Chapter 3 technology and economic development

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Chapter 3 Managing in a Global Environment

Chapter 3 Managing in a Global Environment1) Managers with an ethnocentric attitude do not trust foreign employees with key decisions or technology.Answer: TRUE2) When the twelve original members formed the European union in 1992, the primary motivation was to reassert the region's economic position against the United States and Japan.Answer: TRUE3) Only when a country's political/legal environment is unstable or revolutionary is it of concern to managers.Answer: FALSE4) Managers who want to get into a global market with minimal investment start with global sourcing.Answer: TRUE5) Parochialism is a tendency to ________.A) think highly of the foreign country in which the organization is doing businessB) focus on best approaches and people from around the globeC) view the world solely through one's own eyes and perspectivesD) let employees in the host country figure out how best to do things Answer: C6) The ________ was formed by twelve original members with the primary motivation of reasserting the region's economic position against the United States and Japan.A) African UnionB) European UnionC) Central America Free Trade AgreementD) Association of South-East Asian NationsAnswer: B7) How many members does The African Union have?A) 78B) 53C) 64D) 49Answer: B8) The International Monetary Fund is an organization of ________ countriesthat promotes international monetary cooperation and provides member countries with policy advice, temporary loans, and technical assistance to establish and maintain financial stability and to strengthen economies.A) 193B) 172C) 160D) 185Answer: D9) The forerunner of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development was the ________ that was formed in 1947 to administer American and Canadian aid under the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II.A) Organization of European StatesB) Organizational Council of EuropeC) Organization for European Economic CooperationD) Organization for European InvestmentAnswer: C10) A ________ centralizes its management and other decisions in the home country.A) global companyB) multidomestic corporationC) multicultural companyD) multifaceted corporationAnswer: A11) Transnational organizations are also known as ________.A) ethnocentric organizationsB) polycentric organizationsC) borderless organizationsD) multidomestic organizationsAnswer: C12) ________ is the practice wherein an organization gives another organization the right to use its brand name, technology, or product specifications in return for a fee usually based on sales.A) Global sourcingB) ExportingC) SubsidizingD) LicensingAnswer: DA Foreign Alliance Talk (Scenario)As manager of the international department of your company, you have been asked by the local Chamber of Commerce to deliver a speech on foreign trade. The chamber president even goes so far as to say "and be sure to include the EU, NAFTA, and all that stuff because we're afraid that Ross Perot is right all the good jobs will leave the United States." As you pour over your notes, you try to choose the best information to present in the allotted half hour.13) You plan to explain during your talk that the acronyms EU, NAFTA, and ASEAN refer to ________.A) regional trade alliancesB) foreign airlinesC) soccer teams in EuropeD) new multinational corporationsAnswer: A14) One of the hottest topics of your talk will be the North American Free Trade Agreement. One of the points that you will emphasize is that________.A) between 1994 and 2007, merchandise trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico has decreased from 6.6 percent to 4.4 percentB) a large number of people have started migrating from the United States to Mexico in search of jobs and prosperityC) as of 2010, it remains the largest trade bloc in the world in terms of combined gross domestic product of its membersD) the United States, Canada, Mexico, Costa Rica and El Salvador are its membersAnswer: C15) Write a short essay on the European Union.Answer: The European Union (EU) is an economic and political partnership of 27 democratic European countries. Three countries (Croatia, Macedonia, and Turkey) have applied for membership. When the 12 original members formed the EU in 1992, the primary motivation was to reassert the region's economic position against the United States and Japan. Before then, eachEuropean nation had border controls, taxes, and subsidies; nationalistic policies; and protected industries. These barriers to travel, employment, investment, and trade prevented European companies from developing economic efficiencies. Now with these barriers removed, the economic power represented by the EU is considerable. Its current membership covers a population base of nearly half a billion people and accounts for approximately 31 percent of the world's total economic output. The euro that is the common European currency is currently in use in 16 of the 27 member states and all new member countries must adopt the euro. Only Denmark, the United Kingdom, and Sweden have been allowed to opt out of using the euro. The euro zone is the world's largest unified economy after the United States and a major source of world demand for goods and services. Therefore, the importance of this regional trading alliance will continue to evolve as EU members work together to assert the region's economic power with successful European businesses continuing to play a crucial role in the global economy.。

全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译

全新版⼤学英语综合教程3课⽂原⽂及翻译unit 4Was Einstein a Space Alien?1 Albert Einstein was exhausted. For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn. When Albert finally dozed off ... it was time to get up and go to wor k. He couldn't skip a day. He needed the job to support his young family.1. 阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦精疲⼒竭。

