语言与文化

作为文化一部分的语言和作为文化传播媒介的语言所具有的双重性，确定了语言与文化的不可分割性。The duality that language is not only part of the culture but also part of cultural media determines the indivisibility of language and culture.

其次，语言是文化的载体。语言是一种传播媒介或者交际工具，作为约定俗成的符号系统，语言是文化的载体，能够承载各种信息；语言作为一种文化现象，本身就有着非常丰富的文化内涵。词汇是语言的基本要素，也是语言系统赖以存在的支柱，因此文化差异在词汇层次体现得最为突出、最为广泛。同一个词语在不同的文化中会产生不同的联想意义(Associative Meaning)，如“红色(red)”在中国文化中表示喜庆、欢快、热闹；而在英语国家则是表示愤怒、气愤的意思。“龙(dragon)”在中国文化中是一种能兴云降雨的神兽或神异

动物，是封建时代帝王的象征，也是我们中华民族的象征；但是，在英语国家中，“龙”却被看做是能喷火的可怕的怪物，代表邪恶的力量或势力。

Secondly, language is the carrier of culture. Language is a kind of medium or a communication tool, as a conventional symbol system, language is capable of carrying all kinds of information; as a cultural phenomenon, language itself has very rich cultural connotations. V ocabulary is the basic element of language, but

also the backbone upon which the language system can exist, therefore the cultural differences in vocabulary level is the most prominent and the most widely. The same words in different cultures can produce different associative meanings, such as “red” in Chinese culture represents festive,cheerful,lively and good luck; while in the English-speaking countries it means angry and violence. “Dragon” in Chinese culture is a miraculous animal, it is a symbol of the emperor in the feudal era, but also a symbol of our nation; However, in the English-speaking countries, “dragon” is regarded as the horrible monster which is capable of spraying fire a nd represents evil power or forces.

文化差异在习语(Idiom)中体现得更为突出。习语的形成与语言所属的民族文化是紧密相连的。每个民族都有其自身的民族文化，这就是各民族在生产劳动、生活过程中形成的独特的风格与传统，其中包含着历史、语言、风俗、生活方式、思维方式和婚姻习俗等。习语是经过人们长期使用、千锤百炼而成的语言形式，它在很大程度上依赖于特定的社会文化背景，因此习语比词汇更富于文化内涵。习语产生与文化，反过来，习语又反映文化的各个方面。英国人早期的生活很大程度上依赖于海洋，所以创造了所谓的“海洋文化”，英语中有不少习语源于海上的生活。Cultural differences reflected in the idiom is more prominent.The formation of idioms is closely linked with the national culture

language belongs to. Every nation has its own culture,that is the unique style and tradition all ethnic groups formed in the process of producing labor and living, including history, language, customs, lifestyles, ways of thinking and marriage customs. Idioms are language forms used by people for a long time, and it largely depends on the particular social and cultural background, therefore idioms are more rich in cultural connotation than vocabulary. Idioms generate from culture, in turn, idioms reflect all aspects of culture. The early life of British is largely dependent on the ocean, so it creates a so-called "marine culture", there are many English idioms deriving from the sea life.

再次，语言与文化相互作用。语言与文化的相互作用体现为语言承载文化，文化制约语言。我们可以从两个方面认识和理解语言与文化之间的互动关系。一方面，思维方式是一种文化现象。语言是思维最有效的工具，思维活动需要借助语言来进行，思维的结果也要用语言来表达,思维和语言存在密切的关系。不同民族所生活的自然环境和社会环境有所不同，各民族的思维方式就有各自的特点，思维方式存在的差异肯定会对语言产生极大的影响，具体表现在句子结构、语篇结构、表达方式、逻辑顺序等方面。语言与思维相互影响，相互制约。

Finally, f rom a dynamic view, language and culture interact with each other. The