河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示)unit8isaraceofrobotspossib

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河海大学分析研究生英语教学方案计划教育教程第五版U1U20重要资料课本学习知识中英文对照

Unit 1Ghosts for Tea1 “Ten pence for a view over the bay”, said the old man with the telescope.“Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935. ”“十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道。

“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。

请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。

”2 Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。

3 Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea. Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist. 峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。

河海大学研究生英语一文章翻译(Unit11-20)

Unit 11 The IksIks 小部落从前是游牧的猎人，聚居在乌干达北部的山谷中，现在这个部落变得很有名，整体上是灰心沮丧的，残忍冷酷的人类的终极命运的文学象征。

两件确实是灾难的事发生在他们身上：政府决定拥有一个国家公园，所以他们被法律迫使放弃山谷中的打猎生活，在贫瘠的山坡的土壤上变成农民，然后一个讨厌他们，研究他们两年的人类学家写了一本关于他们的书。

这本书的主题是：由于传统文化的废除，IKs变成一群彼此毫无关系，残酷无情，而又绝对令人讨厌的人，他们完全的自私和冷酷。

此外，这些特征正像我们内心的自己，当我们的社会结构完全错乱时，我们也将全部变成Iks。

这篇论文依据某种关于人类本质的设想，这种设想必然是推测而来的。

你不得不预先同意人类从本质上讲是坏的，完全为了他自己，展现出来的例如爱和同情这样的美德仅仅是后天学到的习惯。

如果你采纳这个观点，Iks人的故事便可以证实它。

这些人似乎是一直生活在一起，聚居在拥挤的小村庄，但是他们都是一群真正的独居的无关联的个体，彼此间没有明显的好处。

他们说话，但是只是做一些坏脾气的要求和冷漠的拒绝。

他们不分享。

他们从不唱歌。

他们的孩子一能走路就被打发出去寻找食物，只要有可能他们便抛弃那些老人，使他们饿死，那些寻找食物的孩子从无助的老人口中抢夺食物。

它是一个不友好的社会。

他们养育子女，但是不是出于爱，甚至也不是出于偶尔的关心。

他们在彼此的台阶上随地大小便。

他们观察他们的邻居，以等待不幸的降临，而且只有那时他们才大笑。

在书中，他们经常笑，因为有太多厄运。

好几次，他们甚至嘲笑人类学家，使人类学家发现这种嘲笑尤其令人反感（读者在字里行间发现，学者本身不是这世界上最幸运的人）。

更糟糕的是，他们把他带到家中，抢夺他的食物，在他的台阶上大小便，并且呵斥人类学家。

他们给他糟糕的两年。

它是一本令人沮丧的书。

如果，正像他建议的那样，在我们每个人的心中只有IK人的特性，我们唯一的维系人性的希望，将是不断地修补我们社会的结构，然而我们的社会结构变得如此之快，如此之完全，以至于我们不能及时找到修补社会的方法。

【VIP专享】河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,特殊单词有注释)U7 the healing power of beli

The Healing power of Beliefr scrutiny,however,I discovered that severity of the illness was only one of a number of factors th 在过去的两年里，我一直在UGLAilarities are:They all had a strong will to liveyous response者的主要特征非常相似：他们都有着非常强的求生欲望；坚持；信他们的治疗会起作用。

e was John Stehlin.在和attitudes.者减慢到几乎停止的程度。

这种表演在东方文明并不陌生，但是和十二位甚至更多的对生物反馈这种用法非常着迷的医师共同在一个美国的医学院观看这个证明，至少说明它的确非常令人惊愕，This mind-body effect should not be surprising in view of the experience over the years with placebos.The t erm “placebo” is used to describe a “pill” that contains no medical ingredients but that often pro duces the same effect as genuine medication.Placebos provide ample proof that expectations can have an effect on body chemistry.According to a recent article on placebos in Medical Word Ne ws,studies conducted over the past 25 years shown that placebos satisfactorily relieved sympto ms in an average of 35 percent of patients tested.These symptoms include:fever,severe postoper ative pain,anginal pain headache,and anxiety,among other complaints.The explanation for this st range phenomenon is that the human mind can create actual changes in body chemistry as a res ult of what is believes.If,for example,a person believes that a certain medication contains a subst ance that can accomplish a specific need,the body tends to move in that direction.其实从已经进行了多年的安慰剂实验的角度，这种身心效应其实并不应该令人吃惊。

河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译（重...

