奥巴马演讲《A More Perfect Union》说服力分析

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奥巴马获胜演说的认同理论修辞分析

关键词：同理论；认肯尼斯・伯克；修辞策略
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语言与政治有着十分紧密的联系，内许多学者国伯克认为，修辞活动的本质和标志是认同。一个曾从文体学、统功能语言学、系符号学、播学、用人通过共同的或相似的情感、值、想或职业与别传语价思
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奥巴马获胜演说的认同理论修辞分析
王旭东
（河南机电高等专科学校外语系，河南新乡４３０）５００摘要：借鉴西方修辞学家肯尼斯・克的认同理论，伯以奥巴马的获胜演说作为研究语料，析演讲者从内容与形分式两个方面拉近与听众的距离、得认同、取达到同体，促进合作，而实现其演讲动机，从完成其演讲目的。
符号尤其是语言与听众取得“ 认同” 即像听众那样所，２认同理论在奥巴马获胜演讲中的体现思、说、行。认同是伯克新修辞学理论中的核心所所内容，是他的整个动机理论中的一个重要概念。又认同来源于修辞语篇的内容和形式的互动，而因 “ 同” 自于 “ 质 ” ｓｂｔｎｅ这一概念，是由认同策略可以分为内容认同和形式认同两大类。演认来物（ｕｓｃ）ａ人对误各种实质或特性构成的，括有形的物质、业、讲者在演说过程中通过诉诸同情认同、立认同、包职朋同时也通过传友、行为、价值等。当我们与他人具有某种共同特性，同等认同策略与其听众实现内容认同；我们就取得与他人的认同 “ 。即统形式、重复形式、推进形式及次要形式与听众实现

奥巴马就职演说的评析_0

奥巴马就职演说的评析篇一：奥巴马就职演说译文三个版本评析翻译学习：奥巴马就职演说译文三个版本评析 (1)中英对照：奥巴马就职演说全文 (4)奥巴马就职演说译文第二版本 (13)奥巴马就职演说译文第三版本 (15)翻译学习：奥巴马就职演说译文三个版本评析20XX年01月24日10:38沪江英语网我要评论(0)字号：T|T转播到腾讯微博奥巴马就职演说译文第一版本（中英双语）>>>奥巴马就职演说译文第二版本>>>奥巴马就职演说译文第三版本>>>可以说，三个版本的译文各有特色，第一版本全文翻译了奥巴马的演说辞，字斟句酌地翻译了原文的每一个词句。

第二版本和第三版本的译文都采取了摘译的方式，但二者亦有所不同。

第二版本采取了摘编的方式，对奥巴马演讲的内容进行分门别类，分为美国建国精神、经济、医疗、气候、国防、民生等方面，选译了其中最重要的一些内容。

而第三版本的译文则采取了新闻报道的方式，通过视角转换使译者介入到译文之中，文中使用了―奥巴马称‖等叙事引导词。

因为第一版本的译文是全译，所以可以全面反映奥巴马演讲的内容和风貌。

该译文总体上能够把握美国总统演讲的特点，采用了非常朴素的语言，以尽量贴近原义的方式译出了原文的意思。

例如:1.Thepatriotsof1776didnotfighttoreplacethetyrannyofakingwiththeprivile gesofafewortheruleofamob.1776年，美国的爱国先驱们不是只为了推翻国王的暴政而战，也不是为赢得少数人的特权，建立暴民的统治。

该版本的译文也注意到了演说辞中的系统隐喻journey在全文所起的统领作用，对诸多其他隐喻也能够译出其隐含的意思，在排比的处理上注意到了用词的变化，在用典的处理上，使用了解释性翻译手段，帮助读者了解文化背景。

例如：2.we,thepeople,declaretodaythatthemostevidentoftruths–thatallofusarecreatedequal–isthestarthatguidesusstill;justasitguidedour forebearsthroughSenecaFalls,andSelma,andStonewall;justasitguidedalltho semenandwomen,sungandunsung,wholeftfootprintsalongthisgreatmall,toh earapreachersaythatwecannotwalkalone;tohearaKingproclaimthatourindividualfreedomisinextricablyboundtothefreedomofeverysoulonEarth.我们，人民，今天昭示的最明白的事实是——我们所有人都是生而平等的，这是依然引领我们的恒星。

奥巴马英语演讲的技巧

奥巴马英语演讲的技巧演讲是修辞的最旱来源，两者关系密切.修辞手法是修辞学研究的重要内容，也是演讲中常用的语言技巧.排比是英语演讲中是最常见的修辞手法.本文以美国总统当选人奥巴马的荻胜演讲为例，分析了排比在其中的运用及其修辞作用，以期对修辞教学和英语演讲有一定的借鉴作用。

下面是小编为大家收集关于奥巴马英语演讲的技巧，欢迎借鉴参考。

或许你会认为，奥巴马之所以能当选美国总统，全都要归功于他杰出的演讲才能。

追溯到 2004年，当时民主党的总统候选人还是马萨诸塞州参议员John Kerry，在一次民主党全国代表大会上，一位名不见经传的伊利诺斯州参议员发表了主题演讲。

那个参议员便是奥巴马。

那是一场十分精彩的演讲--诗一般的语言充满了振奋人心的力量，令人过耳难忘。

从2004年开始，奥巴马至今已创作发表了上万场演说。

这些演讲屡获赞扬的原因大致可归结为两点：一，将观众视为有智慧的成年人来对待;二，以直率自然的方式来表达复杂难懂的理念。

在当选总统前，奥巴马曾做过律师、大学教授。

他还是一位成功的作家，出版的两部回忆录都非常畅销。

正是这些早年在工作中锻炼出的技能，让他得以成为一名成功的演说家。

身为律师，奥巴马懂得如何在辩论中给出令人信服的有力论据。

而身为教授，他明白如何将复杂的事物以学生清晰易懂的方式解释清楚。

同时身为作家，他更精通如何用语言打动观众。

着名流行乐团黑眼豆豆的灵魂人物will.i.am，甚至将奥巴马早期竞选的一篇演讲编成了歌曲。

奥巴马在各种大大小小的场合都发表过演说。

他既能使人捧腹，也可以催人泪下。

无论在什么场合，他的演讲总是那么得体，思想与文笔交相辉映。

下面我们通过个案对奥巴马的演讲进行分析：奥巴马获胜演讲个案分析(一)背景介绍奥巴马于2008年11月4日当选为美国总统。

并于当晚发表了获胜演讲.这次演讲富有很强的号召力和感染力，唤起了民众战胜金融危机的信心和勇气。

现场的无数观众被感动得热泪盈眶.据CNN报道。

a-more-perfect-union-修辞手法解析教学文案

• 这场竞选的第一年里，所有相反的预测被美国人民对于这种团结的渴望所超越。
•Were hungry for=want for
Metaphor
•But the remarks that have caused this recent firestorm weren’t simply controversial. (para.15)
• 流淌的血液是我们的血液，眼泪是我们的眼泪；在这个阳光明媚的日子，这个黑人聚集的教堂，再一次作为桥梁将一个民族的故事汇入未来的世代和更大的世界
• church =vessel
• They are full of dancing, clapping, screaming and shouting that may seem jarring to the untrained ear (para20)
我既接受过美国的精英教育，也在世界上最贫困的国家生活过
the best schools VS the world’s poorest nations.
Antithesis
•…, and that elevates what is wrong with America above all that we know is right with America; (para15)
Antithesis对照,对比
•we may have different stories, but we hold common hopes; that we may not look the same and we may not have come from the same place, but we all want to move in the same direction（para6)

