研究生英语阅读教程(基础级3版)课后习题整理

A.选择题1. There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______ from the farming community.A. straightforwardlyB. notablyC. virtuallyD. exceptionally2. The ______ view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominantB. credulousC. inclusiveD. sustainable3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most ___ ofA. toughB. demandingC. diverseD. benign4. The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudiceB. verificationC. verdictD. punishment5. They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.A. sizeableB. adverseC. beneficialD. consequential6. The UN threatened to ______ economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.A. engageB. pursueC. abandonD. invoke7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new ______ and the old government.A. regimeB. hegemonyC. complexD. federation8. These questions ______ a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.A. evolveB. constituteC. tolerateD. aroused9. Because of this, a strong administrative ______ was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.A. apparatusB. constitutionC. insistenceD. promotion10. I learnt that there are no genuinely ______ animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.A. endangeredB. domesticatedC. indigenousD. extinct1. The demise (death) of the industry has caused untold misery to thousands of hard-working (diligent) tradesmen.A. sizeB. expansionC. developmentD. termination2. There were difficulties for her about making the whole surgery financially viable (feasible) and eventually (finally) she left.A. practicableB. sufficientC. deficientD. impractical3. Learning some basic information about preparing and delivering (~ a speech) formal presentations can help allay (relieve/ reduce) some of the fear involved in public speaking.A. easeB. expressC. preventD. dispose4. Whatever the cause (may be), the incident could easily cripple (damage/ paralyze) the peace talks.A. influenceB. damageC. endD. complicate (a./ vt.)5. Government can and must provide opportunity, not smother it; foster (develop/ cultivate) productivity, not stifle it.A. retainB. repressC. crashD. abandon6. He listened keenly to his guests, treated what he heard with complete discretion and never said a malicious word.A. dishearteningB. sympatheticC. harshD. polite7. After the summit (peak) meeting, peace reigned throughout the region once more (again).A. emergedB. continuedC. dominatedD. resumed (restore)8. There are many people who still find the act of abortion abhorrent (disgusting/ horrible/ terrible).A. shockingB. tolerableC. uncontrollableD. distasteful (disgusting)9. The police have got the evidence to sue him, which is shot with a miniature (hidden) camera.A. smallB. digitalC. concealedD. sophisticated10. The chief [chef=cook] has assembled (collected) 300 tantalizing (attractive) recipes for all occasions and lifestyles, plus down to earth (=practical) advice on matching food with wine.A. disturbingB. temptingC. promisingD. offending1. I advocate (vt./n.) a (whole->) holistic recognition that biology and culture interpenetrate in an inextricable manner (way).A. complicatedB. unavoidableC. customaryD. incomprehensible2. The (Rome-> romance) romantic painting movement introduced a taste for the mysterious as well as (=and) a love of the picturesque and sublime nature.A. immenseB. fascinatingC. magnificentD. enchanting3. One important feature (property/ character; feature story专题报道) of the period was the growth (development) of Buddhism. Its adherents honored the Buddha in order to be reborn in his paradise (heaven).A. sponsorsB. supportersC. advocatorsD. advisors4. As censorship was extremely strict in that period, little authentic news came out of the country (Churchill: iron-curtain country).A. negativeB. disastrousC. officialD. reliable5. If a block of wood is completely immersed in water, the upward force is greater than the weight of the wood.A. dippedB. pressedC. forcedD. pushed6. According to Zhuangzi, a Daoist (道家) philosopher of the late 4th century B.C., through mystical (unite->) union with the Dao the individual could transcend nature and even life and death.A. dissolveB. upraiseC. surpassD. depress7. As (when) economic growth ground to a halt (stop), the local populations grew (became) more and more disaffected.A. indifferentB. resentfulC. unvaluedD. indignant8. (capital penalty死刑) Capitalism was beset (be troubled) by (circle->)cycles (->recycle) of "boom and bust", periods of expansion and prosperity followed by economic collapse [->collapsible] and waves of unemployment. [beheaded= killed]A. failureB. transitionC. lossD. depression9. At that time (=then), life was nearly as taxing (burdensome/ tiring) for all-black bands: black musicians were required to use kitchen (restaurant) entrances and service elevators (=lift; escalator), which forced them to confront the ugly realities of racial discrimination. [Hard Times]A. miserableB. hardC. unbearableD. harsh10. Modern and implicit censorship has nothing like the power of the old system and contrary opinion is never entirely stifled.A. releasedB. arrestedC. retardedD. prohibitedB.