供应链管理第十章供应链的库存管理习题(含答案)

供应链管理试题及答案

供应链管理试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 供应链管理的核心目标是什么？A. 成本最小化B. 服务最大化C. 客户满意度D. 以上都是答案：D2. 供应链管理的五大流程不包括以下哪一项？A. 采购B. 生产C. 销售D. 人力资源管理答案：D3. 供应链中的“牛鞭效应”是指什么？A. 供应链中信息失真的现象B. 供应链中库存积压的现象C. 供应链中物流延迟的现象D. 供应链中成本增加的现象答案：A4. 供应链管理中，以下哪个指标用于衡量库存的周转速度？A. 库存周转率B. 订单满足率C. 供应链响应时间D. 供应链总成本答案：A5. 供应链管理中，以下哪个不是供应商关系管理的关键要素？A. 供应商选择B. 供应商评估C. 供应商培训D. 供应商库存管理答案：D6. 在供应链管理中，以下哪个不是供应链网络设计的关键考虑因素？A. 成本B. 风险C. 客户服务水平D. 产品生命周期答案：D7. 供应链管理中，以下哪个不是供应链整合的潜在好处？A. 提高效率B. 降低成本C. 增加库存D. 提高客户满意度答案：C8. 供应链中的“3PL”指的是什么？A. 第三方物流B. 第三方采购C. 第三方生产D. 第三方销售答案：A9. 供应链管理中，以下哪个不是供应链风险管理的关键步骤？A. 风险识别B. 风险评估C. 风险转移D. 风险消除答案：D10. 在供应链管理中，以下哪个不是供应链战略的关键组成部分？A. 供应链结构B. 供应链流程C. 供应链技术D. 供应链文化答案：D二、判断题（每题1分，共10分）1. 供应链管理就是物流管理。

（×）2. 供应链管理的目的是实现供应链中所有成员的共赢。

（√）3. 供应链管理只关注内部流程，不涉及外部供应商和客户。

（×）4. 供应链管理可以提高企业的竞争力。

（√）5. 供应链管理中，供应商关系管理只关注成本控制。

（×）6. 供应链管理中的“牛鞭效应”可以通过信息共享来缓解。

供应链管理习题库及参考答案

供应链管理习题库及参考答案1.供应链是生产及流通过程中，由上游与下游企业共同建立的网链状组织，其英文简写为SCM。

2.供应链管理的目的是既提高服务水平又降低物流总成本。

3.供应链的特征包括动态性、面向用户需求、交叉性，但不包括静态性。

4.供应链不仅是一条连接供应商到用户的物料链、信息链、资金链，而且是一条增值链。

5.商流是货物所有权的转移过程，是在供货商与消费者之间进行的双向流动。

6.供应链是一个网链结构，由围绕核心企业的供应商、供应商的供应商和用户、用户的用户组成。

7.以最低的成本将原材料转化成零部件和成品，并尽量控制供应链中的库存和运输成本，这种供应链属于有效型供应链。

8.在客户市场需求稳定，且生产的产品相对成熟的情况下，效率型供应链更能发挥竞争优势。

9.基于相对稳定、单一的市场需求而形成的供应链，我们称为稳定的供应链。

10.在市场变化加剧情况下，若供应链成本增加，库存增加、浪费增加时，企业不能在最优状态下运作，此时的供应链是倾斜供应链。

11.当企业订购的产品数量大、竞争激烈时，合作伙伴选择最适宜的方法是招标法。

12.对于长期合作需求而言，合作伙伴应选择战略性合作伙伴。

13.供应链合作关系特征不包括供应链的动态性。

1.供应链的有效运营需要考虑灵敏度、应变能力、精简、柔性和协调等方面。

2.简洁性原则是供应链设计的重要原则之一，每个节点都应该精简、具有活力，并能够快速组合业务流程以快速响应市场。

3.功能性产品和创新性产品是按市场需求模式分类的两种产品类型，钢铁属于功能性产品。

4.平均缺货率高不属于功能性产品的特征。

5.边际贡献率5％－20％、产品生命周期为3个月－1年、平均缺货率10％－40％属于功能型产品的特征。

6.季末降价率高属于创新型产品的特征。

7.在为企业寻找有效的供应链前，需要确定市场需求、企业供应链类型和业务战略，并使它们相匹配和相适应，以实现产品和供应链的有效组合。

8.产品生命周期引入期的供应链策略之一是高频率、小批量的发货。

采购与供应链管理习题库10第十章习题及参考答案

同步测试一、单项选择题1.供应链绩效评价指标是基于( )的绩效评价指标。

AA.业务流程B.工作C.供应链D.企业2.( )是供应链管理的重要内容,对于衡量供应链目标的实现程度及提供经营决策支持都具有十分重要的意义。

CA.KPIB.绩效评价C.供应链绩效评价D.业绩评价3.（）作为评估目前绩效的基础，是相当正确、有效的做法。

AA.历史绩效B.预算或标准绩效C.行业平均绩效D.目标绩效4.当一个小公司的采购部门，无论是组织、职责或人员等，均没有重大变动的情况下，比较适合使用以下哪种采购绩效评估标准（）。

AA.历史绩效标准B,预算标准C,行业平均标准D,国际最先进标准5.外部绩效衡量主要是对供应链上的( )状况的评价。

DA.企业外部B.供应链之间C.企业内部D.企业之间运行6.产销率越接近1，说明资源利用程度越( )。

CA.好B差. C.高 D.低7.采购人员的工作效率是用( )来衡量的。

DA.数量指标B.时间指标C.价格绩效指标D.采购效率指标8.采购主管必须具备对( )工作绩效进行评估的能力。

AA.采购人员B.管理人员C.运输人员D.人事员工9.下列选项不属于运作指标的是（）。

BA.交货周期B.付款方式C.交货可靠性D.采购运作的表现10.公司要求某项特定产品的采购成本降低5％，当设定的期限一到，即评估实际的成果是否高于或低于5％，并就此成果给予采购人员适当的惩罚。

这体现了（）工作绩效评估的方式。

BA.不定期B.定期C.短期D.长期二、多项选择题1.供应链绩效评价的范围是（）。

ABDA.内部绩效B.外部绩效C.供应链整体D.供应链综合绩效2.供应链绩效评价的特点( )。

ABCA.侧重于供应链的整体绩效评估B.基于业务流程的绩效评价C.供应链绩效评价难度较大D.单个企业的绩效评价3.供应链绩效评价内容包括( )。

BCDA.供应链业务衡量B.内部绩效衡量C.外部绩效衡量D.供应链综合绩效衡量4. 内部绩效的衡量包括成本、生产率和（）BCA.交货期B.客户服务C.质量D.资产5.下列（）是反映整个供应链业务流程的绩效评价指标。

供应链管理习题答案

供应链管理习题答案供应链管理习题答案供应链管理是现代企业运营中至关重要的一环。

它涉及到从原材料采购到最终产品交付的整个流程，包括供应商选择、物流运输、库存管理等各个环节。

在实践中，供应链管理面临着各种挑战和问题，需要通过有效的策略和方法来解决。

下面将针对几个供应链管理习题给出相应的答案和解析。

习题一：如何选择供应商？答案：选择供应商是供应链管理中关键的一步。

首先，企业应该明确自己的需求和要求，包括质量、价格、交货时间等方面。

然后，通过市场调研和供应商评估，筛选出符合要求的候选供应商。

最后，通过实地考察和合同谈判，选择最合适的供应商。

习题二：如何优化物流运输？答案：物流运输是供应链管理中的一个重要环节。

为了优化物流运输，企业可以采取以下策略。

首先，合理规划物流网络，选择合适的仓储和配送中心。

其次，优化运输路线，减少运输时间和成本。

再次，使用信息技术来跟踪和管理货物的运输过程，提高运输效率和准确性。

习题三：如何管理库存？答案：库存管理是供应链管理中的一个重要环节。

有效的库存管理可以降低成本，提高客户满意度。

为了管理库存，企业可以采取以下措施。

首先，建立准确的需求预测模型，避免库存过剩或缺货。

其次，优化订货策略，合理控制订货量和订货时间。

再次，使用先进的库存管理技术，如ABC分类法和定期盘点等，提高库存管理效率。

习题四：如何应对供应链风险？答案：供应链管理面临各种风险，如自然灾害、供应商倒闭等。

为了应对供应链风险，企业可以采取以下策略。

首先，建立供应链风险管理体系，包括风险评估、风险监控和风险应对等方面。

其次，与供应商建立紧密的合作关系，共同应对风险。

再次，建立备份供应商和备用物流渠道，以应对突发情况。

习题五：如何评估供应链绩效？答案：评估供应链绩效是衡量供应链管理效果的重要指标。

为了评估供应链绩效，企业可以采取以下方法。

首先，建立供应链绩效指标体系，包括交货时间、库存周转率、客户满意度等方面。

其次，收集和分析相关数据，进行绩效评估和比较。

供应链库存管理考核试卷

2.安全库存是为了应对需求波动和供应链不确定性而设置的额外库存。（）
3. JIT（准时制）生产方式要求供应商与制造商之间的物流配送尽可能频繁。（）
4.供应链协同的主要目的是降低采购成本和运输成本。（）
5.在ABC库存分类法中，A类物品通常是价值高、需求量大的物品。（）
6.供应链中所有环节的信息共享可以完全消除牛鞭效应。（）
C.库存准确率
D.订单履行率
16.在供应链中，哪些情况下需要采用预防性库存策略？（）
A.供应不稳定
B.需求波动大
C.交货时间长
D.产品生命周期短
17.以下哪些是供应链协同的主要挑战？（）
A.信息共享障碍
B.供应链文化差异
C.技术支持不足
D.合作伙伴信任问题
18.以下哪些策略有助于降低供应链的运输成本？（）
A.满足客户需求的百分比
B.库存占销售成本的比例
C.库存周转率
D.库存与销售额的比率
13.以下哪个不是库存优化策略？（）
A.需求预测
B.安全库存设置
C.库存合并
D.价格优化
14.在供应链管理中，什么是库存积压？（）
A.库存水平低于安全库存
B.库存水平高于最大库存
C.库存水平正常
D.库存无法及时满足需求
A.增加安全库存
B.提高运输频率
C.采用JIT（准时制）生产
D.扩大仓库面积
8.以下哪个指标不属于库存周转率？（）
A.销售额
B.平均库存
C.销售成本
D.存货成本
9.在供应链中，什么是VMI（供应商管理库存）？（）
A.供应商根据需求预测提前备货
B.供应商定期检查库存并补货
C.供应商与制造商共享库存信息

《供应链管理》习题答案

习题目录第1章绪论 (1)第2章供应链的设计和构建 (4)第3章供应链管理方法 (9)第4章供应链合作伙伴关系管理 (11)第5章供应链采购管理 (13)第6章供应链库存管理 (17)第7章供应链物流管理 (19)第8章供应链风险管理 (21)第9章供应链绩效管理 (23)第1章绪论【习题答案】1．选择题（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）A（5）B（6）C（7）D（8）A（9）C2．简答题（1）供应链的概念。