奥巴马胜选演讲语言风格赏析-精选资料

奥巴马胜选演讲语言风格赏析与就职演讲相比，奥巴马胜选演讲的语言风格呈现出用词朴实而寓意深刻，结构简洁而规范严谨的特点。

奥巴马在胜选演讲中善于运用朴实的词汇阐述深奥的政治理念，善于使用感染力强的排比句来带动现场气氛，形成其特有的语言风格。

本文拟以奥巴马2012年11月7日发表的连任胜选演讲为例，从主题、话题、语言风格这三个方面作进一步分析。

一演讲结构井井有条，主题承前启后奥巴马胜选演讲用时二十多分钟，谈了政治、经济、军事、教育、医疗、选举、移民等众多方面的问题，既答谢了方方面面，又充分阐释了自己的政治观点，结构井井有条。

演讲开篇首先点明主题，然后依次表达对各方的感谢，进而阐述政治见解，最后感谢上帝。

这个结构与奥巴马首次胜选演讲如出一辙。

奥巴马首次演讲一开始，他就旗帜鲜明地点明了演讲主题，这次连任演讲也是如此。

奥巴马首次演讲时讲述了一个老妇人深受种族歧视的故事，以此控诉黑人长期遭受的不公平待遇，今天他也讲了一位老父亲和患白血病女儿的故事，以此反映普通民众对民生的基本诉求，而这些正是他赢得民心的法宝。

在确立主题方面，奥巴马采用反复强调的词汇手段，演讲开始他说：Tonight ，more than 200 years after a former colony wonthe right to determine its own destiny ，the task ofperfecting our union moves forward.It moves forward because of you.It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit …在此段演讲中奥巴马连续3次使用move forward ，之后反复提起，forward 一词总共说了9次，达到了强调的作用，使之演讲主题与首次的演讲主题密切关联起来，体现了一种承前启后的关系。

奥巴马首次竞选演讲的主题是：Change has come toAmerica。

奥巴马传奇演讲AMorePerfectUnion一个更完美的城邦中英对译

奥巴马传奇演讲AMorePerfectUnion一个更完美的城邦中英对译第一篇：奥巴马传奇演讲A More Perfect Union一个更完美的城邦中英对译A More Perfect Union Remarks of Senator Barack Obama Philadelphia, PA | March 18, 2008 为了更完美的联邦巴拉克〃奥巴马2008年3月18日在美国宾夕法尼亚州费城的演讲海星译“We the people, in order to form a more perfect union.” “我们[美利坚合众国的]人民，为缔造一个更完美的联邦。

”Two hundred and twenty one years ago, in a hall that still stands across the street, a group of men gathered and, with these simple words, launched America's improbable experiment in democracy.Farmers and scholars;statesmen and patriots who had traveled across an ocean to escape tyranny and persecution finally made real their declaration of independence at a Philadelphia convention that lasted through the spring of 1787.221年前，一群人聚集在至今仍屹立在这条街上的市政厅里，用上述这样简洁的言语，发起了美利坚不可思议的民主实验。

农场主和学者，政治家与爱国者们为逃脱政治专制和宗教迫害，横渡大洋，最终在费城会议上发表了他们的独立宣言。

奥巴马演讲魅力的秘诀

You may think that there’s nothing for you t o l e a r n f r o m B a r a c k O b a m a’s speechmaking skills – that speaking to 200,000 people at Grant Park, Chicago is too far removed from the presentation you m i g h t g i v e t o y o u r s t a f f,t o y o u r management team or to potential clients. Here are six lessons you can learn from Obama’s acceptance speech at Grant Park.美国为这个时代选出了一位最厉害的政治演说家。

你可能觉得巴拉克•奥巴马的演讲对你来说，没什么可以学的。

奥巴马是在芝加哥的格兰特公园，向20万人发表演说，而你要面对的人群是职员、管理团队和潜在客户，你也许觉得这两者根本就不搭调嘛！下面是6个根据奥巴马在格兰特公园发表的提名演讲总结出的演讲技巧，可供您学学。

1. Know your audienceIt would have been easy for Obama to fall into the trap of talking to the 200,000 people before him in Grant Park. He didn’t. He spoke to Americans in their living rooms, he spoke to those who voted for McCain, he spoke to people watching him across the world – leaders and the poorest of the poor. He knew who his audience was.“And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces, to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of the world, our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand.”2. Envelop your point in a storyThe long history of the campaign for civil rights in America made Obama’s election possible. Obama enveloped this point with the story of Anne Dixon Cooper, a 106 year old woman who was born the daughter of slaves, and has lived through the milestons of the civil rights movement.“She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldn’t vote for two reasons — because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin.”That’s far more emotionally engaging than giving us a history lesson.1、了解观众在格兰特公园面对着20万观众演讲，奥巴马很容易踩到地雷。

奥巴马演讲稿分析[修改版]

第一篇：奥巴马演讲稿分析奥巴马就职演讲分析：美国历史上第一位黑人总统奥巴马1月20日在美国华盛顿国会山宣誓就任美国第44任总统，并充满激情地发表了就职演说。

奥巴马创造了美国历史中的很多第一：美国第一位非白种人总统、第一位主要依靠互联网捐款即主要通过普通人支持上台的总统、第一位在席卷全球的经济危机中上台的总统、就职演讲现场参与人数最多、收看人数最多的总统……当黑皮肤的奥巴马手按解放黑奴的偶像——亚伯拉罕•林肯宣誓就职时所用的圣经宣誓就任美国第44任总统时，所有人都知道这是前所未有的历史事件。