他幼⼩的⼉⼦汉斯连续三个晚上哭闹不停，弄得全家⼈直到天亮都⽆法⼊睡。

阿尔伯特总算可以打个瞌睡时，已是他起床上班的时候了。

他不能⼀天不上班，他需要这份⼯作来养活组建不久的家庭。

2 Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a "Technical Expert, Third Class," Albert w orried about his mother. She was getting older and frail, and she didn't approve of his marriage to Mileva. Relations were strained. Albert glanced at a passing shop window. His hair was a mess; he had forgotten to comb it again.2. 阿尔伯特是专利局三等技术专家。

在快步去专利局上班的路上，他为母亲忧⼼忡忡。

母亲年纪越来越⼤，⾝体虚弱。

Chap公共部门经济学经济学原理曼昆中英文双语实用

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Immunizations 免疫Restored historic buildings 修复历史古迹Research into new technologies新技术研究开发
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Negative Externalities
负外部性
Internalizing an externality involves altering incentives so that people take into account the external effects of their actions. 外部性的内在化——通过改变激励，使人们考虑他们自己行为的外部效应。
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Positive Externalities 正外部性
When an externality benefits the bystanders, a positive externality exists.当外部性有利于旁观者时，就存在正外部性。The social value of the good exceeds the private value. 物品的社会价值大于私人价值。
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Figure 3 Education and thntity of
Education
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Price of
Education
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图3. 教育与社会最优
教育的数量
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教育的价格
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Positive Externalities
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The Market for Aluminum and Welfare Economics
铝市场和福利经济学

综合商务英语教程四册3章Economic Development of a Country

unemployment income recession
deflation budget
1.2 Factors Affecting Economic Development
1. Natural resource is an important factor affecting economic development. However, the distribution of natural resource is not even around the world. Place these countries on the chart below. Then discuss your chart with your partner.
综合商务英语教程四册 Unit 3 Economic Development of
a Country
Objectives Focus 1.1 Basic Concepts Concerning Economic Development 1.2 Factors Affecting Economic Development 1.3 Influence of Economic Development of a country Sum-up Assignment
•The following words are some basic concepts in
economic development. Try to find their meanings in the dictionary and finish the practice.
inflation welfare deficit
1.3 Influence of Economic Development