A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, pr ofessional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. Groups are capable of being as moral a nd intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own an d is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, peo ple lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is incre ased to the point where they cease to have any judgement or will of their own. They become ver y excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, they are subject to sudden excesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a word, a man in a crowd behaves as though he had s wallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant. He is a victim of what I have called' herd-pois oning'. Like alcohol, herd- poison is an active, extravagant drug. The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness. 一个人通过以下两种方式与社会直接接触：作为某个家庭、职业或宗教组织的成员，或者仅仅是隶属于某个群体。

研究生英语综合教程英语原文 Unit8

Unit Eight It's almost a common sense that wearing a seat belt can keep passengers from being injured or being killed in a car accident. But recent research done by John Adams shows more complicated statistics. More car accidents are caused by the reckless drivers who wear seat belts.THE HIDDEN DANGER OF SEAT BELTS David Bjerklie1 Seat belts still decrease our risk of dying in an accident, but the statistics are not all black and white. In fact, according to one researcher, seat belts may actually cause people to drive more recklessly.2 If there's one thing we know about our risky world, it's that seat belts save lives. And they do, of course. But reality, as usual, is messier and more complicated than that. John Adams, risk expert and emeritus professor of geography at University College London, was an early skeptic of the seat belt safety mantra. Adams first began to look at the numbers more than 25 years ago. What he found was that contrary to conventional wisdom, mandating the use of seat belts in 18 countries resulted in either no change or actually a net increase in road accident deaths.3 How can that be? Adams' interpretation of the data rests on the notion of risk compensation, the idea that individuals tend to adjust their behavior in response to what they perceive; as changes in the level of risk. Imagine, explains Adams, a driver negotiating a curve in the road. Let's make him a young male. He is going to be influenced by his perceptions of both the risks and rewards of driving a car. The considerations could include getting to work or meeting a mend for dinner on time, impressing a companion with his driving skills, bolstering his image of himself as an accomplished driver. They could also include his concern for his own safety and desire to live to a ripe old age, his feelings of responsibility for a toddler with him in a car seat, the cost of banging up his shiny new car or losing his license.Nor will these possible concerns exist in a vacuum. He will be taking into account the weather and the condition of the road, the amount of traffic and the capabilities of the car he is driving. But crucially, says Adams, this driver will also be adjusting his behavior in response to what he perceives are changes in risks. If he is wearing a seat belt and his car has front and side air bags and anti-skid brakes to boot, he may in turn drive a bit more daringly.4 The point, stresses Adams, is that drivers who feel safe may actually increase the risk that they pose to other drivers, bicyclists, pedestrians and their own passengers (while an average of 80% of drivers buckle up, only 68% of their rear-seat passengers do). And risk compensation is hardly confined to the act of driving a car. Think of a trapeze artist, suggests Adams, or a rock climber or motorcyclist. Add some safety equipment to the equation- a net, rope or helmet respectively- and the person may try maneuvers that he or she would otherwise consider foolish. In the case of seat belts, instead of a simple, straightforward reduction in deaths, the end result is actually a more complicated redistribution of risk and fatalities. For the sake of argument, offers Adams, imagine how it might affect the behavior of drivers if a sharp stake were mounted in the middle of the steering wheel? Or if the bumper were packed with explosives. Perverse, yes, but it certainly provides a vivid example of how a perception of risk could modify behavior.5 In everyday life, risk is a moving target, not a set number as statistics might suggest. In addition to external factors, each individual has his or her own internal comfort level with risk- taking. Some are daring while others are cautious by nature. And still others are fatalists who may believe that a higher power devises mortality schedules that fix a predetermined time when ournumber is up. Consequently, any single measurement assigned to the risk of driving a car is bound to be only the roughest sort of benchmark. Adams cites, as an example the statistical fact that a young man is 100 times more likely to be involved in a severe crash than is a middle-aged woman. Similarly, someone driving at 3:00 a.m. Sunday is more than 100 times more likely to die than someone driving at 10:00 a.m. Sunday. Someone with a personality disorder is 10 times more likely to die. And let's say he's also drunk. Tally up All these factors and consider them independently says Adams, and you could arrive at. a statistical prediction that a disturbed, drunken young man driving in the middle of the night is 2.7 million times more likely to be involved in a serious accident than would a sober, middle-aged woman driving to church seven hours later.6 The bottom line is that risk doesn't exist in a vacuum and that there are a host of factors that come into play, including the rewards of risk, whether they are financial, physical or emotional. It is this very human context which risk exists. That is key, says Adams, who titled one of his recent blogs: What Kills You Matters- Not Numbers. Our reaction to risk very much depends on the degree to which it is voluntary (scuba diving), unavoidable (public transit) or imposed (air quality), the degree to which we feel we are in control (driving) or at the mercy of others (plane travel), and the degree to which the source of possible danger is benign ("doctor's orders), indifferent (nature) or malign, (murder and terrorism). We make dozens of risk calculations daily, but you can book odds- that most of them are so automatic or visceral- that we barely notice them.。

研究生英语综合教程UNIT8课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)