通常在这种情况下，要传达的信息会被事件本身的辉煌所湮没。

美国总统宣誓就职典礼一贯壮丽喧嚣，通常这会让演说本身变得黯淡无光，即使是最棒的演说家也难免失色。

但当站在那里的人是奥巴马时，美国人甚至世界上更多的人都相信：如果说有一个人的演说艺术可以登峰造极，那就非他莫属了。

然而，当奥巴马完成历时17分钟的“人生中最重要的一次演讲”后，人们发现，其中似乎找不到一句能够定义时局的经典语句，频频出现的是“国家”、“美国”、“新”、“人民”、“每个人”、“繁荣”以及“世界”这样的词汇。

英国媒体认为，其演讲将自己的理想、面对的挑战及公众的希望融为一体。

“他的演说并没能达到林肯的标准，当然这也许要求过高了。

事实上，奥巴马的演说不能称得上让人耳目一新，人们不可能在一周后还对他的演说片段留有什么印象，更别说是一个世纪以后了。

但公平地说，此次的演说更是针对此时此刻面临的险阻与挑战，它有两个目标受众群：一个是国内怀有希望但是惴惴不安的人，另一个是国外那些心存怀疑但抱有希望的人。

”英国《泰晤士报》给出了这样的评价。

文采“令人失望”全程关注这场就职盛典的美国几大新闻频道的电视评论员，在直播间就毫不客气地指出这位万众瞩目的新总统就职演说“不怎么样”。

刚下台的布什总统的演讲撰稿人迈克尔•盖尔森在福克斯电视台的直播中评论说：“令人意外的是，在这个非同寻常的时刻，演讲从文学角度而言极为平淡。

奥巴马演讲《A More Perfect Union》说服力分析共32页文档

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6、最大的骄傲于最大的自卑都表示心灵的最软弱无力。——斯宾诺莎 7、自知之明是最难得的知识。——西班牙 8、勇气通往天堂，怯懦通往地狱。——塞内加 9、有时候读书是一种巧妙地避开思考的方法。——赫尔普斯 10、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。——笛卡儿
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奥巴马演讲《A More Perfect Union》说服力分析
6、法律的基础有两个，而且只有两个……公平和实用。——伯克 7、有两种和平的暴力，那就是法律和礼节。——歌德
8、法律就是秩序，有好的法律才有好的秩序。——亚里士多德 9、上帝把法律和公平凑合在一起，可是人类却把它拆开。——查·科尔顿 10、一切法律都是无用的，因为好人用不着它们，而坏人又不会因为它们而变得规矩起来。——德谟耶克斯

奥巴马就职演讲的评价

奥巴马就职演讲的评价那些年，奥巴马的就职演说激励了一群人，下面是店铺为大家带来的奥巴马就职演讲的评价，相信对你会有帮助的。

奥巴马就职演讲的评价篇一在这次演讲中，奥巴马讲述了困扰美国许久的问题：部分人的贪婪和不负责任，政府的不及时决策。

而这些问题带来的后果是：人们失去房屋，工作机会减少，商业活动遭到破坏，医疗保证过于昂贵，学校教育系统太多失败，这些都滞后了国家的发展，使对手日益强大。

这是作为世界上最为发达的国家--美国所面临的的挑战。

而中国与之相比，仅仅只是一个发展中国家，它面临的困难程度将会更加剧烈：部分高官，利用手中职权，不顾国家利益，私用公款，吃喝玩乐，追求个人享受，伤害了国家，伤害了人民。

更有领导，面对出现的问题，不是尽责职守，恰恰相反，只为了敷衍了事，把更多的时间与精力用在了拍马屁讨好上级上面，以获得更高的权利。

除此之外，很多国家领导人赐予的重大政策，在一级一级的官员传达中逐渐失去了色调，最终只能是雷声大，雨点小。

可想而知，它们的所作所为的结果只会是：人们生活水平得不到保障，贫困落后依旧，对国家，对政府的不满便由此而生。

因此，奥巴马面临的问题不仅仅是美国的问题，更是所有发展中国家领导人所面临的问题。

要发展，要生存，就必须消灭贪污腐败，彻底改变作风，方能立于世界民族之林。

演讲中，奥巴马同时也提到了义务与权力，付出与收获的相互关系。

美国是一个年轻的国家，可他却是世界上最为强大的国家。

他的成功，离不开一些先辈的流血牺牲，离不开人民的团结努力。

人们渴望平等自由，就必须遵守和睦相处的义务，人们想要和平安定，就必须付出对政府坚定的信心。

得与失只取决于人们的行动。

中国也是一样，一个古老文明的国度，作为每一个属于他的子民，就必须抱着勇于献身的热情去为国家尽一份力，把个人利益得失抛弃一边，让国家的利益放在心头，只有履行爱国的义务，才会拥有国家的庇护。

如不然，国不能自保，又怎样去为他的子民在风雨中撑起一个温暖的怀抱。

奥巴马a-more-perfect-union中文

奥巴马a-more-perfect-union中文第一篇：奥巴马a-more-perfect-union中文“我们合众国的人民，为了建立更加完善的联邦……221年前，在对面街角那座至今仍旧巍然挺立的大厅中，美国自由的先驱聚集在一起，用简单的语词，启动了在当时看来不可能完成的民主试验。