选恰当1. Choose the hest word or expression from the list given for each Honk Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.point up by and large take in descent for good or illleave aside crystal clear die out endanger lay... at the door of1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact (influence) of more intimate computers for good or ill, in various areas of human life.2. Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.3. This case gave the example of breaking someone's arm: that is a really serious injury, but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim's life.4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is (i.e./ namely), of mixed European and African descent.5. This debate is important because it points up (stress/ emphasize) that "the facts" are not necessarily as simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem.6. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life.7. But since agriculture forms the basis (base) of our industry, it was, by and large (on the whole), also an intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.8. Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and conditions of service and concentrate on (focus on) manpower management.(relate A to B)9. It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal clear: it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out.5.Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.predisposed to decode wreak havoc compromise malfunctionat one's fingertips usher in discriminate toxic customize1. You have to admit how wonderful the service center is — it just puts anything you may possibly need at your fingertips!2. He belonged to a generation that took it for granted that after the war a brave new world was to be ushered in (be led to somewhere).3. We must understand the double language used today and carefully decode its meaning.4. The civil war has wrought havoc on the economy.5. The government's future may be plunged (dive) into jeopardy (danger) unless the coalition () partners manage to (try to) reach a compromise. [win-win situation]6. This heat can cause certain circuit-board components to malfunction or fail altogether.7. Evidence showed the herbs were not toxic (poisonous) and did not contain poisons or common drugs.8. It was alleged (claimed) that the restaurant discriminated against black customers. [Negro]9. Some people are genetically predisposed (inclined to do sth.) to cancers.10. You are in charge of your own schedule (plan/ timetable) and can customize that schedule to fit your own training needs. [(1)charge sb with sth.=accuse sb. of sth.; (2)~a battery; (3) be in charge of sth.(4)~ sb. some money]6.Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.in control of within the framework variables it turns out on papertake away from once in a while trade... for make sense take heart1. The most famous (<->eminent) private boarding schools are open to the public on paper, but in reality are attended by those who can afford (=pay for) the fees (->fare). [(1)boarder房客/border; (2) 边界]2. She loved her dog so much that after years of its death she still thinks of it once in a while (now and then/ occasionally).3. An (equal: a./ vi.~to sth.) equation is said to be satisfied for certain values of the variables if the expression on the left side of the equation is equal to that on the right side. (->equator)4. The Commission (->committee) was to formulate plans for establishing an international control organ (organization) within the framework of the Security Council. [city council]5. He lost his confidence after he lost the first two (try->) trials, but his coach told him to take heart (<->lose one’s heart), so that he could win at last.6. His (refuse->)refusal to accept the prize does not takes away from his success in writing it.7. The presentation of his paper (oral presentation) was highly praised, but it turned out that the paper was copied from the Internet. [think great/ much of sb./ think highly of sb.<->think little of sb./ look down upon sb.; Turn out: (1)The police turned out to the site of the crime; (2)The produce or product the factory/the farm turned out; (3) It has been proved that…;]8. Maria has read it for four times, but the letter still doesn't make sense to her. [She doesn’t understand it; French: It’s Chinese.是天书].9. Susan was in control of (in charge of sth.) the meeting, and after singing and prayer (n.) she introduced a strange friend from America (the US/the U.S.).10. The early (settle: vi./vt.) settlers (settlement) traded copper for corn from natives. [to settle in somewhere/ ~ an argument][scorn=look down (up)on sb.]C.