊接工作台Welding temperature 焊接温度Welding thermit [铝]热剂(焊接用)welding tip 焊嘴,焊接吹管火口Welding tongs 焊钳Welding tool 焊接工具Welding torch 焊接喷灯,焊接吹管,焊炬Welding torch pipe 焊枪管Welding transformer 电焊变压器Welding tub 焊接熔池Welding wheel 盘状电极Welding wire 焊条,焊丝Welding-wire reel 焊丝卷圈Welding with backing 垫板焊Welding with flux backing 焊剂垫焊Welding with pressure 压焊Welding with weaving 横向摆动焊接Welding work 焊工工作Welding-in nozzle 焊入式喷嘴Welding interface 焊接界面Weld jig 焊接夹具Weld joint 焊缝,焊接接头Weld junction 熔合线,焊口Welding layer 焊接层Weld length 焊缝长度Weldless 无焊缝的,无缝的Weldless connection 非焊接式接头Weldless drawn pipe 拉制无缝管Weldless fitting 非焊接式接头Weldless pipe 无缝管Weldless steel tube 无[焊]缝钢管Weld line 焊接线Weld machined flush 削平补强的焊缝Weld mark 焊接痕,焊波Weldment 焊接件,焊接装配Weld mesh crate 焊接网格Weld metal 焊接金属,焊缝金属Weld metal cracking 焊缝裂纹Weld metal zone 焊接金属熔化区Weld on bottom 底焊Weldor 焊工Weld pass 焊接通道Weld penetration 焊穿,焊透深度,熔深Weld period 焊接时间Weld preparation 焊缝坡口加工Weld puddle 熔池Weld reinforcement 焊缝补强Weld ripple 焊缝波纹Weld rod 焊条Weld rotation 焊缝转角Weld seam 焊缝Weld slope 焊缝倾角Weld strain 焊接应变Weld strength 焊接强度,焊缝强度Weld surface 焊缝表面Weld time [接触焊的]通电时间Weld trimmer 焊缝清理机Weld up 焊补,焊封Weld wire 包钢铜丝Weldwood 胶合板Weld zone 焊接区Lack of fusion 未熔合Sharp edge 锐边Serrated edge 锯齿形边Torch cut 火焰切割Sawn 锯Air tight 气密性。
土建词汇(英汉)
Aa flight of stairs 一段楼梯abaciscus 嵌饰abatis 杩槎abat-vent 固定百叶窗abode 住宅abscissa 横座标absolute construction 独立结构absolute height 绝对高度abut 支柱,柱脚abutting joint 对接接头acceptance 接受,同意,验收acceptance certificate 验收证书acceptance check 验收acceptance of concrete work 混凝土工程的验收acceptance of hidden subsurface work 隐蔽工程的验收acceptance specification 验收规范access 出(入)口,通路access board 便桥access corridor (platform bridge) from power block to office building on theoperating floor 运转层上从主厂房到办公楼的交通走廊(天桥)access door 便门,检修门access eye 检查孔access gully 交通沟,窨井,雨水口access hole 检查孔access ramp 入口坡道access road 入口道路accessible duct 通行地沟accessories store 备品库accommodation ladder 舷梯accommodation road 专用道路accompanying diagram 附图accordion door 折叠门accordion partition 折叠式屏风acid brick 耐酸砖acid lining 耐酸衬砌acid resisting alloy 耐酸合金acid resisting cement 耐酸水泥acid resisting concrete 耐酸混凝土acid resisting stoneware 耐酸陶器acid waste 酸性废液acid-proof brick 耐酸砖acid-proof ceramic pipe 耐酸陶瓷管acid-proof mastic 耐酸胶泥acid-proof paint 耐酸油漆acid-proof varnish 耐酸清漆acid-protection coating 耐酸涂层acoustic absorbent 吸音材料acoustic construction 隔声构造acoustic design 声学设计,音质设计acoustic disturbance 声干扰acoustic felt 吸音毡acoustic field 声场acoustic plaster 吸音灰膏acoustic tile 吸音砖acoustic treatment 防声处理acoustic vault 吸声穹窿acoustical board 吸音板acoustical tile ceiling 吸音砖平顶ACP (asbestos cement pipe) 石棉水泥管across bulkhead 横向隔墙across grain 横向木纹acting surface 作用面actinic glass 光化玻璃,闪光玻璃action of gravity 重力作用action of pile group 群桩作用action radius 作用半径activated carbon 活性碳active fault 活动断层active pressure 主动压力active storage 有效容积,有效库容active thrust of earth 主动土压力actual load 实际荷载acute arch 尖拱,锐拱adamant 硬石,金刚石adamic earth 红粘土addendum 附加物,齿顶,附录,补遗addition of clay 掺粘土addition of sand 掺砂additional disturbing force 附加扰力additional load 附加荷载additional pipe 支管,接长管additive alternate 补充比较方案A-derrick 人字起重机,动臂起重机 adfreezing force 冻附力 adhesion 粘着力,附着力 adhesion agent 胶粘剂,粘着剂 adhesive 胶合剂,粘合剂 adhesive bitumen primer 冷底子沥青 adhesive coating 粘附层 adhesive film 粘附膜 adhesive strength 粘结强度 adhesive tape 胶带 adhesive water 吸附水,附着水,薄膜水 adhesive wax 封蜡,胶粘蜡 adit collar 支洞洞口,平洞洞口 adit entrance 坑道入口 adit opening 坑道入口 adjacent accommodation 邻近建筑物,厢房 adjacent block (混凝土)相邻浇筑块 adjacent country 相邻地区 adjacent lifts (混凝土)相邻浇筑层 adjacent map 相邻图 adjacent plank 踢脚板,门头线,门框边挺 adjoining building 邻近房屋 adjustable louver 可调百叶窗 adjustable prop 可调支柱 adjustable shelf 活动架 adjustable shore 可调支撑 adjustable sieve 可调筛 adjustable spanner 可调扳手,活动扳手 adjuster for windows 撑窗杆 adjusting device 调节装置 adjusting key 调整健 adjusting link 调节联杆 adjusting nut 调整螺母,调节螺母 adjusting rod 调整杆,调节杆 adjusting screw 调整螺钉,校整螺钉 adjusting shuttering 活动模板 adjusting wedge 调整锲块 administration building 行政办公楼 administration office 行政办公室 admixture 掺合料 adobe 灰质粘土,砖坯,风干砖,砖坯房,土墙 adobe construction 土坯建筑 adobe wall 土坯墙adretto 阳坡adumbral 遮阳的adumbration 轮廓,草图,速描advance angle 前置角adverse wind 逆风adz 刮刀,扁斧,锛子adz plane 刮刨adz-eye hammer 小铁锤AE (air entraining) 加气,掺气AE (architect engineering) 建筑工程(公司)aeolian 风成的,风积的aeolian material 风积物aeolian soil 风积土aerated concrete 加气混凝土aerated concrete block 加气混凝土砌块 aerial 架空的,空气的,架空线,天线 aerial cable 架空电缆aerial cableway 架空索道aerial conductor 架空电线,明线aerial conveyer 架空输送机aerial ladder 架空消防梯aerial lighthouse 航空灯塔aerial map 航测图aerial perspective 空中透视aerial railway 高架铁道aerial ropeway 架空索道,空中缆道aerial ropeway conveyer 架空索道输送机 aerial survey topographical map 航测地形图aerial tramway 架空电车道,高架电车道 aerial view 鸟瞰图aerial wire 天线,架空线aeroconcrete 加气混凝土aerocrete 加气混凝土aeroview 鸟瞰图aesthetic standard 审美标准after contraction 残余收缩after flow 残余塑性变形,蠕变after quake 余震after shock 余震after shrinkage 后期收缩after tack 软化,回粘after treatment 二次处理after-working 后效age dating 年代测定,年龄测定age hardening 时效硬化age of concrete 混凝土龄期age of specimen 试件龄期aged cement 老化水泥ageing crack 自然裂纹,时效裂纹ageing resistance 抗老化性,耐久性agglomerate 聚集,结块,团块,烧结块agglomerate-foam concrete 烧结矿渣泡沫混凝土aggradation 淤积,淤高,填积aggradation plain 沉积平原,淤积平原aggraded flood plain 洪积平原aggregate 骨料aggregate bin 骨料仓aggregate chips 石屑aggregate gradation 骨料级配,骨料分级aggregate grading 选配集料,集料级配aggregate reclaiming plant 骨料场,砾石料场aggregate roofing surface 骨料屋面aggregate size 骨料粒径aggregate-cement ratio 骨料水泥比,骨灰比agitating device 搅拌装置agitating lorry 搅拌车agitating truck 搅拌车agitation 搅拌,搅动,拌和agitation dredging 搅动挖泥agitator 搅拌机agraff 搭钩,搭扣A-horizon 表土层,上土层aiguille 钻头,钻孔器aiming light 标灯aiming line 瞄准线aiming post 标杆air brick 空心砖air bubble 气泡,砂眼air casing 气隔层air cavity 气穴,空穴air cement gun 水泥喷枪air channel 通风道,排气道air chimney 通风道,排气道air chute 通风道,排气道air compressor station 空气压缩机房air flue 气道,风道,烟道air hammer 气锤air painter 喷漆设备air passage 通风道,排气道air pick 风镐air pile hammer 气动打桩机air pit 通风井air pocket 气穴,气孔,麻点air rammer 气动夯锤air receiver 储气罐air stopping 挡风(墙)air tamper 气动夯锤air void 气孔,空隙air void ratio (土的)空隙比air well 通风井air-curing 空气养护air-free concrete 密实混凝土air-inflated structure 充气结构air-intake shaft 通风竖井,进气竖井air-placed concrete 气压浇注混凝土air-tight door 密封门airway 通气孔,风道,航空线aisle 通道,过道,走廊aisle gradient 通道坡度aisle wall 过道墙alameda 林荫散步道albanite 地沥清albertite 黑沥清albronze 铝青铜,铜铝合金alclad 镀铝的,包铝的,衬铝alfalfa gate 金属板滑动门,螺旋式闸门alignment 定线,找平,对齐alignment design 定线设计alkali earth 碱(性)土all-brick building 全砖建筑all-concrete 全混凝土的allen screw 六角固定螺钉alley-stone 矾石all-haydite concrete 全陶粒混凝土alligator-hide crack 龟裂alligatoring 龟裂,表面裂痕all-in aggregate 毛骨料allowable amplitude 容许振幅allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力allowable bearing pressure 容许承载力allowable error 容许误差allowable factor of safety 容许安全系数allowable flexural stress 容许弯曲应力allowable load 容许荷载allowable pile bearing load 单桩容许荷载allowable pressure 容许压力allowable settlement 容许沉降量allowable strength 容许强度allowable stress design (ASD) 许用应力设计allowable value 容许值alloy 合金alpine road 高山道路alpine valley 高山河谷alternate bay 隔仓alternate design 比较设计(方案)alternate joint 错缝,错列接头alternate layout 比较设计(方案),比较布置(方案)alternate load 交变荷载alternate tooth slot 交错齿缝alternating bending 反复弯曲alternating load 交变荷载alternating motion 往复运动alternating stress 交变应力altitude 高程,海拔,高度altitude difference 高度差altitude gage 高度计,测高仪altitude level 测高水准仪alum 明矾,硫酸铝aluminium frame door 铝框门alure 廊道,通道,院廊ambient temperature 环境温度,室温ambulatory 回廊,步道amended plan 修正计划,修正平面图amount of precipitation 降雨量amplitude of vibration 振幅amusement hall 娱乐厅anchor 地锚anchor bar 锚固筋anchor bolt 地脚螺栓anchorage 抛锚,锚固,锚具,锚座anchorage beam 锚梁anchorage bearing 锚座anchorage block 锚墩,锚块anchorage cable 锚索anchorage length 锚固长度anchorage pier 锚墩anchored sheet piling 锚定式板桩ancon 肋托,悬臂托梁angle 角钢angle bar 角铁,角钢angle bead 护角,角条angle bond 角砌合,墙角拉筋,角形弯条angle brace 角撑angle branch 弯管,肋管angle catch 窗插销angle cleat 连接角钢angle fillet 三角焊缝,三角形盖板angle of repose (堆料的)安息角,休止角annex room 前室,辅助小室anodized natural aluminium colour 阳极化处理天然铝色an-seismic 抗震的anta 壁端柱antechamber 前厅,接待室antefix 檐口饰antehall 前厅anteklise 台背斜,陆背斜anteport 外门,外槛anteroom 前厅antesolariun 朝日阳台ante-venna 遮阳板,遮阳棚anti-abrasive 耐磨损的antibreaker 防碎装置anti-checking iron 扒钉,防裂钩anti-corrosion 防腐蚀anticorrosive paint 防腐涂料,防锈油漆anti-dazzle lighting 防眩灯光antidetonation 防爆,抗爆antidetonator 防爆剂,抗爆剂anti-dirt 防尘antidrip 防滴,防漏antifatigue 耐疲劳anti-fluctuator 缓冲器antifrost 防冻的,防霜的antiknock 减振,消振antinoise 防噪声的,抗噪声的anti-overloading 防过载的antioxidant 抗氧化剂,防老化剂antipollution 防污染antiputrefactive 防腐的antiresonance 防共振,防共鸣anti-rolling 防滚动的antirot 防腐的antirust 防锈的antirust coat 防锈涂层antirust composition 防锈混合剂antirust grease 防锈脂antirust oil 防锈油antirust paint 防锈漆,防锈涂料antirust solution 防锈溶液antirust varnish 防锈清漆antiscale 防垢antiseep collar 防渗环antiseepage 防渗漏anti-seismic 防震的,抗震的anti-seismic joint 抗震缝anti-settling agent 抗沉淀剂anti-shrink 抗缩的,耐缩的antiskid 防滑,抗滑anti-slide pile 抗滑桩anti-sludge 抗淤沉,去垢anti-superheating 防止过热(装置)anti-symmetrical load 反对称荷载,不对称荷载antisyphonage pipe 反虹吸管anti-thrust 止推的anti-wind beam 抗风梁anvil 铁砧,砧座,基准面,平台anvil block 砧座apatite 磷灰石aperture 小孔,壁孔,开口,缝隙apex angle 顶角apex of arch 拱顶A-pole A形柱apomecometer 测距仪aposandstone 石英岩appearance of fracture 断口形状,断口外观appentice 厢房,耳房apple coal 沥清煤application of force 施力application of load 施加荷载application program 应用程序applied force 外加力applied load 外加荷载applied moment 外施力矩applied thrust 外施推力approach bank 