答：供应链是指围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的网链结构和模式。

（2）供应链包括哪4个流程？答：供应链一般包括物资流通、商业流通、信息流通、资金流通4个流程。

（3）简述推式供应链和拉式供应链的优缺点。

答：推式供应链的优点：能够稳定供应链的生产符合，提高机器设备利用率，缩短提前期，增加交货可能性。

缺点：需要有较多的原材料、在制品和制成品库存，库存占用的流动资金较大，当市场需求发生变化时，企业应变能力较弱。

拉式供应链的的优点：大大降低各类库存和流动资金占用，减少库存变质和失效的风险。

缺点：将面对能否及时获取资源和及时交货以满足市场需求的风险。

（4）供应链有哪些特征？答：供应链有4个主要特性：复杂性、动态性、用户需求驱动性及交叉性。

（5）陈述供应链管理的概念。

答：供应链由原材料零部件供应商、生产商、批发经销商、用户、运输商等一系列企业组成。

原材料零部件依次通过“链”中的每个企业，逐步变成产品，产品再通过一系列流通配送环节，最后交到最终用户手中，这一系列的活动就构成了一个完整供应链的全部活动。

（6）供应链管理的主要内容有哪几方面？答：供应链管理的主要内容有：物流网络职能管理、物流信息流管理、供应链流程管理以及供应链关系管理。

（7）简述推拉式供应链管理模式的内涵及其包含哪两种模式。

供应链管理习试题库和参考题答案解析

供应链运作管理部分习题库一、单项选择题1.（）是生产及流通过程中，为了将产品或服务交付给最终用户，由上游与下游企业共同建立的网链状组织。

AA．供应链 B.合作伙伴 C.联盟组织 D.供应链管理2. 供应链管理的英文简写为：（）。

CA. SSTB. SCC. SCMD. CIMS3. 供应链管理目的：（）。

AA. 既提高服务水平又降低物流总成本B. 在于提高服务水平C. 在于降低物流总成本D. 以上答案都不是4. 供应链特征中不包含的因素有( C )。

A．动态性B．面向用户需求C．静态性D．交叉性5. 供应链不仅是一条连接供应商到用户的物料链、信息链、资金链，而且是一条( )。

DA．加工链B．运输链C．分销链D．增值链6. 商流是货物所有权的转移过程，是在供货商与消费者之间进行的( )流动。

AA．双向B．价值C．单向D．信息7. 供应链是一个网链结构，由围绕( )的供应商、供应商的供应商和用户、用户的用户组成。

DA．主要B．最终用户C．一级D．核心企业8. 以最低的成本将原材料转化成零部件和成品，并尽量控制供应链中的库存和运输成本，这种供应链属（）。

CA. 平衡的供应链B. 反应型供应链C. 有效型供应链D. 稳定的供应链9. 选择恰当的供应链战略对企业发展非常重要，在客户市场需求稳定，且生产的产品相对成熟的情况下，哪种供应链更能发挥竞争优势：（）。

DA. 响应型供应链B. 拉动式供应链C. 动态的供应链D. 效率型供应链10. 基于相对稳定、单一的市场需求而形成的供应链，我们称为（）。

AA. 稳定的供应链B. 动态的供应链C. 平衡的供应链D. 倾斜的供应链11. 在市场变化加剧情况下，若供应链成本增加，库存增加、浪费增加时，企业不能在最优状态下运作，此时的供应链是：（）。

DA. 稳定供应链B. 反应供应链C. 平衡供应链D. 倾斜供应链12. 当企业订购的产品数量大、竞争激烈时，合作伙伴选择最适宜的方法是（）。

(完整版)供应链管理试题及答案.doc

三、名词解释供应链 - --- 是围绕企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品运送到消费者手中，将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构模式。

吸脂性定价 --- 是建立高价位并吸收所有市场需求曲线上端顾客的策略。

独立需求 --- 是来自于外部客户或市场的需求，不能直接从其他产品需求中派生出来。

安全库存 --- 是指当不确定因素已导致更高的预期需求或导致完成周期更长时的缓冲存货，安全库存用于满足提前期需求。

有效顾客响应 --- 是应用于食品行业，分销商和供应商为消除系统中不必要的成本和费用，给客户带来更大效益而进行密切合作的一种供应链管理方法。

供应链管理--- 是同一供应链上的所有节点企业，包括供应商、分销商、零售商等，将所处的供应链中的各种资源进行集成，并对供应链中的各种动作进行同步化、集中化管理，从而形成高度竞争力，使得该供应链的产品在快速多变的市场中处于优势地们的一种管理模式。

渗透性定价 --- 是指最初以低价进入新市场而获取更大的市场占有率的策略。

派分需求 --- 是指要在发货点派分某种货物或某项服务的需求和提前期。

第三方物流 --- 是指物流的实际需求方和物流的实际供给方之外的第三方，它部分或全部利用第二方的资源，通过合约向第一方提供物流服务，它是业务外包在物流业务中的具体表现。

客户关系管理--- 是一种以客户为中心的管理思想和经营理念，目的在于改善企业与客户之间的关系，在企业的市场、销售、服务与技术支持等与客户相关的领域中广泛实施，通过为不同类型的客户定制不同的服务，吸引和保持更多的客户。

现代物流管理 -- 是指将信息、运输、库存、仓储、搬运以及包装等系列物流活动综合起来的一种新型的集成式管理，他的目的在于以最低成本为顾客提供最好的服务。

牛鞭效应 -- 由于供应链的信息流从末端向源端传递时，信息扭曲会逐级放大，导致需求信息的波动越来越大。

供应链管理(第5版)课后习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案第一章、供应链管理导论1.供应链的结构特征是什么？将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。

2.何谓供应链管理？简述供应链管理与传统企业管理的区别和联系。

供应链管理就是使以核心企业为中心的供应链运作达到最优化，以最低的成本，另供应链从采购开始，到满足最终用户的所有过程，包括工作流、实物流、信息流、资金流等均高效率运作，把合适的产品，以合理的价格，及时准确的送到消费者手中。

区别：①传统企业的运营思想是生产是为了销售，而供应链企业运营的思想是按订单准时生产、快速响应客户需求②传统企业的管理手段是控制库存、降低库存成本，而供应链管理的手段是供应链企业协同创新、共创价值③传统企业提高生产效率的主要方法是扩大批量、增加规模效应，而供应链企业提高效率的主要方法是提升企业的柔性和敏捷性联系：供应链管理主要是以物流运行作为流程的，是开放性的，传统企业只是供应链管理中的一个环节，是闭环的。

3.供应链管理的关键在于实现企业内部及企业之间资源的集成。

从这个角度，分析互联网在供应链管理中的重要地位。

从管理难度的角度：现在的客户关系管理、企业资源计划等系统使得管理更加容易，尤其是对于一些全球性企业和跨区域企业从效率的角度：通过IT系统，从客户需求到计划、采购、生产、运输等供应链的整个过程更加迅速、高效。

当然也包括上下游企业和核心企业之间的沟通。

从成本的角度：管理难度下降，效率提升，这实际上降低了企业的成本4.电子商务将成为21世纪最主要的商业模式之一，它将对企业传统的业务流程带来巨大变革。

请阐述供应链管理对我国企业成功实施电子商务的重要意义。

基于电子商务的供应链的管理的主要内容涉及订单处理、生产组织、采购管理、运输与配送管理、库存管理、客户服务、支付管理等，供应链管理可促进电子商务的发展，使资源在供应链网络中合理流动，来缩短交货周期、降低库存，并且通过提供自助交易的自助式服务以降低成本，提高速度和精确性，增强企业竞争力。

供应链管理第十章供应链的库存管理习题(含答案)

供应链管理第十章供应链的库存管理习题（含答案）第十章供应链的库存管理习题一、单项选择题1、（C）是指对库存物料和仓库设施及其布局等进行规划、控制的活动，衔接供应与需求。

A运输管理B采购管理C仓储管理D配送管理2、（A）可以为企业树立良好形象A自有仓库仓储B租赁仓库仓储C第三方仓储D联合库存管理3、（C）对物流活动失去直接控制A自有仓库仓储B租赁仓库仓储C第三方仓储D联合库存管理4、（B）可以根据市场需求变化选择仓库的租用面积与地点A自有仓库仓储B租赁仓库仓储C第三方仓储D联合库存管理5、以下不属于库存缺点的是（C）A占用企业大量资金B增加了企业的产品成本与管理成本C降低运输成本D掩盖了企业众多管理问题6、（B）强调在准时生产方式下，上下游工序之间的原材料在时间、数量等方面的合理匹配，也就是在恰当的时间提供恰当的原材料。

A零库存B准时制库存C供应商管理库存D联合库存7、一般来讲，对于（A）需要重点管理，严格控制其库存量。

A、A类物资B、B类物资C、C类物资D不能确定8、某仓库某种商品年需求量为16000箱，单位商品年保管费2元，每次订货成本为40元，则其经济订货批量Q某为（D）A、200B、400C、600D、8009、某仓库A商品年需求量为16000箱，单位商品年保管费用为20元，每次订货成本为400元，假设一年的工作日为360天则经济订货周期T某为（B）天。

A、15B、18C、24D、2810、某仓库A商品订货周期18天，平均订货提前期3天，平均库存需求量为每天120箱，安全库存量360箱,则该仓库A商品最高库存量为（C）A、1280B、1680C、2880D、188011、上题中的仓库，在某次订货时在途到货量600箱，实际库存量1500箱，待出库货物数量500箱，则该次订货时的订货批量（A）。

A、1280B、1680C、2880D、188012、（C）是指供应链成员企业共同制定库存计划，并实施库存控制的供应链库存管理方式，它是一种风险共担的库存管理模式。

供应链环境下的库存管理习题

第十章供应链环境下的库存管理一、单项选择题（1）波动库存是指（）。

A.由于物料必须从益处移动到另一处而产生的库存B.以大于目前所需要的数量来获得物品造成的库存C.由于不能准确预测销售数量、生产数量和时机而持有的库存D.为了迎接一个高峰销售季节，一次市场推广计划或一次工厂停产期而预先建立的库存（2）批量库存是指（）。

A.由于物料必须从益处移动到另一处而产生的库存B.以大于目前所需要的数量来获得物品造成的库存C.由于不能准确预测销售数量、生产数量和时机而持有的库存D.为了迎接一个高峰销售季节，一次市场推广计划或一次工厂停产期而预先建立的库存（3）假设有一种产品，每年生产12批次，每批1000件，库存每个月将收货500件，如果能够均匀的使用这些产品，则现有平均库存为（）。

A.250件B.500件C.600件D.1000件（4）VMI与传统的EDI订货之间的最大区别是（）。

A.VMI订货数量由零售商确定B.VMI模式下供应商确定合适补充库存以及补充数量C.被动的等待零售商发出的订单D.传统的EDI订货数量有供应商确定（5）供应商管理库存体现的管理思想是（）。

A.供应链的集成化管理B.供应链的分散化管理C.企业独立管理库存的思想D.企业共同管理库存的思想二、多项选择题（1）广义的库存可以理解为（）。

A.在仓库中处于暂时停滞状态的物资B.用于将来的目的而暂时处于闲置状态的物资C.资源停滞的位置可以在仓库、生产线上或车间里D.资源的闲置状态可能由任何原因引起E.资源闲置的位置也可能在非仓库的任何位置（2）根据资源需求的重复程度库存可分为（）。

A.单周期库存B.多周期库存C.波动库存D.预期库存E.屏障库存（3）库存按功能可分为（）。

A.波动库存B.预期库存C.批量库存D.运输库存E.屏障库存（4）下列关于多周期库存描述正确的是（）。

A.也叫一次性订货B.在长时间内需求反复发生，需要不断补充库存C.可分为独立需求库存和相关需求库存两种形态D.具有物品生命周期短和偶发性的需求特征E.很少重复订货三、名词解释（1）平均库存（2）安全库存（3）循环库存（4）库存周转率（5）供应商管理库存（VMI）（6）联合库存管理（JMI）四、简答题（1）库存过多产生哪些方面的不利影响？（2）循环库存的主要作用是什么？（3）简述库存管理的主要衡量指标。

