高三定语从句复习和习题

The attributive clause

(定语从句)

在讲定语从句之前，我们必须知道以下两个概念：1.复合句2.定语

复合句：一个主句和一个以上从句构成的有主从关系的句子结构，从句要充当主句的某个句子成分(Main clause =1+subordinate clause≥1).

Whatever parents did will have a certain influence on their children.

Child as he is, he is braver than an adult.

I have no idea who is the best candidate.

定语: 描述,修饰,或限定中心词的句子成分,定语的作用就是让读者对所描述,所修饰的,或所限定的主体有更清楚认识.

A table

A small table

A small round table

A small round old table

A small round old French table

定语绝大多数由形容词充当，当然名词，非谓语动词，介词短语也可以充当定语Summer vacation, a stone bridge, club members, developing counties, winter in Chengdu

我之所以讲这两定义是因为他们与定语从句的理解息息相关，其一，定语从句属于复合句，其二，起限定作用，功能相当于一个形容词,只是放在了所修饰词之后。

He is a clever boy.

He is a boy who is clever.

He is the boy that/who was adopted by the kind old woman

定语从句中我们一定要清楚以下两个概念

1.先行词（antecedent）: 被定语从句所修饰或限定的那个词。

2.关系词，在定语从句中代替先行词的那个词。

A plane is a machine that can fly.

This is the villa that he built for his wife.

学习定语从句务必要牢记它是复合句，先行词属于主句，而关系词属于从句，先找关系词，再找先行词。

定语从句在高考的考点集中在关系词上面，关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词

1.关系代词:

高考常以下6个关系代词that, which, who whom, whose, as, 至于but, than 这两关系代

词高考不考。我在这里也不做讲解。

That引导定语从句时，可以指代人或物，在从句中充当，主语，宾语，或表语。

A: Could you introduce the girl that is good-looking to me?

B: You mean the girl that Joe is dancing with?

A:Yeah, she is really a knockout girl.

A: Have you heard that the company (that) Bob worked in went bankrupt?

B: It is really bad news! It is not easy to find a good job that can support a family.

A: Recently, I have paid a visit to Shanghai. It has changed a lot. It is no longer the city that it used to be.

B: I wish I could go there in the future.

Which引导定语从句只能指代物在从句中充当宾语，或主语。

A: Don’t you think the tree which grows against the wall is ugly?

B: I will cut down immediately.

A: Where did you put the tickets (which) I gave you yesterday?

B:Oh, my Gold! I lost them!

Who 指人，作主语

Please take the note to the man who is reading.

He who laughs last laughs best.

Whom指人，宾语

Does he look like the criminal (whom) the police are searching for?

She is not the girl (whom) I want to marry.

People are always willing to have a conversation with those with whom they have something in common.

Whose引导定语从句时指人或物，在从句中充当定语，后需接名词

We should care the people whose relatives and possession were lost in the violent earthquake.

A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.

The houses whose roofs were damaged in the fire need repairing.

As引导限制性定语从句时，先行词前必须出现such,或the same!