英语功能意念表述用语

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初中英语功能意念项目表

初中英语功能意念项目表————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2初中英语功能意念项目表功能问候提示回答Hi!Hello!Good morning/ afternoon / evening. How are you?Please say Hello to your parents. Please give my best love /wishes to Lucy.Hi!Hello!Good morning/ afternoon / evening.I’m OK. / fine, thanks. And you?/ very well, thank you.Sure. / all right功能介绍提示回答My name is Jim.I’m a student.I’m from England.This is Mr. / Mrs. /Miss/ Ms Brown. I’d like you to meet Bob.Hello.How do you do?Nice / glad / pleased to meet( see ) you.功能告别提示回答Good bye./ bye / Bye-bye.Good night.See you later/ then / tomorrow/ soon.I am sorry I have to go now.Good bye./ bye / Bye-bye.Good night.See you later/ then / tomorrow/ soon.功能感谢提示回答Thank you (very much). Thanks a lot.Thank you for your help. It’s very kind /nice of youThat’s OK /all right. You’re welcome. It’s a pleasure.3功能道歉提示回答Sorry.I’m sorry.Excuse me, please.I beg your pardon.I’m sorry (that ) I am late.That’s OK.It’s all right. Never mind.It doesn’t matter. It’s nothing.功能邀请提示回答Would you like to go for a walk?May I invite you to dinner?What / how about having a swimming?1.OK.Thank you.Yes, I’d love to.That would be nice.2.no, thank you.It’s very nice of you, but my mom is ill. I’d love to, but I have no time.I’m sorry I can’t .功能请示允许提示回答May I come in?Can / Could I use your telephone? Would /do you mind if I open the window?1.Yes, please.Sure.Certainly.That’s all right.Of course, you can.2.I’m sorry , it’s not allowed. I’m afraid not.You’d better not.功能祝愿和祝贺提示回答Have a good day/ time /journey/ trip. Good luck.Thank you. You, too.4Enjoy yourself.Best wish to you.Happy New Year.Merry christmas.Congratulations.Well done.The same to you.功能提供帮助提示回答Do you want me to clean the room? Can I help you?What can I do for you?Let me take your bag.1.yes, please.Yes, thanks.Thank you. That would be nice/ fine.Than you for your help2.No, thank you/ thanks.Thank you all the same.That’s very kind of you. But I can do it myself.功能约会提示回答Will you be free tomorrow?Do you have time this afternoon? How about tomorrow morning? When / where shall we meet? Could we meet at 4:30?Let’s make it 4；30.1.Yes, I’ll be free then.All right. See you then.2.I’m afraid I have no time then.Sorry , I won’t be free then, but I’ll be free tomorrow.功能打电话提示回答Hello. May I speak to Tom? Hello. I’d like to speak to Mr. Green.Is that kTom speaking?1234567,please.Can I leave a message?I’ll call back later /again.Hello. This is Tom speaking.Hello. Who is this?Hold the line, please.Just a moment, please.Hello. Who’s speaking?Sorry , he/ she isn’t here ri ght now.5I’ll ring him / her up again.Can I take a message?I’m afraid you have the wrong number.功能就餐提示回答Would you like something to eat/ drink?What would you like( to have)?Would you like some more rice?1. yes, I’d like a drink. I’d like rice and chicken.Just a little.Can I have some more soup? It’s so delicious, thank you.2.No, thank you.I’m full, thank you.功能就医提示回答What’s the matter?Do you have a fever?It’s nothing serious.Take the medicine three times a day. You’ll be all right/ well soon.I have a headache /cough /fever.I feel terrible /bad /awful.I don’t feel well.I can’t sleep well.功能购物提示回答Can / may I help you?What can I do for you?How many/ much would you like? What color /size/ kind would you like?What about about this one?I want / I’d like a pair of shoes. How much is it / are they?May I try it on? It’s too big / small.Sorry , it’s to expensive.Do you have any other colors /sizes /kinds? Two and a half kilos /pounds, please. That’s fine. I’ll take it.6功能问路提示回答Excuse me. Where’s the washroom?Can you tell me how to get to the post office? Excuse me. Which bus goes to world park? Excuse me. Which is the way to the bank of china? Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the station, please?How can I get to No.4 middle school?It’s over there.It’s about 400 meters from here. Go down this street until you see thetall red building.Turn right /left at the first/ secondcrossing / corner.You can’t miss it.You can take bus No.3.You’d better take a taxi.2. Sorry, I don’t know, I;m new here.功能谈论天气提示回答What’s the weather like today?How’s the weather in Beijing?What a cold / hot day today! It’s a nice / fine /beautiful day today.It’s sunny/ cloudy/ windy/ rainy/ snowy/foggy.It’s getting cold / hot /warm/ cool.功能时间提示回答What’s the time, please?What time is it?When did you come to China? What time do you get up every day?It’s half past five./ twenty to nine.I came to China in 1998.I get up at 6 o’clock.功能时段提示回答How long have you been in this school? How long does it take you to get to school?When did you live in Beijing?How long have you been ill?I have been in this school for 3 years.It takes me 20 minutes by bike.I lived in Beijing from1996 to 1999.I have been ill since last Monday.7功能频率提示回答How often do you go to movies?I go to the movie once a week.I often go to movies.功能位置提示回答Where is the picture?It’s on /at /above /in /under /beside /near/behindthe table.He sits at the back of the room. The lab is in the center of the school.功能方向提示回答Which is the way to the station? Where is the train / bus going?Where are you going?Go down this street, and turn left /right at thefirst turning /crossing.The train is going to Xi’an.I’m going to the railway station.I’m leaving for Shanghai.功能距离提示回答How for is your school from here?It’s about 40 minutes by bike. It’s about 6 kilometers /miles away.功能存在提示回答Is there a bird in the tree? Are there any apples on the tree?What’s in the tree?Yes, there is /are .There’s a bird in the tree. There are many /a lot of birds in the tree.功能形状8提示回答What does it look like?It looks like a cat. It’s long /tall /short.功能颜色提示回答What color is the bag?It’s green / red /blue.功能形状提示回答What’s the table made of? What’s the wine made from?It’s made of wood. It’s made from grapes.功能价格提示回答How much is the dicionary?How much is it?How much are they?Is it cheap / expensive?It’s $25.They are $25.It costs me $25. It’s cheap/ expensive.功能规格提示回答What size is your sweater? What size shoes do you wear?The size of my sweater is XXL.It’s too big / small for me.功能形状提示回答How old are you? How old is he /she?I’m 18.He /she is 6 years old.功能长度提示回答9How long is the bridge?It’s about 400 meters /feet long.功能宽度提示回答How wide is the river?It’s about 200 meters wide.功能高度提示回答How tall /high is the building?It’s 130 meters tall/ high功能数量提示回答How many students are there in your class? How much water do you drink every day?There are 40 in our class.I drink 5 glasses of water every day.功能工作提示回答What do you do?What’s your job? What are you going to be?I’m a teacher /doctor/ worker/farmer. I’m going to be a scientist/ an engineer.功能原因提示回答Why are you late for school?Because I got up late this morning.功能工作单位提示回答Where do you work?I’m teaching in a high school.10。

高考英语功能意念项目表

高考英语功能意念项目表一It’s my pleasure.“这是我的荣幸/不客气。

”用于别人对你表示感谢时的回答。

（=My pleasure.）With pleasure.“我很乐意（帮你）。

”表示同意对方的请求，并且自己将付出行动。

Help yourself.“自便！/自己来吧。

”表示同意对方的请求，但让对方行动。

二Yes, please!“请！”。

表示允许对方做请求之事。

Go ahead.“请。

”表示同意并鼓励对方去做请求之事。

Go on.“继续（做正在进行或谈论的事）。

”三Come on!“来吧！”。

鼓励对方参与某事。

Hurry up!“赶紧，快点！”。

催促对方快点行动。

Good luck!“祝你好运！”，是当双方参加某项活动，如考试、比赛等时，向对方表示的祝福语。

四Congratulations!“祝贺你（们）！”当对方做某事取得了成功或结婚、生子、晋升等时候的用语。

Have fun!“玩得开心点！”。

表示允许对方去吃喝玩乐。

Best wishes!一般用于信的结尾处，表示对对方的祝愿。

（注：当对方外出旅游时常说Good/Nice trip t o you!“祝你旅途愉快！”）五Guess what?“猜猜看？”What else?“还有别的吗？”What’s going on?“怎么了？/这里发生什么事了？/有什么节目？/上演什么电影？”（询问情况）。

六What’s for?表目的和用途，一般翻译成“为了什么？/用来做什么？/干嘛？”（注：why? 询问原因，一般都要用because 来回答。

）What’s up?“怎么了？/有什么事吗？”What’s up? 口语中使用广泛，如有人叫住你或登门访问，而你不明白对方的来意时就可以说“What’s up?”（有什么事？/有何贵干？）年轻人也常说“What’s up?”来打招呼。

比如John 碰到一个朋友Tom说“Hey, John!”John 则回答“Hi, Tom! “What’s up?”表示“你最近怎么样啊？/有什么事吗？”What if …?=What will or would happen if …？“如果（假如）……将会怎么样？”七So what?“那又怎么样呢？”表示出无所谓的样子。