商务英语阅读课后习题答案-chapter

Chapter 1二、短语翻译。

英翻汉Sluggish economy 萧条的经济Full employment 充分就业Trade deficit 贸易赤字in-depth analysis 深入的分析Industrialized countries 工业化free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定international specialization国际专业化product differentiation 产品差别trade surplus 贸易盈余determinative factor 决定性因素三、汉翻英经济双赢economic win-win 关税壁垒tariff barrier收入不平等wage inequality 劳动生产率labor productivity解雇工人lay off works 生产要素factor of production双边协议bilateral deal 回归分析regression analysis市场准入market access 世界经济复world economic recovery四. Translation1. The monitoring system will finally substitute the US Government’s cap on cigar imports from Cuba.2. The quarrel between Mexico and the US will be no avail and it may disrupt the lifting of the agricultural tariffs under the North American Free Trade Agreement.3. An economic cooperation business forum, which will discusshow to minimize the negative impact of global economic imbalance adjustment on China, will take place shortly before the ministerial conference.4. Few Americans attribute this to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or business cycle.5. Recent research has shed light on the fact that there are heavy financial and political costs associated with the measures necessary to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.6. There are rumors that the government struck a private deal with the corporation’s chairman last month.7. The opposition is exerting pressure on the US government to change the policy towards textile imports.8. Since the establishment of the bilateral free-trade agreement, the emerging economy has always been at the forefront of science and technology.9. In general, floating exchange rates are supposed to insulate countries from persistent differences in inflation with their trading partners.10. According to conservative estimates, by 2010, China’s import and export volume with North America and the EU would surpass $400 billion respectively, with ten ASEAN countries exceeding $200 billion.五、完形填空1.manufacturingpetitive3.deficit4.budget5.expanding6.recovery7.revival8.emerging9.innovation 10.propertyChapter2二、consumer-goods 消费品discount retailers折扣零售商brand equity 品牌资产价值advertising budget 广告预算real-time sales data 实时销售数据sales promotion促销profit margin 盈利scanner data扫描数据三、汉翻英价格溢价price premium 基线销售base-line sales减价price reductions 广告支出advertising spending营销组合marketing mix 销量溢价quantity premium产品数量（种类）product-line variety 美元分配allocation of dollars四. 翻译1. The government has allocated $ 0.1billion to the development and utilization of renewable energy in the rural areas.2. We should not develop the Western region at the expense of environment. Therefore the government has been following a sustainable development road attaching equal importance toeconomic development and environment protection.3. As a big responsible nation, China will strictly be abide by the WTO rules and honor its commitments.4. The rapid growth in China’s grain production can be ascribed to the fact that the Chinese government has implemented a series of reform policy and measures in the rural areas, such as raising the prices of grain purchased by the state.5. In the globalization era, not all countries play on the level playground. Some developing countries have to adhere to some marketing principles, or even accede to the requests of some governments.6. Over the past year, the global investment demand was on the wane; the major world currencies suffered swift turbulence and some emerging markets underwent severe financial crisis.7. Networks fundamentally alter the nature of competition and level the playing field, especially for smaller business regardless of the barriers like time and distance.8. Through micro credit projects, with the credit available on demand, farmers are able to pay back both the principle and interest in time.9. China’s vigorous economic development is indicative of the fact that China has become one of the countries that enjoy the highesteconomic growth speed in the world.10. With the reform of the wholly state-owned commercial banks, when some qualified commercial banks seek listing in the stock market, others certainly will follow suit.五、完形填空1.blame2.damaged3.short-term4.building5.profiability6.arm7.boosts8.orientation9.moreover 10.loweringChapter3二. Privileged minority 享有特权的少数人Gas station加油站Marketing research 市场调查Professional competence 专业技能A sales point 卖点Product design 产品设计Potential consumer潜在顾客Business disaster 商业灾难三、汉翻英日常生活daily life 广告活动advertising campaigns物理特征physical characteristic 视觉想象visual imagination国媒体national media 销售增长sales increase销售渠道distribution system产品到导向型的广告product-orientated advertising四. 翻译1. Experts have attributed the main cause of the company’s poor performance to its poor HR functions, especially the appointmentof the senior management.2. British Airways intends to create a more flexible and modern corporate culture through the relocation3. Rumors about redundancy make the company at its worst in terms of morale ever since its foundation.4. After financial scandals, many companies can only resort to charity activities to improve their corporate image.5. Politicians should not engage in business affairs that might affect their political judgment.6. As a sleeping partner of the enterprise, he is entitled to share the profits, but is deprived of participating in its management.7. After watching this interview, she realizes how difficult it is to be a venture capitalist. For one thing, you need to have the money; for another, you need to have the insight to pick the right(promising) start-ups.8. T o enter a specific market, in addition to acquiring sufficient knowledge about our target customers, we also need to know about the local policies and abide by them.9. With the efforts of these university students, it was brought to light that this world-famous multinational had established some sweat factories in China.10. In a time when customers change constantly and rapidly intheir needs, only companies who are quick to respond can survive and succeed in the end.五、完形填空1.sincere2.privileged3.led4.constitutes5.intellectual6.resort7.instead8.reduce9.clients 10.divertChapter4三. Phrase Translation1. 人口流动2. 供应商网络3.标准零配件4. 特殊制造技术3.互补经济体 6.反日情绪7. 外方合作人, 外国附属公司8.上市企业并购mergers and acquisition海外扩overseas expansion全球化战略globalization strategy保护主义措施protectionist measures市场准入access to market知识产权intellectual property right贸易伙伴trading partners资本投入capital investment四. 翻译1. Vendors now offer systems that work only with their hardware, but they are trying to make their equipment integrate with other’s hardware.2. Agricultural exports, by contrast, respond immediately, growing at an annual rate of 17.7 percent in 1980 and 1981.3. This book takes a strategic view of business and develops the ability to take a multidisciplinary approach to managing a business and resolving problems and issues.4. Thanks to the recession and 9/11, Mayor Michael Bloomberg must contend with a whopping budget deficit projected to 60 billion.5. Dispose of batteries properly. Do not throw them into fire or expose to high temperature.6. In the future, in addition to syndicating our groups’ efforts, we will ally with foreign companies to leverage advantages and enhance global competitiveness.7. We are certain that in due course of time, the economic reforms will have brought about results and benefits that will go beyond China’s boundaries.8. One of the major banks has lowered its interest rate and the other bank is expected to follow suit.9. During these quarterly meetings, it’s the boss’s responsibility to respond to each manager’s plan.10. We will put in place a new order of the socialist market economy through completing the market system and rectifying and regulating the market behavior.五、完形填空1. ambivalent,2.integration3. hindered4. from5. by.6. shortage,7. options8. acquisitions9. strategy 10. allianceChapte r 5三、汉翻英上市公司对…随时留意, 小心提防会计师事务所国外子公司经济规划的持观望态度(财务)调帐报告业绩评定指标/方法Generally accepted accounting principles revenue recognitionIncome statement earnings per share Managing director credit-rating agenciesFinance chiefs/executives institutionalinvestors四. 翻译1. Escal ating costs have almost wiped out the company’s profits from last year.2. This area is studded with bars all vying for customer attention. But it’s not easy to pin down what exactly it is that pleases customers the most.3. The project team decided to adhere to its original plan despite the appalling weather.4. At the press conference, the PR manager reiterated that the company’s operation has returned to normal. However, many private shareholders remain skeptical about such claims.5. The new labor law, which took effect last year, is likely to raise the labor cost of a considered number of enterprises6. The less senior employees are reluctant to express their views or make any suggestions because they don’t think their ideas will really be put into practice.7. Local relief organizations have also embarked on fund-raising campaigns so as to provide more financial support for the earthquake victims.8. Up to 30 companies submitted their request for price rises, but most of them didn’t stand a chance of getting approval from theregulatory agency.9. The decision-makers seem to have already given up on the reform program though its initiators are still trying hard to elicit support from other stakeholders.10. The new model, which has just been released onto the market recently, is being touted as the most energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly product of its kind.五、完形填空1. toll2.leveraged3. grips4. shaping5.counterpart6. joint7.potential8. with9.light 10. transparent 11. responses 12. onChapter 8三、汉翻英公司未来愿景消减成本利用资源投资组合untapped niches 尚未被竞争者发现的市场机会convenience stores 便利店market segments 市场细分premium brand 高端品牌实施战略execute strategy竞争优势competitive advantage实证研究empirical studies核心品牌core brand分销系统distribution system控股公司 a holding company文化冲突culture clashes股东财富shareholders wealth四. 翻译1. The management believes that its existing manufacturing and marketing expertise can be leveraged with the new business.2. Jack Welch, General Electric chairman, was universally acclaimed as one of the most successful manager in the 20th century.3. The Japanese company is unanimous in its support of divestiture since the acquired business unit is destroying the corporate value.4. This study reveals several fault lines that companies frequently encounter as they execute their corporate strategy.5. Problems arose at the very outset when Anheuser Busch acquired Eagle Snacks.6. AT&T put up with losses in NCR almost from the start, butcontinued to subsidize it.7. Mattel expected to derive above-average profitability from the acquisition of The Learning Company.8. We must bear in mind that a corporate strategy must be constantly evaluated and divestiture decisions made before it is too late.9. AT&T realized that telecom equipment is not identical to computer technologies.10. We can’t view the fai lure of the acquisition strategy in isolation. It’s the result of a combination of several factors, rather than unidimensional.五、完形填空1.acquisitions .2.executing3.divestiture4.at5. on6.plunged7.that8.synergies9.core 10.premium。