第十章供应链管理方法补充习题

• 19.ERP系统实施过程中难度最大的环节是（）。 • A.知识更新 B.规范数据 • C.机构重组 D.理论培训 • 20.ERP应用成功的前提是（）。 • A.系统运行全部模块 • B.企业必须实施业务流程重组，使企业业务处理流程趋于合理化 • C.在财务部门和生产部门应用ERP软件 • D.领导重视
• 3.实施QR成功的条件是（）。 • A.改变传统的经营方式、企业经营意识和组织结构 • B.开发和应用现代信息处理技术 • C.与供应链各方建立战略伙伴关系 • D.充分的信息共享 • E.供应方必须缩短生产周期，降低商品库存 • • 4.ECR提出供应链的四个核心要素，分别是（）。 • A.有效的店铺空间安排 • B.有效的商品补货 • C.有效的商品促销 • D.有效的新产品导入 • E.有效的产品营销方式
• 13.回顾我国的MRPII/ERP的应用和发展过程，大致可划分为三个阶段，分别是（）。 • A.萌芽期 B.启动期 • C.成长期 D.发展期 • E.成熟期 • • 14.ERP实施中的风险主要有（）。 • A.硬件风险 B.软件风险 • C.实施风险 D.转变风险 • E.成功风险
• 15.中国ERP管理软件市场的现状是（）。 • A.国内软件厂商为主导 B.国外软件厂商为主导 • C.国内软件企业纷纷参战 D.国外软件企业纷纷参战 • E.国内和国外软件厂商五五分成 • • 16.在实施ERP之前，企业需要做好的准备工作是（）。 • A.知识更新 B.规范数据 • C.机构重组 D.全体动员 • E.理论培训
• （）6.传统的ECR在实施后，只对部分企业有利，而不能达到“共赢”。 • • （）7.QR和ECR都重视供应链的核心业务，对业务进行重新设计，以消除资源的浪费。 • • （）8.从本质上来说，ECR是QR的第二阶段，是QR在食品行业中的创新。 • • （）9.商品分类管理是ECR的核心组成部分。 • • （）10.原则上，在对商品进行分类时，要以是否方便企业来进行。 • • （）11.国外的MRPII软件不适合中国的国情和厂情。