功能意念表

1.社会交往（Social Communications）（1）问候（Greetings）Hi /Hello!Good morning / afternoon / evening.How are you? / How are you doing? Fine, thanks, and you?Very well, thank you.（2）介绍（Introduction）My name is...I′m a student.I′m from England.This is Mr. / Mrs. / Miss / Ms. Brown.I′d like you to meet ...Nice / Glad / Pleased to meet （see）you. （3）告别（Farewells）Good-bye / Bye / Bye-bye.Good night.See you later / then / tomorrow / soon.I′m sorry I have to go now.（4）感谢（Thanks）Thank you （very much）.Thanks a lot.Thank you for your help.It′s very kind / nice of you, but I can…You′re welcome.That′s OK / all right.I really appreciate your help!（5）道歉（Apologizes）I′m sorry.That′s OK.Never mind.（6）邀请（Invitation）Would you like to go for a walk?What / How about swimming? Yes, I′d love to.I′d love to, but I′m afraid …（7）请求允许（Asking for permission）May I come in ?Can / Could I use your telephone?Would / Do you mind if I open the window?Yes, please.Sure / Certainly / Of course.I′m afraid not.You′d better not.（8）祝愿和祝贺（Expressing wishes and congratulations）Have a good day / time / journey / trip!Good luck!Enjoy yourself!Happy New Year!Happy birthday to you!Congratulations!（9）提供帮助（Offering help）May / Can I help you ?Would you like me to help you?No, thanks.（10）约会（Making appointments）Will you be free tomorrow?Do you have time this afternoon?When / Where shall we meet ?Let′s make it 4:30.That would be fine!（11）打电话（Making telephone calls）Hello! May I speak to …?Is that … speaking?Who is speaking?Hello!This is …speaking.Just a moment / second, please.Sorry,I can′t hear you.（12）就餐（Having meals）Would you like something to eat / drink?Help yourself to some fish.What kind of juice would you like?（13）就医（Seeing the doctor）What′s the matter with you?Do you have a fever?How long have you been like this?Take this medicine three times a day.I have a headache / cough / fever.（14）购物（Shopping）What can I do for you ?What colour / size / kind would you like?That′s fine. I′ll take it.（15）问路（Asking the way）Excuse me. Where is…?Could you tell me the way to…,please?Which is the way to…?It′s about 400 meters from here.Turn right / left at the first / second crossing.You can′t miss it.Sorry, I don′t know. I′m a stranger here.（16）谈论天气（Talking about the weather）What′s the weather like today?How is the weather in …?It′s sunny / cloudy / windy / rainy / snowy / foggy. （17）语言交际困难（Language difficulties in communication）Pardon?I beg your pardon.Could you speak more slowly, please?I don′t know the word in English.（18）提醒注意（Reminding and warning）Don′t forget to ...Remember to ...Look out!Be careful!No smoking / spitting!（19）劝告（Advice）You′d better go to see the doctor.You should listen to and read English every day. You should wash your hands first.（20）建议（Suggestions）Let′s go and have a look.Why don′t you play with me?Why not go there yourself?What / How about having lunch with me?2.态度（Attitudes）（21）同意和不同意（Agreement and disagreement）All right.No problem.That′s a good idea.Yes, I think so.I don′t think so.（22）喜欢和不喜欢（Likes and dislikes）He′s interested in table tennis.I like / love / enjoy swimming, too.I′m fond of music.She doesn′t like it at all.（23）肯定和不肯定（Certainty and uncertainty）I′m sure.You′re sure of that.She′s sure that she′ll join us.I′m not sure whether / if she can come.Maybe / Perhaps you′re right.It′s hard to say.（24）可能和不可能（Possibility and impossibility）He can / may come today.She may not come so early.You can′t be in the office now.（25）能够和不能够（Ability and inability）He can / can′t ride a bike.He is / isn′t able to pass the exam.He is / isn′t good at football.（26）偏爱和爱好（Preference and hobbies）I prefer the old way.Which do you prefer , tea or coffee?I like English better / best.My favorite subject is physics.（27）意愿和打算（Intentions and plans）I′ll go with you.I′m going to visit my uncle this afternoon.He plans to go hiking.I want/would like to make a telephone call to her after class.（28）希望和愿望（Hope and wish）I wish / hope to become a doctor.（29）表扬和鼓励（Praise and encouragement）Very good! / Wonderful! / Excellent!Well done!Good job!3.情感（Emotions）（30）高兴（Happiness and pleasure）I′m pleased to know / hear that.（31）惊奇（Surprise）Really?I′m surprised to hear that.（32）忧虑（Worries）What′s wrong?What′s the matter? I′m worried about water pollution.（33）安慰（Reassurance）Don′t worry, you will be fine!Don′t be afraid.（34）满意（Satisfaction）Good / Perfect!（35）遗憾（Regret）I′m so sorry!I′m sorry to hear that.What a pity!That′s too bad!（36）恐惧（Fear）I′m afraid of that dog.4.时间（Time）（37）时刻（Point of time）What′s the time?What time is it?What time do you get up every day?When did you come to China?（38）时段（Duration）How long have you been in this school?It takes me twenty minutes by bike.I′ve been ill since last month / I came back . （39）频度（Frequency）How often do you go shopping?Once a week.Always / Usually / Often / Sometimes / Seldom / Never.5．空间（Space）（40）位置（Position）Where is the picture?It′s on / above / in / at / under / beside / near / behind the table.（41）距离（Distance）How far is your school from here?It′s about 40 minutes by bike.It′s about 6 kilometers / miles away （from here）. 6．存在（Existence）（42）存在和不存在（Existence and non-existence）Look!There is / isn′t a bird in the tree.There are / aren′t many birds in the tree.7．特征（Features）（43）形状（Shape）What does it look like?It′s round / long / tall / short.（44）颜色（Colour）What colour is the bag?It′s red / yellow / orange / blue / green / black / brown / purple / white.（45）材料（Material）What is the table made of?What is the paper made from?The table is made of wood.The paper is made from wood.（46）价格（Price）How much is the dictionary?How much are they?The book costs me 100 yuan.It′s expensive / cheap.（47）年龄（Age）How old are you?I′m 16 （years old）.8．计量（Measurement）（48）长度（Length）How long is the bridge?It′s 430 meters / feet long.（49）宽度（Width）How wide is the river? It′s about 200 meters wide.（50）数量（Number）How many students are there in your class?How much water do you drink every day？9. 比较（Comparison）（51）同级比较（Equal comparison）My ruler is as long as yours.I can′t run as / so fast as you.（52）差别比较（Comparative and superlative）Lily is younger than Kate.Tom is the tallest in his class / of all the boys.（53）相似和差别（Similarity and difference）Tom looks like his father.There are five differences between the two pictures.10. 逻辑关系（Logical relations）（54）原因和结果（Cause and effect）Why are you late for school?Why do you need three recycling bins?Because I got up late this morning.Because we recycle many things.11. 职业（Occupation）（55）工作（Job）What do you do ? / What does she/he do?What′s your job?I′m a teacher / doctor / worker / farmer / businessman / manager。

功能意念Unit 28 Explanation 解释

功能意念Unit 28 Explanation 解释1.Explantion2.Other Useful ExpressionsConversation Practice 查看中文翻译(1) Because the classroom is not openA: Why are you waiting outside the classroom?B: Because it is not open and nobody here got the key. A: Is there anybody doing anything about it?B: Yes, John's trying to call the doorkeeper.(2) The phone rang while I was in the toilet.A: Where were you just now? I tried to ring you.B: I was in all the time. The phone rang while I was in the toilet, but I couldn't answer it, I'm sorry.A: That's all right. I wanted to invite you for a film together.(3) I'm afraid not. I'll be travelling back from Suzhou. A: Will you be able to come to my birthday party on Sunday night?B: I'm afraid not. I'll be travelling back from Suzhou. ButI send my best wishes to you now.(4) Let me explain.A: Why do we import so many staples from that country at one time?B: Let me explain. You see, the prices here are rising all the time, but the company in that country has given us very reasonable prices.(5) What I meant to say was....A: Have I made myself clear?B: Yes, except one point. You've just mentioned that a few major changes may be necessary to the project. Do you mean that our process is not practicable?A: No, I'm sorry. I'm afraid I didn't make that point clear. What I meant to say was that we should try to think out how to economize on time and effort, perhaps cut out or combine some of the steps.B: I see. (1)因为教室没开门A：你们为什么在教室外面等着?B：因为门没开，我们没人有钥匙。

七年级英语单元功能意念

一级分类二级分类介绍(Introduction)My name'sGina.序号功能语句分类Hi! Hello!1社会交往(social communications)句子内容问候(Greetings)6存在(Existence)7特征(Features)计量(Measurement)82态度(Attitudes)空间(Space)5情感(Emotions)34时间(Time)(Measurement)比较(Comparison)逻辑关系(Logicalrelations)109属性说明句子的用法(必填)句子翻译句子对应音频文件语调标注问句/答句/一般陈述(可多选)相对应的问句或答句(与前一项关联，前项为问句或答句，才有此项内容)相同表意功能下近义句型的辨析(选填)典型应用场景通常在什么场景下应用？(必填)说话人通常这句话由谁说出来，如营业员、顾客、介绍人、被介绍人等典型应用场景通常在什么场景下应用？(必填)说话人通常这句话由谁说出来，如营业员、顾客、介绍人、被介绍人等2、5、8级(必填)听力或书面训练题(至少1题，必填，包括题目、答案和解析，听力包括听力录音)此句具有的其他功能链接(选填)句子的用法(必填)句子翻译句子对应音频文件语调标注问句/答句/一般陈述(可多选)相对应的问句或答句(与前一项关联，前项为问句或答句，才有此项内容)相同表意功能下近义句型的辨析(选填)典型应用场景通常在什么场景下应用？(必填)说话人通常这句话由谁说出来，如营业员、顾客、介绍人、被介绍人等典型应用场景通常在什么场景下应用？(必填)说话人通常这句话由谁说出来，如营业员、顾客、介绍人、被介绍人等场景应用1课标级别其他表意功能训练场景应用2语调分析会话范例句子类型属性项表意功能译文读音在某一场景下应用的对话(与上面场景对应，至少1段，必填，内容包括对话文字内容、译文、朗读的音频)对应语句近似句型会话范例在某一场景下应用的对话(与上面场景对应，至少1段，必填，内容包括对话文字内容、译文、朗读的音频)属性表意功能译文在某一场景下应用的对话(与上面场景对应，至少1段，必填，内容包括对话文字内容、译文、朗读的音频)在某一场景下应用的对话(与上面场景对应，至少1段，必填，内容包括对话文字内容、译文、朗读的音频)近似句型场景应用1会话范例场景应用2会话范例读音语调分析句子类型对应语句2、5、8级(必填)听力或书面训练题(至少1题，必填，包括题目、答案和解析，听力包括听力录音)此句具有的其他功能链接(选填)其他表意功能在某一场景下应用的对话(与上面场景对应，至少1段，必填，内容包括对话文字内容、译文、朗读的音频)2会话范例课标级别训练A: Hi, Sarah!嗨，萨拉！（音频）A: Hi ↘, 'Sarah ↗!B: Hi, Mike!嗨，迈克！（音频）B: Hi ↗, 'Mike ↘!A: Hello, I'm Baobao!你好，我叫宝宝！（音频）A: Hello ↗, I'm 'Baobao B: Hi, I'm Feifei!嗨，我叫菲菲！（音频）B: Hi ↗, I'm 'Feifei ↘!填空：A: Hi! Lily!B: _____! Lucy!（音频）Hello 根据录音，答案为Hello 。