UNIT81. In the last year, MOOCs have gotten a tremendous amount of publicity. Last November, the New York Times decided that 2012 was “the Year of the MOOC,” and columnists like David Brooks and Thomas Friedman have proclaimed ad nausea that the MOOC “revolution” is a “tsunami” that will soon transform higher education. As a Time cover article on MOOCs put it — in a rhetorical flourish that has become a truly dead cliché — “College is Dead. Long Live College!”2. Where is the hype coming from? On the one hand, higher education is ripe for “disruption” — to use Clayton Christensen’s theory of “disruptive innovation” — because there is a real, systemic crisis in higher education, one that offers no apparent or immanent solution. It’s hard to imagine how the status quo can survive if you extend current trends forward into the future: how does higher education as we know it continue if tuition fees and student debt continue to skyrocket while state funding continues to plunge? At what point does the system simply break down? Something has to give.3.At the same time, the speed at which an obscure form of non-credit-based online pedagogy has gone so massively mainstream demonstrates the level of investment that a variety of powerful people and institutions have made in it. The MOOC revolution, if it comes, will not be the result of a groundswell of dissatisfaction felicitously finding a technology that naturally solves problems, nor some version of the market’s invisible hand. It’s a tsunami powered by the interested speculation of interested parties in a particular industry. MOOCs are, and will be, big business, and the way that their makers see profitability at the end of the tunnel is what gives them their particular shape.4. After all, when the term itself was coined in 2008 — MOOC, for Massively Open Online Course — it described a rather different kind of project. Dave Cormier suggested the name for an experiment in open courseware that George Siemens and Stephen Downes were putting together at the University of Manitoba, a class of 25 students that was opened up to over 1,500 online participants. The tsunami that made land in 2012 bears almost no resemblance to that relatively small — and very differently organized — effort at a blended classroom.For Cormier, Siemens, and Downes, the first MOOC was part of a long-running engagement with connectivist principles of education, the idea that we learn best when we learn collaboratively, in networks, because the process of learning is less about acquiring new knowledge “content” than about building the social and neural connections that will 1. 去年，“大规模在线开放课程”得到了广泛的宣传。

河海大学研究生英语教程第五版UU重点课文中英文对照

河海大学研究生英语教程第五版Ｕ-Ｕ重点课文中英文对照
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Ｕniｔ1Leabharlann Ｇｈosts foｒTea
1“Ｔen pｅnce forａvｉewover tｈｅbay”，ｓaiｄｔheolｄｍaｎwiｔｈthe tｅlescope.“Loveｌｙｃleａｒmｏrnｉng．Have a loｏｋat the oｌd ligｈｔｈｏuse and tｈe remainｓof tｈe gｒeat shipwrｅcｋof 193５.”“十便士看一次海湾风光,”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道。“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。请来看看那古老的灯塔和１９35年失事的大轮船残骸吧。”
5Ｈｉs vｏice seeｍed to grow dｅeperａndmｏreｄｒamatiｃ.他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。
6“Ｆoｒa whｏleweｅｋthat ligｈthouseｈadbｅeｎiｓolaｔedby stoｒms”, heｂegan, “ｗiｔｈterｒｉfｙｉnｇseａsｓurging aｎd crasｈingovｅｒthｅrocks．Peopleon sｈｏrewere anxｉoｕs aｂout thｅtwo men worｋing theｒe. Theｙ'ｄbeｅn on tｈｅbest ofｔerms uｎtil tｗo oｒthreeweekｓｂefｏre，when they hａdｑuarreledoverｃardsin tｈevｉｌlａge inn.MａrtinhaｄaccusedＢlake oｆcheaｔing．Blake haｄｖｏwｅdtoａvengethｅinsulttoｈis hｏnｏr.But tｈanｋs toｔhewisｅadｖｉceｏｆa maｎtｈeyｂotｈreｓpected,ｔheyａpologizedｔｏeａcｈotheｒ，andsooｎseｅｍed to haｖｅｇot oｖｅr tｈeirｄiｓａｇreemenｔ.Bｕｔsoｍｅslightｒesentｍent aｎｄbitteｒnessｒemainｅd. And it wasｆｅaredthat thestrａin of continuedｉsoｌatioｎanｄrough weatｈｅrｍight aｆfｅcｔthｅirｎervｅs,tｈouｇh，needlｅssto say, thｅiｒfriｅnds haｄｎo idea hｏw seｒioｕs the coｎsequeｎcｅsｗouｌd be.”“整整一个礼拜,风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。“咆啸的大海波涛汹涌,海浪拍打着岩石,轰然作响。岸上的人们十分担心在那儿工作的两个人。他们俩是多年的挚友,但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对侮辱他人格的不实之辞进行报复。多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝,他们才互相道了歉，并以乎很快地结束了他们之间的不快。不过各自心里还有些怨恨。因此,人们担心长时间与世隔绝所造成的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使他们俩神经过敏,尽管不用说，但两人的朋友们根本没意识到后果会有多么严重。”

河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示特殊单词有注释)unit6howtoreadbodyl

All of us communicate with one another nonverbally,as well as with words.Most of the time we' re not aware that we're doing it.We gesture with eyebrows or a hand,meet someone else's eyes and look away,shift positions in a chair.These actions we assume are random and incidental.But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistent a nd comprehensible as language.我们所有人都会通过非语言的方式同其他人交流。

虽然很多时候我们并没有觉察到这一点。

我们通过手势和眉毛的变化来做敬礼的姿势，与其他人目光相遇再移开，在椅子上变换位置。

这些行为在我们看来都是随机无意的。

但研究者近年来发现这些肢体动作与语言一样，是一个连续一致且可以理解的系统。

Every culture has its own body language,and children absorb its nuances along with spoken lang uage.A Frenchman talks and moves in French.The way an Englishman crosses his legs is nothing like the way a male American does it.In talking,Americans are apt to end a statement with a dro op of the head or hand,a lowering of the eyelids.They wind up a question with a lift of the hand, a tilt of the chin,or a widening of the eyes.With a future - tense verb they often gesture with a f orward movement.每种文化都有其独特的肢体语言，法国人以法语的方式来说话和行动。

