翻译省略法

2.省略从属连词
（1）省略表示原因的连词
英语因果句中一般用连接词表示原因，而汉语则往往 通过词序先后来表示因果关系，“因”在前，“果” 在后。因此，英译汉时往往可以把原文中这种连接 词省掉不译。 eg: We knew spring was coming as (because) we had seen a robin. 我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了。 As it is late, you had better go home. 时间不早了，你最好回家去吧。
eg: The average American changes his or her job nine or ten times during his or her working life. 普通美国人(‧‧‧‧‧‧)一生中至少要换九到十次 (‧‧‧‧‧‧)工作。
（二）省略非人称的或强调句中的it
eg: We live and learn. (‧‧‧‧‧‧)活到老，学到老。
eg: You can never tell. (‧‧‧‧‧‧)很难说。
eg: Even as the doctor was recommending rest, he knew that this in itself was not enough, that one could never get real rest without a peacefu mind. 尽管医生建议休息，但他也知道休息本身是不够的， 如果心情不平静，(‧‧‧‧‧‧)是休息不好的。
• • • • • If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ If I had known it, I would not have joined in it. 早知如此，我就不参加了。 If you write to him, the response would be absolute silence and void. • 你给他写信永远都是石沉大海。
• （2）英译汉时，省略原文中的冠词是一般情况。 但在某些场合，冠词却不能省略。 • He left without saying a word. • 他一句话不说就走了。(不定冠词a或an指“一” 时，不能省) • The child are of an age. • 这些孩子都是同岁。 • The onlooker saw the little party climb ashore. • 看得人只见那一小队人爬上岸去。 • This is the book you wanted. • 这就是你想要的那本书。
• When I said nothing was wrong, my mother answered, “You are my daughter, when something is bothering you, I feel it too.” • 我跟她说一切正常，母亲回答道：“你是我女儿， 你有烦心事，我也能感觉到”。
eg: You must excuse me, I shall not speak of the matter again. 请你原谅，我以后不再提这事了。
eg: In fact he showed quite clearly that the Copernican ideas were correct. But he did not say openly that he accepted them. 事实上，他相当清楚地表明，哥白尼的学说是正确的； 只是他没有公开宣布接受。
(一)省代词
1.省略做主语的人称代词
（1）根据汉语习惯，前句出现一个主语， 后句如仍为同一主语，就不必重复出现。 英语中通常每句都有主语，因此人称代词 做主语往往多次出现，这种人称代词汉译 时常常可以省略。
eg: He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴，(‧‧‧‧‧‧)看上去一副可怜相 eg: Laura wished now that she was not holding that piece of bread-and-butter, but there was nowhere to put it and she couldn't possibly throw it away. 这时劳拉宁愿(‧‧‧‧‧‧‧)手里没有这块涂上黄油的面 包， 拿着又没有地方放，(‧‧‧‧‧‧)又不可能扔掉。
• （3）省略表示时间的连词 • 表示时间关系的when和as等，汉译时一般用 “当……时”，或仅用“时”。但如汉语时 间先后次序明显，为了简略起见，“当…… 时”或“时”往往可以省略。
• When at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully. • 最后他站到了悬崖上，转过身来，犹豫地看着他的 妹妹。 • Sunday is the day when I am least busy. • 周日我最闲。
（三）省略连接词
汉语词语之间连接词用的不多，其上下逻辑关系常、 常是暗含的，由词语的次序来表示。英语则不然， 连接词用得比较多。因此英译汉时在很多情况下可 不必把连接词译出来。
1.省略并列连接词
eg: He looks gloomy and troubled.
他看上去有些忧愁不安。
eg: Despite the privation, and the mounting toll of dead and wounded, however, morale remained intact, and people still in the street. 尽管供应不足，伤亡不断增加，然而士气并未 受到影响。街上，人们依然脸有笑容。
eg: An animal is depentent on the oxygen which he inhales for his very existence. 动物离不开氧气，因为要生存(‧‧‧‧‧‧)就必须吸入氧 气。
（2）泛指的英语人称代词做主语时，即使是 做第一个主语，译文中往往也可以省略。
it也是一种代词，但这里主要是讲它的两 种特殊用法，即非人称用和强调用。英语 中这样用的it，汉译时往往可以省略不译。
1.非人称用it
eg: Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑，倾盆大雨。 eg: It was just growing dark as she shut the garden gate. 她关上园门时，已是暮色苍苍了。 eg: It was a cold, dark day, the sky overcast. 寒冷阴沉的一天，乌云密布。
• The sky was blue and the sun was shining. • 天空是蓝色的，太阳正照耀着。 • The proletariat and the peasantry must unite. • 无产阶级和农民阶级必须联合起来。（省略表示阶级 的定冠词The） • The war escalated, on the ground, in the air, and at sea. • 战争在地面、空中以及海上全面升级。
eg: It is in the plant that we work together with the workers. 就是在这个工厂内，我们同工人一起劳动。 eg: It is only shallow people who judge by appearances. 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。
2.强调用it
eg: It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house. 他费了不少劲儿才找到了回家的路。
eg: It was only then that I began to have doubts whather my story would ever be told. 只是在这个时候，我才开始怀疑，我的经历究竟 能不能公之于众呢！
（四）省略冠词
• (1) 英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词；因此，英译汉时往往 可将冠词省略。 • A teacher should have patience in his work. • 当教员的应当有耐心。（省略表示类别的不定冠词A） • The moon was slowly rising above the sea. • 月亮慢慢从海上升起。（省略表示独一无二的事物的 定冠词The） • It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past. • 在过去，飞往月球是绝对办不到的事情。
省略法Omission
省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因 为译文中虽无其词而已有其意，或者在译文中 是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一下可有 可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习 惯的词。但省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容 删去。现从语法角度和修辞角度分别举例探讨 省略法。
从语法的角度看
• • • • • 省代词 省略非人称的或强调句中的it 省略连接词 省略冠词 省略前置词
eg: He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. 他耸耸(‧‧‧‧‧‧)肩，摇摇(‧‧‧‧‧‧)头，(‧‧‧‧‧‧)两 眼看天，一句话不说。
eg: They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make up their own minds. 他们为能(‧‧‧‧‧‧)独立行事，为(‧‧‧‧‧‧)有权作出自 己的决定而感到自豪。
2.省略做宾语的代词 英语中有些做宾语的代词，不管前面是否提 到过，翻译时往往可以省略。
eg: The more he tried to hid his warts, the more he revealed them. 他越是要掩盖他的烂疮疤，就越是会暴露(‧‧‧‧‧‧)。
eg: She laid her hands lightly on his arms as if to thank him for it. 她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感谢(‧‧‧‧‧‧)。
• Because they misunderstand the intended meaning, they commonly react in an unsupportive manner.
• 他们误解了女人想要表达的意思，便常常 以不赞同的态度来回答她们。
• （2）省略表示条件的连词 • 表示条件的连词if,一般译为“假如”，“如 果”等，但在日常口语体或文言文结构中， 往往可以省略不译。
3.省略物主代词
英语中的物主代词，汉译时往往可以省略，例 如 I wash my face in the morning，汉语只需说 “我早上洗脸”，而不必说“我早上洗我的脸”。 eg: She went, with her neat figure, and her sober womanly step, down the dark street. 她顺着黑暗的街道走去，显出利落匀称的身材， 迈着端庄的女人的步子。
eg: They have courage and来自百度文库do not given in easily. 他们有勇气，不会轻易屈服。 eg: Foreigners sometimes complain, however, that they have little interest in or knowledge of the outside world. 有时候外国人却抱怨说，美国人对外部世界漠 不关心，一无所知。