功能意念表

（7）插话③ Excuse me. Did you say that the party had to be put off?
3．态度
（1）意愿 I'm willing/ready to take the job. I will buy a new pair of glasses.
（3）确认理解③ Got it? Do you see what I mean?
（4）犹豫③ Let me see. How can I put it?
（5）更正③ What I meant was that we should go on with the work.
（6）补充③ In addition, I think we should take the cost into allo/Hi. Good morning/afternoon/evening, etc.
（2）告辞 I'm afraid I must be going now. I think it's time for us to leave now. I've really got to go now. It's time I went home.
（3）预测 It will be fine tomorrow.
（4）猜测和相信 I guess that he has got it. He must have read it before. We all believe that you are right.
（5）看似、好象③ He seems to be ignorant about it. She appears to be unwilling to go. It looks as if he knew a lot about it.

高中英语功能意念项目表

高中英语功能意念项目表说明：标﹡号的项目为八级要求1. 社会交往(Social Communications)（1）问候(Greetings)A. 1. Hi! 2. Hello! 3. Good morning/afternoon/evening. 4. How are you? 5. How are you doing?6. Please say hello to your parents.7. Please give my love /best wishes to Lucy.B. 1. Hi! 2. Hello! 3. Good morning/afternoon/evening. 4. I'm OK. 5.Fine, thanks,and you?6. Very well, thank you.7. ﹡Just so so.8. Sure.9.All right.（2）介绍(Introduction)A. 1. My name is Jim. 2. I'm a student. 3. I'm from England. 4. This is Mr. /Mrs./Miss/Ms Brown.5. I'd like you to meet Bob.6. ﹡May I introduce Professor Jeff Brown?B. 1. Hello! 2. How do you do? 3. Nice/ Glad/ Pleased to meet (see) you.（3）告别(Farewells )A. 1. Good-bye/ Bye / Bye-bye. 2. Good night. 3. See you later/ then /tomorrow / soon.4. I'm sorry I have to go now.5. ﹡I am afraid I must be leaving now.B. 1. Good-bye / Bye / Bye-bye. 2. See you. 3. Good night. 4. See you later/then/tomorrow/soon. （4）感谢(Thanks )A. 1. Thank you (very much). 2. Thanks a lot. 3. Thank you for your help. 4. It's very kind / nice of you.5. ﹡I appreciate your help.B. 1.It's a pleasure. 2. My pleasure. 3. That's OK/ all right. 4. You're welcome. 5.﹡Don't mention it. （5）道歉(Apologies)A. 1.Sorry. 2. I'm sorry. 3. Excuse me. Please. 4. I beg your pardon.5. I'm sorry for losing your book.6. I'm sorry to interrupt you.7. I'm sorry (that) I'm late.B. 1. That's OK. 2. It's all right. 3. Never mind. 4. It doesn't matter. 5. It's nothing. 6. ﹡Forget it. （6）邀请(Invitation) ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨A. 1.Would you like to go for a walk? 2. You must come to dinner with us. 3.May I invite your to dinner?4. What/ How about having a swim?B. 1. OK. 2. 肯定①Thank you. ②I'd like that,thanks. ③Yes,I'd love to. ④That would be very nice.3. 否定①No, thank you. ②It's very nice of you, but my mother is ill.③I'd love to, but I'm afraid I have no time. ④I'm sorry I can't. What about another time ?（7）请求允许(Asking for permission )A. 1. May I come in? 2. Can/ Could I use your telephone? 3. Is it all right if I sit here ?4. I wonder if I could smoke here.5. Would/ Do you mind if I open the window ?B. 1.肯定①Yes, please. ②Sure. ③Certainly. ④Please do. ⑤That's all right. ⑥Of course, you can.⑦Go ahead, please. 2. 否定①I'm sorry, it's not allowed. ②I'm afraid not. ③You 'd better not.④It's not allowed. ⑤I'm sorry, but you can smoke in the next room.（8）祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)A. 1.Have a good day/time! 2. Have a good journey /trip! 3. Good luck! 4. Enjoy yourself!5. Best wishes to you.6. Happy New Year!7. Merry Christmas !8. Wish you all the success!9. Congratulations ! 10. Well done!B. 1.Thank you. 2. You, too. 3. The same to you.（9）提供帮助(Offering help)A. 1. Do you want me to clean the room? 2. Can I help you? 3. Would you like me to help you?4. What can I do for you?5. Let me take your bags.B. 1. 肯定①Yes, please. ②Yes, thanks. ③ Thank you. That would be nice/ fine.④Thank you for your help. 2. 否定①No, thanks /thank you. ②Thank you all the same.③That's very kind of you, but I can manage it my self.（10）接受或拒绝（acceptance and refusal）（11）约会(Making appointments )A. 1. Will you be free tomorrow ? 2. Do you have time this afternoon? 3. How about tomorrow morning?4. When/ where shall we meet?5. Could we meet at 4:30 ?6. Let's make it 4:30？7. What time is convenient for you ? 8. I'd like to make an appointment with Mr. Jones.B. 1.肯定①Yes, I'll be free then. ②All right. See you then.2. 否定①I'm afraid I have no time then. ②Sorry, I won't be free then. But I'll be free tomorrow. （12）打电话(Making telephone calls )A.1. Hello! May I speak to Tom? 2. Hello! I'd like to speak to Mr. Green. 3. Is that Liu Ying speaking?4. Extension six two two six, please.5. Can I leave a message ?6. I'll call back later /again.7. I'll ring him /her up again.B. 1.Hello! This is Mary speaking. 2. Hello, who is this? 3. Hold the line, please. 4. Just a moment, please.5. Hello, who's speaking?6. Sorry. He/ She isn't here right now.7. Can I take a message?8. Sorry. I can't hear you. 9. The line is bad/ busy. 10. I couldn't get through.11. Sorry, I'm afraid you have the wrong number.（13）就餐(Having meals)A.1. Would you like something to eat /drink? 2. What would you like ( to have)?3. Would you like some more fish?4. Help yourself to some fish.5. Which do you prefer, rice or noodles?6. What would you like to drink, tea or coffee?B. 1. 肯定①Yes, I'd like a drink. ②I'd like rice and chicken. ③ Just a little, please. ④Can I have some more soup? ⑤It's so delicious. Thank you. ⑥ I prefer noodles to rice. ⑦ I like green tea. 2. 否定①No, thank you. I've had enough. ② I'm full, thank you. ③It's very delicious, but I can't eat any more.; （14）就医(Seeing the doctor)A.1. What's the matter？2. What seems to be the trouble? 3. Do you have a fever?4. How long have you felt like this?5. It's nothing serious.6. Take this medicine three times a day.7. You'll be all right /well soon. 8. Give up smoking and keep on taking more exercises.B. 1. I have a headache / cough / fever. 2. I feel terrible / bad / horrible awful. 3. I don't feel well.4.I've got a pain here.5. It hurts here.6. I don't feel like eating.7. I can't sleep well.（15）购物(Shopping)A. 1. Can / May I help you? 2. What can I do for you? 3. How many /much would you like?4. What colour /size/ kind would you like ?5. What about this one?6. Here's your change.B. 1. I want / I'd like a pair of shoes. 2. How much is it / are they? 3. May I try it on ? 4. It's toobig/small. 5. Sorry, it's too expensive. 6. Do you have any other colors / sizes / kinds？7. Two and a half kilos / pounds, please. 8. That's fine. I'll take it. 9. Just have a look. 10. Well, I'll think about it. （16）问路(Asking the way)A.1. Excuse me. Where's the washroom? 2. Can you tell me how to get to the post office? 3. Excuse me. Which bus goes to World Park? 4. Excuse me. Which is the way to the Bank of China? 5. Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the station, please ? 6. How can I get to No. 4 Middle School?B. 1肯定①It's over there. ② It's about 400 metres from here. ③ Go down this street until you see thetall red building. ④ Turn right / left at the first /second crossing/ corner. ⑤ you can't miss it.⑥ You can take bus No. 103. ⑦ You'd better take a taxi. 2.否定Sorry. I don't know. I'm a stranger here. （17）谈论天气(Talking about weather)A. 1.What's the weather like today? 2. How's the weather in Beijing? 3. What a cold / hot day today?4. It's a nice / fine/ beautiful / horrible day today.B. 1. It's sunny / cloudy /windy / rainy / snowy / foggy. 2. It's getting cool / cold / warm / hot.（18）语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)1. Pardon?2. I beg your pardon?3. I don't understand.4. Sorry, I can't follow you.5. ﹡Couldyou say that again, please? 6.﹡Could you repeat that, please? 6. Can you speak more slowly, please?7. ﹡What do you mean by killing time? 8. How do you say... in English? 9. I don't know how tosay that in English? 10. I don't know the world in English? 11. How do you spell it, please?12. I'm sorry I only know a little English.（19）提醒注意(Reminding)1. Don't forget your raincoat.2. Remember to lock the door.3. ﹡Make sure that all the windows are closed.4. Mind your head / step!5. No smoking!6. No spitting!7. Wet floor!8. Look out!9. Be careful! 10. Don't touch! 11.It's dangerous!（20）警告和禁止（Warning and prohibition）（21）劝告(Advice)1. You'd better go to see the doctor.2. You should listen to and read English everyday.3. You need to buya Chinese-English dictionary. 4. I f I were you, I'd phone him now. 5. Don't rush / hurry / push.6. Please stand in line.（22）建议(Suggestions)1. Let's go and have a look.2. Should we go now ?3. What / How about a picnic this Sunday?4. Why don't you buy a computer?5. Why not go to a movie ?2. 态度(Attitudes)（23）同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)A. 1. Sure. 2. Certainly. 3. Exactly. 4. That's correct. 5. Of course. 6. All right. 7. I agree.8.No problem. 9. That's a good idea. 10. Yes, I think so. 11. No way.B. 1. Of course not. 2. I don't agree. 3. I don't think so. 4. I'm afraid not.（24）喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)A. 1. This book is very interesting. 2. I like / love the movie (very much ). 3. I like / love to playcomputer games. 4. I like taking photos. 5. I enjoy listening to music. 6. I'm interested in science.7. He is fond of music.B. 1. This song is bad / awful. 2. I don't like the movie very much / at all. 3. I don't enjoy collecting stamps.4. I hate to do homework.（25）肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)A. 1. I'm sure. 2. I'm sure of that. 3. I 'm (quite) sure (that) she'll join us. 4. ﹡There is no doubt that it'smade of silk. 5.﹡It's clear that it will rain soon.B. 1. I'm not so sure. 2. I'm not sure of that. 3. I'm not sure whether / if she can come.C. 1. Maybe you're right. 