引堤approach bridge 引桥approach channel 引水渠,引航道,进港航道approach cutting 进洞引道挖方,引桥挖方approach embankment 引道路堤approach fill 引道填方,引桥approach ramp 引道斜坡段,引桥坡道approach road 引路,引道approach segment 临近段,临近部分approach sign 引道标志approach span 引桥跨,岸跨approach trench 交通沟,窨井,雨水口approach trestle 引道栈桥approach viaduct 高架引桥apron 散水apron flashing 遮檐板,披水板apron piece 遮檐板,披水板apron space 码头前沿区apron stone 护脚石apron wall 前护墙apse 半圆室apse-buttress 半圆室支墩apsidal 半圆室的apt (apartment) 一套房间,公寓apteral 无侧柱的aqua storage tank 储水池aqueduct bridge 渠桥,渡槽araeosystyle 对柱式的,对柱式建筑物arc melting 电弧溶化arc welding 电弧焊arc welding set 电弧焊机arcade 有拱廊的走道arcaded 有拱廊的,有拱顶的arch 拱arch abutment 拱座,拱坝坝肩arch bar 拱板arch barrel 拱形筒壳arch block 拱块,拱面石arch bond 拱砌合arch brick 拱形砖arch bridge 拱桥arch buttress 拱形支墩arch camber 拱矢,起拱arch cover 拱板,拱形屋盖arch crown 拱冠,拱顶arch falsework 拱形脚手架arch hinged at ends 双铰拱arch in trellis work 格形拱arch limb 拱翼arch-braced roof 拱支屋顶arch-core 拱心arched 起拱的arched dome 圆顶穹窿arched roof 拱形屋顶arch-flat 平拱arching 架拱,形成拱状,起拱作用archit (architecture) 建筑学architect 建筑师architective 建筑的,关于建筑的architectonic 建筑术的,构造的,结构的architectonics 建筑原理,建筑学,建筑设计,结构设计architectural 建筑上的,建筑学的architectural appearance and elevational treatment 建筑外观和立面处理architectural compatibility 建筑调和性,建筑协调性architectural complex 建筑群,建筑综合体architectural composition 建筑构造architectural design 建筑设计architectural ornament 建筑装饰物architectural style 建筑风格,建筑式样architectural treatment 建筑处理architecture 建筑学,建筑艺术architrave 框缘,(柱的)下楣,嵌线archives 档案,档案馆archway 拱廊,拱道archy 拱形的arciform 拱形的,弓形的arcuated 拱式的,弓形的are 公亩(等于100平方米)area drain 露天排水斗,地面排水沟area grating 阴井格盖area load 面荷载area method 面积法area of building 建筑面积area of pile head 桩头面积area of pumping depression 抽水降水区,抽水漏斗区area of reinforcement 钢筋面积area of section 截面积area of steel 钢筋面积area of structure 构筑物面积area of supply 补给区,补给面积area-moment method 力矩面积法,面积法areaway (建筑物之间的)通道,(地下室前的)空地arenaceous 砂质的,多砂的arenaceous limestone 砂质石灰岩arenaceous quartz 石英砂arenaceous rock 砂质岩arenose 粗砂arenyte 粗屑岩,砂粒岩argil 白土,陶土,矾土argilla 陶土,高龄土,铝氧土argillaceous 泥质的,含陶土的,粘土质的argillaceous rock 泥质岩argillaceous sandstone 泥质砂岩arid 干旱的arm 杆,臂,支架,扶手arm crane 悬臂式起重机arm of balance 平衡臂,秤杆arm of couple 力偶臂arm of force 力臂arm of wheel 轮辐armature 电枢,加强料,钢筋,附件arm-brace 撑脚armchair 扶手椅armor coat 护层armor course 道路护面层armor layer 护面层armor-clad 铠装的armored 包铁皮的armored concrete 钢筋混凝土armored door 装甲门,防火门armored glass 钢化玻璃,防弹玻璃armored wood 包铁木材armrest 扶手,靠手arm-tie 横臂拉条,斜撑,拉板arrangement drawing of the power plant area 电厂厂区布置图arrangement of the underground facilities for the power plant area 电厂厂区地下设施布置arrester 避雷器arris 棱(角),尖脊arris gutter V形檐槽arris of joint 接缝圆角arris of slab 板棱,板肋arris rail 三角轨arris-wise 成对角方向(砌砖)arroyo 干河道,旱谷,小河ARS (asbestos roof shingle) 石棉屋顶瓦art glass 彩色艺术玻璃arterial canal 干渠,总渠arterial drain 排水干沟arterial highway 干线公路arterial railway 干线铁路arterial road 干线道路arterial street 干线街道,主要街道artery 干线,大道,大路,动脉artesian (flowing) well 自流井artesian fountain 自喷喷泉artesian ground water 自流地下水articulated 铰接的articulated construction 装配式结构,活节式结构articulated dumper 铰接式翻斗车articulation 铰,关节,接合(方式)artificial 人工的,人造的artificial ground 人工地基artisan 技工,工匠artistry 艺术形,艺术手法,效果as per ... 按照... asb (asbestos) 石棉asbestic tile 石棉瓦asbeston 防火布asbestonite 石棉绝热材料asbestophalt 石棉沥青as-built drawing 竣工图ascent 爬高,上升,坡度,斜坡,(一段)阶梯as-dug gravel 原状砾石aseismic design 抗震设计aseismic region 无地震区aseismic structure 抗震结构aseptic 无菌的,防腐的,防腐剂ash 灰,粉尘,火山灰,煤渣,槐木ash bed 火山灰层ash bin 出灰桶,垃圾桶ash can 垃圾桶ash cellar 灰坑ash dump 灰堆ash hole 出灰口ash sluicing pump house 冲灰泵房ash water pump house 灰水泵房ashl (ashlar) 琢石,方石,条石,(装饰墙面的)石板ashlar facing 琢石镶面ashlaring 砌方石墙面,贴方石墙面ASL (above sea level) 海拔高度aspect 方向,方位,状况,形状,外观aspect of slope 坡向aspect ratio 长宽比,长径比,形态比asphalite 沥青矿,沥青岩asphalt base oil 沥青冷底子油asphalt board strip 沥青填缝条asphalt built-up roofing 沥青组合屋面asphalt felt 油毛毡asphalt jute cloth 沥青黄麻布assembling jig 装配机架,装配夹具assembling joint 装配接头assembly drawing 装配图,组装图assembly shop 装配车间assessable land 可征土地asymmetric configuration 不对称结构at one pouring 一次浇灌at one’s own cost (expense) 由某人自己出钱at one’s own risk 承担风险,(损失)自己负责ATC (acoustical tile ceiling) 吸声砖吊顶ATF (asphalt tile floor) 沥青砖地面atomizing spraying 雾化喷涂atrium 天井,前厅,门廊attached building 附联建筑物,配套建筑物attached pier 扶垛,支墩attachment link 连接杆attachment screw 连接螺钉,止动螺钉attic 顶楼,阁楼,屋顶室attic story 阁楼,屋顶层attle 废矿渣audience chamber 接见室,会见室audience room 接见室,会见室auditorium 大会堂,音乐厅auger 螺旋钻,麻花钻auger bit 螺旋钻头auger hole 钻孔auger stem 螺旋钻杆auget 雷管austral window 南窗,滑动窗,推拉窗autobahn 高速公路,快车道autocrane 汽车式起重机automatic door 自动门auxiliary stair 便梯auxiliary station 副厂房auxiliary structure 辅助建筑avalanche 崩落,崩塌,雪崩avalanche baffle 塌方防御设施avalanche control works 防崩工程avalanche defence 防塌,崩塌防护avalanche prevention works 防坍工程avenue 林荫道,道路,(南北向)街道average annual precipitation 平均年降水量average annual rainfall 平均年降雨量average annual runoff 平均年泾流量average grading 平均级配average grain diameter 平均粒径avoid any glare on the panels 避免盘上有任何眩光award of contract 签订合同awn (awning) 遮篷,凉篷,雨篷awning type window 篷式窗axed arch 斧斩拱面axial compression 轴向压缩,轴向受压axial elongation 轴向伸长axial force 轴向力axial load 轴向荷载axial strain 轴向应变axial stress 轴向应力axial symmetry 轴对称axial tension 轴向拉伸,轴向受拉axial torque 轴向转矩,轴向扭矩axial translation 轴向位移axis 轴,轴线axisymmetric 轴对称的axonometric projection 三向投影,不等角投影axonometry 轴测法,三向正投法azimuth 方位角,地平经度azimuth mark 方位标azimuth-elevation 方位-高程azimuth-range 方位-距离azure spar 天兰石azure stone 天兰石,青金石BB&S (beam and stringers) 横梁与纵梁back arch 拱背,墙内暗拱back bead 封低焊道,填角焊缝back brace 后部斜撑back coat 底层涂料back cutting 回挖,必要的超挖部分back drain 墙背排水管back elevation 后视图back filling 回填土back flap 里扉,里垂帘back guy 拉揽,牵索back heading 通风巷道back house 后屋back joint 待填槽back leg 背面支柱back lining 背衬,背衬料back nail 平钉back nut 防松螺帽,反向螺帽 back of arch 拱背 back of levee 堤背 back shop 修理厂,修理车间 back shore 背撑,顶撑 back shutter 里百叶窗 back stair 后楼梯 back view 后视图,背视图 back wall 后墙,胸墙 backboard 底板,后板,背靠,背后挡板 backbone 骨干,骨架,构架,主干 backbone road 干道 backer 支持物,衬垫物 backer brick 墙心砖,背衬梁 backfill 回填土 back-filled 回填 backfilling tamper 回填夯 back-flap hinge 明铰链 backform 后模,顶模 backhaul cable 后拖缆绳 backing 反向,后退,支架,靠背,背衬,里壁 backing brick 墙心砖,背衬砖 backing of veneer 饰面板里层 backing of wall 墙托 backing of window 窗托 backing plank 衬板 backing sand 填充砂 backing strip 垫板 back-land 腹地,后方 backplan 底视图 backsetting (砌墙)收进 backstay 拉索 backstay anchor 拉索锚定 backstay cable 拉索 backstop 托架,止回器,后障 back-to-back angles T 形组合角钢,背靠背组合角钢 back-up brick 墙心砖,衬里砖 back-up plate 垫片 backyard 后院,后天井 badigeon 油灰 badland 荒原,瘠地,崎岖地 badly graded sand 级配不良砂 baffle board 挡板,折流板,隔音板 baffle mixing chamber 隔板式混合池 baffle pier 消力墩,分水墩baffle plate 挡板,隔板,遮护板,折流板,门槛baffle reaction chamber 隔板式反应池 baffle sill 消力槛,门槛baffle structure 消力设施,消力建筑物 baffle wall 消力墙,分水墙baffler 挡板,隔墙,消声器,导流板,消力器baffle-type 挡板式的,百叶窗式的 bag dam 土袋埝坝bagged cement 袋装水泥baghouse 集尘室,沉渣室bagwork 砂包,袋装干拌混凝土bail 戽斗,桶,横木,吊环,钩,卡钉 bailer 水斗,泥浆泵,抽泥桶bailey bridge 活动便桥bailey span 贝利式(桁架)桥跨bailey truss 贝利式桁架bakelite 酚醛塑料,胶木,电木baking finish 烤漆,烘漆balance cuts and fills 均衡挖填,挖填土方平衡balance of arch 拱脚balanced earthwork 平衡土方工程balanced sash 平衡式窗框,平衡式窗扇 balanced step 均衡踏步,平衡阶梯 balconied 有阳台的balcony 阳台baling 脚手杆balk 大梁,枕木balk board 隔板,障碍板,防护板 balk roofing 重屋面ball bonding 球焊,球形接头,铰节 ball flower 圆球饰ball joint 球节,球窝接头ballast 压舱物,压块,道渣,碎石,石渣 ballast bed 石渣路基ballast chamber 压块室,平衡重室 ballast concrete 石渣混凝土ballast road 石渣路ballasted 铺道渣的ballasted deck 铺道渣(铁路)桥面 ballasted floor 铺渣桥面 balling-up of cement 水泥(受潮)起球 balloon construction 轻型构造,轻型结构 balloon frame 轻型骨架 balsa wood 轻木,软木 Baltimore truss 平行弦再分式桁架 baluster 栏杆小柱 baluster column 栏杆柱 baluster railing 立柱栏杆 balustrade 栏杆,扶手 bamboo 竹材 bamboo concrete 竹筋混凝土 bamboo fence 竹篱笆 bamboo scaffolding 竹材脚手架 band and gudgeon 长铰,大门门铰 band iron 扁铁条,(窄)带钢 band molding 带状线脚 band rope 扁钢丝绳 band tape 卷尺 bandage 绷带,防潮带,铁箍,纽绳 banded architrave 带饰门头线 banded column 带饰柱,箍柱 banded penstock 加箍压力钢管 banded steel pipe 加箍钢管 bandlet 细带 banister 栏杆小柱 banister brush 软毛刷 banjo fixing 对接接头 bank caving 淘岸,塌岸 bank cutting 河岸侵蚀 bank erosion 堤岸冲刷 bank grading 河岸修坡 bank gravel 河卵石,河岸砾石 bank measure 填方数量 bank paving 护岸 bank protection 护岸(工程) bank revetment 护岸 bank seat 河岸(加固)桩 bank yards 未扰动土石方量(以立方码计) banked 筑有堤的,筑成堤状的,倾斜的 banked earth 储存土(填土用) bankette 弃土堆,填土,护坡道 bankhead 丁岸,岸首,坑口 banking 筑堤,填土,堆积,斜度 bank-run 河岸边的banquette 弃土堆,护坡道,凸部,窗口凳,人行道bar 钢筋bar bender 钢筋弯曲工,弯筋工bar chair 钢筋支座bar chart 柱状图,条形图bar cropper 钢筋剪断机bar cutter 钢筋剪断机bar drill 杆钻bar mat 钢筋网bar screen 格栅,格网,铁栅筛bar shape (棒形)型钢bar steel 棒钢bar stock 棒材,条材bar support 钢筋座bar tracery 铁杆窗格bar with hooked end 带钩钢筋barb bolt 刺螺栓,地脚螺栓barbed nail 刺钉barbed wire 刺铁丝bar-bending schedule 钢筋表bare-cut slope 新开挖的边坡bare-faced tenon 裸面榫头bare-faced tongue 裸面榫舌barge board 挡风板,山墙封檐板 barge couple 山墙上的橼barge course 山墙沿瓦,山墙沿石板 barge stone 山墙凸石,封檐石barn truss 三铰构架式桁架barracks 工棚,临时工房barrage 拦河坝,拦河闸,挡水建筑物,障碍物barred door (gate) (无门板)栅门 barrel vault 筒壳barren 荒芜的,贫瘠的,多孔的,不毛之地barricade 路障,栅栏,隔板,挡墙 barrier 障碍物,栅栏,隔板barrier layer 阻隔层barycenter 重心,质心basal disc 基盘basalt 玄武岩base 底板,底座base block 柱脚石,门基石base brick 碱性砖base coat 底涂层base course 基层,底层,下垫层base court 里院base failure 基础破坏base flashing 基层泛水base frame 底座,支架base lacquer 底漆base level 基准面base load 基本荷载base map 底图,工作草图base molding 底座线脚base plate 底板,地脚板base rock 基岩base treatment 地基处理base-bar 基线杆baseboard 护壁板,踢脚板basement 底层,地下室basement complex 基底杂岩basementless 无地下室的basic earthquake intensity 基本地震烈度basic load 基本荷载,主要荷载basic wind speed 基本风速basin room 洗餐具室basket 花篮状柱头,篮,吊篮,铲斗basket capital 花篮状柱头basket handle arch 三心拱basswood 椴木bastard pointing 粗嵌缝bastard stucco 粗粒水泥粉刷bastard tuck pointing 粗嵌灰缝bat 板条,挂瓦条batch bin 配料仓batch box 配料量斗batch of concrete 分批(拌和的)混凝土batch of mortar 分批(拌和的)砂浆batch plant 配料装置,拌和厂,拌和楼batched water (混凝土)一次拌和用水batching plant (混凝土)拌和厂,拌和楼bate pits 脱灰,脱斑bateau bridge 浮桥batement-light 跛窗bath closet 浴池更衣室bathroom 浴室bathtub 澡盆,浴缸bathymetric line 等深线batten 板条,挂瓦条,压缝条batten board 板条心胶合板batten door 板条门batten ends 短板条(铺地板用)batten floor 木条地板batten plate 缀合板batten plate column 缀合柱(缀板式)batten sheet piling 打板条桩battened partition 板条隔墙battened strut 钉板条的支柱battened wall 板条墙battening 钉板条batter (墙壁)内倾,倾斜,斜坡batter board 龙门板,定位板batter brace (桁架)斜撑batter leg tower 斜柱塔架batter pier 斜面桥墩batter post 斜柱battered pilaster 斜面壁柱battering wall 倾斜墙battery room 蓄电池室battlement 城墙垛bauxite 铝矾土bay 开间,跨度,柱距bay delta 海湾三角洲bay harbor 港湾bay wall 池墙bay window 凸窗,八角窗bayonet 接合销钉,卡口bayonet fixing 卡口式固定,管脚固定bayou 牛轭湖,河川支流BB (baseboard) 踢脚板be compacted at optimum moisture content 以最优含水量压(夯)实be in harmony with the architectural design of ... 