这些为逃避暴虐与压迫而远涉重洋来到北美大陆的农场主、学者、政治家和爱国者终于在1787年春天的费城会议上将独立从宣言变为现实。

这份文件最终签署，但事实上从未完成，它沾上了这个国家奴隶制的原罪。

在那个不得不妥协的（是否保留奴隶制）的问题上各殖民地莫衷一是，将整个会议引入夭折的泥潭。

联邦的创建者们选择将这个问题留给后人来解决，一个至少允许奴隶制存在20年的妥协不想一直延续了220多年。

从一开始，奴隶制问题的答案就已深埋于宪法之中了――我们宪法的核心就是法律之下的平等理想，它保证其人民自由、公正，以及能够并且应该随着时间而不断趋向完善的联邦。

但是，羊皮纸上的词句却不曾让奴隶们挣脱束缚，完整地赋予各种肤色、各种信仰的人们作为合众国公民的权利和义务。

还需要一代接一代的仁人志士用大街小巷的奔走抗议、用法庭上的据理力争，甚至诉诸于战争与对抗，冒着巨大的风险――去缩小承诺与现实的差距。

从一开始我们就将建国先父们的美好愿望融入到了这次竞选之中――继续前人的长征，继续这个旨在建立更加公正、平等、自由、博爱、繁荣美利坚的长征。

我选择在这样的历史时刻竞选总统，因为我坚信，除非我们能将这个时代的问题一起解决，除非我们能完善这个联邦，否则美国将寸步难行。

必须认识到：生活的故事可能不尽相同，但是希望只有一个；来自五湖四海、有着不同的相貌与肤色的我们都朝着同一个方向，那就是子孙们更好的未来。

这一信念来自我对美国人民高尚与宽容的不可动摇的信念，也来自于我自己的美国故事。

我的父亲是肯尼亚黑人，母亲是堪萨斯白人，从小在外祖父和外祖母的抚养下长大。

外祖父经历过大萧条、打过二战，有幸曾在巴顿将军的队伍里服役，外祖母则在里文沃斯堡的一个炮弹生产线上工作，他们都是对美国有贡献和最深感受的人。

奥巴马就职演说修辞分析详解

Antithesis 我们认为下述真理是不言 Parallelis gather to inaugurate a president, m 而喻的，人人生而平等。
men are created equal, that they are （指权利等）不当我们每次聚在一起为总统举行就职典礼时，我们都 endowed by their 能剥夺的 Creator with certain 是在见证美国宪法的不朽力量。我们是在又一次立下 unalienable rights, 美 that among these 国民主的承诺。我们重申，将这个国家紧密联系在一 are Life, Liberty, 起的不是我们的肤色，也不是我们信仰的教条，更不 and the pursuit of 是我们名字的来源。让我们与众不同，让我们成为美 Happiness.
Parallelism
今天，我们仍在继续这个永恒的征程，架起这些理念与我们时代现实之间的桥梁。因为历史告诉我们，即便这些真理是不言而喻的，它们也从来不会自动生效。因为虽然自由是上帝赋予的礼物，但仍需要世间的子民去捍卫。
We understand that outworn programs are inadequate to the needs of our and no Old-fashioned longer useful 过时的 time. We must harness new ideas and technology to remake our government, 利用 revamp our tax code, reform our improve schools, and empower our citizens with the skills, they Toneed give sb. to the work harder, 授权 higher. Alliteration learn more, andpower reach

奥巴马传世演讲：一个更完美的联邦

奥巴马传世演讲：一个更完美的联邦第一篇：奥巴马传世演讲：一个更完美的联邦奥巴马传世演讲：一个更完美的联邦然而区区羊皮纸上的文字，并不足以助奴隶脱离桎梏；或是提供每种肤色及信仰的男男女女，身为美国公民的完整权利及义务。

所需要的，是世世代代愿意尽一己之力的美国人，透过抗争与奋斗、在街头与法庭上、透过内战及公民不服从并且始终冒着极大风险，来缩小理想的承诺与当代的现实间之差距。

奥巴马：一个更完美的联邦 a more perfect union【演讲背景】由于欧巴马的教会牧师朋友莱特被人拍下在布道时对白人极为仇视的种族主义言论，造成全美极大的震撼并致使奥巴马选情一度落后告急！各界纷纷要求欧巴马表态，而且民主党两大阵营也荒腔走板的面对媒体说出许多性别及种族的歧视言论，因此，欧巴马为力挽狂澜，选定在独立宣言议定的费城以美国独立宣言为主题来进行破题演讲，但实质上内文讲的却是美国的种族纷争和未来的走向。

两百二十一年以前，在一个如今仍屹立在对街的大厅中，一群人汇聚一堂，而以这些简单文字，推启了美国这机会渺茫的民主实验。

跨海逃离暴政与迫害的农夫及学者、政治家及爱国人士们，终于在那持续了整个1787年春季的费城会议中，实现了他们的独立宣言。

他们所提出的文件，后来虽经签字通过，但最终仍未完成。

它被这国家奴隶制度的原罪所玷污，一个使各殖民地间彼此分歧且让整个会议陷入僵局的疑点。

直到开国元老们选择容许奴隶贸易继续运作至少二十年，而将任何最终解决方案留给将来的世代。

当然，对奴隶制度疑问的答案早已埋藏在我们的宪法之中。

一部将依法享有平等公民权这理想臵于最核心之宪法，一部承诺人民自由、正义、以及一个可能且应当随时间获得进一步完善的联邦之宪法。

然而区区羊皮纸上的文字，并不足以助奴隶脱离桎梏；或是提供每种肤色及信仰的男男女女，身为美国公民的完整权利及义务。

所需要的，是世世代代愿意尽一己之力的美国人，透过抗争与奋斗、在街头与法庭上、透过内战及公民不服从并且始终冒着极大风险，以缩小理想的承诺与当代的现实间之差距。

从批评性话语分析角度解读奥巴马的总统选举获胜演讲

从批评性话语分析角度解读奥巴马的总统选举获胜演讲一、本文概述本文旨在从批评性话语分析（Critical Discourse Analysis, CDA）的角度，深入解读美国前总统奥巴马在总统选举获胜后发表的演讲。

作为一位具有划时代意义的非裔美国人总统，奥巴马的胜选本身就是一个历史性的时刻，他的演讲更是具有深远的政治、文化和社会意义。

通过批评性话语分析，我们将揭示隐藏在演讲背后的意识形态、权力关系和社会结构，进一步理解奥巴马如何运用语言策略来构建自己的政治形象，传递其政策理念，并激发民众的情感共鸣。

在概述部分，我们将简要介绍批评性话语分析的基本理论框架和方法论，包括话语、权力、意识形态等核心概念。

随后，我们将概述奥巴马总统选举获胜演讲的基本内容和结构，为后续的分析提供背景和基础。

我们将阐述本文的研究目的和意义，即通过分析奥巴马的演讲，揭示话语背后的社会政治现象，为理解政治演讲的语言运用提供新的视角和思考。

二、批评性话语分析框架批评性话语分析（Critical Discourse Analysis, CDA）是一种语言学分析方法，旨在揭示语言、权力和社会结构之间的关系。

它通过分析语言的使用，特别是那些在特定社会、政治和意识形态背景下具有影响力的语言使用，来揭示隐藏在话语背后的权力关系和意识形态偏见。

在解读奥巴马的总统选举获胜演讲时，批评性话语分析为我们提供了一个独特的视角，使我们能够更深入地理解演讲背后的意义和影响。

批评性话语分析关注话语的社会实践功能。

在奥巴马的演讲中，他使用了大量的情感词汇和修辞手法，如“改变”“希望”和“团结”，以激发听众的共鸣和支持。

这些词汇和手法不仅传递了奥巴马的政治理念和目标，还在更广泛的社会层面上塑造了一种共同体的感觉，促使人们团结起来追求共同的目标。

批评性话语分析关注话语与权力和意识形态的关系。

在奥巴马的演讲中，他强调了自己的“草根”背景，与富人和特权阶层形成了鲜明的对比。

对奥巴马竞选总统获胜演说辞的人际功能分析

奥巴马竞选总统获胜演说词进行语篇分析，以探求他是如何表达他的 “ 望” “ 希和变化 ” 。的
关键词：演说词；际功能；篇分析人语
中图分类号：４０２１１１４０
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文章编号：０９４５（０９０－０１－０１０－４８２０）３２５２
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目能帮助人们说明语篇是妍阿并目什么表达它所表达的意义；为在较高层面匕语篇分析能帮助＾，们说明语篇在哪一方面成功的，在哪些方酝＝功的，Ｉ＝减甚至是失败的。但是， “ 实现较高层面的目标是比较困难的，要求对语境以及语境与语篇之间的对应关系的理解”。］因ｒ３】而，本文对奥巴马竞选总统获胜词的语篇分析目的在于分析涪篇是如何并目为什么表达所表达意义的。
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高级英语第九单元奥巴马演讲课文内容讲解

