北京市研究生英语统考试题-6word版本
北京市研究生英语统考试题
PAPER ONEPart I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A ( 1 point each )Directions: In this part, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The questions will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. Ann likes orange T-shirts best.B. Ann hates to wear an orange T-shirt in the daytime.C. Ann wears an orange T-shirt to keep mosquitoes away.D. The man doesn't like an orange T-shirt.2. A. To entertain himself.B. To go to other countries.C. To become more valuable.D. To broaden his mind.3. A. He turns a deaf ear to what the woman said.B. He agrees with the woman.C. He thinks the woman is thoughtless.D. He doesn't think she knows the direction.4. A. The car is not big enough.B. The car is not good enough.C. He only promised to buy a small car.D. He can't afford to buy the car.5. A. 350,000.B. 315,000.C. 3,500,000.D. 3,150,000.6. A. He will not take the shower before the meeting.B. He will not go to the meeting at all.C. He will have to attend the meeting.D. He will be late for the meeting again.7. A. He is in a bad mood.B. He is more efficient in writing.C. He enjoys himself more.D. He doesn't feel comfortable.8. A. He got to know it from government statistics.B. He found the fact on the Internet.C. He learned it from a gift book.D. He got the fact by studying in the library.9. A. He will persuade his parents.B. He will lie to his parents.C. He will go without his parents' permission.D. He will go somewhere else before going skiing.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this part you will hear two short talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.10. A. How to take care of little babies.B. How to become qualified parents.C. A single parent should pay more attention to the baby's development.D. Many parents don't know how to help babies develop in intelligence.11. A. Watching them.B. Holding them.C. Reading to them.D. Playing with them.12. A. The first five months.B. The first year.C. The first three years.D. The first five years.13. A. She invited educational reformers to teach in her school.B. She invited teachers from Germany to work in her school.C. She went to Germany to find staff for her school.D. She asked famous scholars to teach the staff in her school.14. A. 29,670.B. 29,617.C. 29,760.D. 29,716.15. A. They helped the poor children with donations.B. They persuaded the children to go to kindergartens.C. They taught the mothers how to teach their children.D. They taught children songs, poems and games.Section C (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a talk. Complete the sentence and answer the questions below. You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions or sentences below.(请在录音结束后把16－20题的答案抄在答题纸上)16. What was the occupation of the advocator of the Metropolitan Museum of Art?17. Where is the present location of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City?18. Why have another six additional wings been built since 1975?19. The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known .20. Besides being a tourist attraction and an educational institution, the museum also serves as a place for .Part II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. In spite of the efforts of those industrious farmers, the local economy is far from developed due to isolation,A. capableB. ingeniousC. innovativeD. hard-working22. Because of the struggle put up by the Women's Lib, many women have found good careers.A. initiatedB. proposedC. supportedD. terminated23. The performance of these new employees will highlight the role of positive thinking.A. confirmB. emphasizeC. enhanceD. enlighten24. Our family stood in silence for a minute looking at the amazingly beautiful photograph of a human flag.A. surprisinglyB. indescribablyC. permanentlyD. uniquely25. The decision to strengthen intelligence collection is expected to minimize military casualties.A. informationB. intellectC. brainD. wisdom26. To me, St. Francis embodied the ideal blend of spirituality and public service.A. compositionB. mixtureC. elaborationD. speculation27. In the wake of such findings, several states are rethinking their plan to open these camps.A. Based onB. PrecedingC. FollowingD. Targeted at28. The staggering sum of money invested in this project failed to yield the desired result.A. fluctuatingB. increasingC. diminishingD. overwhelming29. It made me ask questions about life, death and mortality that ultimately helped me get through the disaster.A. decisivelyB. eventuallyC. somewhatD. somehow30. At that moment the first idea that came to her mind was that a disaster was around the corner.A. coming to an endB. still in the airC. soon to happenD. out of the questionSection B (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding Letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31. Do your children worry that they might feel pressure to your hero's image?A. come up withB. live up toC. catch up onD. add up to32. In the worst times of life, you have to take full advantage of the beautiful things that .A. come alongB. come byC. come acrossD. come to33. Being critical and dictatorial, the boss would discussions and ignore comments not in agreement with his.A. facilitateB. illustrateC. illuminateD. dominate34. Anderson held out his arms to the attack, but the shark grabbed his right forearm and