供应链管理习题和答案

专科物流专业供应链管理练习题姓名学号班级练习题一1. 供应链运行绩效的评估A．涉及到的是供应链上的部分企业 B．涉及到了供应链上所有的企业；C．只涉及到核心企业 D．只与上下游企业之间有关系;2.下列不属于供应链环境管理下的库存问题的是A、侧重于优化单一的库存成本B、供应链的战略与规划问题C、供应链的运作问题D、信息类问题3.不属于产品生命周期的是哪个A.计划期B.成长期C.成熟期D.衰退期4.供应链合作伙伴关系的主要目的是A.缩短采购提前期,提高供货的柔性B.加快资金周转C.通过缩短供应链总周期,达到降低成本和提高质量的目的D.减少供应商数目5．指超越一家一户的以一个社会为范畴面向社会为目的的物流;A. 宏观物流B.社会物流C. 微观物流D.企业物流6.下列不属于QR对厂商的优点的是A. 更好的为顾客服务B. 降低了费用C. 生产计划准确D.增加了收入7、下列不是供应链特性的是A.供应链是交错链状的网络结构;B.供应链是企业的主体部分;C.供应链是一条增值链;D.供应链的网络结构是由顾客需求拉动的;8、属于多级库存优化与控制的方法有A.减少成本B.中心化集中式策略C.改进服务质量D.获得更多的市场信息9．TOC理论对供应链的启迪是企业的经营业绩应该是加强链条中 ;A．最强的一环 B.最薄弱的一环C.所有环节D.部分环节10. 建立战略合作关系的第一步必须明确战略关系对于企业的必要性,企业必须评估潜在的A、利益与风险B、成本与风险C、资金与风险D、投资与风险11. 下列不属于供应链环境管理下的库存问题的是A、侧重于优化单一的库存成本B、供应链的战略与规划问题C、供应链的运作问题D、信息类问题12.供应链管理中提到的客户主要是指A、只是指最终的消费者B、与企业内部的部门无关C、可以指代供应链上的每个相关企业和部门D、只指代渠道分销员13.对于供应链下库存管理的方法,以下说法正确的是A、联合库存管理比供应商管理库存的方式更优越B、制造商管理库存体现了战略供应商联盟的新型合作企业合作关系C、联合库存管理体现了战略供应商联盟的新型企业合作关系D、自动库存补充方法体现了战略供应商联盟的新型企业合作关系14.在大多数的跨国公司中,选择供应商的基本准则“”是A、质量、成本、交付与服务并重的原则B、数量、成本、交付与服务并重的原则C、价格、质量、成本与服务并重的原则D、质量、价格、成本与服务并重的原则15.供应链管理的初级阶段,典型的供应链策略主要是指A、企业资源计划与准是制B、高效客户响应和准是制；C、高效客户响应和快速响应D、企业资源计划与快速响应;16.稳定的供应链指的是A、基于相对稳定、单一的市场需求而组成的供应链B、供应链的容量能满足用户需求时的供应链C、体现供应链的市场中介功能D、基于相对频繁变化、复杂的需求组成的动态供应链17.第三方物流服务的成功因素中最主要的是 ;A．可靠性 B．准时性C．快捷性 D．为客户服务18．由供方与需方以外的物流企业提供物流服务的业务模式是 ; A．内部物流 B．第一方物流C．第三方物流 D．军事物流19．目前的供应链系统正在朝着的方向进行改革;A．拉式市场 B．推式市场C．产品中心 D．推拉式市场20．中,会导致“牛鞭效应”;A．拉式市场 B．推式市场C．产品中心 D．推拉式市场A．整体性 B．层次性C．相关性 D．目的性 E．适应性2、供应链管理的作用有哪些A.创造竞争的成本优势B. 创造竞争的收益优势C.创造竞争的时间和空间优越D.创造竞争的整体优势3、基于产品的供应链设计时需考虑的因素有A.产品需求的不确定性B.储存产品仓库的不确定性C.供应链的反应能力D.资金4、供应链的结构模型主要有A、链状的结构模型B、直线型结构模型C、网状的结构模型D、曲线型结构模型5、供应链管理下的采购特点有哪些A.从市场购买转变为外部厂家直接购买B.从采购管理转变转变为外部资源管理C.从为库存而采购转变为为订单而采购D.从一般的买卖关系转变为战略伙伴关系6、供应链的生产外包管理内容包括A.产品价格B.交货数量C.产品质量D.交货期及服务7.绿色供应链的内容包括 ;A．绿色设计 B．绿色采购C．绿色生产 D．绿色物流 E．绿色营销8．横向一体化管理模式的特征有A.生产的核心化B．市场的易扩张化C.组织的柔性化D.利益的多赢化9.有效顾客响应的实现包括的主要信息技术有技术 B.条码技术技术 D.射频技术10.业务流程重组的类型有A.职能内BPRB.职能间BPRC.组织间BPR C.供应链间的BPR三、名词解释20分,每题2分1.供应链2.供应链管理3.价值链4.延迟技术7.牛鞭效应8.安全库存9.联合管理库存2、依据相对于顾客需求的执行顺序,供应链上的所有流程可以分为两类：推动流程和拉动流程;3、供应链管理的实施目标之一是总成本最低化,总成本最低化目标是指运输费用或库存成本;4、供应链之间的竞争实质上是时间竞争;5、供应商在供应链上扮演着一个至关重要的角色,是链中物流的始发点,是资金流的开始,同时又是反馈信息流的终点;6、第四方物流是第三方物流公司为其客户提供一种增值服务,主要是解决物流规划功能外包问题的物流方案.7、从系统开发的角度,客户关系管理是帮助企业以一定的组织方式来管理客户的互联网软件系统;8、MC模式的关键是实现产品标准化和制造柔性化之间的平衡;9、连续性检查的固定订货量、固定订货点策略,即Q, R策略;该策略的基本思想是：对库存进行连续性检查,当库存降低到订货点水平R时,即发出一个订货,每次的订货量要发生变化;10、联合库存管理Joint Managed Inventory,JMI是指由供应商和用户联合管理库存;五、简答题30分,每题6分1．绿色供应链管理和传统的供应链管理的区别体现在哪些方面2.纵向一体化管理模式存在哪些弊端3. 供应链中需求变异放大产生的原因是什么4. 解释零库存的概念和内涵;5. 准时化采购的特点是什么六、案例分析题10分西南仓储公司的管理西南仓储公司是一家地处四川省成都市的国有商业储运公司,随着市场经济的深入发展,原有的业务资源逐渐减少,在企业的生存和发展过程中,也经历了由专业储运公司到非专业储运公司再到专业储运公司的发展历程;在业务资源和客户资源不足的情况下,这个以仓储为主营业务的企业其仓储服务是有什么就储存什么;以前是以五金交电为主,后来也储存过钢材、水泥和建筑涂料等生产资料;这种经营方式解决了企业仓库的出租问题;那么,这家企业是如何发展区域物流的呢专业化当仓储资源又重新得到充分利用的时候,这家企业并没有得到更多利益,经过市场调查和分析研究,这家企业最后确定了立足自己的老本行,发展以家用电器为主的仓储业务;一方面,在家用电器仓储上,加大投入和加强管理,加强与国内外知名家用电器厂商的联系,向这些客户和潜在客户介绍企业确定的面向家用电器企业的专业化发展方向,吸引家电企业进入;另一方面,与原有的非家用电器企业用户协商,建议其转库,同时将自己的非家用电器用户主动地介绍给其他同行;延伸服务在家用电器的运输和使用过程中,不断出现损坏的家用电器,以往,每家生产商都是自己进行维修,办公场所和人力方面的成本很高,经过与用户协商,在得到大多数生产商认可的情况下,这家企业在库内开始了家用电器的维修业务,既解决了生产商的售后服务的实际问题,也节省了维修品往返运输的成本和时间,并分流了企业内部的富余人员,一举两得;多样化除了为用户提供仓储服务之外,这家企业还为一个最大的客户提供办公服务,向这个客户的市场销售部门提供办公场所,为客户提供了前店后厂的工作环境,大大的提高了客户的满意度;区域性物流配送通过几年的发展,企业经营管理水平不断提高,企业内部的资源得到了充分的挖掘,同样,企业的仓储资源和其他资源也已经处于饱和状态,资源饱和了,收入的增加从何而来在国内发展现代物流的形势下,这家企业认识到只有走出库区,走向社会,发展物流,才能提高企业的经济效益,提高企业的实力;发展物流从何处做起经过调查和分析,决定从学习入手,向比自己先进的企业学习,逐步进入现代物流领域;经过多方努力,他们找到一家第三方物流企业,在这个第三方物流企业的指导下,通过与几家当地的运输企业合作外包运输,开始了区域内的家用电器物流配送,为一家跨国公司提供物流服务,现在这家企业的家用电器的物流配送已经覆盖了四川成都市、贵州和云南;问题：1通过案例分析说明现代物流与传统物流的区别2通过分析西南仓储公司向现代物流的转变过程,你认为其转变成功的关键是什么3通过本案例分析,你认为中国目前传统物流企业怎样才能实现向现代物流的转变练习题二产品,以及在供应链中的运输等;A、有效性供应链B、反应性供应链C、稳定供应链D、动态供应链2.企业已经普遍将信息系统业务,在规定的服务水平基础上外包给应用服务提供商ASP,由其管理并提供用户所需要的信息服务;这是属于业务方式;A、研发外包B、生产外包C、脑力资源外包D、应用服务外包3. 不是供应链管理环境下采购的特点;A、为订单而采购B、从采购管理向外部资源管理转变C、为库存而采购D、从一般买卖关系向战略协作伙伴关系转变4.求变异加速放大的原因中, 需求放大的主要原因;A、需求预测修正B、订货批量决策C、价格波动D、短缺博弈5.企业目前工作流程存在的问题中,是由于分工过细造成的问题是A、无人负责整个经营过程,缺乏全心全意为顾客服务的意识B、组织机构臃肿,助长官僚作风C、单一,适应性差D、资源闲置和重复劳动,症结是内部信息纵向和横向沟通不够6.在物流管理组织结构的演变中,试图在一个高层经理的领导下,统一所有的物流功能和运作,目的是对所有原材料和制成品的运输和存储进行战略管理,以使企业产生最大利益;这种组织基本上是属于A、传统物流管理组织结构B、简单功能集合的物流组织形式C、物流功能独立的组织形式D、一体化物流组织形式系统的构建中的在零售环节, 是管理的重点;A、营销技术B、物流技术C、信息技术D、组织革新技术参与电子商务业务的主要身份是A．经营者 B．制造者 C．网站经营者 D．第三方物流9.流服务与成本的关系中,大部分企业普遍存在和被公认的关系是A.在物流服务水平一定的情况下,降低物流成本；B.在提高物流服务水平的同时,增加了物流成本；C.在物流成本一定的情况下,提高了物流服务水平；D.在提高服务水平的同时,降低物流成本;10.决定每一种商品的恰当库存水平,以及维持这些库存水平的恰当策略是11.流的主要特点是前端服务与_____集成;A.后端服务B. 外包服务C.物流服务D.客户服务技术又称及时管理方式,也称零库存管理方式,该技术是由以下哪个汽车公司开发出来的A.日本丰田B.德国福特C.日本本田D.美国通用13.联合库存管理作为一种合作创新的管理模式,更多地体现在A.供需协调管理B.机制建立C.信息沟通D.需求预测的主要目标是A. 增加供应链各个环节的收益B. 降低供应链各个环节的成本C. 缩短供应链各个环节的时间D. 提高了供应链各个环节的服务15.管理最主要的两个领域就是供应商的选择和A. 供应商的关系管理B. 供应商的目标管理C. 供应商的成本管理D. 供应商的考核管理16.价值链的概念是迈克尔.波特在其着名的一书中提出的;A. 竞争优势B.竞争战略C. 国家竞争力D.竞争力17. 供应链管理这个名词最早出现在A、交通运输业B、城市配送业C、信息产业D、咨询业18. 供应链合作伙伴关系的主要目的是A.缩短采购提前期,提高供货的柔性B.加快资金周转C.通过缩短供应链总周期,达到降低成本和提高质量的目的D.减少供应商数目19. 指超越一家一户的以一个社会为范畴面向社会为目的的物流;A. 宏观物流B.社会物流C. 微观物流D.企业物流20.不属于QR对厂商的优点的是A. 更好的为顾客服务B. 降低了费用C. 生产计划准确D.增加了收入A、强调核心竞争力B、资源外用OutsourcingC、合作性竞争D、延迟制造Postponement原则；E、以顾客满意度为目标的服务化管理；2、供应链设计的主要内容有A、供应链成员及合作伙伴选择B、网络结构设计C、供应链运行基本规则D、协调机制E、生产物流的计划与控制体系的建立3、核心竞争力的主要特点是A、价值优越性B、难替代性C、差异性D、可延伸性E、可复制性4、根据计划来管理企业的生产经营活动,叫做计划管理,计划管理是一个过程,通常包括阶段;A、编制计划B、执行计划C、检查计划完成情况D、组织E、制定改进措施5、供应链管理环境下的生产计划与传统生产计划有显着的不同;在制定生产计划的过程中,主要面临以下方面的问题;A、柔性约束B、生产进度C、生产能力D、组织设计E、物流管理6、需求变异加速放大的原因 ;A、需求预测修正B、订货批量决策C、多级库存D、短缺博弈E、价格波动7、VMI的基本思想有A、联合进行管理库存B、使双方成本最小互惠原则C、框架协议目标一致性原则D、连续改进原则E、合作精神合作性原则8、第三方物流公司的未来前景可以向以下方面努力;A、老主顾外包其他业务B、实施联合运输方式C、开发物流信息管理系统D、处理供应链末端任务E、整合供应链作业9、下列在供应链管理中的应用比较广泛;A、Internet/Intranet技术、WEB技术B、MRP、MRPII 、ERP、CRM、JIT、CIMSC、CAD/CAMD、BR、RFID、GIS、GPS、EDIE、航空航天技术10、CPFR的主要特点有 ;A、协同B、规划C、预测D、战略E、补货三、名词解释10分,每题2分1.第三方物流采购3.零和关系5.物流一体化,主要是制造商与制造商之间的关系;2．哈兰德Harland将供应链管理描述成对商业活动和组织内部关系、与直接采购者的关系、与第一级或第二级供应商的关系、与客户的关系等整个供应链关系的管理;3．供应链环境下,以团队工作为特征的组织模式使供应链具有网络化结构特征,因此供应链管理模式不是层级管理,也不是矩阵管理,而是网络化管理;4．为了支持企业内部集成化供应链管理,主要采用供应链计划Supply Chain Planning, SCP和JIT来实施集成化计划和控制;5．从节点企业与节点企业之间关系的角度来考察,供应链网络结构主要包括链状结构、网状结构、核心企业网状结构三种;6．当存在外部性时,企业应尽可能的集中布局,这样可以获得更多的收益利润,攫取最大可能的市场份额;7．即时制采购是一种先进的采购模式,它的基本思想是：在恰当的时间、恰当的地点、以恰当的数量、恰当的质量提供恰当的物品;8．决策树是一种图谱,它可用来评估存在不确定因素的情况下所作出的决策;但对供应链内部评估弹性时,决策树分析方法却并不十分有效;9．CRM是一种以客户为中心的商业哲学、商业战略和企业文化;10．单个企业绩效评价指标主要是基于业务流程的绩效评价指标,而供应链绩效评价指标是基于部门职能的绩效评价指标;五、简答题30分,每题3分1.述基于供应链的运输决策的要点有哪些2.信息技术对供应链管理有哪些影响3.如何对供应商进行评估和选择4.简述供应链设计的原则和步骤;5. 实施客户关系管理的战略步骤;6.简述供应链网状模型;7.订货点法的库存管理策略包括哪几种8.供应链管理环境下供应商管理库存VMI的优势是什么9.物流外包的阻力和风险是什么10.有效顾客响应的实施战略有哪些六、论述题20分,每题10分1. 论述企业如何进行业务外包活动;2. 供应链合作关系与传统供应商关系有什么不同14级专科物流专业供应链管理练习题答案习题一一、单选题1-5 BAACA 6-10 CABBA11-15 ACCAC 16-20 ADCAB二、多选题1 ABCDE2 ABD3 BCD4 AC5 ABCD6 ABCD7 ABCDE8 ABCD9 AC 10 ABC三、略书本能直接找到答案四、判断题1-5×√×√√ 6-10√×√√√五、略书本能直接找到答案六、案例分析参考答案答： 1答：基于现代供应链管理理念的物流；将现代信息技术应用到全过程；以社会化运作的第三方物流为主;2答：市场分析,要求进入物流市场切入点,发展自己优势,充分利用社会资源,减少进入成本,提高服务水平,拓展服务功能;3答：调整市场、自身优势、结合点、外部资源、管理机制习题二一、单选题1-5 CDCDD 6-10 DCDDC11-15 ACABA 16-20 ADCAC二、多选题1 CDE2 ABCD3 ABCD4 ABCDE5 ACD6 DE7 ABCDE8 BCDE9 ABD 10 ABCE三、略书本能直接找到答案四、判断题1-5×√√×√ 6-10×√×√×五、略书本能直接找到答案六、论述题1. 1研发外包研发外包是利用外部资源弥补自己开发能力的不足;企业可以根据需要,有选择地和相关研究院所、大专院校建立合作关系,将技术项目“外包”给他们攻关,或购买先进的但尚未产业化的技术;2生产外包这种外包一般是企业将生产环节安排到劳动力成本较低的国家,以降低生产环节的成本; 3物流外包物流外包不仅仅降低了企业的整体运作成本,更重要的是使买卖过程摆脱了物流过程的束缚,使供应链能够为客户提供前所未有的服务;4脑力资源外包即雇用外界的人力主要是脑力资源,解决本企业解决不了或解决不好的问题;脑力资源外包内容主要有互联网咨询、信息管理、ERP系统实施应用、管理;2. 供应链合作关系与传统供应商关系有什么不同答：在新的竞争环境下,供应链合作关系强调长期的战略协作,强调共同努力实现共有的计划和解决共同问题,强调的是相互之间的信任与合作;这与传统的关系模式有着很大的区别,见下表;供应链合作关系与传统供应商关系的比较。

供应链管理第三版Unit10习题与答案(可编辑修改word版)