与...的建筑设计相协调be located at (in) ... 位于...,座落在...be responsible for ... 对...负有责任,担负,是(造成)...的(主要)原因beacon 标志(桩),指示标,灯塔,信号塔bead 焊珠,墙角圆bead joint 圆凸勾缝beading fillet 凸圆线脚,半圆饰边beak 柱尖,壳尖beam 梁beam and girder construction 主次梁结构beam and girder floor 主次梁式楼板beam bearing block 梁垫块beam of variable cross-section 变截面梁beam on elastic foundation 弹性地基梁beam pad 梁垫beam with fixed ends 固端梁beam with simply supported ends 简支梁beam-column 梁柱,偏心受力柱beams with one overhanging end 悬臂梁beard 倒钩bearer 载体,支座,托架,承木bearing course 承重层bearing pile 支承桩bearing plate 支承垫板,承重板bearing pressure 承压力bearing wall 承重墙bearing-type high strength bolt 承压型高强度螺栓beautification 美化,装饰beaver board 木纤维板becket 环索,绳环bed course 垫层bed molding 深凹饰bed of brick 砖铺垫层bed piece 垫板,底板,座板bed soil 地基bed timber 垫木,枕木bedding 基底,垫层bedding mortar 垫层砂浆bedding of brick 砖铺垫层bedding slip 层面滑动beech 山毛榉beef wood 硬红木beetling cliff 悬崖beetling wall 峭壁Belfast roof truss 弓形屋顶桁架Belfast truss 弓形桁架bell end 承插端,扩大端belled-out pile 扩底桩,扩孔桩belled-out pit 扩大竖井belled-out section 扩大断面bell-mouthed opening 漏斗口bell-shaped capital 钟形柱头bellying in 向内凸胀bellying out 向外凸胀below ground 地面以下below-norm 限额以下belt 地带,环形铁路belt conveyor floor 运输皮带层belt heading 运输巷道belt highway 环路,带状公路belt line 环形线belt of weathering 分化带belting course 带状层,垫层bench blasting 阶梯式爆破,台阶式爆破bench cut 阶梯式开挖,台阶式开挖bench excavation 阶梯式开挖bench flume 支架式渡槽bench land 台地bench mark 水准点,基准点bench method 台阶式挖土法,分层开挖法bench section 横断面bench slopes 台阶式边坡bench terrace 梯田,台地,阶地bench wall 拱座benched 阶梯式的,台阶式的benched foundation 阶梯式基础benchtop cave 半敞开小室bend in river 河湾,河曲bending 弯曲bending moment 弯矩bending moment envelope 弯矩包络线bent 弯曲,弯头,排架bent frame 排架bentonite 膨润土,斑脱土,斑脱岩bent-up bar 弯起钢筋berm 护坡道,(公路两旁的)路肩berth 停泊处,泊位berthage 泊位,停泊费besel 监视窗,监视孔betterment 改善,改进,改良,修缮和扩建bevel 斜面,斜角,倾斜,斜削beveled edge 斜削边,坡口边,倒斜板边bevelled sleeper 楔形垫木bias torque 偏转力矩bicable ropeway 双揽索道biconcave 双面凹的biconvex 双面凸的bifurcated line 分叉线bifurcation structure 分叉结构,分水结构big-end-down 上小下大的big-end-up 上大下小的bike shed 自行车棚bilection 凸出嵌线bilevel 错落式住宅bilge 弯度,矢高,拱度,鼓胀,突出,舱底bill of quantities 工程量表bimoment 双力矩bin 料仓,料斗,斜坡道bina 坚硬粘土岩bind 结合,粘合,系杆,撑条,胶泥,页岩binder 粘合剂,系梁binding agent 粘结剂binding beam 联接梁binding bolt 连接螺栓binding power 结合力,粘合力binding rivet 结合铆钉,紧固铆钉binding screw 结合螺钉,紧固螺钉biparting doors 双扇门,对开门bipod 双脚架birch 桦木bird’s-eye view 鸟瞰图bitulith (路面用)沥青混凝土bitulithic pavement 沥青混凝土路面bitumen 沥青bituminous felt 石油沥青油毡black and white work 木石构造blackout building 无窗房屋blacksmith shop 锻工车间blading compaction 刮平压实blank arcade 封闭拱廊,假拱廊blank arch 轻拱,假拱,装饰拱blank door 假门,暗门blank wall 无门窗的墙blank window 假窗,暗窗blanket area 覆盖面积blast-furnace cement 高炉矿渣水泥blast-resistant door 防爆门bleeding cement (混凝土)水泥浮浆bleeding of concrete 混凝土泌浆(现象)blind balustrade 实心栏杆blind ditch 暗沟,盲沟,填碎石的排水沟壑blind door 百叶门,暗门,装饰门blind drain (排水)暗沟blind drainage 暗沟排水blind tracery 实心窗格blind wall 无窗墙blind window 百叶窗blinding 堵塞,填塞,盖土,填砂石blinding concrete 盖面混凝土,填充混凝土blinding layer (基础)垫层blinding material 透水填料,暗沟填料blister 气泡,气孔,起皮block 块体,砌块,街区,大楼block and cross bond 丁砖与顺砖交叉砌合block bond 丁砖与顺砖隔层砌合block bridging 横撑block capital 方块式柱头block cast 整铸block caving 大块坍落block construction 大型砌块结构block joint 预留砖孔,预留混凝土块孔(作接头用)block lining 混凝土板块衬砌block mount 组合装配block out 画草图,拟计划block placement (混凝土)分区浇筑block plan 分区平面block up 堵塞,垫高blockage 堵塞,封闭,锁定,障碍物,小方石blocked course 块状砌物blocked fault 块(状)断层blocked finish (混凝土)表面磨光(用金刚砂)blocked joint 分段连结blockglide 块状滑动,地块滑坍 blockhouse 木屋,工棚,砌块屋,地堡,水泥掩体 block-in-course 嵌入锲块层,成层砌石块体 blocking 阻塞,分段,分块,压檐墙 blocking level 阻挡层 blockyard (混凝土)预制构件厂 blue brick 青砖 blueprint 蓝图,晒图 bluff 悬崖,陡壁,天然陡坡 bluff work 边坡整平工作 board 木板 boarding 隔板,镶板,地板,板条,起纹 board-rule 量木尺 boasted ashlar 粗凿石板 boasting (石料的)粗琢 boatswain’s chair 高处工作台(绳系吊板) bob 秤锤,悬锤 bobtail truss 截尾桁架 body brick 优质烧透砖 body case 壳体,外壳 body of ballast 道渣层 body plan 正面图 body stress 自重应力 boiler house 锅炉房 Bollman truss 包尔曼桁架(多弦三角形桁架) bolster 垫枕,垫块,支撑物,承梁板,托木 bolt 螺栓,插销,门闩 bolt head 螺栓头 bolus 团块,胶块土,陶土 bond 粘合,砌合,胶结,粘合剂,粘合力 bond beam 结合梁 bond between concrete and steel 钢筋与混凝土的结合力 bond open 焊缝裂开,焊接断开 bond tile 搭接瓦 bondability (钢筋与混凝土的)结合力,握裹力 bonded roof 砌合屋顶 bonded tendon 与混凝土结合的预应力钢筋束 bonder 砌墙石,顶砖bonder wire (钢筋)绑扎钢丝bonding 支撑,加固,砖石砌体砌合 bonding brick 空心墙连接砖,接合砖 bone 骨架bonnet hip tile 屋脊弯瓦boom 吊杆,起重臂,钻架,横木,栏木,横江铁索boom net 栅栏网booth 小房子,小亭,公用电话亭,暗箱,窝棚border 边缘,框,壁,周界,国界,路缘,田埂border dike 围堤bordering 边界标志物,边,缘borderland 交界地区,边缘地bore pit 探井,钻探坑bored cast-in-place pile 钻孔灌注桩,钻孔桩bored pile 钻孔(灌注)桩borehole 钻孔borehole log 钻孔柱状图boring 钻探boring frame 钻探架,钻井架borrow 取土,采料,采料场borrow pit 取土坑,采料场bosom 对接连接角钢,角撑Boston caisson 管柱沉井施工法bottom chord 下弦bottom cut 底槽,下部掏槽bottom die 底模bottom door 排水底孔,清扫孔,底门 bottom flange (梁的)底翼缘bottom view 底视图bottom rail (门窗的)下横档bottoming 石块铺底bottomland 盆地,洼地,滩地bottom-up 倒置,颠倒boundary wall 厂区围墙bow girder 弓形大梁bow member 弓形构件bowl 洼地box beam 箱形梁box cut 开挖槽。
【同声传译技巧大全】英汉同声传译的常用技巧
【同声传译技巧大全】英汉同声传译的常用技巧英汉同声传译的常用技巧一.断句同声传译首先要减轻记忆负担。
断句技巧的实质是要断得好接得好(即如何迅速合理地把句子断开,然后再自然地把断开的句子重新衔接起来)例句1.icametochinaatanimportanttime.Si:我到中国来访问,正逢一个重要的时刻。
笔译:我是在一个重要的时刻来到中国的。
2.aristotle,thegreatestoftheancientGreekwriters,hadwrittenaworkcontainin galltheknowledgeofhistime.Sia:亚里士多德,这位最伟大的古希腊作家,曾写了一部囊括同时代所有知识的著作。
SiB:亚里士多德是最伟大的古希腊作家,曾写了一部囊括同时代所有知识的著作。
笔译:最伟大的古希腊作家亚里士多德曾写了一部囊括同时代所有知识的著作。
Exercises1.ThespeedofintegrationininternationaltradeofLdcshasbeenslow.ernmentshaveacrucialroletoplayinpromotingsocialhumandevelopme ntandinprovidingthepoorwithnecessaryworkingskills.3.Theywillgetthepreparationdonebeforeconsideringotherproposals.(反说)4.weshallvoteonthedraftdecisionafterwehavevotedontheamendments.(反说)二.词性转换由于英汉两种语言在表达方式上的差别,也由于同传中顺句驱动的需要,适当的词性转换可以使译文通顺自然。
特别是英语非动词(包括名词,形容词,介词,分词等)转成汉语动词,可以说是英汉词性转换中使用最多的类型。
例句见课件Exercises1.abetterknowledgeofthelocalculturewillhelpourwork.2.implementationofinternationalhumanrightsstandardsisextremelyimporta nt.3.Theywanttousemilitaryforceagainstso-calledterroristcountries.(介-动)4.Youandyourcountrywagedalongstruggleforsocialjustice.(介-动)5.Reformersneedtangibleevidenceofrisinglivingstandards.三.等待指的是在Si中有意识地等一下,等到上下文较清楚时才开口翻译。
语篇层面汉译英中的衔接与连贯
语篇层面汉译英中的衔接与连贯摘要:衔接与连贯在语篇翻译中起着重要的作用。
中西人民思维方式的差异决定了中西之间的表达方式的不同,因此语篇的连接方式都有各自的特点。
在汉译英中要认真考虑如何遵循彼此的语言习惯,用不同的实现方式使译文能衔接紧凑。
关键词:衔接连贯语篇翻译实现方式衔接与连贯在语篇翻译中是最重要的两个成篇手段。
中西思维模式存在很大差异,因此两种语言语篇衔接方式也是不同的。
在汉英翻译中,译者通常要对原文衔接手段进行转换或调整以使内容对等,保证意义上的连贯。
因此,本文就汉英翻译中衔接与连贯的处理方法作一粗浅的探讨。
一、语篇的衔接与连贯韩礼德和哈桑在《英语中的衔接》中认为,衔接是产生语篇的必要条件。
衔接主要分为照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接五大类。
前四类属于语法衔接手段,后一类属于词汇衔接手段,具体包括原词复现、同义、下义和搭配等(韩礼德和哈桑,2001)。
连贯也是建构语篇的重要标准。
黄国文指出:“连贯指的是语篇中语义的关联,它存在于语篇的底层,通过逻辑推理来达到语义连接;它是语篇的无形网络”(黄国文,1997)。
衔接具有显性的语言表现方式,出现在语篇的表层结构,而连贯是对语篇进行解释的结果。
衔接是词汇和语法方面的手段,而连贯是采用衔接手段所得到的结果。
二、汉译英中衔接与连贯的重要性中西人民思维方式存在较大差异,以致中西之间的表达方式有较大区别,语篇的连接方式也有各自的特点。
汉语重意合,英语重形合。
意合指形隐义在。
形合指形显义明。
这些特点决定在汉译英中要认真考虑这些因素,思考如何遵循彼此的语言习惯,使译文衔接紧凑。
衔接是将语篇中的句子连接为一个整体从而创造连贯的重要手段,进而构建连贯的语篇。
语篇衔接的好坏直接关系到一个语篇能否容易被读者理解和接受。
因此在翻译活动中,如果原文的衔接和连贯不能很好地传达出来,就会影响译文的可读性(罗选民,1990)。
三、汉译英中衔接与连贯的实现方式下面仅就笔者的一点体会来试探讨以下几种实现方式:1.保留源语的衔接与连贯在汉英翻译中,若目的语语言条件许可,翻译能既保持源语的内容,又保持原文的形式是非常必要的。
英汉语中连接对比和翻译
英汉语中连接的对比和翻译语篇通常是指一系列连续的话语或句子构成的整体,而衔接则是英语语篇的重要特征。
衔接这一概念是由韩礼德在1962年首次提出的。
韩礼德和哈桑在其专著《英语中的衔接》(cohesion in english)一书中把衔接定义为“存在于篇章内部、使之成为语篇的意义关系”,“那些非结构性的、语篇构成的意义关系”。
胡壮麟等认为,衔接指的是“语篇中语言成分之间的语义联系,或者说是语篇中一个成分与另一个可以与之相互解释的成分之间的关系。
当语篇中一个成分的含义依赖于另一个成分的解释时,便产生了衔接关系”。
衔接的手段各种各样,韩礼德将它分成5类:照应(reference)、替代(substitute)、省略(ellipsis)、连接(conjunction)和词汇结合(lexical cohesion)。
它们在语篇中起着重要的纽带作用。
在此我们将着重讨论连接在英汉翻译中的运用。
连接要表示的是说话人想要听话的人了解他将要说的话和已经说的话之间的关系,是表示各种逻辑意义的手段。
它的功能是表示两个或更多的句子之间的某种逻辑联系,并指出句子是在什么意义上相互联系起来的。
因此,通过连词的使用,人们不仅可以理解句子之间的语义联系,可经前句从逻辑上预见后续句的语义,还可以梳理出作者组织信息的思路以及语义表达的轻重缓急。
英汉语在连词使用上的不同是由于英汉两个民族思维方式的不同。
汉民族是综合型思维,是主观的、内向的;英民族则是分析型思维,是客观的、外向的。
因此也就形成了汉语注重内在关系、隐含关系和模糊关系,而英语则比较注重形式上的连接。
韩礼德曾提到:“由于东西方文化和思维方式方面的差异,英汉两种语言在语篇衔接手段上大相径庭,尤其表现在连接词、省略、替代的使用上。
总体来说,英语在语句衔接方式上多用‘形合’,汉语虽然也用‘形合’,但更多地是以‘意合’为主。
”美国著名的翻译家奈达也在其著作《译意》(translation meaning)一书中说到:“就英语和汉语而言,也许在语言学上最重要的一个区别就是形合和意合的对比。
管件英汉对照词大全