dived.A. turn offB. ward offC. trigger offD. call off35. Her excellent of English helped her communicate freely with foreign partners.A. standardB. criterionC. evaluationD. command36. Because colleges can't take all students with basic qualifications, to college is competitive.A. admirationB. approachC. admissionD. assignment37. Helicopters rushed to where Shenzhou 5 for the rescue of China's first astronaut.A. touched downB. turned downC. settled downD. shot down38. The Chinese have achieved a great deal, but difficulties and hardships will long .A. tolerateB. bearC. endureD. withhold39. The belief that it's healthy to let off steam no longer , for we are working under heavy pressure.A. holdsB. carriesC. takesD. stands40. Handbags made of leather are considered old-fashioned and poor in quality.A. systematicB. syntheticC. sympatheticD. statisticPart III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding Letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.People go to evening classes as they want new challenges. Some people choose courses 41 to learn new work-related skills to move their career in a new direction."Evening classes are a great way of 42 your skills or gaining new ones," says Jessica Rolphe, training and development adviser at the UK's Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.In some 43 , what starts as a hobby turns into a career. This is what happened to Ginny Jory, who did an evening course in photography while working for a newspaper about one year ago. During the course, not only was Jory learning all about photography, she also met other 44 photographers and realized it was a great networking 45 . “I discovered that a colleague f rom work was doing the same course and we beca me great friends. We 46 doing a millennium exhibition together.” Finally, Jory left her job and is now a full-time photographer of fashion and 47 .However, anyone thinking of doing a course with a specific outcome in mind needs to be sure that it will 48 what they want before enrolling. “Do your research 49 advance,” advises Rolphe. “Make sure you are doing a course that really is 50 and that the institute you are doing it at is highly respected.”41. A. separately B. spiritually C. specifically D. socially42. A. updating B. uprising C. uprooting D. upholding43. A. terms B. occasions C. consequences D. cases44. A. perspiring B. aspiring C. expiring D. conspiring45. A. specialty B. phase C. opportunity D. period46. A. gave in B. ended up C. ceased to D. resulted from47. A. qualifications B. characters C. portraits D. personalities48. A. deliver B. delight C. determine D. detect49. A. up B. for C. into D. in50. A. redundant B. reserved C. resolved D. relevantPart IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe worst thing about television and radio is that they entertain us, saving us the trouble of entertaining ourselves.A hundred years ago, before all these devices were invented, if a person wanted to entertain himself with a song or a piece of music, he would have to do the singing himself or pick up a violin and play it. Now, all he has to do is turn on the radio or TV. As a result, singing and music have declined.Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies are mostly a series of songs and dances wrapped around silly stories. As a result, they don't do much singing in Indian villages anymore. Indeed, ever since radio first came to life, there has been a terrible decline in amateur singing throughout the world.There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similarly, invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves. The other reason is people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to entertain family or friends by himself? These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail: They are historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices from a long dead past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anything is no longer common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two, we read simple books to them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, we become deaf. We're alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo.I count myself extremely lucky to have been born before TV became so common. I was about six before TV appeared. To keep us entertained, my mother had to do a good deal of singing and tell us endless tales. It was the same in many other homes. People spoke a language; they sang it, they recited it; it was something they could feel.Professional actors' performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my own reading. Because it's mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke liberating. It is almost the only electronic thing that gives them back their own voice. Even if their voices are hoarse and hopelessly out of tune. At least it is meaningful self-entertainment,51. The main idea of this passage is that .A. TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and musicB. TV and radio have weakened our interest in entertaining ourselvesC. people should not be too lazy or embarrassed to singD. parents should sing songs and read books aloud to their children52. According to the passage, Italians .A. only sing songs in HollywoodB. are no longer fond of musicC. only sing and dance in villagesD. don't sing much