Chapter 10Managing Economies of Scale in the Supply Chain: Cycle InventoryTrue/False1. Cycle inventory exists because producing or purchasing in large lots allows astage of the supply chain to exploit economies of scale and increase cost.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate2. A lot or batch size is the quantity that a stage of the supply chain either producesor purchases at a given time.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. Cycle inventory is the physical inventory in the supply chain due to eitherproduction or purchases demanded by the customer.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. The inventory profile is a plot depicting the level of inventory over time.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. When demand is steady, cycle inventory and lot size are related as follows:Cycle Inventory = Lot Size x 2 = Q*2.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. Lot sizes and cycle inventory do not affect the flow time of material within thesupply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy7. Average flow time resulting from cycle inventory = Cycle Inventory/Demand =Q/2D.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. Cycle inventory is primarily held to take advantage of economies of scale andreduce profit within the supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy9. Increasing the lot size or cycle inventory often decreases the cost incurred bydifferent stages of a supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate10. Cycle inventory exists in a supply chain because different stages exploiteconomies of scale to lower total cost.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy11. The costs considered in lot sizing decisions include material cost, fixed orderingcost, and manufacturing cost.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate12. The total annual cost is the sum of annual material cost, annual order cost, andannual holding cost, and is given as TC = CD + (D/Q)S + (Q/2)hC.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate13. The optimal lot size is referred to as the economic order quantity (EOQ). It isdenoted by Q * and is given by the equation: Q* = 2DS/hC.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14. Total ordering and holding costs are unstable around the economic orderquantity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate15. A firm is often better served by ordering a convenient lot size close to theeconomic order quantity rather than the precise EOQ.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate16. If demand increases by a factor of k, the optimal lot size decreases by a factor ofk.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. To reduce the optimal lot size by a factor of k, the fixed order cost S must bereduced by a factor of k.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate18. Aggregating across products, retailers, or suppliers in a single order allows for areduction in lot size for individual products because fixed ordering andtransportation costs are now spread across multiple products, retailers, orsuppliers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate19. A key to reducing cycle inventory is the reduction of lot size.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy20. A key to reducing lot size without increasing costs is to reduce the holding costassociated with each lot.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. Reduction of fixed cost may be achieved by aggregating lots across multipleproducts, customers, or suppliers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy22. A discount is volume-based if the pricing schedule offers discounts based on thequantity ordered in a single lot.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard23. A discount is volume-based if the discount is based on the total quantitypurchased over a given period, regardless of the number of lots purchased overthat period.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. Pricing schedules with all unit quantity discounts encourage retailers to increasethe size of their lots, which reduces the average inventory and flow time in asupply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate25. Marginal unit quantity discounts have also been referred to as multi-block tariffs.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate26. Quantity discounts lead to a minor buildup of cycle inventory in the supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. For commodity products where price is set by the market, manufacturers can uselot size based quantity discounts to achieve coordination in the supply chain and decrease supply chain cost.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. The supply chain profit is higher if each stage of the supply chain independentlymakes its pricing decisions with the objective of maximizing its own profit.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29. For products where the firm has market power, two-part tariffs can be used toachieve coordination in the supply chain and maximize supply chain profits.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate30. Discounts related to price discrimination will be lot size based.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard31. Price discrimination is the practice where a firm charges differential prices tomaximize profits.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy32. The goal of trade promotions is to influence retailers to act in a way that helps t heretailer achieve its objectives.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy33. Although a forward buy is often the retailer’s appropriate response and increasestheir own profits, it usually increases demand variability with a resulting increase in inventory and flow times within the supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate34. Trade promotions lead to a significant increase in lot size and cycle inventorybecause of forward buying by the retailer.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1. Cycle inventory exists because producing or purchasing in large lots allows astage of the supply chain toa. exploit economies of scale and raise cost.b. exploit economies of scale and lower cost.c. exploit customers and lower cost.d. exploit customers and raise cost.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy2. The quantity of inventory that a stage of the supply chain either produces o rpurchases at a given time isa. an order.b. a job.c. a shipment.d. a lot or batch.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy3. The average inventory in the supply chain due to either production or purchasesin lot sizes that are larger than those demanded by the customer isa. annual inventory.b. distribution inventory.c. cycle inventory.d. physical inventory.e. b and c onlyAnswer: c Difficulty:Moderate4. A graphical plot depicting the level of inventory over time isa. an inventory graph.b. a distribution inventory.c. an inventory drawing.d. an inventory profile.e. an inventory picture.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate5. When demand is steady, cycle inventory and lot size are related asa. Cycle Inventory = Lot Size x 2.b. Cycle Inventory = Q*2.c. Cycle Inventory = Q/2.d. Cycle Inventory = Lot Size = Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate6. Average flow time resulting from cycle inventory is equal toa. Cycle Inventory/Demand = Q/2.b. Cycle Inventory/Demand = Q/2D.c. Cycle Inventory = Q/2.d. Cycle Inventory = Lot Size = Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate7. Cycle inventory is primarily held toa. take advantage of diseconomies of scale and increase cost within thesupply chain.b. take advantage of diseconomies of scale and reduce cost within thesupply chain.c. take advantage of economies of scale and increase cost within the supplychain.d. take advantage of economies of scale and reduce cost within the supplychain.e. None of the above are true.Answer: d Difficulty:Moderate8. Which of the following is not a cost that must be considered in any lot sizingdecision?a. Average price per unit purchased, $C/unitb. Fixed ordering cost incurred per lot, $S/lotc. Holding cost incurred per unit per year, $H/unit/year = hCd. Manufacturing cost per unit, $M/unite. All of the above are costs to be considered.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate9. The primary role of cycle inventory is to allow different stages in the supply chaintoa. purchase product in lot sizes that maximize the sum of the material,ordering, and holding cost.b. purchase product in lot sizes that minimize the sum of the material,ordering, and holding cost.c. sell product in lot sizes that maximize the sum of the material, ordering,and holding cost.d. sell product in lot sizes that minimize the sum of the material, ordering,and holding cost.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate10. Economies of scale in purchasing and ordering motivate a manager toa. increase the lot size and cycle inventory.b. decrease the lot size and cycle inventory.c. eliminate inventory.d. increase the lot size and reduce cycle inventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate11. Which of the following is not a situation in which any stage of the supply chainexploits economies of scale in its replenishment decisions?a. A fixed cost is incurred each time an order is placed or produced.b. A holding cost is incurred each period for each unit of inventory.c. The supplier offers price discounts based on the quantity purchased perlot.d. The supplier offers short-term discounts or holds trade promotions.e. all of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. The price paid per unit is referred to asa. the material cost and is denoted by C.b. the fixed ordering cost and is denoted by S.c. the holding cost and is denoted by H.d. the purchase price and is denoted by P.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. All costs that do not vary with the size of the order but are incurred each time anorder is placed are referred to asa. the material cost and is denoted by C.b. the fixed ordering cost and is denoted by S.c. the holding cost and is denoted by H.d. the purchase price and is denoted by P.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate14. The cost of carrying one unit in inventory for a specified period of time, usuallyone year, is referred to asa. the material cost and is denoted by C.b. the fixed ordering cost and is denoted by S.c. the holding cost and is denoted by H.d. the purchase price and is denoted by P.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate15. Which of the following would not be an example of a fixed ordering cost?a. administrative cost incurred to place an orderb. trucking cost incurred to transport an orderc. labor cost incurred to receive an orderd. labor cost incurred to manufacture a parte. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate16. Which of the following would not be included in holding cost?a. cost of capitalb. cost of physically storing the inventoryc. cost of manufacturingd. cost that results from the product becoming obsoletee. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. The total annual cost is the sum of annual material cost, annual order cost, andannual holding cost, and is given asa. TC = CD + (D/Q)S + (Q/2)hC.b. TC = CD + (Q/2)S + (D/Q)hC.c. TC = CDS + D/Q + (Q/2)hC.d. TC = Q/2 + (D/Q)S + (CD)hC.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Hard18. The optimal lot size is referred to as the economic order quantity (EOQ). It isdenoted by Q* and is given by the equationa. Q* = 2DS/hC.b. Q* = √2hC.c. Q* = √2DS.d. Q* = √2DS/hC.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. Total ordering and holding costsa. are relatively stable.b. are relatively stable around the economic order quantity.c. are relatively unstable around the economic order quantity.d. are unstable.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy20. If demand increases by a factor of k, the optimal lot size increases by a factor ofa. k.b. k/2.c. k + 2.d. k-squared.e. the square root of k.Answer: eDifficulty: Hard21. If demand increases by a factor of k, the number of orders placed per yearshould increase by a factor ofa. k.b. k/2.c. k + 2.d. k-squared.e. the square root of k.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate22. To reduce the optimal lot size by a factor of k, the fixed order cost S must bea. increased by a factor of k.b. increased by a factor of k-squared.c. reduced by a factor of k-squared.d. reduced by a factor of the square root of k.e. reduced by a factor of k.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate23. Aggregating across products, retailers, or suppliers in a single order allows fora. an increase in lot size for individual products.b. an increase in customer demand.c. a reduction in holding cost per unit.d. a reduction in lot size for individual products.e. a reduction in purchase price per unit.Answer: dDifficulty: Hard24. Aggregating across products, retailers, or suppliers in a single order allows for areduction in lot size for individual products becausea. fixed ordering and transportation costs are now charged to retailers.b. fixed ordering and transportation costs are now charged to suppliers.c. fixed ordering and transportation costs are now spread across multipleproducts, retailers, or suppliers.d. holding costs are now charged to retailers or suppliers.e. holding costs are now spread across multiple products, retailers, orsuppliers.Answer: c Difficulty:Moderate25. A key to reducing cycle inventory isa. the reduction of holding cost.b. the reduction of manufacturing cost.c. the reduction of lot size.d. the reduction of warehouse space.e. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate26. A key to reducing lot size without increasing costs is toa. reduce the holding cost associated with each lot.b. reduce the fixed cost associated with each lot.c. reduce the material cost associated with each lot.d. reduce the manufacturing cost associated with each lot.e. increase the holding cost associated with each lot.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate27. A price discount where the pricing schedule offers discounts based on thequantity ordered in a single lot isa. customer based.b. lot size based.c. supplier based.d. volume based.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy28. A price discount where the discount is based on the total quantity purchased overa given period, regardless of the number of lots purchased over that period isa. customer based.b. lot size based.c. supplier based.d. volume based.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate29. Pricing schedules with all unit quantity discounts encourage retailers toa. decrease the size of their lots.b. increase the size of their lots.c. decrease the size of their inventory.d. increase the price of their products.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy30. Marginal unit quantity discounts have also been referred to asa. all unit quantity discounts.b. basic quantity discounts.c. elevated quantity discounts.d. multi-block tariffs.e. tariffs.Answer: d Difficulty:Moderate31. In the pricing schedule for marginal unit quantity discountsa. the average cost of a unit decreases at a breakpoint.b. the average cost of a unit increases at a breakpoint.c. the marginal cost of a unit decreases at a breakpoint.d. the marginal cost of a unit increases at a breakpoint.e. the average cost and the marginal cost of a unit decrease at a breakpoint.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate32. Quantity discounts lead toa. a significant buildup of cycle inventory in the supply chain.b. a slight buildup of cycle inventory in the supply chain.c. a decrease in cycle inventory in the supply chain.d. minor fluctuations of cycle inventory in the supply chain.e. a major drop in cycle inventory in the supply chain.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate33. For commodity products where price is set by the market, manufacturers can uselot size based quantity discounts toa. achieve coordination in the supply chain and decrease supply chain cost.b. relax coordination in the supply chain and increase supply chain cost.c. relax coordination in the supply chain and decrease supply chain cost.d. achieve coordination in the supply chain and decrease supply chain cost.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy34. In a supply chain where each stage of the supply chain independently makes itspricing decisions with the objective of maximizing its own profit,a. supply chain profit is lower than a coordinated solution.b. supply chain profit is higher than a coordinated solution.c. supply chain profit is about the same as a coordinated solution.d. supply chain profit will be maximized.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy35. For products where the firm has market power, coordination in the supply chaincan be achieved and supply chain profits maximized through the use ofa. two-part tariffs or volume based quantity discounts.b. marginal unit quantity discounts.c. all unit quantity discounts.d. basic quantity discounts.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy36. The practice where a firm charges differential prices to maximize profits isa. lot pricing.b. marginal pricing.c. price incrimination.d. price discrimination.e. all of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate37. Discounts related to price discrimination will bea. volume based.b. unit based.c. marginally based.d. lot size based.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Hard38. The goal of trade promotions is toa. influence retailers to act in a way that helps the retailer achieve itsobjectives.b. influence retailers to act in a way that helps the manufacturer achieve itsobjectives.c. influence retailers to act in a way that will maximize supply chain profit.d. influence retailers to act in a way minimize supply chain cost.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard39. Which of the following is not a key goal (from the manufacturer’s perspective) ofa trade promotion?a. Induce retailers to use price discounts, displays, or advertising to spursales.b. Shift inventory from the manufacturer to the retailer and the customer.c. Shift inventory from the retailer to the customer.d. Defend a brand against competition.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate40. Which of the following is a possible response that a retailer could make to a tradepromotion?a. Pass through some or all of the promotion to customers to spur sales.b. Pass through very little of the promotion to customers but purchase ingreater quantity during the promotion period to exploit the temporaryreduction in price.c. Shift inventory from the retailer to the customer.d. a and b onlye. b and c onlyAnswer: d Difficulty:Hard41. When the retailer decides to pass through some or all of the promotion tocustomers to spur sales, the result isa. a lowering of the price of the product for the end customer.b. increased purchases and thus increased sales for the entire supply chain.c. an increase in the amount of inventory held at the retailer.d. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: e Difficulty:Hard42. When the retailer decides to pass through very little of the promotion tocustomers but purchase in greater quantity during the promotion period to exploit the temporary reduction in price, the result isa. a lowering of the price of the product for the end customer.b. increased purchases and thus increased sales for the entire supply chain.c. an increase in the amount of inventory held at the retailer.d. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard43. The manufacturer can justify offering trade promotions resulting in forward buyingby retailers whena. they have inadvertently built up a lot of excess inventory.b. the forward buy allows the manufacturer to smooth demand by shifting itfrom peak to low-demand periods.c. the retailer decreases his total cost.d. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: e Difficulty:Hard44. The retailer can justify the forward buying whena. they have inadvertently built up a lot of excess inventory.b. the forward buy allows the manufacturer to smooth demand by shifting it frompeak to low-demand periods.c. it decreases his total cost.d. all of the abovee. a and c onlyAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard45. Replenishment orders in multi-echelon supply chains should bea. synchronized to increase cycle inventory and order costs.b. synchronized to facilitate supplier evaluation and selection.c. synchronized to keep cycle inventory and order costs low.d. separated to increase cycle inventory and order costs.e. separated to keep cycle inventory and order costs low.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard46. When developing estimates for holding and ordering costs, it is important toa. estimate these costs to a high level of precision.b. get a good approximation quickly.c. develop estimates that will not be changed.d. both a and ce. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate47. Which cost takes into account the return demanded on the firm’s equity and theamount the firm must pay on its debt?a. cost of capitalb. obsolescence (spoilage) costc. handling costd. occupancy coste. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy48. Which cost estimates the rate at which the value of the product being storeddrops either because the market value of that product drops or because theproduct quality deteriorates?a. cost of capitalb. obsolescence (spoilage) costc. handling costd. occupancy coste. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy49. Which cost should only include receiving and storage costs that vary with thequantity of product received?a. cost of capitalb. obsolescence (spoilage) costc. handling costd. occupancy coste. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate50. Which cost should reflect the incremental change in space cost due to changingcycle inventory?a. cost of capitalb. obsolescence (spoilage) costc. handling costd. occupancy coste. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate51. Which of the following would not be a component of order cost?a. buyer timeb. transportation costc. handling costd. receiving coste. All of the above are components of order cost.Answer: cDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1. Discuss the role of cycle inventory in the supply chain.Answer: The primary role of cycle inventory is to allow different stages in thesupply chain to purchase product in lot sizes that minimize the sum of thematerial, ordering, and holding cost. If a manager were considering the holdingcost alone, he or she would reduce the lot size and cycle inventory. Economiesof scale in purchasing and ordering, however, motivate a manager to increasethe lot size and cycle inventory. A manager must make the trade-off thatminimizes the total cost when making the lot sizing decision. Ideally, cycleinventory decisions should be made considering the total cost across the entiresupply chain. In practice, however, each stage often makes its cycle inventorydecisions independently. As we discuss later in the chapter, this practiceincreases the level of cycle inventory as well as the total cost in the supply chain.Any stage of the supply chain exploits economies of scale in its replenishmentdecisions in the following three typical situations:1. A fixed cost is incurred each time an order is placed or produced.2. The supplier offers price discounts based on the quantity purchasedper lot.3. The supplier offers short-term discounts or holds trade promotions.Cycle inventory exists in a supply chain because different stages exploiteconomies of scale to lower total cost. The costs considered include materialcost, fixed ordering cost, and holding cost. The supply chain operation phaseoperates on a weekly or daily time horizon and deals with decisions c oncerningindividual customer orders.Difficulty: Hard2. Describe the impact of trade promotions on cycle inventory.Answer: Manufacturers use trade promotions to offer a discounted price and atime period over which the discount is effective. The goal of trade promotions is to influence retailers to act in a way that helps the manufacturer achieve itsobjectives. A few of the key goals (from the manufacturer’s p erspective) of atrade promotion are as follows:1. Induce retailers to use price discounts, displays, or advertising to spursales.2. Shift inventory from the manufacturer to the retailer and the customer.3. Defend a brand against competition.In response to a trade promotion, the retailer has the following options:1. Pass through some or all of the promotion to customers to spur sales.2. Pass through very little of the promotion to customers but purchase ingreater quantity during the promotion period to exploit the temporaryreduction in price.The first action lowers the price of the product for the end customer, leading toincreased purchases and thus increased sales for the entire supply chain. Thesecond action does not increase purchases by the customer but increases theamount of inventory held at the retailer. As a result, the cycle inventory and flow time within the supply chain increase.Trade promotions lead to a significant increase in lot size and cycle inventorybecause of forward buying by the retailer. This generally results in reducedsupply chain profits unless the trade promotion reduces demand fluctuations.The retailer can justify the forward buying because it decreases his total cost. In contrast, the manufacturer can justify this action only if they have eitherinadvertently built up a lot of excess inventory or the forward buy allows themanufacturer to smooth demand by shifting it from peak to low-demand periods.In practice, manufacturers often build up inventory in anticipation of plannedpromotions. During the trade promotion, this inventory shifts to the retailer,primarily as a forward buy. If the forward buy during trade promotions is asignificant fraction of total sales, manufacturers end up reducing the revenuesthey earn from sales because most of the product is sold at a discount. Theincrease in inventory and the decrease in revenues often leads to a reduction in manufacturer profits as a result of trade promotions. Total supply chain profitsalso decrease because of an increase in inventory.Difficulty: Hard3. Discuss the characteristics of a successful multi-echelon supply chain.。