1. A More perfect unionThe title is taken from the Preamble to the constitution of the United States. The preamble runs like this: We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common Defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. When the founding father wrote “to form a more perfect Union”they meant the U.S. established on the constitution would be a better state than those in the Old World (Europe). They were following the call of building “a City on the Hill.” But when Barack Obama used the phrase, the implication was that the current union was far from being perfect and it was the task of the American people to make it more perfect, to realize the goal set out in the constitution.2.“We the people, in order to from a more union.” (Para.1)Obama began the speech with a quote from the constitution for two purposes. One is to show where the title came from, the other is to appeal to the audience because, according to American political scientists, the American people worship the Constitution, regarding it as a sacred document like the Bible.3.Two hundred and 21 years ago….in democracy. (2)In 1787, in a hall opposite this meeting place on the other side of the street, 55 men gathered and worked out, after much debate and deliberation, the constitution.1)improbable: not likely to happen2)This sentence modeled on the beginning of the “Gettysburg Address”by Lincoln. Theaddress began with “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”3)In American history and American government, many scholars hold that the writing andimplementation of the Constitution is an experiment because it was the first written document initiating the beginning of the end of the concept of the divine right of kings. At that time the U.S. was small and weak. No one could be sure if it would survive or the experiment could succeed. Therefore you have “improbable experiment.”4.Farmers and scholars...that lasted through the (2)1.traveled across the ocean: referring to the early settlers, the Puritans who sailed across theAtlantic ocean2.made real their declaration of independence…:turned the concepts embodied in theDeclaration of Independence into articles in the Constitution.3.that lasted through the spring of 1787:The Constitutional Convention met in thePhiladelphia State House from May 25 to September 17, 1787; the Convention was attended by 55 delegates from 12 states. (Rhode Island declined to send delegates to the convention.)5. The document they produced …unfinished. (3)1) After much, sometimes heated, debate, the Constitution was finally adopted by theconvention. Of the 55 delegates only 39 signed. The convention provided that the new constitution would go into effect when ratifying conventions nine of the 13 states had approved it. In discussion, one issue that arose was the apportioning of seats in the House of Representatives according to population. The southern States wanted slaves to be included in the population total when allotting Congressional seats but left out in determining liability for direct taxation. The Northern States wanted slaves excluded from representation, since they were neither citizens nor voters, but included for tax purposes since they were a species ofproperty. The result was a compromise, the “three-fifths” clauses, whereby a slave was counted as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of both representation and direct taxation.2)eventual: happening at the end of ,or as a result of ,a series of events3) ultimate: by which a process or series comes to an end4) when Obama said the document they produced was eventually signed but ultimatelyunfinished he meant the Constitution was finally adopted by the convention and in June 1788 New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the constitution and later that year Virginia and New York also ratified the constitution and it went into effect. But since the problem of slavery was not solved, the process did not end until the civil war and the enactment of constitutional Amendments 14 (1868) and 15(1870).6. It was stained by …to future generations.(3)1).Stain: to spoil the appearance by patches or streaks of color or dirt, to bring shame upon (someone’s character, reputation, ) to disgrace; to dishonor2. original sin: According to the Bible, the sin of having eaten the forbidden fruit committed by Adam and Eve, is traditionally viewed as transmitted in its essential guilt and consequent penalties from Adam as head of the human race to all unredeemed humanity. 原罪3) During the War of independence, the British announced that freedom would be given to those slaves left their masters and went over to the British side. Seventeen of the slaves owned by George Washington also deserted him and fled to the British side. So the slave issue was a serious issue at the Constitutional Convention.In the end, the Constitution in Article One Section Two point 3 states that Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. And in Article one Section Nine Point 1, the Constitution says “The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight…” As a result, South Carolina and Georgia imported 90,000 new slaves in the 20 years before 1808.7. Of course, the answer…. That could be and should over time. (4)1) embed: Originally it means to set (flowers, etc.) in earth; here it means to fix firmly in the mind, memory, etc. To be embedded within our Constitution means to be set or included in the Constitution.2) It may be correct to say the ideal of liberty and justice in the constitution makes it possible for the resolution of the slave issue, but the constitution itself does not provide any solution. Otherwise it would not take a civil War,, a very destructive war, to put an end to a slavery system. And there would be no necessity for constitutional Amendments 14 and 15 and Civil rights of 1964 and the V oting rights Act of 1965.3) Note the parallel structure of “a constitution that…”“a constitution that…”a union that for emphasis.Also not the use of modal auxiliaries: “could” and “should.”“ could” indicates possibility and “should” denotes obligation or desirability.8. and yet words on …as citizens of US. (5)And yet the Constitution or any law is not enough to set the slaves free or to five people of different origins or beliefs in the United States equal rights. Obama is referring to the fact that black slaves were not legally greed until after the Civil War and women did not have voting rights until1921.1)words on a parchment: referring to the constitution which is the first written constitutionin the world; the idea may come from the Dead Sea Scroll discovered between 1947 and 1956 which were considered to be written between 3rd century B.C. and 1st century A.D.Obama meant that any law or agreement or treaty, if it is not enforced, is of no value.2)Creed; any set of beliefs or principles.3)Every color and creed: people of different ethnicities and beliefs, especially religionsbeliefs; color and creed: alliteration9. What would be needed… and reality of their time. (5)Only through struggles in different forms did generation after generation of Americans succeed in bringing the rights promised in the constitution to people of different sex, color or belief.1)Who were willing to do their par t: Not all Americans in different periods of Americanhistory would struggle for the goal, only some who had the awareness and determination would take part in the struggle. This is exemplified by the Civil Rights Movement and the feminist movement.2)On the street, in the courts, through a civil war: Not the use of prepositions to avoidthe repetition of the preposition of in.3)To narrow that gap between the promise of our ideals and the reality of their tim e:This is an important concept. Many Americans believe the founding fathers had worked out an ideal model and the current problems and drawbacks exist because Americans have not followed the guidance of the founding fathers. All they need to do is to go back to the founding principles.In “I have a dream,” Martin King said, “ In a sense we’ve come to our nations capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir, This note was a promise that all men_yes, black men as well as white men should be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”10. the function of the first 5 paragraphs: They serve as a background leading to Obama’s campaign in 2008. Obama starts with a quotation from the constitution, bringing out the idea of “a more perfect union.” Then he moves on to describe the birth of the Constitution and points out hat because of the compromise on the slavery issue, the process of perfecting the union did not stop there. In the course of history, generations of Americans have struggled hard to narrow the gap between promise and reality and to perfect the union. Then in Para. 6 he points out this is one of the tasks he set forth at the beginning of this campaign. A smooth transition is thus achieved.11. this was one of the tasks… and more American. (6)Obama, through such description of his intention to run for presidency, put himself on the moral high ground. His running was not out of personal interests, not out of desire for power but out of a wish to make America better, and this is a continuation of a long march for a noble goal.Note that the concepts of “a long march”and “to make America better”are often found in presidential rhetoric. In 1910, Theodore Roosevelt, in the presidential campaign, had this to say, “we came here today to commemorate one of the epoch-making events os the long struggle for the rights of man ---the long struggle for the uplift of humanity.12. I chose to run for the president… and our grandchildren. (6)1) at this moment in history: Obama meant that this was a critical moment in history because America was experiencing two wars (the Iraq War and Afghan War) and an economic recession.2) The parallel structure of “unless..unless” and the antithesis are effective in bringing out the idea of unity.3) Note the choice of words: not “come from the same place”but “move in the same direction.”13. This was one of the tasks…. And more prosperous American. (6)This is the topic sentence of 6. The theme of his whole speech is also embodied in para 6. 