economist（经济学人）精品文章中英对照（合集五篇）

economist（经济学人）精品文章中英对照（合集五篇）第一篇：economist(经济学人)精品文章中英对照Whopper to go 至尊汉堡，打包带走Will Burger King be gobbled up by private equity? 汉堡王是否会被私人股本吞并？Sep 2nd 2010 | NEW YORKSHARES in Burger King(BK)soared on September 1st on reports that the fast-food company was talking to several private-equity firms interested in buying it.How much beef was behind these stories was unclear.But lately the company famous for the slogan “Have It Your Way” has certainly not been having it its own way.There may be arguments about whether BK or McDonald’s serves the best fries, but there is no doubt which is more popular with stockmarket investors: the maker of the Big Mac has supersized its lead in the past two years.有报道披露，快餐企业汉堡王（BK）正在与数个有收购意向的私人股本接洽，9月1日，汉堡王的股值随之飙升。

这些报道究竟有多少真材实料不得而知。

汉堡王的著名口号是“我选我味”，但如今显然它身不由己，心中五味杂陈。

汉堡王和麦当劳哪家薯条最好吃，食客们一直争论不休，但股票投资人更喜欢哪家股票，却一目了然：过去两年里，巨无霸麦当劳一直在扩大自己的优势。

技术经济及管理作文英语

技术经济及管理作文英语Technology, Economy, and Management。

In today's world, technology, economy, and management are three critical factors that play a significant role in shaping the success of any organization. All three factors are interdependent and have a direct impact on each other.In this essay, we will discuss the importance of technology, economy, and management and how they are related to each other.Technology has become an essential part of our lives, and it has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. Technology has made it possible for organizations to automate their processes, increase their productivity, and reduce costs. Technology has also made it possible for organizations to reach out to a global audience, which has opened up new markets and opportunities.The economy is another critical factor that plays asignificant role in the success of any organization. The economy affects the demand for products and services, the cost of production, and the availability of resources. A strong economy provides organizations with the necessary resources to invest in technology, research, and development, and expand their operations. A weak economy, on the other hand, can lead to a decrease in demand, reduced profits, and even bankruptcy.Management is the third critical factor that plays a crucial role in the success of any organization. Effective management involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the resources of an organization to achieve its goals. Good management ensures that the organization is efficient, productive, and profitable. It also ensures that the organization is able to adapt to changes in the economy and technology.Technology, economy, and management are interdependent and have a direct impact on each other. For example, technology can help organizations reduce their costs and increase their productivity, which can lead to increasedprofits. A strong economy can provide organizations with the necessary resources to invest in technology and expand their operations. Effective management can ensure that the organization is efficient, productive, and profitable, which can lead to growth and success.In conclusion, technology, economy, and management are critical factors that play a significant role in shaping the success of any organization. These three factors are interdependent and have a direct impact on each other. Organizations that invest in technology, manage their resources effectively, and adapt to changes in the economy are more likely to succeed in today's competitive business environment.。