供应链管理第十章供应链管理环境下的库存控制

订货时仓库里该品种保有的实际库存量）
订货批量：每次订货量是多少（订货批量：就是一次
订货的数量）
（三）常用的两种基本的库存控制策略
1、定量库存控制(Perpetual inventory control)
以数量为基础的库存管理制度，以固定的订货量和再订货点为基础。（连续检查模型）
预先确定一个订货点和订货批量,随时检查库存,当库存下降到订货点时就发出订货
策略四、常见独立需求库存控制
模型
一、库存的概念
（一）库存：
库存是指处于存储状态的物品，广义的库存还包括处于制造加工状态和运输状态的物品
库存是为了满足未来需要而暂时闲置的资源，它是由于人们无法预测未来的需求变化，才不得已采用的应付外界变化的手段
（二）库存的功能
❖ 平衡供求关系，滿足顧客立即交货或短交货期的需求
(Q, R)策略 (t, S)策略
(R, S)策略 (t, R, S)策略
1. (Q, R)策略（连续检查的固定订货量、固定订货点策略）
对库存进行连续性检查，当库存降低到订货点水平R时，即发出一个订货，每次的订货量保持不变，都为固定值Q。
该策略适用于需求量大、缺货费用较高、需求波动性很大的情形。
Bicycle(1) P/N 1000
Handle Bars (1) P/N 1001
Frame Assembly (1) P/N 1002
Wheels (2) P/N 1003
Frame (1) P/N 1004
❖ 两种不同的需求，要求不同的库存控制策略和库存控制系统。
❖ 适用于独立需求的库存控制系统，称为库存补充系统，它是以经常性地维持一定的库存水平并不断补充为特征的，连续检查和定期（周期）检查是这种系统的两种基本控制策略。

供应链管理_第三版_Unit10_习题与答案

Chapter 10Managing Economies of Scale in the Supply Chain: Cycle InventoryTrue/False1. A lot or batch size is the quantity that a stage of the supply chain either producesor purchases at a given time.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2. Cycle inventory is the physical inventory in the supply chain due to eitherproduction or purchases demanded by the customer.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. When demand is steady, cycle inventory and lot size are related as follows:Cycle Inventory = Lot Size x 2 = Q*2.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate4. Cycle inventory is primarily held to take advantage of economies of scale andreduce profit within the supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy5. Increasing the lot size or cycle inventory often decreases the cost incurred bydifferent stages of a supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate6. The total annual cost is the sum of annual material cost, annual order cost, andannual holding cost, and is given as TC = CD + (D/Q)S + (Q/2)hC.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate7. The optimal lot size is referred to as the economic order quantity (EOQ). It isdenoted by Q * and is given by the equation: Q*= 2DS/hC.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. Total ordering and holding costs are unstable around the economic orderquantity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9. To reduce the optimal lot size by a factor of k, the fixed order cost S must bereduced by a factor of k.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate10. Aggregating across products, retailers, or suppliers in a single order allows for areduction in lot size for individual products because fixed ordering andtransportation costs are now spread across multiple products, retailers, orsuppliers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate11. A key to reducing cycle inventory is the reduction of lot size.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy12. A key to reducing lot size without increasing costs is to reduce the holding costassociated with each lot.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. Reduction of fixed cost may be achieved by aggregating lots across multipleproducts, customers, or suppliers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy14. A discount is volume-based if the pricing schedule offers discounts based on thequantity ordered in a single lot.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard15. Pricing schedules with all unit quantity discounts encourage retailers to increasethe size of their lots, which reduces the average inventory and flow time in asupply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate16. The supply chain profit is higher if each stage of the supply chain independentlymakes its pricing decisions with the objective of maximizing its own profit.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate17. Discounts related to price discrimination will be lot size based.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard18. Price discrimination is the practice where a firm charges differential prices tomaximize profits.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy19. Although a forward buy is often the retailer’s appropriate response and increasestheir own profits, it usually increases demand variability with a resulting increase in inventory and flow times within the supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. Trade promotions lead to a significant increase in lot size and cycle inventorybecause of forward buying by the retailer.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1. Discuss the role of cycle inventory in the supply chain.Answer: The primary role of cycle inventory is to allow different stages in thesupply chain to purchase product in lot sizes that minimize the sum of thematerial, ordering, and holding cost. If a manager were considering the holdingcost alone, he or she would reduce the lot size and cycle inventory. Economiesof scale in purchasing and ordering, however, motivate a manager to increasethe lot size and cycle inventory. A manager must make the trade-off thatminimizes the total cost when making the lot sizing decision. Ideally, cycleinventory decisions should be made considering the total cost across the entiresupply chain. In practice, however, each stage often makes its cycle inventorydecisions independently. As we discuss later in the chapter, this practiceincreases the level of cycle inventory as well as the total cost in the supply chain.Any stage of the supply chain exploits economies of scale in its replenishmentdecisions in the following three typical situations:1.A fixed cost is incurred each time an order is placed or produced.2.The supplier offers price discounts based on the quantity purchasedper lot.3.The supplier offers short-term discounts or holds trade promotions.Cycle inventory exists in a supply chain because different stages exploiteconomies of scale to lower total cost. The costs considered include materialcost, fixed ordering cost, and holding cost. The supply chain operation phaseoperates on a weekly or daily time horizon and deals with decisions concerningindividual customer orders.Difficulty: Hard1。