2. Perhaps she is at home now. 3. It's hard to say.（26）可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)A. 1. He can / may come today. 2. It may snow tonight. 3. It's possible to finish the homework before6 o'clock. 4. It's likely to rain this afternoon. 5. It's likely that you will lose this game.B. 1. He may not come so early. 2. He can't be in the office now. 3. It's not likely to snow soon.4. It's impossible to finish my homework within one hour.（27）能够和不能够(Ability and inability)A. 1. He can ride a bike. 2. He's able to pass the math exam. 3. He is good at football.B. 1.He can't swim. 2. He's unable to walk any more. 3. She 's not good at swimming.（28）偏爱和优先选择(Preference)1. I prefer tea.2. Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?3.﹡I prefer tea to coffee.4. I'd prefer to go by train.5. I like English better / the best.6. My favourite subject is physics.7. ﹡I'd rather drink coffee than tea.8. ﹡Where would you rather go, London or Tokyo ?（29）意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)A. 1. I'll go with you. 2. I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon. 3. I'd like to make a phone call toher after class. 4. I want / hope to find an English pen-friend. 5. I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.6. We are ready to move to a new house.7. Bill intends to spend his vocation in California.8. I am thinking of driving to Beijing.B. 1. I won't see the movie again. 2. I'm not going to buy the book. 3. I don't want to live in the big city. （30）希望和愿望(Hope and wish)1. I wish to see you again.2. I hope to become a doctor.3. I hope it stays fine.4. I wish I were younger.5. I hope so.6. I hope not.（31）表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)A. 1. Very good! 2. Well done! 3. Wonderful ! 4. Excellent! 5. You speak English very well.6. Your dress is beautiful!7. Come on!8. Keep trying!9. You can do it!B. 1. Thank you. 2. OK. I'll try it again.（32）责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)1. He is to blame.2. She blamed him for coming home late.3. What do you mean by doing so?4. How could you cheat your teacher?5. He shouldn't have done it.6. Why didn't you tell me the truth?7. Why didn't you tell me the truth? 8. I'm sorry to have said that, but this room is too dirty.9. I hate to have to say this, but it's too noisy here. 8. Why don't you do something about it?（33）冷淡(Indifference)1. I don't care.2. I don't care what you do.3. It doesn't matte to me.4. I don't mind if you smoke.5. It's non of my business.（34）判断与评价（judgement and evaluation）A.3. 情感(Emotions)①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨（35）高兴(Happiness)1. How wonderful / nice!2. That's lovely / great / wonderful!3. I'm so happy.4. It's well done.5. I'm pleased to know that.（36）惊奇(Surprise)1. Really?2. Oh dear!3. Is that so?4. What a surprise!5. How nice to see you!6. How surprising!7. I'm surprised.8. It surprises me that your English is so beautiful.9. Does that surprise you? 10. Is this what you expected?（37）忧虑(Worries)1. What's wrong?2. What's the matter?3. Anything wrong?4. What should we do?5. Is something worrying you?6. Are you worried about your health?（38）安慰(Reassurance)1. There, there.2. Don't be afraid.3. Don't worry.4. It's (quite) all right.5. It'll be OK/ all right.（39）满意(Satisfaction)1. Good!2.Well done!3. Perfect!4. That's fine.5. That's better.6. That's good enough.7. I'm pleased with your spoken English.（40）遗憾(Regret)1. I'm so sorry!2. It's a great pity!3. What a shame!4. That's too bad!5. I wish I had never given it up.6. If I had been there, he would not have made such a serious mistake. （41）同情(Sympathy)1. I'm so sorry!2. I'm so sorry about your illness.3. I'm sorry to hear you are going away.4. Please accept my deep sympathy.（42）恐惧(Fear)1. Help!2. How terrible!3. I'm afraid of that dog.4. I'm frightened.5. You scared me!6. I dare not go out at night.（43）愤怒(Anger)1. Damn!2. Isn't it annoying!3. What a stupid idiot!4. 时间(Time)（44）时刻(Point of time)A. 1. Excuse me. What's the time, please? 2. Excuse me. What time is it? 3. Have you got the time?4. When did you come to China?5. What time do you get up every day?B. 1. It's half past five / twenty to nine. 2. I came to China in 1998. 3. I get up at 6 o'clock.（45）时段(Duration)A. 1. How long have you been in this school ? 2. How long does it take you to get to school?3. When did you live in Beijing?4. How long have you been ill?B. 1. I have been in this school for three years. 2. It takes me twenty minutes by bike.3. I lived in Beijing from 1996 to 1999.4. I have been ill since last Monday night.（46）频度(Frequency)A. How often do you go to movies?B. 1. I go to the movie once a week. 2. I often go to movies.（47）时序(Sequence)1. The cat ran here and there, first on this side, then on that side.2. What did you do next?3. Finally we found our way out.4. It rained even harder later on.5. 空间(Space)（48）位置(Position)A. Where is the picture?B. 1. It's on / at / above / in / under/ beside / near / behind the table. 2. He sits at the back of the room.3. The lab is in the center of the school.（49）方向(Direction)A. 1. Which is the way to the station ? 2. Where is the train / bus going? 3. Where are you going?4. Are you going up / down ?B. 1. Go down this street, and turn left / right at the first crossing. 2. The train is going go Xi'an.3. The train is going to the east / west / south / north.4. I'm going tko the railway station.5. I'm leaving for Shanghai.（50）距离(Distance)A. How far is your school from here ?B. 1. It's about 40 minutes by bike. 2. It's about 6 kilometers / miles away.6. 存在(Existence)（51）存在(Existence )A. 1. Is there a bird in the tree ? 2. Are there any apples in the tree ? 3. What's in the tree?B. 1. Yes, there is/ are. 2. There's a bird in the tree. 3. There are many / a lot of birds in the tree.(51') 不存在(non-existence)A. 1. Is there an English book in the schoolbag? 2. Are there any English books in the schoolbag?3. Isn't there any water in the bottle?4. Does water exist on the moon?B. 1. No, there isn't / aren't (any). 2. There isn't an English book in the schoolbag.3. There aren't any English books in the schoolbag.4. No, there's no water in the bottle.5. There's no more paper in the printer.6. No water exists on the moon.7. 特征(Features)（52）形状(Shape)A. 1. What does it look like? 2. What's the shape of the clouds?B. 1. It looks like a camel. 2. It's round / long / tall/ short. 3. It's a circle. 4. It's a U-shaped road. （53）颜色(Colour)A. What colour is the bag?B. 1.It's green / red / blue / yellow / black / white / orange / purple / light brown/ dark blue.2. I like the photo in black and white.（54）材料(Material)A. 1. What's the table made of? 2. What's the red wine made from?B. 1. It's made of wood. 2. It's made from grapes. 3. I bought a woollen sweater yesterday.（55）价格(Price)A. 1. How much is the dictionary? 2. How much is it? 3.How much are they? 4.Is it cheap/expensive?B. 1. The dictionary costs me 100 yuan. 2.The dictionary is expensive / cheap.（56）规格(Size)A. 1.What size is your sweater? 2. What size shoes do you wear?B. 1. The size of my sweater is XXL. 2. It's too big / small / long / short for me.（57）年龄(Age)A. 1. How old are you? 2. How old is he / she?B. 1. I'm eighteen. 2. He / She is six years old. 3. Uncle Wang is an old man.8. 计量(Measurement)（58）长度(Length)A. How long is the bridge?B. It's 430 metres / feet long.（59）宽度(Width)A. How wide is the river ?B. It's about 200 metres wide.（60）高度(Height)A. How tall / high is the building?B. 1. It's 130 metres tall / high. 2. The building has 85 floors / stories.（61）数量(Number)A. 1. How many students are there in your class? 2. How much water do you drink every day?B. 1. There are forty students in our class. 2. I drink five glasses of water every day.9. 比较(Comparison)（62）同级比较(Equal comparison)1. My ruler is as long as yours.2. I can run as fast as you can.3. This book is not as interesting as that one.4. I can't run so fast as you can.（63）差别比较(Comparative and superlative)1.Lily is younger than Kate.2. The red skirt is more expensive than the yellow one.3.I run faster than Jim.4. Mrs. Baker walks more slowly than Mr. Baker.5.Jim is the tallest in his class.6. Tom is the best of all. （64）相似和差别(Similarity and difference)1.This picture is the same as that one on the wall.2. Lucy is like her mother.3. Tom looks like his father.4. My picture is different from yours.5. There are five differences between the two pictures.10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)（65）原因和结果(Cause and effect )A. 1. Why are you late for school? 2.How could you miss the train / plane?B. 1. Because I got up late this morning. 2. As he was ill, he couldn't come to school. 3.Since she did not feel well, she stayed at home. 4. Because of the bad traffic, we missed the train. 5. Due to the heavy fog, the planes were delayed. 6. The reason is that he is not careful enough in his work. 7. He ate too much, so he did not feel well. 8. It is so dark that I can not see anything in the room.（66）目的(Purpose)A. 1. Why are you here today? 2. Why did you do that?B. 1. I came here to see you off. 2. I did that in order to protect the trees.11. 职业(Occupation)（67）工作(Job)A. 1.What do you do? 2. What's your job? 3. What are you going to be?B. 1. I'm a teacher / doctor / worker / farmer/ businessman / manager.2. I'm going to be a scientist / computer engineer.（68）单位(Employer)A. 1. Where do you work? 2. What company are you working for?B. 1. I'm teaching English in a high school. 2. I'm working for a computer company.。