14. Function of Para 7: Para 6, a long para, is followed by a short one of two lines. This is for emphasis.15. This belief… of the American people. (7)1) unyielding: not bending easily, inflexible2) unyielding faith: firm, unquestioning belief3)Obama used “the American people” instead of the people or “my people” to stress his family background which would come in the next para. Because of his family background, he could see the qualities of the American people more clearly.16. But it also comes from my own story. (7)Obama’s story consists of two parts. One is his ethnic background: black father, white mother, white maternal grandparents, Asian stepfather. The other is his experience: best school in Hawaii, Columbia University and Harward Law School. He taught law at the university of Chicago Law School for 12 years. He was elected to the U.S, Senate in 2004. This part is an “American Dream”idealized. His life and experience is a success of a non-white in American society, showing that the “American Dream” is still alive. This personal story will appeal to many potential voters because this is still a myth which many Americans believe in.17. I was raised…while he was overseas. (8)1) survived the Depression: lived through the 1929 depression2) to serve in Patton’s Army: The grandfather was in Europe in world War 2. fighting under General Patton, noted for his courage, dash and commanding skill18. I’ve gone to …the world’s poorest nations. (8):This is an example of antithesis :the best school and the poorest nation. This is bring out his rich experience in life. Another contrast is the blood of slaves and slave owners.19. I have brother.. even possible.I will never forget that in no other country on Earth is my story even possible. I can become what I am only in America and I am grateful and will never forget this.Hue: use to indicate modification of a basic color.20. It’s a story that hasn’t made …candidate.(9)I did well in the US so people would think I would be for the status quo. I would be happy with where I am. But no, I wanted change.Conventional: conforming to formal or accepted standards or rules rather than nature.21. but it is a story....we are truly one (9)My life experience has infused deeply in me the concept that in spite of the fact that we are different in race, ethnicity, political view, religious belief, we are united because we have shared belief---the American creed.1)sear: to brand with a hot iron2)genetic makeup: natural constitution3)seared into my genetic makeup: to be deeply ingrained in me4)this nation is more than the sum of its parts: the US is not just adding all the states or allthe elements together, when the pars are melted or fused into whole, its power or influence ismuch greater.5)Out of many, we are truly one: the phrase echoes the Three Musketeers cry:” out of manywe are one.”It is the English translation of the Latin phrase: E pluribus unum, which was found in 1776 on the seal of the US and formally adopted by an Act of Congress in 1782. the original phrase if “Out of many ,One.” Obama adopts it into “out of many, we are truly one.”22. throughout he first year of this campaign… this unity. (10)When Obama first announced his intent of running for Democratic candidate for presidency, public media said the United States was not ready to have a black president and Obama would fail in the campaign. However, his campaign gained momentum which proved that ordinary Americ ans overlooked the issued of color and were eager for unity and change.1)against all predictions to the contrary: in spite of all announcements saying thatObama would not succeed2)hungry: the word is used metaphorically, meaning craving, eager.3)How hungry.. message of unity: the American people were eager to support acandidate who advocated unity and change.23. Despite the temptation… in the country. (10)In the campaign, three issues were often raise by his opponents to terrify ordinary Americans: Obama was not a native-born American, he was black and would give privileges to blacks and he was Muslim, not Christian. But the campaign so far proved if we insisted on the message of unity, many Americans white Americans, conservative Americans would support this idea.1)purely racial lens: in terms of race and color2)commanding: very large3)whitest populations: referring to the white people loving in the Southern States, who aremore racially biased, more conservative; these states, since the 1980s, were states supporting the Republican Party.24. In South Carolina… white Americans..(10)South Carolina was one of the confederate states in the civil war, In 1962, the confederate battle flag of the “Southern Cross” was placed on top of the South Carolina statehouse by vote of the all-white legislature. It was not until 1 July 2000 that the flag was removed from the south Carolina Statehouse.25. This is not to say that race… in this campaign. (11)This statement serves as a correction and a change, leading to the discussion of race.26. We saw racial tensions bubble to the surface… primary.Before the Democratic selection for candidates to the national convention in south Carolina, racial tension which seemed insubstantial in the past became a boiling issue.27. the press has scoured… but black and brown as well.1) scour: to search thoroughly2) The press had checked or run over polls of people who had just voted to find evidence of people dividing into two opposing groups.3) brown: referring to people of black and white origin, like Obama.28. And yet, it has only been in the last… divisive turn. (12)This one sentence para serves as a further turn of the discussion. From this paragraph on, Obama took up the issue of his former pastor’s incendiary language on race, and made his position clear.29. On one end of the …on the cheap. (13).At one end of the wide range of opinions, there are people who say that I decided to run becauseI wanted to show black and white should have equal opportunity and I wanted to play on the desires of naive liberals in achieving racial harmony without making a great effort.1)spectrum: a continuous range or entire extent2)wide-eyed liberals: naive or unsophisticated people who favor liberalism3)on the cheap: at very little cost4)Note how Obama presented the case. He did not just raise Reverend Wright’s case. He putit in a conflict of two opposing views, two extremes. The implication may be Wright was not the only one who took a wrong position yet he was picked out because of this relations with Obama.30. On he other end… and black alike. (13)Obama considers Wright wrong because his views and the language he used in expressing his views, will not only widen the gap between the blacks and the whites but are attacks on the basic nature of America as a nation, so his words cause the anger and condemnation of both white and black.1)former: indicating Obama’s relationship with Wright has ended2)racial divide: divisions between races3)the greatness and the goodness. Example of alliteration4)that rightly offend white and black alik e: Note the choice of words: rightly and whiteand black alike, indicating that the anger is justified and is shared by white and black, so it is not a matter of race.31. I have already …and in some cases pain.When Reverend Wright’s statements were broadcasted in the news stations in early March, Obama’s relations with his former pastor were repeatedly brought up. This would very negatively affect his campaign. So in one statement he condemned such statements in clear and unambiguous words.In unequivocal terms: in words that express a clear and unambiguous attitude.32. For some, nagging questions remain. (14).For some people, such condemnation seems not enough. They still have doubts which trouble them.Nagging. Causing continuous discomfort; troubling33. Did I... absolutely (14)Three parallel questions beginning with “Did I”and three definite answers of “of course, ““yes”and “absolutely”are used here to address the doubts in people’s minds. His affirmative answers show he is not avoiding straight answers. He has nothing to hide.34. …just as I’m sure… strongly disagreed.At the end of his answers, he brings in the experience of the audience, saying that they may have similar experiences so this is not unique to Obama. He also carefully mentions pastors, priests, or rabbis, referring to different churches of the Judeo-Christian tradition.35. but the remarks that have cause… controversial..