《供应链库存的计划和管理》题库答案

选择题：供应链库存管理中，哪种策略强调降低库存成本但同时可能增加缺货风险？A. 周期性检查策略B. (s, S)策略C. 最小-最大策略（正确答案）D. 经济订货量（EOQ）策略在进行供应链库存计划时，以下哪项不是必须考虑的因素？A. 市场需求预测B. 供应商交货时间C. 仓库存储容量D. 员工个人偏好（正确答案）安全库存的主要目的是什么？A. 最大化库存周转率B. 减少库存成本C. 应对不确定性并减少缺货风险（正确答案）D. 提高客户满意度哪种库存管理方法侧重于通过连续补货来保持库存水平在一个固定的范围内？A. 周期性补货策略B. (R, Q)策略（正确答案）C. 批量补货策略D. 最小库存策略在供应链库存管理中，哪种成本通常与持有过多库存相关？A. 缺货成本B. 订货成本C. 持有成本（正确答案）D. 运输成本经济订货量（EOQ）模型主要用于优化什么？A. 订货频率和订货量（正确答案）B. 库存周转率和库存成本C. 市场需求和供应商交货时间D. 运输成本和订货成本供应链中的“牛鞭效应”是指什么？A. 市场需求波动向上游放大（正确答案）B. 供应商交货时间延长C. 库存成本逐渐降低D. 订货频率减少以下哪项不是实施有效供应链库存管理的好处？A. 提高客户满意度B. 减少库存积压和浪费（正确答案）C. 增加运营成本和复杂性（此选项描述的是负面影响，非好处，正确答案应指向描述好处的选项，但在此情境下，它作为“不是”的答案）D. 更好地应对市场需求变化在多级供应链中，库存推式策略与拉式策略的主要区别是什么？A. 推式策略基于预测，拉式策略基于实际需求（正确答案）B. 推式策略适用于所有供应链阶段，拉式策略只适用于最终阶段C. 推式策略成本较低，拉式策略成本较高D. 推式策略不考虑库存水平，拉式策略考虑库存水平。

供应链库存控制考核试卷

C.采用JIT（准时制）策略
D.增加运输频率
20.以下哪个策略可以帮助企业降低库存风险？（）
A.分散库存
B.集中库存
C.增加库存水平
D.减少供应商数量
二、多选题（本题共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，至少有一项是符合题目要求的）
1.供应链库存控制的目标包括以下哪些？（）
9. AB
10. ABCD
11. ABCD
12. ABC
13. ABC
14. ABCD
15. ABCD
16. ABCD
17. ABC
18. ABC
19. ABCD
20. ABCD
三、填空题
1.波动
2.订货成本、存储成本
3.平均库存水平
4.放大
5.减少订单批量
6.量
7.库存
8.信息技术故障
9.成本、重要性
C.采用VMI（供应商管理库存）策略
D.增加运输频率
11.以下哪个指标与库存管理无关？（）
A.缺货率
B.库存周转率
C.订单满足率
D.顾客满意度
12.在供应链中，以下哪个环节不属于库存控制的关键环节？（）
A.订货策略
B.库存预测
C.供应商选择
D.产品设计
13.以下哪种方法不适用于计算经济订货量？（）
A.精确法
10.以下哪些是影响供应链牛鞭效应的因素？（）
A.需求预测错误
B.订单批量的变化
C.价格波动
D.运输延迟
11.以下哪些策略有助于缓解供应链中的牛鞭效应？（）
A.采用VMI策略
B.减少订单批量
C.分散库存
D.提高需求预测准确性

供应链管理第三版Unit10习题与答案(可编辑修改word版)