英语语言学语言的七大功能

在语言学中，语言具有多种功能和用途。

以下是英语语言学中通常讨论的七大功能：
表达功能（Expressive Function）：语言用于表达个人的情感、意愿、态度和思想。

通过语言，我们可以分享和表达自己的情绪、观点和感受。

交际功能（Communicative Function）：语言是交流和交际的工具，用于建立人与人之间的联系和互动。

通过语言，我们可以进行对话、交流信息、分享知识和与他人沟通。

信息功能（Informative Function）：语言用于传递信息、知识和事实。

通过语言，我们可以描述和解释事物，提供信息和传达观点。

调节功能（Regulatory Function）：语言用于调节和控制社会行为和互动。

它可以用于命令、请求、建议、警告等，以影响他人的行为和决策。

表演功能（Performative Function）：语言用于执行特定的行为或动作。

例如，宣布婚姻誓言、宣布战争、宣布判决等，这些语言行为本身具有重要的实际影响。

虚构功能（Imaginative Function）：语言用于创造和表达想象力、幻想和虚构的内容。

通过语言，我们可以讲述故事、创造小说、诗歌和戏剧，以及构建虚构的世界和角色。

个体认同功能（Personal Identity Function）：语言用于建立和表达个人或群体的身份认同。

通过语言，我们可以表达自己所属的社会群体、文化背景、价值观和身份认同。

这些功能相互交织，不同的语言使用情境和社会文化背景下，某些功能可能更为突出。

了解语言的不同功能可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用语言，并深入探索语言在社会和个体生活中的重要作用。

【免费下载】高考英语功能意念项目表

1. “不必在意”“算了吧，忘了吧”，用来接受别人做错事的道歉。 2. “算了吧，想都别想。”，用来拒绝对方提出的你认为不合理的请求、建议等。
All right. 用于赞同对方的意见、建议或邀请，译为“好”、“行”、“可以”。也可用于对别人的安慰，表示“没关系”、“不要紧”等意思。十一 That’s all right. 1. 对别人致谢的回答，“不用谢；别客气。”=That’s OK./ Not at all./ You are
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英语功能意念表述用语

功能意念日常用语：1．问候Good morning. 早上好。

Good afternoon. 下午好。

Good evening. 晚上好。

Hello./ Hi.你好。

How are you?你好吗？How are you doing? 你过得好吗？How are you getting on? 你过得好吗？How are things with you? 你近来过得怎么样？How is everything going? 一切都好吗？如：①Hello, Jack. Haven’t seen you for a long time/ages! How’s everything going?你好，杰克。

好久没见你了。

你一切都好吗？②Oh, hello, Mr. Wang. I’m so glad to see you. How’re you doing?喂，你好，王先生。

见到你很高兴。

你还好吗？③Hi, John! Nice to meet you here. How are you getting on?你好，约翰！在这儿见到你真高兴，你一切都好吗？④----Hi, Tom!嗨，汤姆！----Hi, Green.嗨，格林！----How are you doing?你好吗？----Fine, and you?很好，你呢？----Great. What is happening with you these days?也很好。

你最近有什么事情发生吗？-----Nothing much.没什么。

◆第二者向第三者表达问候：Please give my regards to sb.请代我向某人问好。

Please give my best wishes to sb. 请代我向某人问好。

Please give my love to sb. 请代我向某人问好。

Say hello to sb.向某人问好。

Please remember me to sb. 请代我向某人问好。

PETS2听力必背词汇之英语听力功能意念表

(7) 同意和不同意
A: That's a good point.
B: I'm afraid you're not quite right.
(8) 喜欢和不喜欢
A: I like English poems very much.
She loves doing shopping alone.
Please remember me to your family.
B: Congratulations (on your success).
(7) 道歉和应答
A: Sorry.
Excuse me.
B: Never mind.
It doesn't matter.
(5) 感谢和应答
A: Thank you (very much).
(Many) thanks.
I'm really grateful to you for your help.
B: Not at all.
You're welcome.
It looks as if he knew a lபைடு நூலகம்t about it.
5. 情感
(1) 惊奇
What a surprise!
I can hardly believe my ears/eyes.
(2) 满意和高兴
It is well done.
I'm pleased to know that.
(8) 焦虑
I'm so anxious about my job.
She is rather worried about his health.

功能意念项目

功能意念项目1．社会交往（1）问候早上好/中午/晚上。

你好吗（4种表达）？我很好，谢谢，你好吗？非常好，谢谢。

（2）介绍我的名字是……。

我是学生。

我来自英国。

这位是布朗先生/小姐。

我希望你去见……你是做什么的（2种表达）？你的职业是什么？我是教师/医生/农民/生意人/经理。

你在哪工作？我在农场/办公室/医院工作。

你到你非常高兴。

（3）告别再见（3种表达）。

晚安。

一会儿见/明天见。

非常抱歉，我现在得走了。

（4）感谢谢谢（非常感谢）。

非常感谢。

谢谢你的帮助。

你真好，但我能……不客气。

没关系。

非常感谢你的帮助/是我的荣幸。

（5）道歉对不起。

/我道歉。

没关系。

别介意。

别再提了，没关系。

（6）邀请你愿意一起散散步吗？游泳怎么样？是的，我愿意。

我很愿意，但恐怕……（7）请求允许我可以进来吗？我能用下电话吗？你介意我打开窗户吗？不介意，打开吧。

不介意（4种表达）。

恐怕不行。

最好别那么做。

（8）祝愿和祝贺玩得愉快/旅行愉快！祝贺你好运（2种表达）！玩得愉快！新年好！/你也是。

祝你生日快乐！祝贺你！（9）请求与提供帮助有什么能帮助你的吗？我能帮助你吗？/你能帮我一下吗？不，谢谢。

（10）约会明天有空吗？今天下午有空吗？我们什么时候（在哪儿）见面？4：30见面。

好的。

（11）打电话我能找……讲话吗？是……在讲话吗？谁在讲话？你好！我是……。

请等一会儿。

对不起，我听不清楚。

线路不通。

（12）就餐可以点菜了吗？你想吃什么？这是菜单。

你想吃/喝点什么？吃点鱼。

你想要什么样的果汁？味道非常好。

我付帐。

（13）就医你怎么了？你发烧了？你这种症状有多久了？一天吃三次这个药。

我头痛/咳嗽/发烧。

我脖子痛。

腿受伤了。

（14）购物能为你做点什么？我在寻找。

你喜欢什么颜色/尺码？我可以试穿吗？穿在你身上很好看。

你要多大尺码？S码。

好的，我买下了。

（15）问路打扰一下。

这是哪？你能告诉我去……怎么走吗？哪条路是去……？离这里大约400米。

武汉英语中考功能意念项目考点

武汉英语中考功能意念项目考点（较少见）1.社会交往问候：Please say hello to your parents. /Please give my love/best wishes to Lucy.告别：I am sorry I have to go now .道歉：I beg your pardon. ./ I’m sorry to interrupt you.邀请：That would be nice. / I’m sorry I can’t . What about another time?请求允许：I wonder if I could smoke here. ./I’m sorry, it’s not allowed./ Y ou’d better not.祝愿祝贺：Well done!提供帮助：Thank you all the same. / That’s very kind of you , but I can manage it myself.约会：Let’s make it 4:30.打电话：Extension six two two six, please. /Hold the line, please. /Sorry , I can’t hear you. /I can’t get through./ The line is bad(busy).购物：Just have a look. /Well, I’ll think about it.问路：Excuse me , which bus goes to the World Park?语言交际困难：I beg your pardon?/Sorry , I can’t follow you.提醒注意：Mind your head/step./ Wet floor. /Don’t touch.劝告：Y ou’d better/should/need…/Don’t rush.建议：Let’s / What about/ Why don’t you/Why not…?2. 态度：同意和不同意：No way.可能和不可能：It’s not likely to snow soon.意愿和打算：I’ll/I’m going to /I’d like/ I plan to / I want to /I hope to…希望和愿望：I hope so./ I hope not.表扬和鼓励：Keep trying. / Y ou can do it.责备和抱怨：What do you mean by doing so?/ Why don’t you do something about it?冷淡：I don’t care./ It doesn’t matter to me.3. 情感：高兴：It’s well done!安慰：There, there.满意：Well done!遗憾：It’s a great pity./ What a shame./ That is too bad.同情：Please accept my deep sympathy.4. 时间：时序：Finally we found our way out.5. 特征：形状：What’s the shape of the clouds?/ It is a circle/square./ It’s a U-shape road.6. 比较：差别比较：I can’t run so far as you can .7. 逻辑关系：目的：I came here to see you off.。

