代词,冠词用法

代词

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。

一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、

"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：

数单数复数

格主格宾格主格宾格

第一人称I me we us

第二人称you you you you

he him they them

第三人称she her they them

it it they them

如：Heismyfriend. 他是我的朋友。

It’sme. 是我。

二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。

数单数复数

人称第一第二第三第一第二第三

人称人称人称人称人称人称

形容词性my your his/her itsouryour/their

物主代词

名词性mineyourshis/hersitsoursyours/theirs

物主代词

如：Ilikehiscar.

我喜欢他的小汽车。

Ourschoolishere，andtheirsisthere.

我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。

三、指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。

如：Thatisagoodidea. 那是个好主意。

四、表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。

如：Shewastalkingtoherself. 她自言自语。

五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有eachother和oneanother两组，但在运用中，这两组词没

什么区别。

如：Theyloveeachother. 他们彼此相爱。

六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every 等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody，something，noone。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：

---Doyouhaveacar? --你有一辆小汽车吗？

---Yes，Ihaveone. --是的，我有一辆。

---Idon’tknowanyofthem. 他们，我一个也不认识。

七、疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）

如：Tellmewhoheis. 告诉我他是谁。

八、关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。

如：Heisthemanwhomyouhavebeenlookingfor. 他就是你要找的那个人.

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代词的用法

几类代词的相应形式:

人称代词

物主代词

反身代词

主格

宾格

形容词性

名词性

单数

I

I 我

me我

my我的

mine我的

myself我自己

II

you

you

your

your

yourself

III

he

him

his

his

himself

she

her

her

hers

herself

it

it

its

its

itself

复数

I

we

us

our

ours

ourselves

II

you

you

your

yours

Yourselves

III

they

them

their

theirs

themselves

人称代词的用法:1,主格作主语或表语:

She and Tom are good friends.

It's she who wants it.

2. 宾格作及物动词和介词的宾语,还可作表语.

Aunt Li took care of us.

Who is knocking at the door It's me.

物主代词的用法:

形容词性物主代词只能做定语,修饰名词,相当于形容词. My mother is a nurse in a hospital.

Their teacher is coming here.

名词性物主代词可以做主语,宾语和表语,相当于名词.

This is my pen, yours is lost.(yours=your pen)

The best composition is hers. (hers= her composition)

I can't find my ruler, I have to use hers. (hers = her ruler)

反身代词的用法:

反身代词表示主语发生的动作落在主语自己身上,或用来加强名词或代词的语气.

作主语:I hope he didn't hurt herself. She taught herself English.

同位语: You yourself said so. You can do it yourself.

常与以下动词连用:

hurt, dress, enjoy, say to, talk to, teach, wash, help

还可以与介词连用:by oneself [自己(不需要别人帮忙)] for oneself (替自己,为自己)

to oneself(供自己用)

不定代词及用法:

(一)可分为普通不定代词,个体不定代词和数量不定代词:

通不定代词:some, any, no, somebody, nobody, anybody, someone, anyone, no one, something, anything, nothing, one

个体不定代词:all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, everybody, everyone, everything

数量不定代词:many, much, few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, lots of

(二) 普通不定代词的用法(部分):

some一般用于肯定句, 当预期对方作肯定回答时也用于疑问句:

Could you please give me some information about ir

还用于表示要求和提供某物的句子:

Would you like some tea

2. any 的用法: (1)用于否定句及含有否定意义词(hardly, never, no)的句子中:

I have hardly any time.

(2)用于疑问句中和条件句中: Do you see any birds in the tree

(3) some, any, no, 与one, thing, body 构成的合成词的用法:这些代词都表示单数的概念,some, any与one, thing, body构成的合成词的区别与和的用法基本相同.

There is someone looking for you outside.

If you want anything, call me, please.

这些代词如被定语修饰, 应放在定语前,如被else修饰,也放在else前:

Is there anything new in the newspaper

I'm afraid I can't help you, you'd better ask someone else.

3. other, another 的用法:

两者均可指人,也可指物,other 意为"另外",不确指,需要确指时前加定冠词the, the other,,意为another"另一个":

other: (1)后跟名词(单,复),泛指"别的,其他的"

The Great Wall is longer than any other wall in the world.

I'll go swimming with other friends tomorrow.

the other后跟名词单或数,或后不跟名词, 特指两者中的另一个:

At last we got the other side of the river.

Thirty are girls and the other students are boys in our class.

I have two pens, one is blue and the other is red.