第三产业经济英语作文

The Growth and Importance of the Tertiary Sector in the Global EconomyIn the modern era, the tertiary sector, also known as the service sector, has emerged as a significant driver of economic growth and development. This sector encompasses a wide range of activities, from finance and insurance to healthcare, education, and tourism, among others. The rapid expansion of the tertiary sector can be attributed to several factors, including technological advancements, globalization, and the shifting demands of consumers.Technological advancements have revolutionized the way services are delivered, making them more efficient and convenient. For instance, the rise of the internet and mobile technology has enabled the provision of online services such as e-commerce, telemedicine, and virtual education. These innovations have not only increased access to services but have also created new businessopportunities and revenue streams.Globalization has further facilitated the growth of the tertiary sector by promoting cross-border trade and investment. The increasing interconnectedness of theworld's economies has led to the emergence of global service providers, such as multinational banks, consulting firms, and hospitality chains. These companies have expanded their operations across borders, tapping into new markets and customer bases.The shifting demands of consumers have also played a crucial role in the growth of the tertiary sector. As people's incomes rise and their lifestyles change, they demand higher-quality services that cater to their specific needs and preferences. This has led to the emergence of niche markets and specialized services, such as premium healthcare, luxury tourism, and customized education programs.The rise of the tertiary sector has brought numerous benefits to economies. Firstly, it has contributed significantly to employment growth. The service sector provides a vast array of job opportunities, ranging from high-skilled professions such as doctors and lawyers tolow-skilled jobs in retail and tourism. This diversity in job opportunities has helped to reduce unemployment and poverty, especially in developing countries.Moreover, the tertiary sector has been a key driver of innovation and creativity. The provision of services often requires continuous innovation to meet the changing needs of consumers. This has led to the development of new technologies, business models, and marketing strategies, which have in turn stimulated economic growth and competitiveness.However, the growth of the tertiary sector has also presented some challenges. One such challenge is the increasing polarization between high-skilled and low-skilled workers. As the demand for skilled services rises, the gap between those with the necessary qualifications and those without widens. This has led to wage disparities and social tensions in some countries.Another challenge is the increasing environmental impact of the service sector. The provision of services often requires significant energy and resource consumption, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions and waste generation. This has raised concerns about thesustainability of the sector's growth and the need for more environmentally friendly business practices.In conclusion, the tertiary sector has emerged as a crucial driver of economic growth and development in the global economy. Its growth has been facilitated by technological advancements, globalization, and shifting consumer demands. While the sector brings numerous benefits, it also poses some challenges that need to be addressed. Future policies and strategies should aim to promote sustainable and inclusive growth in the service sector, ensuring that its benefits are widely shared across society. **第三产业经济的增长与重要性**在现代社会，第三产业，即服务业，已经成为推动经济增长和发展的重要驱动力。