(15)1) firestorm: a strong, often violent, outburst, disturbance2) controversial:stiring up disputes36. they weren’t simply…perceived injustice.1) Not the use of “not simply” in the two sentences, forming a parallel structure, to be followed by a contrast through the use of “instead,” to achieve emphasis.2) perceived injustic e: acts that are perceived as injustice37. Instead.. they ..radical Islam.:When Obama accused Wright of distortion, he raised two points. One is Wright thought America embraced white racism. The other is the cause of the conflict in the Middle East lies with Israel, not radical Islam. He thought Wright was wrong on both points.1)the parallel structure. A distorted view, a view that sees…; a view that sees…2) a view that sees white racism as endemic: a view that considers white racism as aninseparable part of America3)elevate: to lift up. Raise4)that elevates…right with America: to put white racism which we all consider to be wrongas characteristic of America, leaving out all good characteristics which we associate with America.5)in the actions of stalwart allies.. radical Islam: Note the contrast and choice of words.Actions and ideologies and the description of “perverse” and “hateful” ideologies. The was of presenting the idea brings out he position of Obama.6)In the United States, in discussing the conflict of the Middle East, criticizing Israel ispolitically incorrect. This if the result of popular sympathy for the victims of the Holocaust, and of the economic power of Jewish Americans and the work of Jewish interest groups.American elites want to curry favor with Israel and the Jewish interest groups in America.It is particularly so in an election year.38. As such… that confront us all. (16).Obama pointed out in the previous para why Wright’s statements were wrong. In this para he stressed t he point that these statements were divisive, especially when unity was called for.1)racially charged: to be filled or loaded with racial bias2)monumental: great, colossal3)Latino: a usually Spanish-speaking person of Latin American birth or descent who livesin the US39. given my background… are not enough.Given: taken as premise2) professed: openly declared40. and I confess that … in much the same way. (17)If Reverend Wright were the person represented by the repeatedly shown scraps of sermons, if the Trinity United Church of Christ were the one sold to the pulic by some commentators, I woud have long deserted them. In this part, Obama wanted to show what was on the television sets and YouTube was not all, not even the major side of Reverend Wright. There was another side, an important side, of the pastor which was not shown to the public.1)snippet: a small piece, scarp, or portion, specifically of information2)loop: a segment of film or magnetic tape jointed end to end to form a continuous strip forendless repetition3)the subjunctive mood of the sentence shows that this is not the case4)peddle: to circulate(ideas), often used with mild contempt41. But the truth is. That I know of the man. (18)In this para, Obama points out that the above-mentioned problems are one side of Reverend Wright. There is another side, a positive side, to the man. And he goes on to talk about this side. The framing of the statement is very important. The use of “isn’t all” and “I know of “ limits the scope of his evaluation of the person. The phrase “isn’t all” concedes what has been said about Wright is true but not the whole truth and “I now of “limits the following evaluation to his personal experience and observation.42. The man I met… to those suffering from. AIDs. (18)In this part, Obama mentions the things Reverend Wright taught him and Wright’s services to the country. Parallel structures are used in this para., e.g. the man I met, a man, a man, (He is) a man; (He is a man) who served, who has studied and lectured, who…led a church; by housing…ministering… providing…reaching out.1)minister: to give help to2)ministry: the function or service of a religious minister43. “people began t o….we coud start t orebuild. (19)The description of Obama’s first experience at Trinity is typical of sermons and responses of the pastors and congregations at black churches. The stories of survival, freedom and hope are repeated. The shouting, crying, stamping, clapping and singing are common scenes. This can be seen in news reels and films. The Bible stories are often used to relate the struggles of the blacks with the struggles as recorded in the Bible. And the whole para is written in ha highly rhetorical style. This again is typical of writings by black pastors. You would find this in many of Martin Luther King” writings.44. I heard something else…of dry bones. (19)Obama is linking the particular scene with the experience and history of the black people, with the heroic stories in the Bible. The black people were not alone, they were a part of a greater struggle, a struggle for realizing god’s teaching.45. Those stories.. into a larger world.The history , the struggle, the spirit became part of me and the church served as a carrier to pass this on to future generations and to spread it to the world beyond the black community.Vessel(bible) a person thought of as being the receiver or repository of some spirit or influence 46. our trials and … and wit hwhich we start to rebuild.In recalling the hardship and suffering and the successes and victories which the black people had gone through but were not limited to the black people, we were filled with confidence and did not need to feel ashamed of the past. The past is food for study fro all people and a starting point for the building of a bright future.47. Like other predominantly black churches… and the gangbanger.(20)Trinity embraces all types of people into the community, the doctor and women living on government aid, good kids and kids who went astray in the past. A contrast is used to indicate different kinds of people: man, woman, educated, uneducated, good, former criminal Gang-banger: a member of a street gang, particularly a man who is part of a group of men who rape women.48. Like other black churches….bawdy humor.1) This is a parallel structure for emphasis, pointing out the similarities of black churches.2) raucou s: loud and rough-sounding3) bawdy: coarse4) The use of “raucous laughter”and “bawdy humor”gives the idea that the group at the religious ceremony are ordinary people, but natural, full of life and down to earth.49. The yare full of… to the untrained ear.People who are not familiar with such practices may find the services too noisy, too rowdy. 50. The church contains in full .. in America.The device of antithesis is employed wit ha number of contrasts. The contrasts are used to show the two sides of the experiences of the blacks in America.1)fierce intelligence: people who are very well-informed and intensely bright2)shocking ignorance: people who are distressingly lack of knowledge3)yes: agreement51. Para 19 and 20: Para 19 and 20 answer the question about the nature of Trinity United Church of Christ. Obama points bout the Trinity, like other black churches, is an embodiment of black history, black experience, black people in the community, the embodiment of complex contradictions. It is impossible to use “good”or “bad”to describe it. And this part of American reality.52. And this helps …has served fro so many years. (21)In this para, Obama deals with two things. One is Reverend Wright’s relations with him and his family. The other is the complexity of Wright’s character.1)as imperfect as he may be: Obama does not use the statement “as imperfect as he is”because he is not so sure Wright is that imperfect and his personal contact with Wright does not convince him Wright is so imperfect. This is a statement of concession.2)Officiated at my wedding: performed the function of a pastor at Obama”s wedding3)In derogatory terms: use words to disparage or belittle53. he contains within him.. for so many years.Wright’ fault is also the fault of the community he works for. A combination of opposites exists in him as well as in the black community.54. I can no more disown him… the black community.It is impossible for me to cast him off just as it is impossible for me to repudiate the black community.Disown: cast off, repudiate55. I can no more disown … that made me cringe.The same applies to my white grandmother who helped raise me, who loves me yet who is biased against blacks.Cringe: to shrink from sth dangerous or painful56. these people are part of me.This is a summing up of Obama’s attitude. He can condemn Wright’s recent statements in unequivocal terms but he cannot disown Wright or the Trinity Church because there is another side to the man, the good sides the man, because Wright is not just an individual but a typical example of the embodiment of contradiction , of good and bad, of the black community. This is the reality of American. Obama is correct in such analysis and it takes a man of his background and his experience to see the issue in this light. It also takes a man of courage to put it this way, especially in an election year.57. we can dismiss… some deep-seated bias. (24)We can condemn Wright as being odd or eccentric and then reject him and put him out of mind just as some have done with Geraldine Ferraro.1)dismiss: to put out of one’ mind, to reject as lacking in importance or value2)crank: a person who has odd, stubborn notions about something; eccentric3)demagogue: a person who tries to stir up the people by appealing to emotion, prejudice,etc. in order to win them over quickly and so gain power58. but race is an issue that I …to ignore right now.(25)Obama is trying to bring people’s attention to the issue of race,. It goes beyond statements by Wright and the firestorm that followed. The use of the word “afford” means if we ignore the issue, the consequences will be serious.59. We would be making the ..distorts reality.。

