高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义(9)被动语态知识点整理总结(含练习与解析)

2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（9）
被动语态知识点整理总结
被动语态是中高考经常考的语法之一，也是日常口语和写作中必不可少的句子形式，今天笔者就带大家一起来学习它。

01 被动语态的概念
所谓被动语态是相当于主动语态而言的。

如果主语是动作的执行者，那么我们就称其为主动语态，反之，如果主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象，那我们就称其为被动语态。

如：
主: Many people speak Chinese.
被: Chinese is spoken by many people.
02 被动语态的结构
被动语态由"be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来。

下面通过speak来说明常见时态的被动语态：一般现在时
am/is/are＋spoken
一般过去时
was/were＋spoken
一般将来时
will/shall be＋spoken
现在进行时
am/is/are being＋spoken
过去进行时
was/were being＋spoken
现在完成时
have/has been＋spoken
过去完成时
had been + spoken
03 被动语态的执行者
被动语态的执行者一般以by+人/物来引出。

如果没有执行者或没必要说出执行者，则可以省略这部分。

如：
Some computers were stolen last night.
无法确定执行者，因此无by结构。

The glass was broken by Mike.
执行者是Mike，所以这里用by引出。

04 含有情态动词的被动语态
用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。

如：
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
05 特殊情况主动变被动
make/let+sb+do变为被动要还原to。

如：
He made the boy work for two hours a day.
The boy was made to work for two hours a day.
双宾语结构的物做被动语态主语时，后面要还原出介词。

如：Jack gave Peter a present just now.
A present was given to Peter just now.
巩固练习
1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time.
A. sold
B. had been sold
C. were sold
D. would sell
C 答案解析
sell（卖、销售）在此是及物动词，其后没有宾语，主语they是sell的承受者，优先考虑被动语态选项B和C。

但需注意有些动词，如上面提到的sell既可以用作及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，这就需要具体情况具体分析。

如sell表示销售状况并跟有相应的副词时，一般用作不及物动词。

如：The ticket cost so much and sold badly.
2. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet.
A. hasn’t been decided
B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided
D. aren’t decided
A 答案解析
When and where是一个整体概念，所以用单数。

3. It is said that the early European playing-cards _____ for entertainment and education.
A. were being designed
B. were designed
C. have been designed
D. have designed
B 考点分析基础题
were being designed，过去进行时，肯定是不对的
4. Although the causes of cancer _____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.
A. are being uncovered
B. have been uncovering
C. are uncovering
D. have uncovered
A 考点分析
虽然癌症的起因正在被揭示，但是我们还是没有特殊的方法来阻止它。

从句意上，很明显是被动。

5. Millions of pounds’worth of damage ______ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.
A. has been caused
B. had been caused
C. will be caused
D. will have been caused
A 考点分析—时态的判断
数以百万计英镑价值的损失被昨晚横扫英国北部风暴引起同学们不要被last night迷惑了，高考英语一定要多审题，认真判断时态。