知识经济英语作文

The Rise of the Knowledge Economy:Opportunities and ChallengesIn the twenty-first century, the world has witnessed a profound transformation in the nature of economic activity, marked by the emergence of the knowledge economy. Thisshift away from a reliance on traditional resources towards a focus on intellectual capital, innovation, and technology has had profound impacts on every aspect of society.The knowledge economy is characterized by a rapid paceof technological advancement and continuous innovation. Itis driven by the creation, dissemination, and applicationof knowledge, often in the form of intellectual propertyand patents. This shift towards a knowledge-based economy has been enabled by the increasing availability of advanced technologies such as the internet, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics. These technologies have made it easier for ideas and information to spread quickly,fostering a culture of continuous learning and adaptation.One of the key drivers of the knowledge economy is the increasing demand for skilled labor. As businesses and industries become more reliant on technology and innovation,they require workers who possess the necessary skills and knowledge to operate and adapt to these changes. This has led to a growing emphasis on education and lifelong learning, as individuals seek to equip themselves with the necessary skills to compete in the knowledge economy.The rise of the knowledge economy has presented numerous opportunities, but it has also brought about a series of challenges. One of the main challenges is the widening gap between those who have access to education and skills development and those who do not. This divide can lead to increased social and economic inequality, as those without the necessary skills are left behind in the race to adapt to the changing economic landscape.Another challenge is the rapid pace of technological change itself. While this has led to incredible advancements in areas like healthcare, education, and transportation, it has also made it difficult for individuals and businesses to keep up. The need to constantly adapt and retrain can be stressful and costly, and it can lead to a sense of instability and uncertainty.Despite these challenges, the rise of the knowledge economy has also presented numerous opportunities. It has fostered the emergence of new industries and sectors, such as technology, healthcare, and education, that are driving economic growth and creating new jobs. It has also enabled greater collaboration and cooperation between individuals and businesses across the globe, fostering a culture of innovation and creativity.In conclusion, the rise of the knowledge economy has been a transformative force in the global economy. It has presented numerous opportunities for growth and development, but it has also brought about a series of challenges that need to be addressed. As we move forward, it is crucialthat we continue to invest in education and skills development, promote inclusivity and access to technology, and foster a culture of continuous learning and innovation. By doing so, we can harness the power of the knowledge economy to create a more prosperous and sustainable future for all.**知识经济的崛起：机遇与挑战**在二十一世纪，世界经济经历了深刻的变革，以知识经济的崛起为标志。

经管短篇英文文献阅读

经管短篇英文文献阅读Title: The Impact of Digitalization on Economic Management.Abstract:The current era of rapid digitalization hassignificantly transformed the landscape of economic management. This paper explores the impact ofdigitalization on economic management, discussing both the opportunities and challenges it presents. It highlights the need for businesses and organizations to adapt their management strategies to capitalize on the benefits of digitalization while mitigating its potential risks.Introduction:The advent of digitalization has revolutionized the way businesses and organizations operate, manage, and make decisions. The rise of digital technologies such asartificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, cloud computing, and blockchain has provided unprecedented opportunities for economic management. These technologies have enabled more efficient, accurate, and data-driven decision-making, while also facilitating seamless collaboration and communication across organizational boundaries.Opportunities of Digitalization:1. Data-Driven Decision-Making: Digitalization allows for the collection, analysis, and utilization of vast amounts of data. This data can provide valuable insights into consumer behavior, market trends, and operational efficiencies, enabling businesses to make more informed and strategic decisions.2. Enhanced Collaboration and Communication: Digital tools and platforms have made it easier for teams to collaborate and communicate in real-time, regardless of their geographical location. This enhanced collaboration can lead to more innovative ideas, faster decision-making,and improved operational efficiencies.3. Automation and Optimization: Digital technologies such as AI and robotics can automate repetitive tasks, freeing up human resources for more strategic and innovative work. This automation can lead to cost savings, increased productivity, and fewer errors.Challenges of Digitalization:1. Security and Privacy Concerns: As digitalization increases, so do the risks of cyberattacks and data breaches. Businesses must ensure that their digital systems are secure and that they have robust privacy policies to protect sensitive information.2. Skills Gap: The rise of digital technologies has created a demand for skilled workers who can effectively utilize these tools. However, many businesses struggle to find employees with the necessary skills and expertise. This skills gap can hinder the effective implementation of digitalization strategies.3. Regulatory and Compliance Issues: The increasing complexity of digital systems and data flows has led to a growing number of regulations and compliance requirements. Businesses must ensure that they comply with these requirements to avoid legal and financial risks.Conclusion:Digitalization presents both opportunities and challenges for economic management. To capitalize on its benefits, businesses and organizations must adapt their management strategies to embrace digital technologies. However, they must also be mindful of the potential risks and take steps to mitigate them. By doing so, businesses can harness the power of digitalization to improve their decision-making, collaboration, and efficiency, while staying ahead of the competition in this rapidly changing landscape.。