管件英汉对照词大全2010-06-28 09:45管件 pipe fitting对焊管件 butt welding fittings碳钢对焊管件 carbon steel butt welding fittings不锈钢对焊管件 stainless steel butt welding fittings 弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow碳钢弯头 Carbon Steel Elbow不锈钢弯头 Stainless Steel Elbow高压弯头 High-Pressure Elbow等径三通 Straight Tee异径三通 Reducing Tee碳钢三通 CS Tee同心异径管 Concentric Recducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer高压异径管 high-pressure reducer不锈钢管帽 stainless steel caps碳钢管帽 carbon steel caps四通 cross单承口管箍 half coupling双承口管箍 coupling半管接头 boss对焊管座 weldolets承插管座 sockolets螺纹管座 threadolets变径接头 welding insert补心\内外丝、螺套 bushing六角头螺套 hex head bushing平螺套 flush bushing管接头 coupler活接头、游任 union短接头、对丝 nipple六角对丝 hex nipple螺母 nut管堵、螺塞 plug六角头螺塞 hex head plug四方头螺塞 square head plug圆头螺塞 round head plug套筒 sleeve弯管 bendU型管 close return bend法兰 flange锻钢法兰 forged steel flanges对焊法兰 welding neck flanges平焊法兰 slip on flanges盲板法兰 blind flanges平板法兰 plate flanges承插焊法兰 socket welding flanges螺纹法兰 threaded flanges松套法兰 lap joint flanges翻边短节 stub ends公称通径 Nomonal Diameter端部外径 Outside Diameter at Bevel中心至端面 Center to End中心至中心 Center to Center背面到端面 Back to FaceNPT=Normal Pressure and Temperature 常温常压, 标准温度与压力90°短半径弯头90°SS Elbow (SR)90°长半径弯头90°SS Elbow (LR)高压厚壁弯头 Thickness ElbowTee Equal 相等的三通male plug 插头female socket 插座dust cap 防尘盖等径三通 Straight teesafety cap 安全罩异径三通 Reducing Tee等径四通 Straight Cross同心异径管 Concentric Reducers同中心的 concentric不同圆心的 eccentric偏心异径管 Eccentric Reducers高压异径管 High-pressure Reducers不锈钢等径三通 Stainless Straight Tee碳钢等径三通 Carbon Straight Tee不锈钢等径四通 Stainless Straight Cross高压三通 High-pressure Tee锻制三通 Forged Tee异径接头 Template管帽 Caps法兰 flangevalve 阀门类型description 类种Standard 标准Design 类型Type 类型Type Model 型号Material 材质classes 种类specification 规格机床类冲床punching machine机械手robot油压机hydraulic machine车床 lathe刨床planer铣床miller磨床grinder(钻床)driller线切割linear cutting金属切削 metal cutting机床 machine tool管件材质类steel 钢carbon steel 碳素钢rustless steel 不锈钢alloy steel 合金钢angle steel 角钢blister steel 泡钢carburizing steel 渗碳钢cast steel 铸钢cementation steel 渗碳钢chrome steel 铬钢chrome molybdenum steel 铬钼钢chrome-vanadium steel 铬钒钢dies steel 模具钢ferrite steel 铁素体钢ferritic steel 铁素体钢flat steel 扁钢flat-rolled steel 扁钢forged steel 锻造钢hard steel 硬钢hardened stainless steel 硬化不锈钢heat (-resisting) steel 耐热钢hig-carbon steel 高碳钢high manganese steel 高锰钢high-speed steel 高速钢;锋钢high strength steel 高强度钢high tensile steel 高强度钢H-section steel 工字钢low carbon steel 低碳钢low manganese steel 低锰钢mild steel 软钢nickel steel 镍钢nickel-chrome steel 镍铬钢nickel chromium steel 镍铬钢The Tube Inserting (卡套式接头)Compressioned Joint (管路截止阀)Welding Joint (焊接式接头)Velding Joint (扩口式接头)Ream Joint (控油压接头)Pipeline Cut-off Valves (紫铜管件)Fast Fittings (管夹)Oil-Pressure Controlling Connectors (快速接头)Pagoda-Shape Connectors (宝塔型接头)Hydraulic Rubber Tube Assembly (液压胶管总成)Flange (法兰)Inside-and-Outside Connectors (内外接头)Construction Machinery Connectors (工程机械接头)Connectors for Military Use (军用接头)长径和短径弯头 long and short radius elbows同心和偏心异径接头 concentric and eccentric reducers 等径和异径三通 straight and reducing outlet tees大小头 CONCENTRIC REDUCERU型管Return Bend盲法兰Blank Flange弯管Bends翻边stub ends异径接头reducers公称通径 nominal diameter外径(mm) outside diameter中心距至端面的距离 center to end理论重量(kg/pcs) approx weight双丝头 Nipple短节 SWAGE NIPPLE内外螺纹活接头 Union螺桩 studHalf-Coupling单承口管箍Coupling双承口管箍盲板 Blind Flangespectacle blind 带双圈的盲板Ecentric 偏心的活接活接 loose joint活接地 swinging earth活接结合 articulated joint活接联接器 joint coupling活接三通 union tee活接头 articulation; union swivel; union活接头螺母 union nut活接头螺栓 swing bolt活接头套管 union thimble活接卸槽 articulated chute (浇混凝土用的)弯头 joint弯头 angle fittings; bent pipe; elbow; knee弯头扳手 bent-handle wrench; bent spanner弯头车刀 angular tool弯头持针钳 curved needle holders弯头刀架 knee tool弯头道钉 brob弯头管 swan neck弯头键 gib head key弯头接合 knee-joint弯头螺栓 bolt with one end bent back弯头锁紧螺母 elbow jam unt弯头套管 elbow union弯头套筒扳手 offset socket wrench弯头脱水器 elbow separator弯头芯盒 elbow core box三通三通 tee bend; tee branch; tee joint; tee conneetion; tee fitting; wye; Y; yoke 三通玻璃栓 three-way glass stopcock三通道放大器 three-channel amplifier; three-path amplifier三通道自动驾驶仪 three-dimensional autopilot三通电缆分线盒 three-way coupling box三通阀 tee valve; three-port valve; three-way valve; triple valve三通阀盖 triple-valve cap三通阀活塞 triple-valve piston三通阀联箱 three way valve menifold三通阀体 triple body; triple-valve body三通管 single sweep tee; T-branch (pipe); three-limb tube三通管接头 tee pipe coupling三通横长 horizontal length of tee三通换向旋塞 three-way reversing cock三通活栓 three-way cock三通货协定 triparties currency agreement三通接头 tee coupling; tee fitting; tee union; three-way piece; three-way connection三通接线夹 three-way connector三通开关 three-way cock三通控制阀 three-way control valve三通连接 tee junction三通路循环器 three-terminal circulator三通式热风炉 three-pass stove三通天线转发开关 triplexer三通筒 triple cylinder三通筒垫密片 triple-cylinder gasket三通弯头 three-way elbow三通旋塞 tee cock; three-way cock; three-throw tap三通循环器 three-terminal circulator三通液体流量计 tee fluid flow meter三通闸阀 treble ported slide valve直通直通 direct connection; straight in; straight bore; through; feed(-)through; once-through 直通拨号 through dial(l)ing直通测量线路 end-to-end measurement直通单向阀 in-line check valve; straight check valve; straightway check valve直通道路 through road直通的 through and through直通地 dead earth; dead ground直通垫外底 through midsole直通电报 telex直通电报通信 telex communication直通电流 through current直通电流偏置 through current bias直通电路 direct circuit直通阀 pass valve; straight-through valve; straightway valve; through valve直通干馏炉 through retort直通锅炉 once-through boiler直通换料 once-through refuelling直通回路 straight circuit直通汇接呼叫制 straight forwardjunction working直通监控 through supervision直通接头 straight coupling; straight fitting直通接线装置 through joint直通街道 through expressway; through street; throughway直通进位 standing carry直通开关 globe cock直通空气制动阀 straight air brake valve直通空气制动器 straight air brake直通快动阀 straight-through fast acting valve直通连接 straight-through joint直通裂化 straight-through cracking直通流动 straight through flowpiping material specification。
焊接专业英汉词典1
焊接专业英汉词典(1)usion weldingressure welding程 welding process术 welding technique艺 welding technology/procedure作 welding operation序 welding sequence向 direction of welding置 welding position序 build-up sequence/deposition sequence角 weld slope/inclination of weld axis(焊接网 )角 weld rotation/angle of rotation置 flat position of welding置 horizontal position of welding置 vertical position of welding置 overhead position of weldingownhand welding/flat position weldingorizontal position weldingertical position weldingverhead position welding焊 all position welding焊 vertical down welding/downward welding in the vertical焊接裂纹 weld crack焊缝裂纹 weld metal crack焊道裂纹 bead crack弧坑裂纹 crater crack热影响区裂纹 heat-affected zone crack纵向裂纹 longitudinal crack横向裂纹 transverse crack微裂纹 micro-crack;micro-fissure热裂纹 hot crack凝固裂纹 solidification crack晶间裂纹 intercrystalline crack穿晶裂纹 transcrystalline crack多边化裂纹 polygonization crack液化裂纹 liquation crack失延裂纹 ductility-dip crack冷裂纹 cold crack延迟裂纹 delayed crack氢致裂纹 hydrogen-induced crack焊道下裂纹 underbead crack焊根裂纹 root crack焊趾裂纹 toe crack锯齿形裂纹 chevron cracking消除应力处理裂纹 stress relief annealing crack (SR crackn焊 vertical up welding/upward welding in the verticalninclined position weldingupward welding in the inclined positiondownward welding in the inclined positionbutt weldingillet weldinglap weldingfillet welding in the downhand position/fillet welding in t positionhorizontal fillet weldingfillet welding in the vertical positionfillet welding in the overhead positiongroove welding口对接焊 square butt welding坡口焊 flare groove weldingflanged edge welding接 welding of longitudinal seam接 welding of transverse seam接 girth welding/ circumferential焊接 welding of spiral seam/welding of helical seam接焊 butt welding of circumferential seamtack welding再热裂纹 reheat crack焊缝晶间腐蚀 weld intercryctalline corrosion刀状腐蚀 knife line attack敏化区腐蚀 weld decay层状撕裂 lamellar tearing焊接性试验 weldability裂纹试验 cracking testIIW裂纹试验 IIW cracking testY形坡口裂纹试验 slit type cracking test分块形槽热裂纹试验 segmented circular groove cracking te H形裂纹试验 H-type cracking test鱼骨形裂纹试验 fishbone cracking test指形裂纹试验 finger (cracking) testT形裂纹试验 Tee type cracking test环形槽裂纹试验 circular-groove cracking test可调拘束裂纹试验 varestraint testBWRA奥氏体钢裂纹试验 BWRA cracking test for austenitie s 圆棒裂纹试验 bar type cracking test;round bar cracking 里海裂纹试验 Lehigh restraint cracking test圆形镶块裂纹试验 circular-path cracking test十字接头裂纹试验 cruciform cracking testZ向窗口拘束裂纹试验 Z-direction window type restraint cr testG-BOP焊缝金属裂纹试验 G-BOP weld metal crack testwelding by one sidewelding by both sidessingle pass welding/single run weldingmulti-pass weldingsingle layer weldingmulti-layer welding层焊 block sequence/ block welding道焊 multi-layer and multi-pass weldingcontinuous weldingintermittent weldingbacking weldback sealing weldcosmetic weldingdeep penetration weldingwelding with weaving/weave bead weldingforeward welding (英国)/ forehand welding (美国) backward welding(英国)/ backhand welding(美国) 焊 backstep weldingkip weldingbalanced welding/ balanced welding sequenceleftward welding forehand weldingrightward welding/backhand weldingwhipping methodautomatic welding 巴特尔焊道下裂纹试验 Battelle type underbead cracking te U形拉伸试验 U-tension test缪雷克期热裂纹试验 Murex hot cracking test菲斯柯裂纹试验 FISCO (type) cracking testCTS裂纹试验 controlled thermal severity拉伸拘束裂纹试验(TRC试验) tensile restraint cracking te 刚性拘束裂纹试验(RRC试验) rigid restraint cracking test 插销试验 implant testTigamajig 薄板焊接裂纹试验 Tigamajing thin plate crackin 焊道纵向弯曲试验 longitudinal-bead test柯麦雷尔弯曲试验 Kommerell bead bend test肯泽尔弯曲试验 Kinzel test缺口弯曲试验 notch bend test热朔性试验 hot-ductility test热影响区冲击试验 