完形填空1.ClozeThere are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank.A simplified form of the English language based on 850 key words was developed in the late 1920s by the English psychologist Charles Kay Ogden and 1 by the English educator I. A. Richards. Known as Basic English, it was used mainly to teach English to non-English-speaking persons and 2 as an international language. The complexities of English spelling and grammar, however, were major 3 to the adoption of Basic English as a second language.The fundamental principle of Basic English was that any idea, 4 complex, may be reduced to simple units of thought and expressed clearly by a limited number of everyday words. The 850-wordprimary vocabulary was 5 600 nouns (representing things or events), 150 adjectives (for qualities and _6 ), and 100 general "operational" words, mainly verbs and prepositions. Almost all the words were in7 use in English-speaking countries. More than 60 percent of them were one-syllable words. The basic vocabulary was created 8 by eliminating 9 the use of 18 "basic" verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be. Numerous words which have the same or similar meanings and by verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be. These verbs were generally combined with prepositions, such as up, among, under, in, and forward. For example, a Basic English student would use the expression “go up”10 "ascend".1. A. created B. publicized C. invented D. operated2. A. proved B. provided C. projected D. promoted3. A. advantages B. objections C. obstacles D. facileties4. A. however B. whatever C. wherever D. whenever5. A. comprised of B. made of C. composed of D. constituted of6. A. personalities B. properties C. preferences D. perceptions7. A. common B. ordinary C. average D. nonprofessional8. A. in all B. at times C. for good D. in part9. A. experiencing B. exchanging C. excluding D. extending10. A. in spite of B. in favor of C. instead of D. in case ofA U.S. company says [sez] they have developed pigs with organs 1 for use in human transplant operations. They are the first pigs 2 engineered to keep their organs from being 3 by humans.The researchers believe their work is the best hope for people 4 an organ transplant operation. More than seventy-thousand people in the United States alone need 5 an operation to replace organs that 6 work. Scientists consider (think) pigs to be the best animals to provide organs for people. This is because the organs are 7 .The company has developed pigs of different 8 . The first four genetically engineered pigs were born in September and October last year. The pigs are smaller than normal. The five other pigs are 9 normal size. They were born in December. The company says it wants to use the pigs as part of its program (project) to 10 a cure for patients with heart disease.1. A. detailed B. denoted C. desired D. designed2. A. genetically B. generally C. especially D. essentially3. A. eliminated B. discarded C. rejected D. abandoned4. A. serving on B. contributing to C. waiting for D. associating with5. A. thus B. this C. so D. such6. A. not B. no longer C. not more D. no other7. A. similar B. familiar C. identical (=same) D. unique8. A. shapes B. types C. sizes D. sorts9. A. off B. of C. for D. from10. A. see B. seem C. size D. seek6.ClozeThere are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose theright word or phrase from the list given below for each of the blanks. Change the form if necessary.supposed to be unless all too often which externalthoroughly that on the other hand in return ironicallyAlthough, as we have seen, people generally long to leave their places of work and get home, ready to put their hard-earned free time to good use , 1 all too often they have no idea what to do there. 2 Ironically , jobs are actually easier to enjoy than free time, because like flow activities they have built-in goals, feedback, rules and challenges, all of 3 which encourage one to become involved in one's work, to concentrate and lose oneself in it. Free time, 4 on the other hand, is unstructured, and requires much greater effort to be shaped into something that can be enjoyed. Hobbies that demand skill, habits that set goals and limits, personal interests, and especially inner discipline, help to make leisure (free time) what it is 5 supposed to be chance for "re-creation" . But on the whole people miss the opportunity to enjoy leisure even more 6 thoroughly than they do with working time. It is in the improvident use of our leisure time, I suspect, 7 that the greatest wastes of American life occur.Mass leisure, mass culture, arid even high culture when only attended to passively and for 8 external Reasons —such as the wish to display one's status —are parasites of the mind. They absorb psychic energy without providing substantive strength 9 in return. They leave us more exhausted, more disheartened than we were before. 10 Unless a person takes charge of them, both work and free time are likely to be disappointing. Most jobs and many leisure activities — especially those involving the passive consumption of mass media — are not designed to make us happy and strong, or to make us learn to enjoy our work.D.中翻英、英翻中判断正误Lesson 1II. Translation Put the following passages into Chinese.1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。