口语考试内容语言功能和意念

第1单元表达观点1建议1)I'd like to suggest things for children to do after school.我建议孩子们放学后可以做的一些事。

2)Can you give me any suggestion on this matter?关于这件事，你能给我一些建议吗？3)He advised me to have patience.他建议要有耐心。

4)If you take my advice, you won't tell anyone about this.你要是听我劝的话，最好别向任何人透露此事。

5)You should send her a note.你应该给她留一个字条。

6)They need not come.他们不必来。

7)There is no need for you to go.你没有必要去8)If the factory adopted the reform policy, the city’s problems could be greatly reduced.假如这家工厂采取改革政策，这个城市的问题就会大大减少。

9)Iwould like to propose a toast to our friendship.我提议为我们的友谊干杯。

10)She recommended that we avoid asking for trouble.她建议我们不要自找麻烦。

2劝告1)Immediate steps must be taken to reduce the threat of finacial crises.为减少金融危机的威胁，必须立即采取措施。

2)We urge passage of the bill.我们竭力敦促通过该议案。

3)It's imperative that you apologize to him immediately.你必须立即向他道歉。

表示功能的英语单词

表示功能的英语单词
一、“功能；作用” - function [ˈfʌŋkʃn] (n.)
1. 例句：The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body.（心脏的功能是将血液泵送到全身。

）
二、“用途；功能” - use [juːz] (n.)；[juːz] (v.)
1. 作为名词：
- 例句：This tool has many uses.（这个工具有很多用途。

）
2. 作为动词：
- 例句：You can use this pen to write.（你可以用这支笔写字。

）
三、“能力；功能” - ability [əˈbɪləti] (n.)
1. 例句：He has the ability to solve difficult problems.（他有解决难题的能力。

）
四、“效能；功能” - efficiency [ɪˈfɪʃnsi] (n.)
1. 例句：The new machine has high efficiency.（新机器效能很高。

）
五、“功用；机能” - functionment（这个词较少用，[ˈfʌŋkʃənmənt] (n.)）
1. 例句：The functionment of the system needs to be improved.（这个系统的功用需要改进。

）
六、“性能；功能” - performance [pəˈfɔːməns] (n.)
1. 例句：The performance of this car is excellent.（这辆汽车的性能很棒。

）。

30个英语功能意念项目

1.社会交往（Social Communications（1）问候（Greetings）Hi /Hello! Good morning / afternoon / evening.How are you? How are you doing? Fine，thanks，and you? Very well，thank （2）介绍（Introduction）My name is...I′m a student. I′m from England.This is Mr. / M rs. / Miss / Ms. Brown. I′d like you to meet ...Nice / Glad / Pleased to meet （see）you.（3）告别（Farewells）Good-bye / Bye / Bye-bye. Good night /See you later / then / tomorrow / soon.I′m sorry I have to go now（4）感谢（Thanks）Thank you （very much）. Thanks a lot. Thank you for your help.It′s very kind / nice of you，but I can…You′re welcome.That′s OK / all right. I really appreciate your help！（5）道歉（Apologizes）I′m sorry.That′s OK.Never mind.（6）邀请（Invitation）Would you like to go for a walk?What / How about swimmingYes，I′d love to/ I′d love to，but I′m afraid（7）请求允许（Asking for permission）May I come in ? Can / Could I use your telephone?Would / Do you mind if I open the window?Yes，please.Sure / Certainly / Of cour se. I′m afraid not.You′d better not （8）祝愿和祝贺（Expressing wishes and congratulations）Have a good day / time / journey / trip!Good luck! Enjoy yourself! Happy New Year!Happy birthday to you! Congratulations!（9）提供帮助（Offering help）May / Can I help you ? Would you like me to help you?No，thanks（10）约会（Making appointments）Will you be free tomorrow? Do you have time this afternoonWhen / Where shall we meet ? Let′s make it 4:30. That would be fine!11）打电话（Making telephone callsHello! May I sp eak to …?Is that … speaking?Who is speaking? Hello! This is …speaking.Just a moment / second，please. Sorry，I can′t hear you（12）就餐（Having meals）Would you like something to eat / drink?Help yourself to some fish./ What kind of juice would you like（13）就医（Seeing the doctor）What′s wrong / the matter with you? Do you have a fever?I have a headache / cough / fever.How long have you been like this?Take this medicine three times a day.（14）购物（Shopping）Can I help you？What can I do for you ?What colour / size / kind would you like? That′s fine. I′ll take it.（15）问路（Asking the way）Excuse me. Where is…?、Which is the way to…?Could you tell me the way to…，please?It′s about 400 meters from here.Turn right / left at the first / second crossing.You can′t miss it.Sorry，I don′t know.I′m a stranger here.（16）谈论天气（Talking about the weather）What′s the weather like today? How is the weather in …?It′s sunny / cloudy / windy / rainy / snowy / f oggy.（17）语言交际困难（Language difficulties in communication）Pardon? I beg your pardon. I don′t know the word in English.Could you speak more slowly，please?（18）提醒注意（Reminding and warning）Don′t forget to . Remember to ...Look out! Be careful! No smoking / spitting!（19）劝告（Advice）You′d better go to see the doctor.You should listen to and read English every day.（20）建议（Suggestions）Let′s go and have a look. Why don′t you play with me?Why not go there yourself? What / How about having lunch with me?2.态度（Attitudes）（21）同意和不同意（Agreement and disagreement）All right. No problem. That′s a good idea.Yes，I think so. I don′t think so.（22）喜欢和不喜欢（Likes and dislikes）He′s interested in table tennis.I like / love / enjoy swimming，too.I′m fond of music.She doesn′t like it at all（23）肯定和不肯定（Certainty and uncertainty）I′m sure.You′re sure of that I′m not sure whether / if she can come.M aybe / Perhaps you′re right.It′s hard to say.（24）可能和不可能（Possibility and impossibility）He can / may come today. She may not come so early.You can′t be in the office now.（25）能够和不能够（Ability and inability）He ca n / can′t ride a bike.He is / isn′t able to pass the exam.He is / isn′t good at football.（26）偏爱和爱好（Preference and hobbies）I prefer the old way.Which do you prefer ，tea or coffee?I like English better / best.My favorite subject is physics.（27）意愿和打算（Intentions and plans）I′ll go with you.I′m going to visit my uncle this afternoon.He plans to go hiking.I want/would like to make a telephone call to her after class. （28）希望和愿望（Hope and wish）I wish / hope to become a doctor.（29）表扬和鼓励（Praise and encouragement）Very good! / Wonderful! / Excellent!Well done!Good job!3. 情感（Emotions）（30）高兴（Happiness and pleasure）I′m pleased to know / hear that.（31）惊奇（Surprise）Really?I′m surprised to hear that. （32）忧虑（Worries）What′s wrong?What′s the matter?I′m worried about water pollution.（33）安慰（Reassurance）Don′t worry，you will be fine!Don′t be afraid.（34）满意（Satisfaction）Good / Perfect!（35）遗憾（Regret）I′m so sorry!I′m sorry to hear that.What a pity!That′s too bad!（36）恐惧（Fear）I′m afraid of that dog.4.时间（Time）（37）时刻（Point of time）What′s the time?What time is it?What time do you get up every day?When did you come to China?（38）时段（Duration）How long have you been in this school?It takes me twenty minutes by bike.I′ve been ill since last month / I came back.（39）频度（Frequency）How often do you go shopping?Once a week.Always / Usually / Often / Sometimes / Seldom / Never.5．空间（Space）（40）位置（Position）Where is the picture?It′s on / above / in / at / under / beside / near / behind the table. （41）距离（Distance）How far is your school from here?It′s about 40 minutes by bike.It′s about 6 kilometers / miles away （from here）.6．存在（Existence）（42）存在和不存在（Existence and non-existence）Look！There is / isn′t a bird in the tree.There are / aren′t many birds in the tree.7．特征（Features）（43）形状（Shape）What does it look like?It′s round / long / tall / short.（44）颜色（Colour）What colour is the bag?It′s red / yellow / orange / blue / green / black / brown / purple / white.（45）材料（Material）What is the table made of?What is the paper made from？The table is made of wood.The paper is made from wood.（46）价格（Price）How much is the dictionary?How much are they?The book costs me 100 yuan.It′s expensive / cheap.（47）年龄（Age）How old are you?I′m 16 （years old）.8．计量（Measurement）（48）长度（Length）How long is the bridge?It′s 430 meters / feet long.（49）宽度（Width）How wide is the river?It′s about 200 meters wide.（50）数量（Number）How many students are there in your class?How much water do you drink every day？9. 比较（Comparison）（51）同级比较（Equal comparison）My ruler is as long as yours.I can′t run as / so fast as you.（52）差别比较（Comparative and superlative）Lily is younger than Kate.Tom is the tallest in his class / of all the boys. （53）相似和差别（Similarity and difference）Tom looks like his father.There are five differences between the two pictures.10. 逻辑关系（Logical relations）（54）原因和结果（Cause and effect）Why are you late for school?Why do you need three recycling bins?Because I got up late this morning.Because we recycle many things.11. 职业（Occupation）（55）工作（Job）What do you do ? / What does she/he do?What′s your job?I′m a teacher / doctor / worker / farmer / businessm an / manager。