impact test of HAZ热影响区模拟试验 synthetic heat-affected zone test最高硬度试验 maximum hardness test落锤试验 NRL (Naval Research Laboratory)测氢试验 Hydrogen test焊接材料、电极焊接材料 welding consumables电极 electrode熔化电极 consumable electrode不熔化电极 nonconsumable electrodemanual welding/hand welding接 shop welding接 site welding(英国)/ field welding (美国) 接 restraint weldingurfacing/building up/overlaying堆焊 buttering边焊 boxing/end returnreweldingepair weldinglug weldinglot weldingwelding with backing焊 welding with flux backing焊 narrow-gap welding形焊 enclosed welding弧焊 pulsed are welding焊 arc spot weldingstud weldinghot gas weldinghigh grade energy welding接 solid-state welding双面成形 one-side welding with back formation 件 welding condition艺参数 welding parameter 钨电极 tungsten electrode焊丝 welding wire. Welding rod实心焊丝 solid wire渡铜焊丝 copper-plating welding wire自保护焊丝 self-shielded welding wire药芯焊丝 flux-cored wire复合焊丝 combined wire堆焊焊丝 surfacing welding rod填充焊丝 filler wire焊条 electrode/ covered electrode焊芯 core wire药皮 coating (of an electrode)/ covering (of an electrod 涂料 coating flux/coating material造气剂 gas forming constituents造渣剂 slag forming constituents合金剂 alloying constituent脱氧剂 dioxidizer稳弧剂 arc stabilizer粘接剂 binder水玻璃 water glass水玻璃模数 modules of water glass酸性焊条 acid electrode高钛型焊条 high titania (type) electrode钛钙型焊条 lime titania type electrodeolaritylectrode negative/straight polaritylectrode positive/reversed polarity式 manipulation of electrode流 welding current流增加时间 welding current upslope time流衰减时间 welding current downslope time度 current density流 short circuit current流 pulse level/pulse current level流幅值 pulse current amplitude流 background level率 pulse frequency接电流占空比 duty cycle of pulse duration压 arc voltage电压 reignition voltage度 welding speed度 rate of travel/travel speed度 wire feed rateheat input/energy inputheat inputreheatostheat处理 posweld heat treatment/postheat treatment 钛铁矿形焊条 ilmenite type electrode氧化铁型焊条 iron oxide type electrode/ high iron oxide electrode高纤维素型焊条 high cellulose (type) electrode石墨型焊条 graphite type electrode碱性焊条 basic electrode/ lime type covered electrode 低氢型焊条 low hydrogen type electrode高韧性超低氢焊条 high toughness super low hydrogen elect 奥氏体焊条 austenitic electrode铁素体焊条 ferritic electrode不锈钢焊条 stainless steel electrode珠光体耐热钢焊条 pearlitic heat resistant steel electrod 低温钢焊条 low temperature steel electrode/ steel electr low temperature铝合金焊条 aluminum alloy arc welding electrode铜合金焊条 copper-alloy arc welding electrode铜芯铸铁焊条 cast iron electrode with steel core纯镍铸铁焊条 pure nickel cast iron electrode球墨铸铁焊条 electrode for welding spheroidal graphite ca 铸芯焊条 electrode with cast core wire镍基合金焊条 nickel base alloy covered electrode蒙乃尔焊条 Monel electrode纯铁焊条 pure iron electrode渗铝钢焊条 alumetized steel electrode度 preheat temperature度 interpass temperature了温度 finishing temperature度 postheating temperature出长度 wire extensionrc length度 melting rate间 melting time数 melting coefficient度 rate of deposition/deposition rate数 deposition coefficient率 deposition efficiency数 loss coefficientatterspatter loss coefficientfusion ratioilutionrate of dilution度系数 transfer efficiency/recovery (of an element) roovegroove face角度 angle of bevel (英国)/ bevel angle (美国)度 included angle(英国)/groove angle(美国)度 groove depth 高效率焊条 high efficiency electrode铁粉焊条 iron powder electrode底层焊条 backing welding electrode深熔焊条 deep penetration electrode重力焊条 gravity electrode立向下焊条 electrode for vertical down position welding 节能焊条 saving energy electrode水下焊条 underwater welding electrode耐海水腐蚀焊条 seawater corrosion resistant steel electr 低尘低毒焊条 low-fume and harmfulless electrode/ low-fum low-toxic electrode堆焊焊条 surfacing electrode耐磨堆焊焊条 hardfacing electrode钴基合金堆焊焊条 cobalt base alloy surfacing electrode 碳化钨堆焊焊条 tungsten carbide surfacing electrode高锰钢堆焊焊条 high manganese steel surfacing electrode 双芯焊条 twin electrode绞合焊条 stranded electrode编织焊条 braided electrode双层药皮焊条 double coated electrode管状焊条 flux-cored electrode气渣联合保护型药皮 semi-volatile covering焊条工艺性 usability of the electrode/ technicality of t electrodeoot face度 thickness of root face/width of root face隙 root gap(英国)/root opening (美国)径 root radius/groove radius边 root edge度 height of flange径 radius of flange口 single groove口 double groove式 groove type口 square groove口 single V groove口 single V groove with root face坡口 double Vgroove with root faceU形坡口 single U groove双U形坡口 double U groove口 single compound angle grooveJ形坡口 single J groove双J形坡口 double J groove形坡口 single bevel groove坡口 double V groove双V形坡口 asymmetric double V grooveV形坡口 double bevel groove/K grooveV形坡口 V groove with backing/ single V groove with backing焊条使用性 running characteristics of an electrode/ oper characteristics of an electrode焊条熔化性 melting characteristics of an electrode焊条直径 core diameter焊条偏心度 eccentricity (of an electrode)药皮重量系数 gravity coefficient of coating焊条药皮含水量 percentage of moisture for covering焊条夹吃持端 bare terminal (of an electrode)焊条引弧端 striking end (of an elcetrode)焊剂 welding flux/ flux熔炼焊剂 fused flux粘结焊剂 bonded flux烧结焊剂 sintered flux/ agglomerated flux窄间隙埋弧焊焊剂 flux for narrow-gap submerged arc weldi 低氢型焊剂 low hydrogen type flux高速焊剂 high speed welding flux无氧焊剂 oxygen-free flux低毒焊剂 low poison flux磁性焊剂 magnetic flux电弧焊 arc welding直流电弧焊 direct current arc welding交流电弧焊 alternating current arc welding三相电弧焊 three phase arc welding熔化电弧焊 arc welding with consumable坡口 flare groove口 single bevel groove with backing locked 边 tapered edgeeldeam号 welding symbol属 weld metal属 filler metal属 deposited metal面 weld face/ face of weld面 back of weld线 axis of weld寸 size of weld度 weld width/ width of weld度 weld length/ length of weld效长度 effective length of weld度 throat depth/ throat thickness算厚度 theoretical throat际厚度 actual throatenetration/ depth of penetration形 appearance of weld形系数 form factor of weldeinforcement/ excess weld metal 金属极电弧焊 metal arc welding不熔化极电弧焊 arc welding with nonconsumable 碳弧焊 carbon arc welding明弧焊 open arc welding焊条电弧焊 shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) 重力焊 gravity welding躺焊 fire cracker welding电弧堆焊 arc surfacing自动堆焊 automatic surfacing躺板极堆焊 surfacing by fire cracker welding 带极堆焊 surfacing with band-electrode振动电弧堆焊 vibratory arc surfacing耐磨堆焊 hardfacing高 root reinforcement缝 flush weld/ weld machined flush缝 butt weldfilleteg/ fillet weld leg断面形状 profile of fillet weld焊缝 flat fillet焊缝 convex fillet weld焊缝 concave fillet weld凹度 concavity焊缝 side fillet weld/ fillet weld in parallel shear 焊缝 front fillet weld/ fillet weld in normal shear 缝 fillet weld in the vertical position缝 fillet weld in the horizontal position缝 fillet weld in the flat position网 )缝 oblique fillet weld缝 continuous weld缝 intermittent weld焊缝 continuous fillet weld焊缝 intermittent fillet weld续角焊缝 staggered intermittent fillet weld续角焊缝 chain intermittent fillet weld缝 edge weld缝 flanged edge weld缝 plug weld缝 longitudinal weld缝 transverse weld缝 girth weld/ circumferential weld焊缝 spiral weld/ helical weld缝 seal weld缝 strength weld缝 connective weld缝 tack weldead/ run/ passippleeld root/ root of weldeld toe/ toe道 sealing run (after making main weld)/ back weld 道 backing weld (before making main weld)/ back weld 道 root pass/ root run道 filling bead道 cosmetic bead/ cover pass道 temper bead/ annealing bead道 penetration beadayer头 welded joint状 joint geometry配接头 equalmatching weld joint配接头 undermatching weld joint配接头 overmatching weld joint部 root of joint头 butt joint接接头 square butt joint接接头 single V butt joint接接头 single U butt joint口接头 single J butt joint对接接头 double V butt jointV形对接接头 double bevel butt joint/ K groove butt joint U形对接接头 double U butt jointJ形坡口接头 double J joint头 corner joint头 T joint接头 inclined T joint头 cruciform joint/ cross-shaped joint头 joint among three members头 lap joint头 muff joint/ sleeve joint接头 double strapped joint头 strapped joint头 edge joint头 flanged edge joint接接头 lock butt joint接头 oblique butt joint头 mixed joint/ composite joint接头 open joint接头 closed joint弧 welding arc态 arc shape理行为 arc physics behaviourtriking arc压 striking voltage氛 arc atmosphereathodehot cathodecold cathode点 cathode spotcathode region电场强度 intensity of the electric field in the cathode降 cathode dropnode点 anode spot力 spot pressureanode region电场强度 intensity of the electric field in the anode region降 anode droprc column/ arc stream降 voltage drop in arc column位梯度 potential gradient in the arc column rc flamerc coreforceful arc/ hard arcsoft arc弧 rotating arc弧 pulsed arc射电弧 pulsed spray arc象 puckering phenomena弧 puckering arc界电流 puckering critical current弧 indirect arc弧 compressive arc弧 magnetic controlling arcarc forceelectromagnectic force缩效应 pinch effect移 wandering of arc定性 arc stability特性 static characteristic of arc特性 dynamic characteristic of arc压原理 principle of minimum voltage 度 arc stiffness吹 arc blowmagnetic blow理作用 cleaning action of the cathode 身调节 arc self-regulation用 digging action应 polarity effectroplet表面积 specific surface of droplet渡 metal transfer率 transition frequency渡 globular transfer;drop transfer 渡 short circuiting transfer渡 spray transfer射过渡 rotating spray transfer射过渡 pulsed spray transfer渡 explosive transfer渡 flux wall guided transferolten pool熔池 boiling molten poolraterlaglag system图 slag system diagrambasic slagacid slagasicitycidityong slaghort slag渣 viscous slag型熔渣 oxide melting slag渣 salt melting