你认为科学技术在经济的作用是什么英语作文

你认为科学技术在经济的作用是什么英语作文The Role of Science and Technology in the EconomyScience and technology have always played a crucial role in driving economic growth and development. With the rapid advancement of technology in recent years, the impact of science and technology on the economy has become even more pronounced. In this essay, we will explore the various ways in which science and technology contribute to economic growth and prosperity.First and foremost, science and technology drive innovation and creativity, leading to the development of new products, services, and processes. Innovation is a key driver of economic growth, as it allows businesses to stay ahead of the competition and meet the changing needs of consumers. For example, the advent of the internet and e-commerce has revolutionized the way we shop and do business, creating new opportunities for entrepreneurs and businesses alike.Science and technology also play a crucial role in increasing productivity and efficiency in various industries. Advances in automation, artificial intelligence, and robotics have enabled businesses to streamline their operations and reduce costs,leading to higher profits and a more competitive economy. For instance, automation in manufacturing has led to increased production efficiency and reduced labor costs, making businesses more profitable and globally competitive.Furthermore, science and technology have a significant impact on job creation and employment opportunities. As new industries and technologies emerge, they create new job opportunities for skilled workers and professionals. For instance, the growing demand for data scientists, software developers, and cybersecurity experts has created new career pathways for individuals with STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) skills.In addition, science and technology are key drivers of sustainable development and environmental conservation. By investing in green technologies and renewable energy sources, businesses can reduce their carbon footprint and contribute to a cleaner and healthier planet. For example, the development of solar panels, wind turbines, and electric vehicles has not only created new business opportunities but also helped reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.Moreover, science and technology contribute to economic growth by fostering international collaboration and knowledgeexchange. By sharing ideas, research, and technological advancements with other countries, businesses can tap into new markets, attract foreign investment, and drive economic development on a global scale. For example, multinational corporations collaborate with local businesses and research institutions to develop new products and technologies, creating a win-win situation for all parties involved.In conclusion, the role of science and technology in the economy is multifaceted and essential for driving economic growth and prosperity. From driving innovation and productivity to creating new job opportunities and promoting sustainability, science and technology have a profound impact on the way we live and work. It is crucial for governments, businesses, and individuals to invest in science and technology to harness its full potential and ensure a brighter future for all.。

《经济新引擎兼论有为政府与有效市场(汉英对照)》读书笔记模板

nts
Copyright
插页
“博雅双语名家名作” 出版说明
Preface
壹亚当·斯密第三本书的内容会是什么？
Chapter 1 What Could Be the Contents of Adam Smith s Third Book?
Chapter 1 What Could Be the
经济新引擎-兼论有为政府与有效市场（汉英对照）
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 目录分析 05 精彩摘录
目录
02 内容摘要 04 读书笔记 06 作者介绍
思维导图
本书关键字分析思维导图
经济
经济学
资源
理论
微观
经济
引擎
政府
市场
政府内容
发展
引擎
政府
全球
贰凯恩斯书
玖经济
内容摘要
《经济新引擎——兼论有为政府与有效市场》至少有三大亮点。一是突破了西方主流经济学体系和市场理论框架的局限：首先，在市场经济理论方面，本书提出成熟的市场经济是"有为政府＋有效市场"的经济；其次，在经济学体系方面，本书提出了创建中观经济学架构的设想；最后，在世界各国经济增长方面，本书提出了经济新引擎理论。二是能从经济学角度正确解释中国改革开放四十年来的成功经验：第一，本书探讨了区域政府的双重属性；第二，本书分析了市场双重竞争行为；第三，本书指出，成熟市场经济一定是有为政府与有效市场有机结合、有序运行的经济；第四，本书提出了政府超前引领的观点；第五，本书探讨了政府竞争创新。三是创建了新经济学体系和市场理论，中国为这一理论的发展提供了广阔素材。
Contents of Adam Smith's Third Book?

03不确定性、进化和经济理论(中英)

03不确定性、进化和经济理论(中英)UNCERTAINTY, EVOLUTION, AND ECONOMIC THEORY 不确定性、进化和经济理论ARMEN A. ALCHIANUniversity of California at Los AngelesA modification of economic analysis to incorporate incomplete information and uncertain foresight as axioms is suggested here.本文提出一种经过改进的经济分析方法，以将不完全信息和不确定预知作为不言自明的客观存在引入经济分析。

This approach dispenses with “profit maximization”; and it does not rely on the predictable, individual behavior that is usually assumed, as a first approximation, in standard textbook treatments.这一分析方法扬弃了“利润极大化”；同时放弃了个体行为的可推测性，而在一般的教科书中，个体行为的可推测性通常被假定为一个最基本的条件。

Despite these changes, the analytical concepts usually associated with such behavior are retained because they are not dependent upon such motivation or foresight. 尽管作了上述两点修正，但进行这类行为分析时常用的那些概念仍旧保留下来，因为这些分析概念本身并不依赖于这种动机或预见。

The suggested approach embodies the principles of biological evolution and natural selection by interpreting the economic system as an adoptive mechanism which chooses among exploratory actions generated by the adaptive pursuit of “success” or “profit.” 这里提出的这种分析方法吸收了生物进化和自然选择原理，把经济体系解释为一个甄别机制，这一机制具有甄选那些试图追逐“成功”或利润“的适应性行为的功能。

高级商务英语阅读Chapter 3

Question 1
How
did Steve Hilton feel when Lehman Brothers collapsed?
The
world was coming to an end.
Question 2
What
did Mr. Hilton do to save his company?
Notes to the Text
Lehman
Brothers Holding Inc.
The fourth largest investment bank in the U.S
(behind Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Merill Lynch). Declare bankruptcy in 2008.

