[英语考试]高等教育自学考试英语词汇学第一章到第八章必背考点

• In Modern English, word endings were mostly lost.
growth of present-day English vocabulary
There are three main sources of new words:
• 1. The rapid development of modern science and technology;
development (现代英语词汇发展的三种模式)
• The Indo-European family
is made up of
most of the language of Europe, the Near East, and India.
• The Indo-European language family fall into 8 principal groups，(语族）
content words and functional words
• By notion,words can be grouped into content words and functional words.
• Content words (notional word) – denote clear notions.
• bound morpheme refers to a morpheme that accurs with at least one other morpheme.
The types of morphemes
•
free morpheme=free root
• Morpheme
bound root
• There is no logical relationship between
the sound and meaning. • The relationship between them is
arbitrary and conventional.
relationship between the sound and form
• Word --- A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
relationship between the sound and meaning
like modern German.
middle English (1150-1500)
• Middle English was one of leveled ending.
modern English (1500-up to now)
• Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England.
which can be grouped into
an Eastern set, and a Western set.
old English (450-1150)
• Old English has a vocabulary of about
50000 to 60000 words. • It was a highly inflected language just
• Functional word (empty word, form word) – do not have notions of their own, express the relation between notions, words and sentences.
Chapter 2
The Development of the English Vocabulary
• 1. Old English Period or The Anglo-Saxon Period (450-1100) • Old English has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60000 words. • It was a highly inflected language
• In the earliest stage of English,the written
form agreed with the oral form.
• In other words, the sound was similar to
the form.
• The difference between sound and form result from 4 major factors.
vocabulary
• Vocabulary --- all the words in a language make up its vocabulary .
• The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over 1 million words.
• 2. Social, economic and political changes; • 3. The influence of other cultures and
languages.
modes (模式) of vocabulary development
• Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels:
• Morpheme(词素)---the minimal meaningful unit of a language.
源自文库
3.3 types of morphemes
• Free morphemes （自由词素） • Bound morphemes （粘附词素）
• a free morpheme refers to a morpheme that can stand alone.
• 2 Middle English Period (1150-1500)
• English, Latin and French existed side by side. • Middle English was one of leveled endings.
• 3 Modern English Period (1500-now):
•
bound morpheme
derivational
•
affix
•
inflectional
•
• •
•
prefix suffix
Chapter 4 word formation Ⅱ
• The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on
• early modern English (1500-1700) • late modern English(1700-up to now)
• In modern English, word endings were mostly lost.
• English has evolved from
a synthetic language [sin‘θetik] 综合性语言
(Old English) to the present
analytic language [ænə’lɪtɪk] 分析性语言.
summary
• The Three Stages of Development of the English Vocabulary
• c). Some of the differences were created by the early scribes.(printing freezed the spelling of words in 1500)
• d). English Borrowed words from other languages.
• a). the internal reason is English alphabet does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language.
• b). Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling
English lexicology
review 1-8
Chapter 1
Basic concepts of words and vocabulary
• In this chapter, you will study… • The relation between sound and meaning • The relation between sound and form • The relation between words and vocabulary • Vocabulary claasification
claassification of words
• The English vocabulary can be classified by different criteria and for different purposes.
• Words may fall
into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary
• The Fundamental Features of the Basic Word Stock:
• 1)All National character（全民性most ） important • 2)Stability（稳定性） • 3)Productivity（多产性） • 4)Polysemy（多义性） • 5)Collocability（搭配性）
• Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England. • early modern English (1500-1700) • late modern English(1700-up to now) • English absorbs words from all major languages of the world.
creation, semantic change, borrowing.
Chapter 3 word formationⅠ构词法
• In this chapter, you will learn: • Definition of morpheme, morph,
allomorph • Types of morpheme • The difference between root and stem
Non-basic vocabulary --
• (1)Terminology(术语) • (2)Jargon（行话） • (3)slang（俚语） • (4)Argot（暗语） • （5）Dialectal words(方言) • (6) Archaisms（古语） • (7) Neologisms（新词语）
by use frequency,
into content words and functional words
by notion,
and into native words and borrowed words
by origin.
basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary
• In this chapter, you will learn: • Language family (语系), language group(语族) • the three periods of the development of
English vocabulary (英语词汇发展的三个阶段) • Three modes of modern English vocabulary