翻译省略法

eg: You must excuse me, I shall not speak of the matter again. 请你原谅，我以后不再提这事了。

eg: In fact he showed quite clearly that the Copernican ideas were correct. But he did not say openly that he accepted them. 事实上，他相当清楚地表明，哥白尼的学说是正确的； 只是他没有公开宣布接受。
• （2）英译汉时，省略原文中的冠词是一般情况。 但在某些场合，冠词却不能省略。 • He left without saying a word. • 他一句话不说就走了。(不定冠词a或an指“一” 时，不能省) • The child are of an age. • 这些孩子都是同岁。 • The onlooker saw the little party climb ashore. • 看得人只见那一小队人爬上岸去。 • This is the book you wanted. • 这就是你想要的那本书。
3.省略物主代词
英语中的物主代词，汉译时往往可以省略，例 如 I wash my face in the morning，汉语只需说 “我早上洗脸”，而不必说“我早上洗我的脸”。 eg: She went, with her neat figure, and her sober womanly step, down the dark street. 她顺着黑暗的街道走去，显出利落匀称的身材， 迈着端庄的女人的步子。
eg: He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. 他耸耸(‧‧‧‧‧‧)肩，摇摇(‧‧‧‧‧‧)头，(‧‧‧‧‧‧)两 眼看天，一句话不说。
eg: They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make up their own minds. 他们为能(‧‧‧‧‧‧)独立行事，为(‧‧‧‧‧‧)有权作出自 己的决定而感到自豪。
eg: We live and learn. (‧‧‧‧‧‧)活到老，学到老。
eg: You can never tell. (‧‧‧‧‧‧)很难说。
eg: Even as the doctor was recommending rest, he knew that this in itself was not enough, that one could never get real rest without a peacefu mind. 尽管医生建议休息，但他也知道休息本身是不够的， 如果心情不平静，(‧‧‧‧‧‧)是休息不好的。
• • • • • If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ If I had known it, I would not have joined in it. 早知如此，我就不参加了。 If you write to him, the response would be absolute silence and void. • 你给他写信永远都是石沉大海。
省略法Omission
省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因 为译文中虽无其词而已有其意，或者在译文中 是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一下可有 可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习 惯的词。但省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容 删去。现从语法角度和修辞角度分别举例探讨 省略法。
从语法的角度看
• • • • • 省代词 省略非人称的或强调句中的it 省略连接词 省略冠词 省略前置词
eg: It is in the plant that we work together with the workers. 就是在这个工厂内，我们同工人一起劳动。 eg: It is only shallow people who judge by appearances. 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。
（三）省略连接词
汉语词语之间连接词用的不多，其上下逻辑关系常、 常是暗含的，由词语的次序来表示。英语则不然， 连接词用得比较多。因此英译汉时在很多情况下可 不必把连接词译出来。
1.省略并列连接词
eg: He looks gloomy and troubled.
他看上去有些忧愁不安。
eg: Despite the privation, and the mounting toll of dead and wounded, however, morale remained intact, and people still in the street. 尽管供应不足，伤亡不断增加，然而士气并未 受到影响。街上，人们依然脸有笑容。
eg: The average American changes his or her job nine or ten times during his or her working life. 普通美国人(‧‧‧‧‧‧)一生中至少要换九到十次 (‧‧‧‧‧‧)工作。
（二）省略非人称的或强调句中的it
(一)省代词
1.省略做主语的人称代词
（1）根据汉语习惯，前句出现一个主语， 后句如仍为同一主语，就不必重复出现。 英语中通常每句都有主语，因此人称代词 做主语往往多次出现，这种人称代词汉译 时常常可以省略。
eg: He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴，(‧‧‧‧‧‧)看上去一副可怜相 eg: Laura wished now that she was not holding that piece of bread-and-butter, but there was nowhere to put it and she couldn't possibly throw it away. 这时劳拉宁愿(‧‧‧‧‧‧‧)手里没有这块涂上黄油的面 包， 拿着又没有地方放，(‧‧‧‧‧‧)又不可能扔掉。
• When I said nothing was wrong, my mother answered, “You are my daughter, when something is bothering you, I feel it too.” • 我跟她说一切正常，母亲回答道：“你是我女儿， 你有烦心事，我也能感觉到”。
（四）省略冠词
• (1) 英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词；因此，英译汉时往往 可将冠词省略。 • A teacher should have patience in his work. • 当教员的应当有耐心。（省略表示类别的不定冠词A） • The moon was slowly rising above the sea. • 月亮慢慢从海上升起。（省略表示独一无二的事物的 定冠词The） • It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past. • 在过去，飞往月球是绝对办不到的事情。
eg: An animal is depentent on the oxygen which he inhales for his very existence. 动物离不开氧气，因为要生存(‧‧‧‧‧‧)就必须吸入氧 气。
（2）泛指的英语人称代词做主语时，即使是 做第一个主语，译文中往往也可以省略。
• The sky was blue and the sun was shining. • 天空是蓝色的，太阳正照耀着。 • The proletariat and the peasantry must unite. • 无产阶级和农民阶级必须联合起来。（省略表示阶级 的定冠词The） • The war escalated, on the ground, in the air, and at sea. • 战争在地面、空中以及海上全面升级。
2.省略从属连词
（1）省略表示原因的连词
英语因果句中一般用连接词表示原因，而汉语则往往 通过词序先后来表示因果关系，“因”在前，“果” 在后。因此，英译汉时往往可以把原文中这种连接 词省掉不译。 eg: We knew spring was coming as (because) we had seen a robin. 我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了。 As it is late, you had better go home. 时间不早了，你最好回家去吧。
• （3）省略表示时间的连词 • 表示时间关系的when和as等，汉译时一般用 “当……时”，或仅用“时”。但如汉语时 间先后次序明显，为了简略起见，“当…… 时”或“时”往往可以省略。
• When at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully. • 最后他站到了悬崖上，转过身来，犹豫地看着他的 妹妹。 • Sunday is the day when I am least busy. • 周日我最闲。
2.强调用it
eg: It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house. 他费了不少劲儿才找到了回家的路。
eg: It was only then that I began to have doubts whather my story would ever be told. 只是在这个时候，我才开始怀疑，我的经历究竟 能不能公之于众呢！
it也是一种代词，但这里主要是讲它的两 种特殊用法，即非人称用和强调用。英语 中这样用的it，汉译时往往可以省略不译。