Notes to the Text
The hobbled financial system will make it hard for cash-hungry start-ups to get financing, so innovation will suffer. hobbled这里具有双重含义,一方面指代（美国）金融体制不完善，有诸多弊病；另一方面也说明不完善的金融体制给美国经济发展造成了严重的阻碍。 cash-hungry start-ups这里指缺乏（急需）资金的新兴公司。残缺的金融体系令急需资金的新兴公司融资艰难，使得技术创新步履维艰。
Giving up options to buy thousands of lots. Laying off 3/4 of his employees.
Redesigning his houses to cut construction cost.

Chap03经济学曼昆课件

(b) How Trade Increases The Rancher’s Consumption
Rancher’s
B*
consumptionwithtradeBRancher’s
consumption
without trade
0
2.5 3
5
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
What determines the pattern of production and trade?
Patterns of production and trade are based upon differences in opportunity costs.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
How do we satisfy our wants and needs in a global economy?
We can be economically selfsufficient. We can specialize and
What They Consume 3 lbs meat (A*) 3 lbs potatoes 21 lbs meat (B*) 3 lbs potatoes
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.

关于知识经济话题的四级英语作文

关于知识经济话题的四级英语作文Title: The Impact of Knowledge Economy on SocietyIntroductionIn today's fast-paced and technologically advanced world, the concept of knowledge economy has become increasingly relevant. Knowledge economy refers to an economy where knowledge and information constitute the main drivers of growth and development. This essay will explore the impact of knowledge economy on society and highlight its benefits and challenges.Benefits of Knowledge EconomyOne of the key benefits of knowledge economy is the creation of high-skilled jobs. As knowledge and information become more valuable, there is a growing demand for individuals with specialized skills and expertise. This leads to the creation of new industries and job opportunities in areas such as technology, research, and innovation.In addition, knowledge economy promotes continuous learning and development. In order to stay competitive in a knowledge-based economy, individuals and organizations need to constantly update their skills and knowledge. This culture oflifelong learning fosters innovation and creativity, driving economic growth and prosperity.Furthermore, knowledge economy encourages collaboration and knowledge sharing. In a globalized world, information flows freely across borders, allowing for greater exchange of ideas and best practices. This leads to greater cross-cultural understanding and cooperation, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.Challenges of Knowledge EconomyDespite its many benefits, knowledge economy also poses certain challenges to society. One of the main challenges is the digital divide, which refers to the gap between individuals and communities who have access to information and communication technologies, and those who do not. This divide can exacerbate existing inequalities and hinder social and economic development.Another challenge of knowledge economy is the issue of data privacy and security. In an increasingly digital and interconnected world, the collection and storage of vast amounts of data poses risks to individuals' privacy and can be exploited for malicious purposes. Society must find ways to balance the benefits of data-driven innovation with the protection of personal information.ConclusionIn conclusion, knowledge economy has the potential to transform society and drive economic progress. By harnessing the power of knowledge and information, individuals and organizations can create new opportunities and solve complex challenges. However, in order to fully realize the benefits of knowledge economy, society must address its inherent challenges and strive to create a more equitable and secure environment for all. Only then can knowledge economy truly benefit and uplift society as a whole.。

英语翻译练习全球经济第3部分

英语翻译练习全球经济第3部分今天这篇非常简单，不过一些细节还是值得看看，中文的一些语气词，比如还, 仅，还是不可或缺的。

添点佐料，毛姆在《月亮与六便士》的一句话:By a lucky chance it excited attention, and various persons sought my acquaintance.(Somerset Maugham, The Moon and Sixpence, Chapter III)由于偶然的因缘这本书引起了人们的注意，不少人想要同我结识。

注意这里的excited，是不是比 get, bring, attach 等更生动？后续可能会穿插一些CATTI 的东西，准备备考，最近开始看2021 政府报告，有点意思，后面会整理一些发出来分享给大家一起学习。

原文本文出自美国大使的一篇演讲词。

The U.S. and China both demonstrate the potential of trade to improve the lives of our people. You know better than I the great achievements of the Chinese economy over the past two decades. In 1977, the sum total of Chinese imports and exports was less than 15 billion dollars, putting China's share of world trade at 0.6 percent. The most populous country in the world, China ranked a distant 30th among exporting nations. By 1993 China's exports and imports totaled nearly $200 billion. China had become the world's tenth largest exporter.逐句对比比较自己的翻译和庄绎传先生的, 学习差异所在.The U.S. and China both demonstrate the potential of tradeto improve the lives of our people.our people我翻译的狭隘了。