slag物型熔渣 salt-oxide melting slag动性 fluidity of the slag;slag fluidityolidified slag渣 porous slag焊渣 vitreous slag落焊渣 self-releasing slagslag detachability备 welding equipment;welding setelding machine;welderelectric welding machine;electric welder源 welding power source循环 weld thermal cycle度场 field of weld temperature;weld temperature field 温度场 quasi-stationary temperature field源 welding heat sourcepoint heat sourcelinear heat sourceplane heat source中热源 instantaneous concentration heat source thermal efficiency中系数 coefficient of heat flow concentration 度 peak temperature却速度 momentary cooling rate间 cooling time化 substitutionary oxydation化 diffusible oxydationesoxydation氧 precedent desoxydation氧 diffusible desoxydation氧 precipitation desoxydationdiffusible hydrogen散氢 initial diffusible hydrogen余扩散氢diffusible hydrogen remained at 100℃ residual hydrogenehydrogenation处理 heat treatment for dehydrogenation esulphurizationephosphorizationalloying金化 microalloying晶组织 primary solidification structure晶组织 secondary solidification structure晶 epitaxial solidification晶形态 solidification mode in weld-bead状线 ripple边界 polygonization boundary均线速度 mean solidification rate素体 acicular ferrite素体 lath ferrite铁素体 ferrite side-plate素体 grain boundary ferrite;polygonal ferrite;ectoid ferrite氏体 granular bainite氏体 lath martensite织 overheated structure织 Widmannst?tten structure元 martensite-austenite constituent效分析 failure analysis of weldments据 criterion of cold cracking感系数 cold cracking susceptibity coefficient 度区间 brittle temperature rangeydrogen embrittlement析 lamellar segregationealing effect相 fractographyracture口 ductile fracture口 dimple fracture口 brittle fracture口 cleavage fracture断口 quasi-cleavage fracture解理断口 hydrogen-embrittlement induced 口 intergranular fracture口 transgranular fracture口 fatigue fracture断口 glide plane fracture貌 fracture apperance验 fracture test口分析 macrofractographyradical zonefibrous zone区 shear lip aoneweldability接性 service weldability接性 fabrication weldability接性 metallurgical weldability性 thermal weldabilityase metal;parent metalweld zones-welded (AW)化区 fusion zone区 partial melting region区 unmixed zonebond areaweld junction (英);bond line (美)区 heat-affected zone (HAZ)overheated zonecoarse grained regionfine grained regiontransition zonehardened zonecarbon equivalentchromium equivalentnickel equivalent组织图 Schaeffler's diagram织图Delong’s diagram却转变图(CCT图) continuous cooling transformation 感性 cracking sensibility。
英汉语篇衔接手段对比分析
英汉语篇衔接手段对比分析陈光弟 061106109039 06级4班韩礼德和哈桑将衔接手段大致划分为: 照应(Reference) 、替代( Substitution) 、省略(Ellipsis)和词汇衔接(Lexical cohesion)。
一、照应照应(Reference)是一种语义关系,它指的是语篇中的一个成分做另一个成分的参照点,即语篇中的一个语言成分与另一个可以与之相互解释的成分之间的关系。
照应可以分为人称对照、指示照应和比较照应。
(1)人称代词照应人称代词照应在中英文中广泛使用。
中文中还使用零回指,但英文中没有,因为英语中的主语一般是不能省的。
一般来说,中文中的人称代词照应还可处理为重复和省略。
例如:(1) They sailed well and the old man soaked his hands in the saltwater and tried to keep his head clear.他们行驶得很顺利。
老人把( )双手浸在盐水里,并竭力保持( )头脑清醒。
(2)指示代词照应中英文都使用指示代词获取粘连效果。
但是它们在篇章中的指称功能可能不完全一样。
英语和汉语在指示指称上的一个最大差异是英语有一个既非this又非that的定冠词he。
英语在表达确定的指称时必须有特指限定词,但在汉语中,如果所指对象的确定性在情景语境或上下文中已经非常明确,可以运用零式特指称语,既指代成分前没有特指限定词修饰。
在汉语语篇中,“这”和“那”经常与名词连用,以表示所指对象的确定性。
在这种情况下,“这”与“那”在功能上相当于英语的定冠词the。
例如:The old man looked at the fish constantly to make sure it was true. It was an hour before the first shark hit him.老人不时去瞧那条鱼,以确定这是真的。
浅谈英汉词语互译的对应关系
英汉词语互译时,通常会考虑两种对应关系:词义对应和词性对应。
1 词义对应:指英文单词和汉语词语在词义上的对应关系。
例如,"book" 在英文中是"书"的意思,"apple"在英文中是"苹果"的意思。
2 词性对应:指英文单词和汉语词语在词性上的对应关系。
例如,英文的名词通常可以用汉语的名词来翻译,英文的动词通常可以用汉语的动词来翻译。
在英汉词语互译时,需要同时考虑词义对应和词性对应,才能使翻译准确、流畅。
例如,英文的"book"是名词,可以用汉语的"书"来翻译,而不能用汉语的"买"来翻译。
在英汉词语互译时,还可以考虑其他对应关系,如文化对应、情感对应、文体对应等。
1 文化对应:指英文单词和汉语词语在文化背景上的对应关系。
例如,英文的"Santa Claus"在西方文化中是圣诞老人的意思,而在中国文化中可能没有这个概念,因此需要考虑如何在翻译时解释这个概念。
2 情感对应:指英文单词和汉语词语在情感上的对应关系。
例如,英文的"love"在汉语中可以用"爱"来翻译,但如果需要表达更强烈的情感,可以用汉语的"深爱"来翻译。
3 文体对应:指英文单词和汉语词语在文体上的对应关系。
例如,英文的"nice"在汉语中可以用"好"来翻译,但如果需要表达更正式的文体,可以用汉语的"优秀"来翻译。
在英汉词语互译时,需要充分考虑这些对应关系,才能使翻译准确、通俗易懂。
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管件英汉对照词大全
管件英汉对照词大全2010-06-28 09:45管件 pipe fitting对焊管件 butt welding fittings碳钢对焊管件 carbon steel butt welding fittings不锈钢对焊管件 stainless steel butt welding fittings 弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow碳钢弯头 Carbon Steel Elbow不锈钢弯头 Stainless Steel Elbow高压弯头 High-Pressure Elbow等径三通 Straight Tee异径三通 Reducing Tee碳钢三通 CS Tee同心异径管 Concentric Recducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer高压异径管 high-pressure reducer不锈钢管帽 stainless steel caps碳钢管帽 carbon steel caps四通 cross单承口管箍 half coupling双承口管箍 coupling半管接头 boss对焊管座 weldolets承插管座 sockolets螺纹管座 threadolets变径接头 welding insert补心\内外丝、螺套 bushing六角头螺套 hex head bushing平螺套 flush bushing管接头 coupler活接头、游任 union短接头、对丝 nipple六角对丝 hex nipple螺母 nut管堵、螺塞 plug六角头螺塞 hex head plug四方头螺塞 square head plug圆头螺塞 round head plug套筒 sleeve弯管 bendU型管 close return bend法兰 flange锻钢法兰 forged steel flanges对焊法兰 welding neck flanges平焊法兰 slip on flanges盲板法兰 blind flanges平板法兰 plate flanges承插焊法兰 socket welding flanges螺纹法兰 threaded flanges松套法兰 lap joint flanges翻边短节 stub ends公称通径 Nomonal Diameter端部外径 Outside Diameter at Bevel中心至端面 Center to End中心至中心 Center to Center背面到端面 Back to FaceNPT=Normal Pressure and Temperature 常温常压, 标准温度与压力90°短半径弯头90°SS Elbow (SR)90°长半径弯头90°SS Elbow (LR)高压厚壁弯头 Thickness ElbowTee Equal 相等的三通male plug 插头female socket 插座dust cap 防尘盖等径三通 Straight teesafety cap 安全罩异径三通 Reducing Tee等径四通 Straight Cross同心异径管 Concentric Reducers同中心的 concentric不同圆心的 eccentric偏心异径管 Eccentric Reducers高压异径管 High-pressure Reducers不锈钢等径三通 Stainless Straight Tee碳钢等径三通 Carbon Straight Tee不锈钢等径四通 Stainless Straight Cross高压三通 High-pressure Tee锻制三通 Forged Tee异径接头 Template管帽 Caps法兰 flangevalve 阀门类型description 类种Standard 标准Design 类型Type 类型Type Model 型号Material 材质classes 种类specification 规格机床类冲床punching machine机械手robot油压机hydraulic machine车床 lathe刨床planer铣床miller磨床grinder(钻床)driller线切割linear cutting金属切削 metal cutting机床 machine tool管件材质类steel 钢carbon steel 碳素钢rustless steel 不锈钢alloy steel 合金钢angle steel 角钢blister steel 泡钢carburizing steel 渗碳钢cast steel 铸钢cementation steel 渗碳钢chrome steel 铬钢chrome molybdenum steel 铬钼钢chrome-vanadium steel 铬钒钢dies steel 模具钢ferrite steel 铁素体钢ferritic steel 铁素体钢flat steel 扁钢flat-rolled steel 扁钢forged steel 锻造钢hard steel 硬钢hardened stainless steel 硬化不锈钢heat (-resisting) steel 耐热钢hig-carbon steel 高碳钢high manganese steel 高锰钢high-speed steel 高速钢;锋钢high strength steel 高强度钢high tensile steel 高强度钢H-section steel 工字钢low carbon steel 低碳钢low manganese steel 低锰钢mild steel 软钢nickel steel 镍钢nickel-chrome steel 镍铬钢nickel chromium steel 镍铬钢The Tube Inserting (卡套式接头)Compressioned Joint (管路截止阀)Welding Joint (焊接式接头)Velding Joint (扩口式接头)Ream Joint (控油压接头)Pipeline Cut-off Valves (紫铜管件)Fast Fittings (管夹)Oil-Pressure Controlling Connectors (快速接头)Pagoda-Shape Connectors (宝塔型接头)Hydraulic Rubber Tube Assembly (液压胶管总成)Flange (法兰)Inside-and-Outside Connectors (内外接头)Construction Machinery Connectors (工程机械接头)Connectors for Military Use (军用接头)长径和短径弯头 long and short radius elbows同心和偏心异径接头 concentric and eccentric reducers 等径和异径三通 straight and reducing outlet tees大小头 CONCENTRIC REDUCERU型管Return Bend盲法兰Blank Flange弯管Bends翻边stub ends异径接头reducers公称通径 nominal diameter外径(mm) outside diameter中心距至端面的距离 center to end理论重量(kg/pcs) approx weight双丝头 Nipple短节 SWAGE NIPPLE内外螺纹活接头 Union螺桩 studHalf-Coupling单承口管箍Coupling双承口管箍盲板 Blind Flangespectacle blind 带双圈的盲板Ecentric 偏心的活接活接 loose joint活接地 swinging earth活接结合 articulated joint活接联接器 joint coupling活接三通 union tee活接头 articulation; union swivel; union活接头螺母 union nut活接头螺栓 swing bolt活接头套管 union thimble活接卸槽 articulated chute (浇混凝土用的)弯头 joint弯头 angle fittings; bent pipe; elbow; knee弯头扳手 bent-handle wrench; bent spanner弯头车刀 angular tool弯头持针钳 curved needle holders弯头刀架 knee tool弯头道钉 brob弯头管 swan neck弯头键 gib head key弯头接合 knee-joint弯头螺栓 bolt with one end bent back弯头锁紧螺母 elbow jam unt弯头套管 elbow union弯头套筒扳手 offset socket wrench弯头脱水器 elbow separator弯头芯盒 elbow core box三通三通 tee bend; tee branch; tee joint; tee conneetion; tee fitting; wye; Y; yoke 三通玻璃栓 three-way glass stopcock三通道放大器 three-channel amplifier; three-path amplifier三通道自动驾驶仪 three-dimensional autopilot三通电缆分线盒 three-way coupling box三通阀 tee valve; three-port valve; three-way valve; triple valve三通阀盖 triple-valve cap三通阀活塞 triple-valve piston三通阀联箱 three way valve menifold三通阀体 triple body; triple-valve body三通管 single sweep tee; T-branch (pipe); three-limb tube三通管接头 tee pipe coupling三通横长 horizontal length of tee三通换向旋塞 three-way reversing cock三通活栓 three-way cock三通货协定 triparties currency agreement三通接头 tee coupling; tee fitting; tee union; three-way piece; three-way connection三通接线夹 three-way connector三通开关 three-way cock三通控制阀 three-way control valve三通连接 tee junction三通路循环器 three-terminal circulator三通式热风炉 three-pass stove三通天线转发开关 triplexer三通筒 triple cylinder三通筒垫密片 triple-cylinder gasket三通弯头 three-way elbow三通旋塞 tee cock; three-way cock; three-throw tap三通循环器 three-terminal circulator三通液体流量计 tee fluid flow meter三通闸阀 treble ported slide valve直通直通 direct connection; straight in; straight bore; through; feed(-)through; once-through 直通拨号 through dial(l)ing直通测量线路 end-to-end measurement直通单向阀 in-line check valve; straight check valve; straightway check valve直通道路 through road直通的 through and through直通地 dead earth; dead ground直通垫外底 through midsole直通电报 telex直通电报通信 telex communication直通电流 through current直通电流偏置 through current bias直通电路 direct circuit直通阀 pass valve; straight-through valve; straightway valve; through valve直通干馏炉 through retort直通锅炉 once-through boiler直通换料 once-through refuelling直通回路 straight circuit直通汇接呼叫制 straight forwardjunction working直通监控 through supervision直通接头 straight coupling; straight fitting直通接线装置 through joint直通街道 through expressway; through street; throughway直通进位 standing carry直通开关 globe cock直通空气制动阀 straight air brake valve直通空气制动器 straight air brake直通快动阀 straight-through fast acting valve直通连接 straight-through joint直通裂化 straight-through cracking直通流动 straight through flowpiping material specification。