Chapter 10Managing Economies of Scale in the Supply Chain: Cycle InventoryTrue/False1. Cycle inventory exists because producing or purchasing in large lots allows astage of the supply chain to exploit economies of scale and increase cost.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate2. A lot or batch size is the quantity that a stage of the supply chain either producesor purchases at a given time.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. Cycle inventory is the physical inventory in the supply chain due to eitherproduction or purchases demanded by the customer.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. The inventory profile is a plot depicting the level of inventory over time.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. When demand is steady, cycle inventory and lot size are related as follows:Cycle Inventory = Lot Size x 2 = Q*2.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. Lot sizes and cycle inventory do not affect the flow time of material within thesupply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy7. Average flow time resulting from cycle inventory = Cycle Inventory/Demand =Q/2D.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. Cycle inventory is primarily held to take advantage of economies of scale andreduce profit within the supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy9. Increasing the lot size or cycle inventory often decreases the cost incurred bydifferent stages of a supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate10. Cycle inventory exists in a supply chain because different stages exploiteconomies of scale to lower total cost.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy11. The costs considered in lot sizing decisions include material cost, fixed orderingcost, and manufacturing cost.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate12. The total annual cost is the sum of annual material cost, annual order cost, andannual holding cost, and is given as TC = CD + (D/Q)S + (Q/2)hC.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate13. The optimal lot size is referred to as the economic order quantity (EOQ). It isdenoted by Q * and is given by the equation: Q* = 2DS/hC.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14. Total ordering and holding costs are unstable around the economic orderquantity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate15. A firm is often better served by ordering a convenient lot size close to theeconomic order quantity rather than the precise EOQ.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate16. If demand increases by a factor of k, the optimal lot size decreases by a factor ofk.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. To reduce the optimal lot size by a factor of k, the fixed order cost S must bereduced by a factor of k.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate18. Aggregating across products, retailers, or suppliers in a single order allows for areduction in lot size for individual products because fixed ordering andtransportation costs are now spread across multiple products, retailers, orsuppliers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate19. A key to reducing cycle inventory is the reduction of lot size.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy20. A key to reducing lot size without increasing costs is to reduce the holding costassociated with each lot.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. Reduction of fixed cost may be achieved by aggregating lots across multipleproducts, customers, or suppliers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy22. A discount is volume-based if the pricing schedule offers discounts based on thequantity ordered in a single lot.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard23. A discount is volume-based if the discount is based on the total quantitypurchased over a given period, regardless of the number of lots purchased overthat period.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. Pricing schedules with all unit quantity discounts encourage retailers to increasethe size of their lots, which reduces the average inventory and flow time in asupply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate25. Marginal unit quantity discounts have also been referred to as multi-block tariffs.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate26. Quantity discounts lead to a minor buildup of cycle inventory in the supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. For commodity products where price is set by the market, manufacturers can uselot size based quantity discounts to achieve coordination in the supply chain and decrease supply chain cost.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. The supply chain profit is higher if each stage of the supply chain independentlymakes its pricing decisions with the objective of maximizing its own profit.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29. For products where the firm has market power, two-part tariffs can be used toachieve coordination in the supply chain and maximize supply chain profits.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate30. Discounts related to price discrimination will be lot size based.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard31. Price discrimination is the practice where a firm charges differential prices tomaximize profits.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy32. The goal of trade promotions is to influence retailers to act in a way that helps t heretailer achieve its objectives.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy33. Although a forward buy is often the retailer’s appropriate response and increasestheir own profits, it usually increases demand variability with a resulting increase in inventory and flow times within the supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate34. Trade promotions lead to a significant increase in lot size and cycle inventorybecause of forward buying by the retailer.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1. Cycle inventory exists because producing or purchasing in large lots allows astage of the supply chain toa. exploit economies of scale and raise cost.b. exploit economies of scale and lower cost.c. exploit customers and lower cost.d. exploit customers and raise cost.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy2. The quantity of inventory that a stage of the supply chain either produces o rpurchases at a given time isa. an order.b. a job.c. a shipment.d. a lot or batch.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy3. The average inventory in the supply chain due to either production or purchasesin lot sizes that are larger than those demanded by the customer isa. annual inventory.b. distribution inventory.c. cycle inventory.d. physical inventory.e. b and c onlyAnswer: c Difficulty:Moderate4. A graphical plot depicting the level of inventory over time isa. an inventory graph.b. a distribution inventory.c. an inventory drawing.d. an inventory profile.e. an inventory picture.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate5. When demand is steady, cycle inventory and lot size are related asa. Cycle Inventory = Lot Size x 2.b. Cycle Inventory = Q*2.c. Cycle Inventory = Q/2.d. Cycle Inventory = Lot Size = Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate6. Average flow time resulting from cycle inventory is equal toa. Cycle Inventory/Demand = Q/2.b. Cycle Inventory/Demand = Q/2D.c. Cycle Inventory = Q/2.d. Cycle Inventory = Lot Size = Q.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate7. Cycle inventory is primarily held toa. take advantage of diseconomies of scale and increase cost within thesupply chain.b. take advantage of diseconomies of scale and reduce cost within thesupply chain.c. take advantage of economies of scale and increase cost within the supplychain.d. take advantage of economies of scale and reduce cost within the supplychain.e. None of the above are true.Answer: d Difficulty:Moderate8. Which of the following is not a cost that must be considered in any lot sizingdecision?a. Average price per unit purchased, $C/unitb. Fixed ordering cost incurred per lot, $S/lotc. Holding cost incurred per unit per year, $H/unit/year = hCd. Manufacturing cost per unit, $M/unite. All of the above are costs to be considered.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate9. The primary role of cycle inventory is to allow different stages in the supply chaintoa. purchase product in lot sizes that maximize the sum of the material,ordering, and holding cost.b. purchase product in lot sizes that minimize the sum of the material,ordering, and holding cost.c. sell product in lot sizes that maximize the sum of the material, ordering,and holding cost.d. sell product in lot sizes that minimize the sum of the material, ordering,and holding cost.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate10. Economies of scale in purchasing and ordering motivate a manager toa. increase the lot size and cycle inventory.b. decrease the lot size and cycle inventory.c. eliminate inventory.d. increase the lot size and reduce cycle inventory.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate11. Which of the following is not a situation in which any stage of the supply chainexploits economies of scale in its replenishment decisions?a. A fixed cost is incurred each time an order is placed or produced.b. A holding cost is incurred each period for each unit of inventory.c. The supplier offers price discounts based on the quantity purchased perlot.d. The supplier offers short-term discounts or holds trade promotions.e. all of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. The price paid per unit is referred to asa. the material cost and is denoted by C.b. the fixed ordering cost and is denoted by S.c. the holding cost and is denoted by H.d. the purchase price and is denoted by P.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. All costs that do not vary with the size of the order but are incurred each time anorder is placed are referred to asa. the material cost and is denoted by C.b. the fixed ordering cost and is denoted by S.c. the holding cost and is denoted by H.d. the purchase price and is denoted by P.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate14. The cost of carrying one unit in inventory for a specified period of time, usuallyone year, is referred to asa. the material cost and is denoted by C.b. the fixed ordering cost and is denoted by S.c. the holding cost and is denoted by H.d. the purchase price and is denoted by P.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate15. Which of the following would not be an example of a fixed ordering cost?a. administrative cost incurred to place an orderb. trucking cost incurred to transport an orderc. labor cost incurred to receive an orderd. labor cost incurred to manufacture a parte. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate16. Which of the following would not be included in holding cost?a. cost of capitalb. cost of physically storing the inventoryc. cost of manufacturingd. cost that results from the product becoming obsoletee. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. The total annual cost is the sum of annual material cost, annual order cost, andannual holding cost, and is given asa. TC = CD + (D/Q)S + (Q/2)hC.b. TC = CD + (Q/2)S + (D/Q)hC.c. TC = CDS + D/Q + (Q/2)hC.d. TC = Q/2 + (D/Q)S + (CD)hC.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Hard18. The optimal lot size is referred to as the economic order quantity (EOQ). It isdenoted by Q* and is given by the equationa. Q* = 2DS/hC.b. Q* = √2hC.c. Q* = √2DS.d. Q* = √2DS/hC.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. Total ordering and holding costsa. are relatively stable.b. are relatively stable around the economic order quantity.c. are relatively unstable around the economic order quantity.d. are unstable.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy20. If demand increases by a factor of k, the optimal lot size increases by a factor ofa. k.b. k/2.c. k + 2.d. k-squared.e. the square root of k.Answer: eDifficulty: Hard21. If demand increases by a factor of k, the number of orders placed per yearshould increase by a factor ofa. k.b. k/2.c. k + 2.d. k-squared.e. the square root of k.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate22. To reduce the optimal lot size by a factor of k, the fixed order cost S must bea. increased by a factor of k.b. increased by a factor of k-squared.c. reduced by a factor of k-squared.d. reduced by a factor of the square root of k.e. reduced by a factor of k.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate23. Aggregating across products, retailers, or suppliers in a single order allows fora. an increase in lot size for individual products.b. an increase in customer demand.c. a reduction in holding cost per unit.d. a reduction in lot size for individual products.e. a reduction in purchase price per unit.Answer: dDifficulty: Hard24. Aggregating across products, retailers, or suppliers in a single order allows for areduction in lot size for individual products becausea. fixed ordering and transportation costs are now charged to retailers.b. fixed ordering and transportation costs are now charged to suppliers.c. fixed ordering and transportation costs are now spread across multipleproducts, retailers, or suppliers.d. holding costs are now charged to retailers or suppliers.e. holding costs are now spread across multiple products, retailers, orsuppliers.Answer: c Difficulty:Moderate25. A key to reducing cycle inventory isa. the reduction of holding cost.b. the reduction of manufacturing cost.c. the reduction of lot size.d. the reduction of warehouse space.e. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate26. A key to reducing lot size without increasing costs is toa. reduce the holding cost associated with each lot.b. reduce the fixed cost associated with each lot.c. reduce the material cost associated with each lot.d. reduce the manufacturing cost associated with each lot.e. increase the holding cost associated with each lot.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate27. A price discount where the pricing schedule offers discounts based on thequantity ordered in a single lot isa. customer based.b. lot size based.c. supplier based.d. volume based.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy28. A price discount where the discount is based on the total quantity purchased overa given period, regardless of the number of lots purchased over that period isa. customer based.b. lot size based.c. supplier based.d. volume based.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate29. Pricing schedules with all unit quantity discounts encourage retailers toa. decrease the size of their lots.b. increase the size of their lots.c. decrease the size of their inventory.d. increase the price of their products.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy30. Marginal unit quantity discounts have also been referred to asa. all unit quantity discounts.b. basic quantity discounts.c. elevated quantity discounts.d. multi-block tariffs.e. tariffs.Answer: d Difficulty:Moderate31. In the pricing schedule for marginal unit quantity discountsa. the average cost of a unit decreases at a breakpoint.b. the average cost of a unit increases at a breakpoint.c. the marginal cost of a unit decreases at a breakpoint.d. the marginal cost of a unit increases at a breakpoint.e. the average cost and the marginal cost of a unit decrease at a breakpoint.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate32. Quantity discounts lead toa. a significant buildup of cycle inventory in the supply chain.b. a slight buildup of cycle inventory in the supply chain.c. a decrease in cycle inventory in the supply chain.d. minor fluctuations of cycle inventory in the supply chain.e. a major drop in cycle inventory in the supply chain.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate33. For commodity products where price is set by the market, manufacturers can uselot size based quantity discounts toa. achieve coordination in the supply chain and decrease supply chain cost.b. relax coordination in the supply chain and increase supply chain cost.c. relax coordination in the supply chain and decrease supply chain cost.d. achieve coordination in the supply chain and decrease supply chain cost.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy34. In a supply chain where each stage of the supply chain independently makes itspricing decisions with the objective of maximizing its own profit,a. supply chain profit is lower than a coordinated solution.b. supply chain profit is higher than a coordinated solution.c. supply chain profit is about the same as a coordinated solution.d. supply chain profit will be maximized.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy35. For products where the firm has market power, coordination in the supply chaincan be achieved and supply chain profits maximized through the use ofa. two-part tariffs or volume based quantity discounts.b. marginal unit quantity discounts.c. all unit quantity discounts.d. basic quantity discounts.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy36. The practice where a firm charges differential prices to maximize profits isa. lot pricing.b. marginal pricing.c. price incrimination.d. price discrimination.e. all of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate37. Discounts related to price discrimination will bea. volume based.b. unit based.c. marginally based.d. lot size based.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Hard38. The goal of trade promotions is toa. influence retailers to act in a way that helps the retailer achieve itsobjectives.b. influence retailers to act in a way that helps the manufacturer achieve itsobjectives.c. influence retailers to act in a way that will maximize supply chain profit.d. influence retailers to act in a way minimize supply chain cost.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard39. Which of the following is not a key goal (from the manufacturer’s perspective) ofa trade promotion?a. Induce retailers to use price discounts, displays, or advertising to spursales.b. Shift inventory from the manufacturer to the retailer and the customer.c. Shift inventory from the retailer to the customer.d. Defend a brand against competition.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate40. Which of the following is a possible response that a retailer could make to a tradepromotion?a. Pass through some or all of the promotion to customers to spur sales.b. Pass through very little of the promotion to customers but purchase ingreater quantity during the promotion period to exploit the temporaryreduction in price.c. Shift inventory from the retailer to the customer.d. a and b onlye. b and c onlyAnswer: d Difficulty:Hard41. When the retailer decides to pass through some or all of the promotion tocustomers to spur sales, the result isa. a lowering of the price of the product for the end customer.b. increased purchases and thus increased sales for the entire supply chain.c. an increase in the amount of inventory held at the retailer.d. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: e Difficulty:Hard42. When the retailer decides to pass through very little of the promotion tocustomers but purchase in greater quantity during the promotion period to exploit the temporary reduction in price, the result isa. a lowering of the price of the product for the end customer.b. increased purchases and thus increased sales for the entire supply chain.c. an increase in the amount of inventory held at the retailer.d. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard43. The manufacturer can justify offering trade promotions resulting in forward buyingby retailers whena. they have inadvertently built up a lot of excess inventory.b. the forward buy allows the manufacturer to smooth demand by shifting itfrom peak to low-demand periods.c. the retailer decreases his total cost.d. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: e Difficulty:Hard44. The retailer can justify the forward buying whena. they have inadvertently built up a lot of excess inventory.b. the forward buy allows the manufacturer to smooth demand by shifting it frompeak to low-demand periods.c. it decreases his total cost.d. all of the abovee. a and c onlyAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard45. Replenishment orders in multi-echelon supply chains should bea. synchronized to increase cycle inventory and order costs.b. synchronized to facilitate supplier evaluation and selection.c. synchronized to keep cycle inventory and order costs low.d. separated to increase cycle inventory and order costs.e. separated to keep cycle inventory and order costs low.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard46. When developing estimates for holding and ordering costs, it is important toa. estimate these costs to a high level of precision.b. get a good approximation quickly.c. develop estimates that will not be changed.d. both a and ce. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate47. Which cost takes into account the return demanded on the firm’s equity and theamount the firm must pay on its debt?a. cost of capitalb. obsolescence (spoilage) costc. handling costd. occupancy coste. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy48. Which cost estimates the rate at which the value of the product being storeddrops either because the market value of that product drops or because theproduct quality deteriorates?a. cost of capitalb. obsolescence (spoilage) costc. handling costd. occupancy coste. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy49. Which cost should only include receiving and storage costs that vary with thequantity of product received?a. cost of capitalb. obsolescence (spoilage) costc. handling costd. occupancy coste. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate50. Which cost should reflect the incremental change in space cost due to changingcycle inventory?a. cost of capitalb. obsolescence (spoilage) costc. handling costd. occupancy coste. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate51. Which of the following would not be a component of order cost?a. buyer timeb. transportation costc. handling costd. receiving coste. All of the above are components of order cost.Answer: cDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1. Discuss the role of cycle inventory in the supply chain.Answer: The primary role of cycle inventory is to allow different stages in thesupply chain to purchase product in lot sizes that minimize the sum of thematerial, ordering, and holding cost. If a manager were considering the holdingcost alone, he or she would reduce the lot size and cycle inventory. Economiesof scale in purchasing and ordering, however, motivate a manager to increasethe lot size and cycle inventory. A manager must make the trade-off thatminimizes the total cost when making the lot sizing decision. Ideally, cycleinventory decisions should be made considering the total cost across the entiresupply chain. In practice, however, each stage often makes its cycle inventorydecisions independently. As we discuss later in the chapter, this practiceincreases the level of cycle inventory as well as the total cost in the supply chain.Any stage of the supply chain exploits economies of scale in its replenishmentdecisions in the following three typical situations:1. A fixed cost is incurred each time an order is placed or produced.2. The supplier offers price discounts based on the quantity purchasedper lot.3. The supplier offers short-term discounts or holds trade promotions.Cycle inventory exists in a supply chain because different stages exploiteconomies of scale to lower total cost. The costs considered include materialcost, fixed ordering cost, and holding cost. The supply chain operation phaseoperates on a weekly or daily time horizon and deals with decisions c oncerningindividual customer orders.Difficulty: Hard2. Describe the impact of trade promotions on cycle inventory.Answer: Manufacturers use trade promotions to offer a discounted price and atime period over which the discount is effective. The goal of trade promotions is to influence retailers to act in a way that helps the manufacturer achieve itsobjectives. A few of the key goals (from the manufacturer’s p erspective) of atrade promotion are as follows:1. Induce retailers to use price discounts, displays, or advertising to spursales.2. Shift inventory from the manufacturer to the retailer and the customer.3. Defend a brand against competition.In response to a trade promotion, the retailer has the following options:1. Pass through some or all of the promotion to customers to spur sales.2. Pass through very little of the promotion to customers but purchase ingreater quantity during the promotion period to exploit the temporaryreduction in price.The first action lowers the price of the product for the end customer, leading toincreased purchases and thus increased sales for the entire supply chain. Thesecond action does not increase purchases by the customer but increases theamount of inventory held at the retailer. As a result, the cycle inventory and flow time within the supply chain increase.Trade promotions lead to a significant increase in lot size and cycle inventorybecause of forward buying by the retailer. This generally results in reducedsupply chain profits unless the trade promotion reduces demand fluctuations.The retailer can justify the forward buying because it decreases his total cost. In contrast, the manufacturer can justify this action only if they have eitherinadvertently built up a lot of excess inventory or the forward buy allows themanufacturer to smooth demand by shifting it from peak to low-demand periods.In practice, manufacturers often build up inventory in anticipation of plannedpromotions. During the trade promotion, this inventory shifts to the retailer,primarily as a forward buy. If the forward buy during trade promotions is asignificant fraction of total sales, manufacturers end up reducing the revenuesthey earn from sales because most of the product is sold at a discount. Theincrease in inventory and the decrease in revenues often leads to a reduction in manufacturer profits as a result of trade promotions. Total supply chain profitsalso decrease because of an increase in inventory.Difficulty: Hard3. Discuss the characteristics of a successful multi-echelon supply chain.。

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