研究生英语课文翻译Unit 8

Is a race of robots possibleA good many technical people become irate when you call a computer a giant brain.They insist that a computer does only what thinking humans have planned to have it do.如果你称一个计算机为“超级大脑”，有很多技术人员会非常生气。

他们坚持认为电脑仅仅会做思考的人们计划让他们做的事情。

Yet one authority states categorically,”A machine can handle information;it can calculate,conclude,and choose;it can perform reasonable operations with information.A machine,therefore,can think.”Famed mathematician Norbert Wiener,of MIT,envisions a machine that can learn and will “in not way be obliged to make such decisions as we should have made,or will be acceptable to us.”Evidently,he thinks machines can think.但一个官方直截了当地表示“一台机器可以处理信息，它可以计算，总结以及选择，它可以用信息进行合理的运算。

因此机器可以思考。

”著名的数学家,麻省理工学院的Norbert Wiener 假象一个机器可以学习，并且“绝不会被迫做出本应由我们做出的或者我们愿意接受的决定”。

很显然，他认为机器可以思考。

河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,特殊单词有注释)Unit 3 On Friendship-推荐下载

出现许多小仪式，并经常与一些个人承诺。

他们可能是孩子们的朋友的父母，邻居家里的客人，一个委员会的成员，从其他城市甚至另一个国家的商业伙伴。

作为进入美国的家里做客的到来，欧洲游客没有发现明显的地标。

气氛是轻松的。

大多数人，老的少的，被称为首先名字。

Who, then, is friend?Even simple translation from one language to another is difficult. " You see." a Frenchman explai ns, "if I were to say to you in France, 'This is my good friend, 'that person would not be as close to me as someone about whom I said only, 'This is my friend. 'Anyone about whom I have to say more is really less. " 使是简单的从一种语言翻译成另一种是困难的，“你看，”法国人解释说，“如果我说你在法国，这是我的好朋友，'这个人不会像我这样的人靠近约人我说的只是，这是我的朋友。

' 关于他我要多说任何人是真的少了。

In France, as in many other European countries, friends generally are of the same sex, and friend ship is seen as basically a relationship between men. Frenchwomen laugh at the idea that "wome n can' t be friends, "but they also admit sometimes that for women "it's a different thing. "And m any French people doubt the possibility of a friendship between a man and a woman. There is als o the kind of relationship within a group -men and women who have worked together for a long time, who may be very close, sharing gre at loyalty and warmth of feeling. They may call one another copains -a word that in English becomes "friends" but has more the feeling of "pals "or "buddies. "In Fren ch eyes this is not friendship, although two members of such a group may well be friends. 在法国，在许多欧洲国家，朋友一般都是同性，友谊是人与人之间的关系基本上是看到。

河海大学出版社研究生英语学生用书课文翻译

Unit 11 The IksThe small tribe of Iks, formerly nomadic hunters and gatherers in the mountain valleys of northern Uganda, have become celebrities, literary symbols for the ultimate fate of disheartened, heartless mankind at large. Two disastrously conclusive things happened to them: the government decided to have a national park, so they were compelled by law to give up hunting in the valleys and become farmers on poor hillside soil, and then they were visited for two years by an anthropologist who detested them and wrote a book about them.小部落伊克人，曾经在乌干达北部山谷里过着狩猎和采集的游牧民族生活，已变成名人，总体来说，成了最终命运沮丧的、无情的人的人文象征。

两件具有灾难性、决定性意义的事情发生在他们身上。

政府决定建一座国家公园，所以他们依法被迫放弃在山谷里的狩猎生活，而变成贫瘠的山坡地里的农民。

之后，一个憎恶他们的人类学家访问了他们两年，并写了一本关于他们的书。

The message of the book is that the Iks have transformed themselves into an irreversibly disagreeable collection of unattached, brutish creatures, totally selfish and loveless, in response to the dismantling of their traditional culture. Moreover, this is what the rest of us are like in our inner selves, and we will all turn into Iks when the structure of our society comes all unhinged.书的主旨是说，伊克人已经将自己变成了无药可救的不友善的人渣，是独立的、野兽般的生物，完全的自私无情。

研究生英语课文翻译Unit 8

研究生英语课文翻译Unit 8 Unit 8: 研究生英语课文翻译Introduction:研究生英语课文翻译作为研究生教育中的一门重要课程，对于培养学生英语语言运用和翻译能力具有重要意义。