人教新版必修第三册单词英汉汉英互默版
Unit 1lantern n.灯笼;提灯carnival n.狂欢节;嘉年华costume n.(某地或某历史时期的)服装;戏装dress(sb)up 穿上盛装;装扮march vi.&n. 行进;前进;示威游行congratulation n.祝贺;恭喜congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺;(因某事)为自己感到自豪riddle n.谜语;神秘事件ceremony n.典礼;仪式samba n.桑巴舞;桑巴舞曲make-up n.化妆品;性格;构成方式after all 毕竟;别忘了range n.一系列;范围;界限vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化range from…to…包括从…….到……之间origin n.起源;起因;出身religion n.宗教;宗教信仰religious adj. 宗教的;笃信宗教的figure n.人物;数字;身材vt.认为;认定charm n.魅力;迷人的特征;咒语joy n.高兴;喜悦joyful adj.高兴的;快乐的gratitude n.感激之情;感谢harvest n.收获季节;收获;收成vi.&vt.收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物、鱼)agricultural adj. 农业(劳动/生产);agriculture n. 农业;农艺crop n.庄稼;作物;一季的收成gather vi.聚集;集合vt.聚集;搜集;收割grateful adj.感激的;表示感谢的feature vt.以……为特色n.特色;特征;特点decorate vt.装饰;装潢church n.(基督教的)教堂;礼拜堂significant adj.有重大意义的;显著的fade vi&vt.逐渐消失;(使)褪色;(身体)变得虚弱fade away 逐渐消失;(身体)变得虚弱typical adj.典型的;有代表性的;平常的firecracker n.鞭炮;爆竹evil adj.邪恶的;有害的;罪恶的n.邪恶;罪恶;恶行in spite of 不管;尽管commercial adj.商业(化)的;以获利为目的的commercialise (NAmE also -ize) vt.使商业化;利用……牟利commercialisation (NAmE also -ization) n.商业化take advantage of 利用;欺骗;占……的便宜medium n.(pl. media)媒介;手段;方法adj.中等的;中号的the media 大众传播媒介reflect vt.显示;反映;反射belief n.信仰;信心;信任faith n.宗教信仰;信任;相信occasion n.特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);(适当的)机会have sth in common (兴趣、想法等方面)相同;有相同的特征atmosphere n.气氛;氛围;(地球的)大气(层)lunar adj.阴历的;月球的;月亮的eve n.前夕;前一天envelope n.信封;塑料封套Christmas carol 圣诞颂歌merry adj.愉快的;高兴的Merry Christmas 圣诞快乐pumpkin n.南瓜pudding n.布丁;(餐末的)甜食mashed potatoes 土豆泥roast adj.烤的;焙的vi&vt. 烘烤;焙turkey n.火鸡;火鸡肉roast turkey 烤火鸡肉pleased adj.高兴的;满意的firework n.烟火;烟花;pl.烟花表演frank adj.坦率的;直率的to be frank 坦白说;坦率地说go off 爆炸;走火;离开except for 除……之外inner adj.内部的;里面的;内心的autonomous adj.自治的;有自治权的region n.地区;区域;地带represent vt.象征;代表;相当于wrestling n.摔跤运动wrestle vi&vt. 摔跤;分离对付wrestler n.摔跤运动员archery n.射箭术;射箭运动set off 出发;动身;启程fancy adj.花哨的;精致的;昂贵的vt.想要;倾慕;自认为是robe n.袍服;礼袍eagle n.雕grace n.优美;优雅;高雅absolutely adv.绝对的;完全的moment n.片刻;瞬间tent n.帐篷pot n.罐;壶;锅brief adj.简洁的;简单的;短暂的branch n.树枝;分支;支流wedding n.婚礼;结婚庆典clap vt.鼓掌;拍手;击掌n.鼓掌;拍手;掌声respect n.&vt.尊敬;尊重horrible adj.令人震惊的;恐怖的;极坏的Coming-of-Age Day 成人节Rio (全称Rio de Janeiro)里约热内卢(巴西首都)Carla 卡拉Halloween n.万圣节前夕Thanksgiving(day)感恩节La Tomatina 番茄大战Bunol 布尼奥尔(西班牙小镇)the Naadam Festival “那达慕”大会Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 内蒙古自治区Mongolian adj.蒙古人的;蒙古的;蒙古语的n.蒙古语;蒙古人Unit 2moral adj.道德的;道义上的;n.品行;道德;寓意virtue n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质dilemma n.进退两难的境地;困境moral dilemma 道德困境faint vi.昏倒;晕厥adj.不清楚的;微弱的illustrate vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图precious adj.珍稀的;宝贵的entrust vt.委托;交付carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关marriage n.结婚;婚姻majority n.大部分;大多数complain vi&vt. 抱怨;发牢骚tuition n. (小组)教学;讲课fee n.专业服务费;报酬tuition fees 学费respond vt.回答;回复vi.做出反应;回应response n.反应;回答;回复union n.协会;联合会;工会scholarship n.奖学金hire vt.聘任;雇用;租用n.租借;租用physician n.医师;(尤指)内科医生resident physician 住院医师colleague n.同事;同僚reject vt.拒绝接受;不录用rejection n.拒绝接受;否决appoint vt. 任命;委派clinic n.诊所;门诊部faraway adj. 遥远的elect vt. 选举;推选election n.选举;推选;当选decade n.十年;十年期elsewhere adv.在别处;去别处tend vt.照顾;照料vi.倾向;趋于tend to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事publish vt.发表(作品);出版staff n.员工;全体职员retire vi&vt. 退休;退职;退出saving n.节省物;节省;节约;(pl.)储蓄金;存款kindergarten n.学前班;幼儿园principle n.道德原则;法则;原则passive adj.被动的;顺从的scared adj.害怕的;对……都感到惊慌或恐惧的scare vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓sharp adj. (增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的insurance n.保险;保险业energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的replace vt.接替;取代;更换accident n.事故;车祸;失事operation n.手术;企业;经营whisper vi&vt.悄声说;耳语;低语n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传midnight n.子夜;午夜import n.进口;进口商品;vt.进口;输入;引进export n.出口;出口商品;vt.出口;输出;传播pole n.(行星的)极;地极lap n.(坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈bite(bit, bitten)vt&vi. 咬;叮;蛰n.咬;(咬下的)一口;咬伤lip n.嘴唇assist vt.帮助;援助first aid 急救pass away 去世chairman n.主席;主持人;董事长memory n.记忆力;会议in memory of 作为对……的纪念chain n.一连串(人或事);链条;链条cafén.咖啡馆;小餐馆waitress n.(餐馆的)女服务员:女侍者pregnant adj.怀孕的;妊娠的disguise vt.装扮;假扮;掩盖;n.伪装;化妆用具maple n.枫树;槭树cart n手推车;运货马车spill vi&vt.(spilt/spilled, spilt/spilled)(使)洒出;(使)溢出trip over 被……绊倒limp vi. 跛行;一瘸一拐地走tear n.眼泪;泪水in tears 流着泪;含着泪despair n.绝望vi.绝望;感到无望in despair 处于绝望中harm n&vt. 伤害;损害might n.力量;威力a great deal(of)大量fable n.寓言;寓言故事court n.(网球等的)球场;法院;法庭flexible adj. 灵活的;可变通的income n.收入;收益per prep. 每;每一therefore adv. 因此;所以tension n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)北京协和医学院the Wenhai Scholarship “文海”奖学金the OB-GYN department(全称Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology)妇产科the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国the National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会the North/South Pole 北极/南极Henry Norman Bethune 亨利·诺曼·白求恩Unit 3diverse adj.不同的;多种多样的diversity n.差异(性);不同(点);多样性fortune n.机会;运气fortune cookie 幸运曲奇gumbo n.秋葵汤(用秋葵做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤)nachos n.墨西哥玉米片chip n.(英)炸土豆条;(美)炸薯片;芯片;碎片cheese n.干酪;奶酪spicy adj.加有香料的;辛辣的ethnic adj.具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的admit vi&vt. 承认;vt. 准许进入(或加入)definitely adv. 肯定;确实occur vi.发生;出现downtown adv.在市中心;往市中心mission n.传教(区);重要任务;使命district n.地区;区域graffiti n. [ pl. ]涂鸦;乱写乱画comic n.连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员adj.滑稽的;使人发笑的afterwards(NAmE als ousually afterward)adv.以后;后来head to (朝……)前进; (向……)去historical adj. (有关)历史的seek (sought; sought)vt.&vi.寻找;寻求;争取;(向人)请求seek one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路;闯世界earn vt.&vi.换得;赚得;赢得;博得earn a living 谋生immigrant n. (外来)移民;外侨select vt.选择;挑选;选拔china n.瓷;瓷器jazz n.爵士乐bar n.酒吧;小吃店;小馆子diagram n.简图;图解;图表;示意图journal n.日志;日记;报纸;刊物claim vt.&n.夺取(生命);宣称;断言series n.一系列;连续;接连series of 一系列或一连串(事件)apart from 除了……外(还);此外minority n.少数民族;少数派;少数人escape vi.&vt.逃走;逃脱;避开n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱bring about 导致;引起Atlantic adj.大西洋的financial adj. 财政的;财务的;金融的poetry n.诗集;诗歌;诗作jeans n.牛仔裤boot n.靴子mushroom n.蘑菇;蕈poisonous adj. 引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的poison n.毒物;毒药;毒素vt. 毒死;毒害fold vt. 包;裹;折叠vt.&vi. (可)折小;(可)叠平super adv.特别;格外adj. 顶好的;超级的collection n.作品集;收集物;收藏品accessory n.配饰;附件;配件souvenir n.纪念物;纪念品percentage n百分率;百分比climate n.气候mild adj.温和的;和善的;轻微的settle vt.&vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷) construction n.建筑;建造;建造物;(句子、短语等的)结构material n.材料;布料;素材adj.物质的;实际的to name but a few 仅举几例tai chi(also t撇ai chi)n.太极拳clothing n.衣服;服装herbal adj.药草的;香草的suit vt. 适合;满足……需要;相配;合身n.西服;套装[at]first hand 第一手;亲自item n.项目;一件商品(或物品);一条(新闻) contain vt.包含;含有;容纳neat adj.极好的;整洁的;整齐的San Francisco 圣弗兰西斯科(旧金山)(美国城市)Napa Valley 纳帕谷(美国)the Golden Gate Bridge 金门桥the Mission District 教会区(旧金山)Mexico 墨西哥(北美洲国家)California 加利福尼亚(美国州名)Cantonese adj.广东的;粤语的;n.粤语;广东人the Richmond District 里士满区(旧金山)Huangguoshu Waterfall 黄果树瀑布Journey to the West 《西游记》Tin How Temple 天后古庙Bank of Canton 广东银行Portsmouth Square 花园角广场(旧金山)Robert Louis Stevenson 罗伯特路易斯蒂文森(英国作家)Unit 4astronaut n..宇航员;太空人procedure n.程序;步骤;手续mental adj.精神的;思想的cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的rocket n.火箭;火箭弹gravity n.重力;引力frontier n.边境;国界;边远地区vehicle n.交通工具;车辆universe n.宇宙;天地万物determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的determine vt.查明;确定;决定satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星launch vt&n. 发射;发起;上市orbit n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围vt&vi. 沿轨道运行;环绕……运行giant adj. 巨大的;伟大的n. 巨人;巨兽;伟人leap n. 跳跃;剧增;剧变vi&vt. 跳过;跃过mankind n. 人类agency n.(政府的)专门机构;服务机构;代理处transmit vt&vi. 传输;发送data n. [pl.] 资料;数据disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的desire n. 渴望;欲望vt. 渴望;期望carry on 继续做;坚持干ongoing adj.持续存在的;仍在进行的;不断发展的on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上independently adv. 独立地;自立地independent adj. 独立的;自立的spacecraft n. 航天器;宇宙飞船spacewalk n. 太空行走;太空行走的时间jade n. 玉;翡翠;玉器dock vi&vt.(两架航天器)对接;(使)……进港;n. 码头;船坞signal vt&vi. 标志着;标明;发信号n. 信号;标志in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望so as to(do sth)为了;以便recycle vt. 回收利用;再利用muscle n. 肌肉;实力;影响力lack n. 缺乏;短缺vt. 没有;缺乏float vi. 浮动;漂流;漂浮vt. 使浮动;使漂流otherwise adv. 否则;要不然beyond prep. 在更远处;超出solar adj. 太阳的;太阳能的solar system 太阳系;类太阳系current adj. 当前的;现在的n. 水流;电流;思潮figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白sufficient adj. 足够的;充足的soap n. 肥皂towel n. 毛巾;抹布microwave n. (also microwave oven)微波炉tissue n. 纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的)组织facility n. 设施;设备keen adj. 热衷的;渴望的globe n. 地球;世界;地球仪argue vt&vi 论证;争辩;争论argument n. 争论;争吵;论点fatal adj. 