奥巴马演讲《A More Perfect Union》说服力分析[课资类别]

Logos
• To appeal to logic and evoke a rational response, a speaker often uses more theoretical or abstract language that includes historical analogies, factual data and statistics, quotations from experts and authorities, and informed opinions.
课堂内容
10
Concrete Analysis
What persuasion methods are applied in this speech? Logos, pathos, ethos
Logos ['lɔɡos]
Logos is commonly called the logical appeal. It is the appeal to logic and reason.
help balck and white people alike in real life - the issues reflect the complexities of race that needs to be worked through)
课堂内(3容) An example of Ashley Baia (as a white woman, she organizes a mostly African-Amecican communi1t3y )
• 1. logos = logical arguments (logical appeal) • 2. pathos = the emotion awakened by the speaker in an audience (emotional appeal) • 3. ethos = the character of the speaker (ethical appeal)

奥巴马就职演讲分析英文

奥巴马就职演讲分析英文篇一：奥巴马就职演说的语言艺术分析一、演说与修辞时下英语界一般将英语文体（或称语体）分为口头体和书面体两大类。

但实践证明，这样的划分失之粗率。

其弊病在于名实难符：口头体并不仅限于口语形式，而书面体也不仅限于书面形式。

譬如，正式场合的演讲、报告，以及官方的谈话所用的文体就不能划入口语体，而应属于书面体。

演说活动自古以来就是人类社会的一项重要活动。

演讲者通过宣传某种思想，让听众理解和接受自己的观点和主张，进而号召听众采取一致的行动。

演讲者要达到预想的演讲效果必须研究演说词的语言表达艺术。

演说词的修辞手法是演讲者最主要的语言技巧。

修辞是从表达方式，表达效果的角度去研究语音、词汇、语法的运用。

美国总统的就职演说是一种在特定场合下的演说。

现场听众可达百万之众，并且向国内外进行现场直播。

美国民众及世界各国总是对新总统有着无限期待，总统的就职演说可谓是新政府向民众交出的第一份答卷。

总统要在就职演说中抒发自己的治国理想，分析国家面临的困难和挑战，宣布自己的施政纲领以及如何实现民众的希望。

各大媒体的调查表明，大多数美国民众对奥巴马的就职演说感到满意和非常满意。

本文拟从语音、词汇和句法三个方面的修辞手段的使用情况对奥巴马的就职演说进行文体分析，探讨这篇演说词的语言艺术。

二、奥巴马演说词的修辞手段1.音韵修辞格（1）头韵（alliteration）是语音修辞手段之一。

它是指两个以上紧邻单词首音（通常是辅音）相同。

头韵的修辞作用是增强语言的节奏感，使语言产生音乐般的美感。

头韵多用于诗歌和散文中，但人们也经常在演讲中运用头韵来增加语言的美感，加深听众的印象。

同样尾韵（EndRhyme）也有类似的修辞作用。

奥巴马就职演说中运用头韵的句子有：1）witholdfriendsandformerfoes,wewillworktirelesslytolessenthe nuclearthreat?（对于老朋友和老对手，我们将不遗余力地继续削弱核威胁?）2）weareshapedbyeverylanguageandculture,drawnfromeveryendofthisearth.（我们民族的成长受到许多语言和文化的影响，我们吸取了这个地球上任何一个角落的有益成分.）运用尾韵的句子有：1）Homeshavebeenlost;jobsshed;businessshuttered.（我们的人民正失去家园，失去工作，企业要倒闭。