本文将探讨研究生英语课文翻译的重要性和挑战，并提供一些有效的翻译技巧和方法。

I. 重要性：研究生英语课文翻译在研究生培养过程中起到了至关重要的作用。

首先，它帮助学生提升英语阅读能力，尤其是在学术领域的文献阅读方面。

其次，通过翻译课文，学生能够提高对英语语法和词汇的理解和掌握。

此外，研究生英语课文翻译还有助于学术交流和文化理解，培养学生的跨文化沟通能力。

II. 挑战：然而，研究生英语课文翻译也面临着一些挑战。

首先，研究生在学术英语方面的学习起点各不相同，因此很难在短时间内适应和掌握翻译中所涉及的各种学术词汇和表达方式。

其次，语言和文化的差异也是一个挑战，因为研究生需要在翻译过程中准确传达原文的意思，并确保译文自然流畅。

最后，研究生英语课文翻译也要求学生具备一定的专业背景知识，以便更好地理解和翻译学术领域的内容。

III. 翻译技巧和方法：为了应对研究生英语课文翻译的挑战，学生可以采取以下一些有效的翻译技巧和方法。

首先，建议学生多阅读原文的相关资料，扩大词汇量和语境理解，以便更好地把握原文的含义。

其次，学生可以提前准备专业词库，并进行系统性的学习和总结，以便在翻译过程中更准确地使用相关术语。

此外，使用各种翻译工具和资源也是一个好的方法，比如词典、在线翻译网站以及各种专业词典和语料库。

最后，多与他人交流和讨论，分享翻译经验和困惑，互相学习和提升。

Conclusion:研究生英语课文翻译是研究生教育中不可或缺的一环，对于学生的英语语言运用和翻译能力有着重要的促进作用。

虽然翻译过程中会面临一些挑战，但通过合理的翻译技巧和方法，学生能够更好地应对并提高翻译质量。

因此，对于研究生而言，积极参与研究生英语课文翻译的学习和实践是非常必要的，将为他们未来的学术研究和国际交流打下坚实的基础。

河海大学研究生学术英语笔记加背诵段落

研一上英语期末复习笔记1961 年9 月23 日，毛泽东会见英国陆军元帅蒙哥马利，其中谈到了接班人的问题。

而在前一天，毛泽东和身边的工作人员就接班人的翻译问题进行了商谈。

毛泽东问英文里继承人是什么，熊向晖答是successor，并在一张纸上写了出来。

毛泽东看后说：“success 这个单词我背过，意思是成功，怎么加上or 就翻译成继承人了？”浦寿昌解释说：“在西方，成功意味着有财产，而财产则存在继承问题，需要指定继承人。