初中英语功能意念项目表

功能
祝愿和祝贺
提示
回答
Have a good day/ time Have a Thank you。
good journey/ trip.
You， too。
Good luck.
The same to you。
Enjoy yourself.
Best wish to you。
Happy New Year。
1
May I invite you to dinner？
That would be nice。
What / how about having a 2.No, thank you.
swimming？
It’s very nice of you, but my
mom is ill。
I'd love to， but I have no
Here is your change
7 。 Two and a half kilos
/pounds， please。
8。That’s fine。 I’ll take it.
功问路
能
提示
回答
Excuse me 。 1.It’s over there。
Where’s the washroom？
Go down this street until you see the tall red building。
time.
I'm sorry I can’t 。
功能
请示允许
提示
回答
May I come in?
1。Yes, please。
Can / Could I use your Sure。/Certainly。

中考英语功能意念项目表

附录三、功能意念项目表(中考对标*号的项目不做要求)注：标*号的项目为八级要求。

其余的为五级要求。

1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1)问候 (Greetings)A. Hi!Hello!Good morning / afternoon / evening.How are you?How are you doing?Please say hello to your parents.Please give my love / best wishes to Lucy.B. Hi!Hello!Good morning / afternoon / evening.I'm OK.Fine, thanks, and you?Very well, thank you.*Just so so.Sure.All right.(2)介绍 (Introduction)A. My name is Jim.I'm a student.I'm from England.This is Mr. / Mrs. / Miss / Ms Brown.I'd like you to meet Bob.* May I introduce Professor Jeff Brown?B. Hello!How do you do?Nice / Glad / Pleased to meet (see) you.(3)告别 (Farewells )A. Good-bye / Bye / Bye-bye.Good night.See you later / then / tomorrow / soon.I am sorry I have to go now.* I am afraid I must be leaving now.B. Good-bye / Bye / Bye-bye.See you.Good night.See you later / then / tomorrow / soon.(4)感谢 (Thanks )A. Thank you (very much).Thanks a lot.Thank you for your help.It's very kind / nice of you.* I appreciate your help.B. It's a pleasure.* My pleasure.That's OK/ all right.You're welcome.* Don' t mention it.(5)道歉(Apologies)A. Sorry. I'm sorry.Excuse me, please.I beg your pardon.I' m sorry for losing your book. I'm sorry to interrupt you.I'm sorry (that) I'm late.B. That's OK.It's all right.Never mind.It doesn't matter.It's nothing.* Forget it.(6)邀请(Invitation)A. Would you like to go for a walk?You must come to dinner with us.May I invite you to dinner?What / How about having a swim?B. OK.①Thank you.I'd like that, thanks.Yes, I'd love to.That would be very nice.②No, thank you.It's very nice of you, but my mother is ill.I'd love to, but I'm afraid I have no time.I'm sorry I can't. What about another time?(7)请求允许 (Asking for permission )A. May I come in?Can / Could I use your telephone?* Is it all right if I sit here?* I wonder if I could smoke here.Would / Do you mind if I open the window?B. ①Yes, please. Sure. Certainly.* Please do. That's all right. Of course, you can. * Go ahead, please.②I'm sorry, it's not allowed.I'm afraid not. You'd better not.* It' s not allowed.* I'm sorry, but you can smoke in the next room.(8)祝贺与祝愿 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)A. Have a good day / time!Have a good journey / trip!Good luck!Enjoy yourself!Best wishes to you.Happy New Year!Merry Christmas!Happy birthday!*Wish you all the success!Congratulations!Well done! B. Thank you.You, too.The same to you.(9)提供帮助 (Offering help)A. Do you want me to clean the room?Can I help you?Would you like me to help you?What can I do for you?Let me take your bags.B. ①Yes, please. Yes, thanks.Thank you.That would be nice / fine.Thank you for your (the) help.②No, thanks / thank you.Thank you all the same.That's very kind of you, but I can manage it myself.(10)约会(Making appointments )A. Will you be free tomorrow?Do you have time this afternoon?How about tomorrow morning?When / Where shall we meet?Could we meet at 4:30?Let's make it 4:30.* What time is convenient for you?*I'd like to make an appointment with Mr. Jones.B. ① Yes, I'll be free then.All right. See you then.②I'm afraid I have no time then.Sorry, I won't be free then. But I'll be free tomorrow.(11) 打电话 (Making telephone calls )A. Hello! May I speak to Tom?Hello! I'd like to speak to Mr. Green.Is that Liu Ying speaking?Extension six two two six, please.Can I leave a message?I'll call back later / again.I'll ring him / her up again.B. Hello! This is Mary speaking.Hello, who is this?Hold the line, please.Just a moment, please.Hello, who's speaking?Sorry. He / She isn't here right now.Can I take a message?Sorry. I can't hear you.The line is bad / busy.I couldn't get through.Sorry, I'm afraid you have the wrong number.(12) 就餐 (Having meals)A. Would you like something to eat / drink? What would you like (to have)?Would you like some more fish?Help yourself to some fish.* Which do you prefer, rice or noodles?* What would you like to drink, tea or coffee?B.①Yes, I'd like a drink.I'd like rice and chicken.Just a little, please.Can I have some more soup?It's so delicious. Thank you.* I prefer noodles to rice. I like green tea.②No, thank you. I've had enough.I'm full, thank you.It's very delicious, but I can't eat any more.(13)就医 (Seeing the doctor)A. What's the matter?What seems to be the trouble?Do you have a fever?How long have you felt like this?It's nothing serious.Take this medicine three times a day.You'll be all right / well soon.* Give up smoking and keep on taking more exercises.B. I have a headache / cough / fever.I feel terrible / bad / horrible / awful.I don't feel well.I've got a pain here.It hurts here.*I don't feel like eating.I can't sleep well.(14)购物 (Shopping)A. Can / May I help you?What can I do for you?How many / much would you like?What colour / size / kind would you like? What about this one?Here's your change.B. I want /I'd like a pair of shoes.How much is it / are they?May I try it on?It's too big / small.Sorry, it's too expensive.Do you have any other colours / sizes / kinds? Two and a half kilos / pounds, please.That's fine. I'll take it.Just have a look.Well, I'11 think about it.(15) 问路 (Asking the way)A. Excuse me. Where's the washroom?Can you tell me how to get to the post office?Excuse me. Which bus goes to World Park?Excuse me. Which is the way to the Bank of China?Excuse me. Could you tell me the way t6 the station, please? How can I get to No. 4 Middle School?B. ①It's over there.It's about 400 metres from here.Go down this street until you see the tall red building. Turn right / left at the first / second crossing / comer. You can't miss it.You can take bus No. 103.You'd better take a taxi. ?②Sorry. I don't know. I'm a stranger here.(16)谈论天气 (Talking about weather)A. What's the weather like today?How's the weather in Beijing?What a cold / hot day today!It's a nice / fine / beautiful / horrible day today.B. It's sunny / cloudy / windy / rainy / snowy / foggy.It's getting cool / cold / warm / hot.(17)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)Pardon?I beg your pardon? I don't understand. Sorry, I can't follow you. * Could you say that again, please?* Could you repeat that, please? Can you speak more slowly, please? * What do you mean by killing time?How do you say ... in English?I don't know how to say that in English.I don't know the word in English.How do you spell it, please?I'm sorry I only know a little English.(18)提醒注意 (Reminding and warning)Don't forget your raincoat. Remember to lock the door.* Make sure that all the windows are closed.Mind your head/step!No smoking!No spitting!Wet floor!Look out!Be careful!Don't touch!It's dangerous!(19)劝告(Advice)You'd better go to see the doctor.You should listen to and read English everyday. You need to buy a Chinese-English dictionary. * If I were you, I'd phone him now.Don't rush / hurry/ push. Please stand in line.(20) 建议(Suggestions)Let's go and have a look.* Should we go now?What / How about a picnic this Sunday?Why don't you buy a computer?Why not go to a movie?2. 态度 (Attitudes)(21) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement) Sure. Certainly.* Exactly.* That's correct.Of course. All right.I agree.No problem.That's a good idea.Yes, I think so.No way.Of course not.I don't agree.I don't think so.I'm afraid not.(22)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)This book is very interesting.I like / love the movie (very much).I like / love to play computer games.I like taking photos.I enjoy listening to music.I'm interested in science.He is fond of music.This song is bad / awful.I don't like the movie very much / at all.I don't enjoy collecting stamps.I hate to do homework.(23)肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty) I'm sure.I'm sure of that.I'm (quite) sure (that) she'll join us.There is no doubt that it's made of silk.It's clear that it will rain soon.I'm not so sure.I'm not sure of that.I'm not sure whether / if she can come.Maybe you're right.Perhaps she is at home now.It's hard to say.(24)可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)A. He can / may come today.It may snow tonight. It's possible to finish the homework before 6 o'clock. * It's likely to rain this afternoon.* It's likely that you will lose this game.B. He may not come so early.He can't be in the office now.It's not likely to snow soon.It's impossible to finish my homework within one hour.(25)能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)He can ride a bike. He's able to pass the math exam.He is good at football.He can't swim.