致命的;灾难性的shallow adj.肤浅的;浅的result in 导致;造成pattern n. 模式;图案;模范analysis n.(pl. analyses)(对事物的)分析;分析结果as a result 所以;结果(是)high-end adj. 高端的monitor n. 监视器;监测仪vt. 监视;监测;监控regularly adv.经常;定期地regular adj. 定期的;经常的;正常的foam n. 泡沫橡胶;泡沫pillow n. 枕头smartphone n.智能手机resource n.资源;财力;物力limited adj. 有限的provide for sb 提供生活所需closing adj. 结尾的;结束的n.停业;关闭;倒闭in closing 最后mystery n. 神秘事物;谜run out 用完;耗尽attach vt. 系;绑;贴oxygen n. 氧;氧气Sputnik “旅伴一号”(苏联发射的人类第一颗人造卫星)the USSR abbr. the Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics 苏联Yuri Gagarin 尤里·加加林(苏联宇航员)Neil Armstrong 尼尔·阿姆斯特朗(美国宇航员)NASA abbr. National Aeronautics andSpace Administration(美国)国家航空与航天局Voyager 1 “旅行者一号”Soyuz 11 “联盟11号”Challenger “挑战者”号航天飞机the International Space Station 国际空间站Jade Rabbit “玉兔”月球车Mars n. 火星Jupiter n. 木星Typhoon Goni 台风天鹅GPS abbr. global positioning system全球(卫星)定位系统Unit 5basis n. 基础;根据;基点on the basis of 在某事的基础上;根据某事loan n. 贷款;借款take out a loan 取得贷款plastic n.塑料adj. 塑料制的;塑料的apologise vi.(also apologize)道歉;谢罪ignore vt. 忽视;对……不予理会in return 作为回报;作为回应judge vt&vi 评价;评判;判断;n. 法官;审判员;裁判员scene n.(戏剧或歌剧的)场;现场;场面narrator n.(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者;讲述者(电视节目中的)幕后解说员narration n. 叙述;讲述;解说bet n. 打赌;赌注vi&vt.下赌注;用……打赌vt. 敢说make a bet 打个赌servant n. 仆人;用人as a matter of fact 事实上;其实;说真的by accident 偶然地;意外地sail vi&vt.(船)航行;(人)乘船航行spot vt. 看见;注意到;发现n.地点;处所;斑点;污迹consulate n. 领事馆dare vi &modal v. 胆敢;敢于sort n. 种类;类别mining n.采矿;采矿业patience n.耐心;忍耐力;毅力to be honest 说实话;坦率地说ought to 应该;应当be about to do sth 即将或正要(做某事)indicate vi & vt. 表明;显示vt. 象征;暗示beneath adv & prep. 在(或往)……下面;在……的表面之下postpone vt. 延迟;延期;延缓odd adj. 奇怪的;怪异的;反常的obligation n. 义务;职责;责任intention n. 打算;计划;意图;目的nowhere adv. 无处;哪里都不in case 以防;以防万一extent n. 程度;限度;大小;范围to…extent 到……程度;在……程度上musical n. 音乐剧adj. 音乐的dinosaur n. 恐龙hug vi & vt. 拥抱;抱紧pursue vt. 追求;致力于duty n. 责任;义务;职责;值班on duty 值班;执勤hesitate vi. 犹豫;迟疑;顾虑sequence vt. 按顺序排列n. 顺序;一系列eventually adv. 最后;终于tailor n.(男装)裁缝vt. 专门制作;定做clerk n. 职员;文书;店员manner n. 举止;行为方式;方法;[ pl.] 礼貌;礼仪in a…manner 以一种……的方式;带着一副……的样子downstairs adv. 顺楼梯而下;在楼下;往楼下stair n.楼梯;梯级aside adv.到旁边;在旁边;留;存frown n & vi皱眉in that case 既然那样;假使那样的话option n. 可选择的事物;选择;选择权broad adj. 宽阔的;广阔的;广泛的indeed adv. 其实;实际上;当然;确实normal adj. 典型的;正常的;一般的;精神正常的n. 常态;通常标准;一般水平willing adj. 愿意;乐意be willing to do sth 愿意或乐意做某事element n. 要素;基本部分plot n. 故事情节;布局;阴谋ambassador n. 大使;使节;代表upper-class adj. 上流社会的;上等阶层的upper adj. 上面的;上层的;靠上部的the upper class 上流社会;上等阶层maintain vt. 维持;保持;维修;保养permission n. 准许;许可;批准;许可证permit vt & vi. 允许;准许;使有可能saying n. 谚语;格言;警句external adj. 外部的;外面的;外来的Roderick 罗德里克Oliver 奥利弗Henry Adams 亨利·亚当斯The Phantom of the Opera 《歌剧魅影》(音乐剧)Reid 里德Todd 托德Portia Langham 波西亚兰厄姆。
英文化妆品说明书汉译中的图式对接模式
英文化妆品说明书汉译中的图式对接模式本文以图式理论为基础,通过一些国际知名化妆品品牌的实例,对英文化妆品说明书汉译中的图式对接翻译模式进行分类说明。
研究发现,英文化妆品说明书汉译中的图式对接翻译模式主要有以下三类:直接对接模式、间接对接模式和零对接模式。
其中间接对接模式又可分为三种,即具象化对接模式、转换对接模式和扩充对接模式。
标签:化妆品说明书图式对接模式一、引言近年来,学界对于化妆品说明书翻译的研究方兴未艾。
众学者主要从目的论、顺应论、接受理论、语言特点等不同角度对化妆品说明书翻译进行了分析和讨论。
但是,目前鲜有学者从认知的角度对英文化妆品说明书汉译模式进行研究。
鉴于此,本文拟在认知语言学的框架内,以图式理论为基点,对英文化妆品说明书汉译中的图式对接模式进行探讨。
二、图式理论“图式”的探讨可追溯至古希腊,原意为“外观、形象”。
后来,康德首先将“图式”一词引入哲学领域。
他认为人的大脑中存在纯概念的东西,图式是连接概念和感知对象的纽带(王寅,2007)。
1932年,巴特利特(F.C.Bartlett)首次将图式概念应用到心理学领域。
心理学家皮亚杰(Piaget)把图式看作是认知或智能结构,这一概念成为他后来所创立的发生认识论(genetic epistemology)的重要基础(卢植,2006)。
此后,图式理论在哲学、心理学、语言学、人类学和人工智能等领域都得到进一步的发展。
尽管各家对“图式”含义的表述不尽相同,但都基本认同图式是一种有组织的知识结构。
总体而言,图式就是指人类关于客观事物的具有结构层次的认知单元,是人类在和环境的不断互动过程中形成和发展起来的一种认知结构或认知模式,是一种业已抽象了的知识表征(王文斌,2008)。
人们对新事物的理解和认知在一定程度上都依赖于人脑中业已形成的各类图式。
我们认为,图式主要可分两种类型:语言图式和内容图式。
语言图式指人们所掌握的语言知识结构及其运用语言的能力,包括关于某种语言的字、词、句、语法、文本文体等知识及应用这些知识的能力;内容图式指关于实践知识、价值观念和文化道德等表征体系,即除了语言之外的百科知识结构。
英汉形合意合语篇衔接差异及翻译策_省略_fStudies及王佐良译本为例_白丽
山西煤炭管理干部学院学报2010.1收稿日期:2009-11-12作者简介:白丽(1983-),山西大学外语学院2008级硕士研究生。
英汉形合意合语篇衔接差异及翻译策略———以OfStudies及王佐良译本为例白丽(山西大学外国语学院,山西太原030006)摘要:英语重“形合”与汉语重“意合”是英汉两种语言之间的最重要的区别特征。
这一差异在照应、替代、省略、连接等各语篇衔接手段上都有所体现。
本文通过对OfStudies及王佐良译本的分析认为英汉互译时,应掌握英汉两种语言各自特点和规律,灵活处理。
关键词:翻译;形合;意合;衔接手段中图分类号:H059文献标识码:A文章编号:1008-8881(2010)01-0066-02一、引言英汉语言对比在翻译研究中越来越受到重视。
因为英汉互译的理论、方法和技巧都是建立在英汉两种语言异同对比的基础上的。
英汉两种语言属于不同的语系,有诸多的不同之处,如英语重物称,汉语重人称;英语重静态,汉语重动态;英语重被动,汉语重主动;英语重主语,汉语重主题等。
但语言学界普遍认同形合(hypotaxis)、意合(parataxis)是英汉语言之间最重要的区别特征。
本文将粗浅地从OfStudies及中译本来简单的探讨一下形合意合下英汉语篇衔接差异以及翻译策略。
二、形合(hypotaxis)与意合(parataxis)形合(hypotaxis)与意合(parataxis)是英汉语篇中的常用策略。
AmericanHeritageDictionary《美国传统词典》对hypotaxis的释义是:Thedependentorsubordinateconstruc-tionorrehfionshipofchuseswithconnectives.(分句间通过连接性词语表示的从属关系。
)TheWorldBookDictionary(《世界图书词大辞典》对parataxis的释义是:Thearrangingofclausesoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingthere-lationbetweenthem.(分句间不通过连接性词语而依仗次序来体现相互关系)。
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Advertising in Newspapers
Newspapers are an effective, inexpensive way to reach a mass audience
By Matt Alderton, Writer, Editor and Media Consultant Logolepsy Custom Content and Communications
多年来,报纸上的广告是一个很好的方式,为个人,企业和众多其他团体宣传他们所提供的服务或项目。到了使用互联网广告和营销中,报纸的分类广告的最佳方式为人们的市场和宣传他们的产品和服务。虽然互联网可能是顶部的广告和营销中的许多群人在当今时代,报纸广告仍然是当地最好的市场选择。
Choose a newspaper
There are numerous options for companies that want to make their mark in newsprint. Your city’s daily newspaper is just one of them. Others include local weeklies as well as regional and alternative papers. Consider high school and college newspapers, too, as well as trade newspapers and weekly shoppers.
1. Newspaper ads offer you wider and more frequent exposure.
2. Consumers tend to be more receptive to newspaper ads; they expect them and sometimes read the paper especially for them.
Sure, they’re not always as flashy and interesting as newer forms of advertising, and they’re certainly not as “cutting edge,” but newspaper ads work, and they’ve been working for more than a century (the first full-page newspaper ad appeared in 1878). Here’s why they might work for you:
3. Newspaper ads are convenient; you can buy ads and make changes to them quickly and easily.
4. Newspaper ads are more informative; there often is more room for important details, such as priceቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ and phone numbers.
Any person who has a service product to market on a local scale can use newspaper classified ads to increase awareness of what they have to offer. Newspaper classified ads are well known for their categories of rentable or purchasable homes, available employment positions, vehicles or vehicle parts for sale and everything in between. Even non-profit organizations and local churches use newspaper advertising to inform people of events, benefits or other helpful services they might be offering.
Select position, schedule
Where your ad is on the page is key; outside positions are ideal because readers will see them as they’re turning pages. Also important is in what section of the paper your ad runs; advertising in special sections, such as food or business, presents a unique opportunity for target marketing. Finally, before you publish your ad, you’ll need to decide when to run it and for how long; buying for frequency will save money and boost exposure.
Try: Every newspaper has a sales representative—who will help you navigate advertising options and rates—that it will assign to your account. ’s “How to Calculate Rates for Print Ads” will help you understand the rate cards that sales rep will give you while the Newspaper Association of America's Retail Advertising Planning and Budgeting Calculator will help you decide how much you should be willing to spend in the first place.
Try: Use NewsVoyager to locate newspapers of all types in your area.
Choose an ad size, rate
Newspaper ads are generally sold by column and inch. They come in many shapes and sizes, and there are typically many options for any sized budget.
Try: An especially effective type of newspaper is a coupon ad; placing a coupon in your ad will attract customers and give you a means for measuring ad response. CouponInfoNow offers a wealth of information on designing and distributing coupons that work.
In a world that’s filled to the brim with new media, it’s easy to forget about the old. But traditional media is far from dead. In fact, for small businesses in particular, it’s still very much alive. That’s because tried-and-true methods of advertising tend to be more affordable, more accessible and oftentimes more effective. And nothing is more tried and true than newspapers.
When you want to advertise any product, service or event on a local scale, newspaper advertising is highly advantageous. It may seem like Internet advertising is the best option for local and large-scale advertising, but newspaper ads are still the superior way to advertise locally. If you are interested in more information about newspaper advertising, is an excellent resource.
For many years, newspaper advertising has been an excellent way for individuals, businesses and numerous other groups to advertise the services or items they have to offer. Until the overwhelming use of the Internet advertising and marketing medium, newspaper classified ads were the optimal way for people to market and advertise their products and services. While the Internet may be the top advertising and marketing medium for many groups of people in current times, newspaper advertising is still the best local marketing option.