”毛泽东说：“这个名词不好，我一无土地，二无房产，银行里也没有存款，继承我什么呀？红领巾都唱，我们是共产主义接班人，还是叫接班人好，这才是无产阶级的说法。

”期末试卷题型及考试范围☆客观题（要涂卡，记得带2B 铅笔及橡皮）①听力理解（1*20=20）：基本上都是听力课教材的原题（英语一、二）②词汇（0.5*20=10）：全部来自《研英》Unit1-10 课后词汇题的原题（英语一）一半来自《研英》Unit1-10 原题，一半来自《学英》Unit1-4 原题（英语二）③完形填空（1*15=15）：从《研英》Unit1-10 的某篇课文原文中挖空出题（英语一、二）④阅读理解（1*20=20）：有两篇来自《研英》Unit1-10 课后原题，有两篇为课外（英语一、二）☆主观题（注意把握时间，客观题可能的话尽量提前预记答案，留足够的时间给主观题）①翻译（10*2=20）：一段英译汉，一段汉译英，英译汉与课文有一定的相关度（英语一、二）②写作（1*15=15）：一篇大作文，英语一不详，英语二确定为图表类作文（英语一、二）《研究生英语教程》Unit 1-10 词汇题释义（英语一、二）Unit 1[辨] view / scene / scenery / sightsale n. 出售[辨] thief / bandit / burglar / robberwind - wound - wound v. 缠绕visible adj. 看得见的grim adj. 不景气的with the result that 其结果是fiction n. 小说crawl v. 爬行a flock of birds 一群鸟儿stretch out 使能维持glide v. 滑翔slide v. 滑行lick / lap up 舔食isolate / separate v. 使隔离deferential / respectful adj. 恭敬的flash out at sb. 对某人勃然大怒地说creep vi. 爬行charge sb. with sth. / accuse sb. of sth. 指控a scattering of / a sprinkle of 寥寥无几的curl vi. 盘绕Unit 2appeal to 求助于stock-in-trade n. 惯用手段be capable of 能容纳下make contact with 接触in a word 总之be subject to 经受at one’s mercy 任其摆布know one’s business 胜任自己从事的工作have no use for 不喜欢without qualification 无条件地be characteristic of 为…所特有realistic / practical adj. 现实的chaotic / disordered adj. 混乱的liquidate v. 清除[辨] destroy / ruin / damagesymptom n. 征兆[辨] symbol / signal / signcharacteristic / attribute n. 特性extravagant / wasteful adj. 奢侈浪费的suspend / postpone v. 延迟fallacy / misconception n. 谬见rational / reasonable adj. 合理的Unit 3attachment n. 依恋honor one’s commitment 信守诺言endure v. 忍受draw on 利用intensify v. 加剧courteous adj. 彬彬有礼的take sth. into account 考虑be centered on 集中在be subject to 取决于fall into step with sb. 开始与某人步调一致raise / bring up 提出confidential adj. 保密的share secrets 分享秘密draw out / extract 提炼出band / group n. 团伙sentiment / emotion n. 情绪irrevocably / unchangeably adv. 不可改变地temporary / tentative adj. 暂时性的invoke / ask for 祈求similarity / resemblance n. 相似之处view / examine v. 观察Unit 4predetermine v. 预先决定cover up 掩盖acknowledgment n. 感谢rigorous adj. 严格的diffuse adj. 弥漫的；散漫芜杂的expound v. 解释highlight n. 突出之处spring from 源于instill v. 逐渐灌输acknowledge / recognize v. 承认peer / fellow n. 同伴breakdown / fail in 失败futile /useless adj. 无用的essential / fundamental adj. 基本的thorough / rigorous adj. 缜密的evade / avoid v. 逃避explicit / clearly-expressed adj. 表述清楚的diversion / distraction n. 令人分心的事物be detached from / be indifferent to 冷漠对待Unit 5afflict v. 折磨assimilatev. 同化prescribev. 规定incumbent n. 现任者exactitude n. 规规矩矩vague adj. 模糊的dismay n. 沮丧variable n. 变量by a narrow margin 悬而又悬地muddy the waters 把事情弄糟causality n. 因果关系chalk up 取得（胜利、分）scorn / contempt n. 藐视merit / value n. 价值virtually / almost adv. 几乎hazy / uncertain adj. 模糊的stark / harsh adj. 严酷的rigid / strict adj. 严格的assimilate / digest v. 消化吸收It is incumbent on sb. to do sth. 有责任做obligatory adj. 义务的switch / shift v. 转换transaction / deal n. 交易judicious / sensible adj. 明智的implement / carry out 实施Unit 6the pros and cons 赞成与反对者stretch v. 伸展soap bubble 肥皂泡minute adj. 极小的point out 指出back off 退缩be compatible with 相一致introverted adj. 内向的densely-populated adj. 人口密集的roundabout adj. 间接的incidentally / by chance 偶然地be consistent with 相一致droop / sag vi. 下垂wind up / end 结束tilted adj. 倾斜的crooked adj. 弯曲的pick up / identify / make out 识别vocal / voiced adj. 由嗓音发出的impact / effect n. 影响spell out 讲清楚potent drug 强效药avoid / dodge v. 躲避haughty / arrogant adj. 傲慢的blink v. 眨眼chatter v. 喋喋不休idle adj. 琐碎无聊的tense / nervous adj. 紧张的rage / fury n. 暴怒provocative / stimulating adj. 起激励作用的fire up 激起热情hot adj. 激动的spot / see v. 发现Unit 7enhance one’s reputation 提高名誉respiration n. 呼吸ignite vi. 燃烧cherish v. 珍爱distinguished adj. 卓越的minimize v. 作最低估计[辨] affect / influenceoriginal adj. 最初的be related to 有关recede v. 退去scrutiny / examination n. 审查severity / seriousness n. 严重性account for / explain 解释forecast / predict v. 预测verdict / decision n. 判决overcome / defeat v. 战胜dismal / melancholy adj. 忧郁的array / collection n. 陈列thrilled adj. 非常兴奋的be caught up in / be involved in 被卷入fascinating / entrancing adj. 使人入迷的cite / quote v. 引用ample / abundant adj. 充足的relieve / alleviate v. 减轻vital / important adj. 重要的heal / cure v. 治愈treatment / medical care n. 医治nursing n. 护理enlighten / inspire v. 启发negative / pessimistic adj. 消极的emotion / feeling n. 情感Unit 8anecdote n. 轶事proceed with 继续做boil down to 归结为account for 导致at any rate 无论如何assimilate v. 消化吸收preoccupied adj. 