* He's unable to walk any more.She's not good at swimming.(26)偏爱和爱好 (Preference and hobbies)I prefer tea. Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? * I prefer tea to coffee.* I'd prefer to go by train.I like English better / the best.My favourite subject is physics.* I'd rather drink coffee than tea,* Where would you rather go, London or Tokyo? (27)意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)I'll go with you.I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon. I'd like to make a phone call to her after class.I want / hope to find an English pen-friend.I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.* We are ready to move to a new house.*Bill intends to spend his vocation in California. * I am thinking of driving to Beijing.I won't see the movie again.I'm not going to buy the book.I don't want to live in the big city.(28)希望和愿望(Hope and wish)I wish to see you again.I hope to become a doctor.I hope it stays fine.I wish I were younger.I hope so.I hope not.(29)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)A. Very good!Well done!Wonderful!Excellent!You speak English very well.Your dress is beautiful!Come on! Keep trying!You can do it!B. Thank you.OK. I'll try it again.(30)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)* He's to blame.*She blamed him for coming home late.What do you mean by doing so?How could you cheat your teacher?* He shouldn't have done it.Why didn't you tell me the truth?I'm sorry to have said that, but this room is too dirty, * I hate to have to say this, but it's too noisy here. Why don't you do something about it?(31) 冷淡(Indifference)I don't care,* I don't care what you do.It doesn't matter to me.* I don't mind if you smoke.* It's none of my business.3. 情感(Emotions)(32)高兴(Happiness)How wonderful / nice!That's lovely / great / wonderful!I'm so happy.It's well done.I'm pleased to know that.(33)惊奇(Surprise)Really?Oh dear!Is that so?What a surprise!How nice to see you!How surprising!I'm surprised.* It surprises me that your English is so beautiful. Does that surprise you?* Is this what you expected?(34)忧虑(Worries)What's wrong?What's the matter?Anything wrong?What should we do?* Is something worrying you?Are you worried about your health?(35)安慰(Reassurance)There, there. Don't be afraid.Don't worry.It's (quite) all right.It'll be OK / all right.(36)满意(Satisfaction)Good!Well done!Perfect!That's fine.That's better.That's good enough.I'm pleased with your spoken English.(37)遗憾(Regret)I'm so sorry!It's a great pity!What a shame!That's too bad!* I wish I had never given it up.* If I had been there, he would not have made such a serious mistake. * (38)同情(Sympathy)I'm so sorry!I'm so sorry about your illness.I'm sorry to hear you are going away.Please accept my deep sympathy.(39)恐惧 (Fear)Help!How terrible!I'm afraid of that dog.I'm frightened.* You scared me!* I dare not go out at night.(40) W (Anger)* Damn!* Isn't it annoying!*What a stupid idiot!4. 时间(Time)(41)时刻(Point of time)A. Excuse me. What's the time, please? Excuse me. What time is it?* Have you got the time?When did you come to China?What time do you get up every day?B. It's half past five / twenty to nine.I came to China in 1998.I get up at 6 o'clock.(42)时段(Duration)A. How long have you been in this school? How long does it take you to get to school?When did you live in Beijing?How long have you been ill?B. I have been in this school for three years.It takes me twenty minutes by bike.I lived in Beijing from 1996 to 1999.I have been ill since last Monday night.(43) 频度(Frequency)A. How often do you go to movies?B. I go to the movie once a week.I often go to movies.(44) 时序(Sequence)* The cat ran here and there, first on this side, then on that side. What did you do next?Finally we found our way out.It rained even harder later on.5.空间(Space)(45)位置(Position)A. Where is the picture?B. It's on / at / above / in / under / beside / near / behind the table. He sits at the back of the room.The lab is in the centre of the school.(46)方向(Direction)A. Which is the way to the station?Where is the train / bus going?Where are you going?* Are you going up / down?B. Go down this street, and turn left / right at the first crossing. The train is going to Xi'an.The train is going to the east / west / south / north.I'm going to the railway station. I'm leaving for Shanghai.(47)距离(Distance)A. How far is your school from here?B. It's about 40 minutes by bike.It's about 6 kilometres / miles away.6. 存在(Existence)(48) 存在(Existence)A. Is there a bird in the tree?Are there any apples in the tree?What's in the tree?B. Yes, there is / are.There's a bird in the tree.There are many / a lot of birds in the tree.(49) 不存在(Non-existence)A. Is there an English book in the schoolbag?Are there any English books in the schoolbag?Isn't there any water in the bottle?* Does water exist on the moon?B. No, there isn't / aren't (any).There isn't an English book in the schoolbag.There aren't any English books in the schoolbag.No, there's no water in the bottle.There's no more paper in the printer.* No water exists on the moon.7. 特征(Features)(50)形状(Shape)A. What does it look like?What's the shape of the clouds?B. It looks like a camel.It's round / long / tall / short.It's a circle / square.It's a U-shaped road.(51)颜色(Colour)A. What colour is the bag?B. It's green / red / blue / yellow / black / white / orange / purple / light brown / dark blue.* I like the photo in black and white.(52)材料 (Material)A. What's the table made of?What's the red wine made from? B. It's made of wood.It's made from grapes.I bought a woollen sweater yesterday.(53)价格(Price)A. How much is the dictionary?How much is it?How much are they?Is it cheap / expensive? B. The dictionary costs me 100 yuan. The dictionary is expensive / cheap.(54)规格(Size)A. What size is your sweater?What size shoes do you wear? B. The size of my sweater is XXL. It's too big / small / long / short for me.(55) 年龄(Age)A. How old are you?How old is he / she? B. I'm eighteen.He / She is six years old. Uncle Wang is an old man.8.计量(Measurement)(56)长度(Length)A. How long is the bridge?B. It's 430 metres / feet long.(57)宽度(Width)A. How wide is the river?B. It's about 200 metres wide.(58)高度(Height)A. How tall / high is the building?B. It's 130 metres tall / high.The building has 85 floors / stories.(59) 数量(Number)A. How many students are there in your class?How much water do you drink every day?B. There are forty students in our class.I drink five glasses of water every day.9.比较 (Comparison)(60)同级比较 (Equal comparison)My ruler is as long as yours.I can run as fast as you can.This book is not as interesting as that one.I can't run so fast as you can.(61)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)Lily is younger than Kate.The red skirt is more expensive than the yellow one.I run faster than Jim.Mrs. Baker walks more slowly than Mr. Baker.Jim is the tallest in his class.Tom is the best of all.(62)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)This picture is the same as that one on the wall.Lucy is like her mother.Tom looks like his father.My picture is different from yours.There are five differences between the two pictures.10.逻辑关系(Logical relations)(63)原因和结果 (Cause and effect )A. Why are you late for school?How could you miss the train / plane?B. Because I got up late this morning.*As he was ill, he couldn't come to school.Since she did not feel well, she stayed at home.Because of the bad traffic, we missed the train.* Due to the heavy fog, the planes were delayed.* The reason is that he is not careful enough in his work. He ate too much, so he did not feel well.* It is so dark that I can not see anything in the room.(64)目的(Purpose)A. Why are you here today?Why did you do that? B. I came here to see you off.* I did that in order to protect the trees.11. 职业 (Occupation)(65)工作(Job)A. What do you do? What's your job?What are you going to be?B. I'm a teacher / doctor / worker / farmer / businessman / manager.I'm going to be a scientist / computer engineer.(66)单位(Employer)A. Where do you work?* What company are you working for?B. I'm teaching English In a high-school..* I'm working for a computer company.中考英语补全对话考点【命题特点与应答策略】一、补全对话的命题特点通过对中考考试大纲及历年中考试题的分析发现，中考情景交流能力型的测试，主要有以下两个方面的特点：1. 重视语言的真实性，测试中使用的对话、问题文章，均与现实生活有密切的联系；2. 重视语境对语言的影响。

功能翻译术语

功能翻译术语Acceptibility 可接受性Adaptation 改编；编译Adequacy 在功能翻译理论中，“合适”(德语：Adaquatheit)用以形容译本对翻译纲要所规定的交际目的而言的合适性。

它是与翻译行为过程有关的动态概念。

Adjustment 调整Agent 经纪人Appeal-focused Texts 感染型文本(德文Appellbetonte Texte)Appellative Function 感染性功能(德语为Appellfunktion)：使用言语或非言语交际符号，以使接受者作出一定的答复或反应。

也称为“使役功能”或“意动功能”。

可进一步分为：说明、劝诱、命令、教学、广告等功能。

感染功能的效果取决于接受者的敏感性、应激性、经验视野和知识水平。

Appellative Texts 感染型文本Assignment 任务：委托给译者的职责，包括工作条件(时间、薪酬等)、原文和(更理想的情况是包括)翻译纲要。

Audio-medial Texts 听觉媒介文本(德文Audio-mediale TextP)Brief 纲要：用于定义翻译行为所服务的交际目的。

理想的翻译纲要明示或暗示以下信息：译文的预期功能、读者、传播媒介、出版时间和地点，必要的话，还包括创作译文或出版译文的动机。

Coherence 连贯(德文Koharenz)Commission 委托(德文Auftrag)Communication Load 传意负荷(又名Information Load[信息负荷]) Communicative Translation 交际翻译Compensation 补偿Contextual Consistency 语境一致[性]Conventions 常规：为人们所默认但不具强制约束力的行为规范，基于常识或建立在“期待”之上，即人们对特定场合中对于应该如何做的“期待”。

常规见于：常见文本类型或语篇体裁、一般的文体常规、习惯度量法、翻译传统等。

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