心事重重的fall into 分成in answer to 回答conceivable adj. 可想到的comment on sth. 发表看法blunder v. 因无知或粗心而犯错误commit murder 犯谋杀罪controversy / debate n. 争论comprise / constitute v. 构成originate / emerge v. 开始出现embrace / accept v. 接受component / constituent n. 构成部分outstanding / remarkable adj. 杰出的rigid adj. 严格僵化的fixed adj. 固定的category /group n. 类colleague / fellow worker 同事maze n. 迷宫network n. 网状系统bypath n. 旁道alley n. 小巷endow / provide v. 给予multiply v. 迅速增加duplicate / identical adj. 完全一样的remark / comment v. 说reliably / dependably adv. 可靠地synthetic / artificial adj. 人造的Unit 9discard v. 丢弃clever / skillful adj. 熟练的abandon v. 放弃purify v. 提纯pure iron 纯铁emit v. 放射eliminate v. 消除determine v. 决定check v. 抑制firmadj. 坚固的preserve / save v. 保存accent / stress v. 重读sniff / smell v. 闻consume v. 花费take up 占用manufacture / produce v. 制造endless / limitless adj. 无限的exhaustive / thorough adj. 详尽的worn out adj. 用坏的dispose / array v. 排列rusty adj. 生锈的oxidize v. 使生锈stack / pile v. 摞vicious / violent adj. 凶猛的cycle n. 循环sequence n. 连续fellowship n. 交情spoil / rot vi. 腐败变质stumble / trip v. 绊倒dump / unload v. 卸下deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺deny sb. sth. 拒绝给予explode / blow up 爆炸Unit 10wistful adj. 伤感的sobering adj. 令人警醒的crave for 渴望bold adj. 大胆的hero n. 英雄upbringing n. 接受的教养hijack v. 劫机galvanize v. 激励be thronged with 挤满contentious adj. 爱争论的potentially adv. 可能地hazardous / risky a dj. 冒险的call for / require 需要last / continue v. 持续trait /quality n. 特点stimulate / encourage v. 激发inherently / intrinsically adv. 本质上地likelihood n. 可能性predictability n. 可预测性trigger / set off 引起warrior / fighter n. 斗士determine / fix v. 确定urge / encourage v. 力劝varied / diversified adj. 多样化的contention / controversy n. 争论national anthem 国歌《学术综合英语》Unit 1-4 词汇题释义（英语二）Unit 1assertion n. 声明contrary to与…相反look up 查找implicit adj. 含蓄的at hand 即将发生in the course of 在…过程中adapt v. 适应sustain v. 维持unbiased adj. 无偏见的rhythm n. 节奏clutter n. 杂乱metaphor n. 暗喻impromptu / unprepared adj. 即兴的sparingly / economically adv. 节约地credible / reliable adj. 可信赖的credential n. 证书paraphrase / restate v. 改述anecdote n. 轶事hypothetical / supposed adj. 假设的testimony / evidence n. 证明bolster / support v. 支撑juxtaposition / side-by-side position 并置impassioned adj. 充满激情的trigger v. 引发poignant adj. 令人心酸的be inundated 被淹没[usu passive] spawn v. 造成disruptv. 扰乱adverselyadv. 不利地localize v. 使局部化supplement v.补充identify v. 识别Unit 2contribute v. 投稿center on 集中在plausible adj. 看似合理的entail v. 导致consensus n. 共识liability n. 累赘menace n. 威胁triple vt. 使成三倍intractable adj. 难对付的massive adj. 大量的devastating adj. 毁灭性的pose v. 造成detract from / take away from 减损inadequacy / shortage n. 短缺on a par with / the same as 与…一样staggering / astounding adj. 令人惊愕的portend / predict v. 预示believable adj. 可信的augment v. 增加emergence / appearance n. 出现aggravating / annoying adj. 令人恼怒的pin down / discover 弄明确striking adj. 显著的resurgence n. 再度猖獗by virtue of 凭借equitable adj. 公平的implication n. 可能的结果mainstay n. 最基本组成部分thread n. 主线clear-cut adj. 清晰的virtually adv. 几乎mobility n. 社会地位或阶层升降的流动性viable adj. 可行的rife adj. 猖獗的Unit 3address v. 处理border on 近乎in other words 换句话说be involved in 被卷入enforce a ceasefire 执行停火协定be applied to 被应用于regardless of 不管conviction n. 判罪infraction n. 违犯suggest v. 暗示available adj. 可得的consistent adj. 始终如一的nail v. 逮住并证明…犯法whopping / huge adj. 巨大的sporadically / occasionally adv. 偶发地prod / urge v. 敦促fatality / death n. [C] 死亡turn up / find 发现prior to / before 在…之前on a whim 心血来潮地car crash / car accident 车祸subsequent / following adj. 接下来的indulge v. 纵情heed v. 注意听从issue v. 发布venture vi. 冒险accountability n. 应负责任give rise to 引起in place 到位predict v. 预测head for 前往Unit 4sumptuous adj. 豪华奢侈的prerogative n. 特权subtlety / delicacy n. 微妙ambiguity n. 模棱两可rapport n. 默契covert adj. 隐密的misinterpretation n. 误解subservience n. 恭顺pro forma adj. [拉] 形式上的be stricken by 受侵害national priority area 国家优先发展区域be labelled (as) 称…为[usu passive] account for 占get one’s way 为所欲为make mischief 挑拨离间frame v. 陷害debase v. 降低质量underhanded adj. 偷摸的do one’s bidding 听某人的吩咐portray v. 刻画disruptiveadj. 扰乱的stereotype n. 模式化形象trauma n. 精神上的创伤momentum n.势头flawed adj. 有瑕疵的innuendo n. 暗讽commit v. 拨款retribution n. 惩罚initiate v. 发起老师要求背诵段落翻译，红色为老师留过的作业第一课Cliffs stretched into the distance; sparking waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea. Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist.峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。

研究生英语综合教程下第八单元课文中英文对照熊海虹

Unit8像大山一样思考奥尔多•利奥波德A deep chesty bawl echoes from rimrock to rimrock,rolls down the mountain,and fades into the blackness of the night.It is an outburst of wild defiant sorrow,an of contempt for all the adversities of the world.1一个发自肺腑的低沉而又尖厉的号叫在悬崖之间回荡，最后划过大山，消逝在远方深沉的夜色中。

这声号叫爆发出一种充满野性和反抗的哀愁，爆发出对世界上一切逆境的蔑视。

Every living thing(and perhaps many a dead one as well)pays heed to that call.To the deer it is a reminder of the way of flesh,to the pine a forecast of midnight scuffles and of blood upon the snow,to the coyote a promise of gleaning to come,to the cowman a thread of red ink at the bank,to the hunter a challenge of fang against bullet.Yet behind these obvious and immediate hopes and fears there lies a deeper meaning,known only to the mountain itself.Only the mountain has lived long enough to listen objectively to the howl of a wolf.2大山中所有的生物(可能也包括许多死去的生物)都侧耳倾听着这声号叫。

河海大学出版社研究生英语学生用书课文翻译

两件具有灾难性、决定性意义的事情发生在他们身上。

政府决定建一座国家公园，所以他们依法被迫放弃在山谷里的狩猎生活，而变成贫瘠的山坡地里的农民。

之后，一个憎恶他们的人类学家访问了他们两年，并写了一本关于他们的书。

研究生英语翻译单元8

Unit Eight安全带可以避免乘客在车祸中受伤或死亡，这几乎是常识。

但是，约翰．亚当斯最近所做的研究得出了更加复杂的统计数据。

当司机系着安全带时，他们开车无所顾忌，更多车祸因此而发生。

座椅安全带的隐患大卫·布杰克里1座椅安全带固然能降低我们在车祸中死亡的危险，但从统计数据看，情况并不是那么绝对。

事实上，据一位研究者说，安全带可能会使人们在驾车时更加肆无忌惮。

2对于这个有危险的世界，如果有一件事我们还算了解，那就是座椅安全带可以救命。

当然，它确实可以救命。

但实际情况通常要更混乱、更复杂。

伦敦大学学院的风险专家、地理学荣誉教授约翰·亚当斯早就质疑安全带能保证驾车安全的信条。

亚当斯最早开始查看统计数字是早在25年前的事了。

他的发现与人们的普遍看法恰恰相反——在18个强制使用安全带的国家，要么交通事故死亡率根本没有变化，要么实际上反而导致了死亡率的净增长。

3怎么会这样?亚当斯用风险补偿的概念来解释这些数据资料，这个概念就是：人们往往会根据他们意识到的风险程度的改变来相应地调整自己的行为。

亚当斯解释说，假设一位司机驾车途中要过一个窄弯道，这名司机是个男青年，那么他会受到自己对以下两方面认知的影响：驾车的风险和驾车的回报。

他所考虑的东西可能包括：能够准时上班或准时赶赴朋友的饭局、让同伴对他的驾车技术留下深刻印象、使自己作为熟练驾车手的形象更加巩固。

他还可能考虑到自身的安全问题、长命百岁的愿望、对车上年幼乘客的责任感、撞毁自己的漂亮新车或驾驶证被没收的代价。

这些可能的担心也不是孤立存在的。

他还要考虑到天气和路况、交通拥挤的程度和所驾车子的性能。

但亚当斯说，关键的是这个司机还将根据他对风险变化的判断来调整自己的行为。

如果他系上了安全带，而他的车子带有前、侧气囊和防滑刹车系统，他驾起车来可能会更大胆。

4亚当斯强调说，问题就在于自我感觉安全的司机们实际上对其他司机、骑自行车者、行人和自己车上的乘客来说是更大的危险(平均80％的司机系安全带，而同车后座的乘客只有68％系安全带)。

河海大学研究生英语教程课文翻译考试范围内课文翻译

本篇包含所有期末考试考试范围单元！！！Unit 1Ghosts for Tea“十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道。

“多么晴朗美丽的上午。

请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。

”要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色的确壮丽。

峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。

海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。

山崖下面，一群海鸥互相叫唤着，在海面上盘旋飞翔。

离岸一英里处，在海浪贪婪地吮舔着的岩岸上，那座古老的灯塔耸立在一座石头平台上。

说实话，我毫不吝惜那几个钱。

当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时，站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。

“您听过在那座灯塔里发生的一起骇人听闻的惨案吗?”他压低了嗓声对我说。

“我想这个地方看起来非常富有戏剧性，有关它的传说一定不少，”我说。

“这可不是传说，”那老头郑重其事地说。

“我父亲结识那起惨案的两个当事人。

一切都发生在50年前的今天。

让我说给您听听吧。

”他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。

“整整一个礼拜，风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。

“咆啸的大海波涛汹涌，海浪拍打着岩石，轰然作响。

岸上的人们十分紧张在那儿工作的两个人。

他们俩是数年的好友，但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。

马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对欺侮别人格的不实之辞进行报复。

多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝，他们才互相道了歉，并以乎不久地结束了他们之间的不快。

但是各自心里尚有些怨恨。

因此，人们紧张长时间与世隔绝所导致的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使他们俩神通过敏，尽管两人的朋友们不消说还主线没意识到后果会有多么严重。

”“离今50年前的那个晚上，灯塔上没有出现灯光，直到凌晨两点钟左右才有一束灯光忽然发出警告信号。

“第二天早上，灯光仍然可见。

风暴已经平息了，人们派出一条救生船前往查看情况。

等待人们的却是一个不忍目睹的场面——马丁和布莱克的起居室一片骇人景象，桌子翻倒在地，一副牌散得到处都是，地板上溅满了血迹。

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