nowadays53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the decline in amateur singing?A. It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV.B. People don't want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves.C. Amateurs feel shy if they cannot sing as well as the professionals.D. Famous and talented musicians are always willing to entertain people.54. On hearing the voices of the famous writers of a long time past, the author was .A. very excitedB. very frightenedC. very nervousD. very surprised55. By slating “We are alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo,” the author means .A. we come back to life at the music provided by the TV and the stereoB. we only perceive the music provided by the TV and the stereoC. we should sing more than listen to the TV and the stereoD. we should listen to more music on the TV and the stereo56. The author's attitude toward karaoke is .A. negativeB. positiveC. neutralD. indifferentPassage TwoIf those “mad moments”― when you can't recall what your friend has told you or where you left your keys―are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help.Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which scientists now know show signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. “Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us have imagined and these processes continue gradually over the years,” said Dr. Gary Small, the director o f the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. “I'm convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program,” he added.In his book, The Memory Bible, the 51-year-old neuroscientist lists what he refers to as the 10 commandments for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, minimizing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. It's a game plan for keeping brain cells sparking and neural networks in tip-top shape.“Misplacing your keys a couple of times doesn't mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitabl e consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back,” he said.Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. According to him, simple memory tests give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as look, snap and connect are designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. “So if you want to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, maybe a prominent eyebrow,” said Small. “You associate the first thing that comes to mind. I think of the act or Warren Beatty so I create a mental snapshot of Warren Beatty kiss ing her brow.”Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. “Mental exercises could be anything from doing crossword puzzle s and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing," he added.He also recommends physical exercise, a low-fat diet and eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, walnuts and Brazil nuts, and fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants (抗氧化剂) including blueberries and onions in addition to reducing stress.57. The “mad moments” in the first paragraph refers to when we .A. have some mental problemsB. have lost our important thingsC. don't listen to what our friends tell us to doD. fail to remember what should be remembered58. In this passage, the author mainly tells us that .A. everyone can be forgetful sometimes regardless of one's ageB. we can prevent our sound mind from aging with certain methodsC. brain aging starts from the time when we are in our 20s and 30sD. memory loss is a sign that shows we are getting old59. According to this passage, .A. the game plan for keeping brain cells sparking doesn't work for everyoneB. Dr. Small's memory tests can show you what to do about brain agingC. Dr. Small's advice can help us fight brain aging effectivelyD. our brains can reconstruct memories themselves60. In the fifth paragraph, the author mainly .A. provides us with the weapons for attacking othersB. introduces the tools that help us fight against memory lossC. tells us about the important things we should never forgetD. explains the facial features useful for us to remember people61. By saying “I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create...her brow,” Dr. Small is trying to explain h ow to use the memory tool of .A. impressing rapidlyB. minimizing stressC. connecting related thingsD. observing carefully62. According to Dr. Small, .A. left-handers may start brain aging later than right-handers doB. learning a foreign language does not help to keep our brain from getting oldC. doing crossword puzzles is the best way to keep us from memory lossD. mental exercises plus healthy diet alone cannot keep us from brain agingPassage ThreeThrough the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed considerably. Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understanding of what it is, how it works, and the ways in which people learn to apply it has shifted. We do have the beginnings of a general theory of leadership, from history and social research and above all from the thoughts of reflective practitioners such as Moses, Julius Caesar, and James Madison, and in our own time from such disparate sources of wisdom as Gandhi, Winston Churchill, MaoTse-tung, and Henry Kissinger, who have very little in common except that they have not only been there but tried with some fairness to speculate on paper about it.But tales and reflective observation are not enough except to convince us that leaders are physically strong and abnormally hard workers. Today we are a little closer to understanding how and who people lead, but it wasn't easy getting there. Decades of academic analysis have given us more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of empirical investigations of leaders have been conducted in the last seventy-five years alone, but no clear understanding exists as to what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders, and perhaps more important, what distinguishes effective leaders from ineffective leaders and effective organizations from ineffective organizations.Never have so many labored so long to say so little. Multiple interpretations of leadership exist, each providing a fragment of insight but each remaining an incomplete and wholly inadequate explanation. Most of these definitions don't agree with each other, and many of them would seem quite remote to the leaders whose skills are being examined. Definitions reflect fashions, political tides and academic trends. They don't always reflect reality and sometimes they just represent nonsense. It's as if what Braque once said about art is also true of leadership: “The only thing that matters in art is the part that cannot be explained.” Many theories of leadership have come and gone. Some looked at the leader. Some looked at the situation. None has stood the test of time. With such a track record, it is understandable why leadership research and theory have been so frustrating as to deserve the label "the La Brea Tar Pits" of organizational inquiry. Located in Los Angeles, these asphalt pits house the remains of a long sequence of prehistoric animals that came to investigate but never left the area.63. In regard of leadership competencies, the author suggests that people have .A. believed in their existenceB. learned to apply them extensivelyC. found it very difficult to acquire themD. been unable to realize their importance64. Several big names are mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to show their .A. different styles of leadershipB. effective exercise of leadershipC. contributions to the theory of leadershipD. wisdom in applying the theory of leadership65. According to the author, people's opinions of leadership are on the whole quite .A. dividedB. originalC. misleadingD. sophisticated66. The author thinks that .A. many people have labored to be leadersB. leaders are beyond our understandingC. the essence of leadership has not been graspedD. the definitions of leadership should vary67. “The La Brea Tar Pits” probably signifies things that .A. can be traced back to the prehistoric ageB. are traps for those who want to inquireC. are located in one place foreverD. don't deserve full investigation68. This passage is mainly concerned with .A. the inconsistent theories of leadershipB. the famous leaders and their theoriesC. the changes in the trend of leadershipD. the inaccurate definitions of leadershipPassage FourWhen you leave a job with a traditional pension, don't assume you've lost the chance to collect it. You're entitled to whatever benefit you've earned―and you might even be entitled to take it now. “A lot of people forget they have it, or they think that by waiting until they're 65, they'll have a bigger benefit,”says Wayne Bogosian, president of the PFE Group, which provides corporate pre-retirement education.Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is worth. If it's less than $ 5,000, or if the company offers a lump-sum payout, it will generally close your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $5,000 invested over 20 years at eight percent interest is $23,000. If your pension is worth more than $ 5,000, or your company doesn't offer the lump-sum option, find out how much money you're eligible for at the plan's normal retirement age, the earlier age at which you can collect the pension, the more severe penalty for collecting it early. You'll probably still come out ahead by taking the money now and investing it.What if you left a job years ago, and you're realizing you may have unwittingly left behind a pension? Get help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. It has an online search tool that has helped locate $47 million in lost benefits for more than 12,000 workers.If you have a traditional pension, retiring early costs more than you might expect. Most people assume you take a proportional cut for leaving before your plan's normal retirement age. For example, you might think that if you need to accrue 30 years ofservice and you leave three years early, you'd get a pension 90 percent of the full amount.But that's not how it works. Instead, you take an actuarial reduction, determined by the employer but often around five percent a year, for each year you leave early. So retiring three years early could leave you with only 85 percent of the total amount.When you retire early with a defined-contribution plan, the problem is you start spending investments on which you could be earning interest. If you retire when you're 55, for example, and start using the traditional pension then, by age 65 you'll have only about half of what you would have had if you'd kept working until 65.69. When one leaves a job with a traditional pension, .A. he tends to forget that he has the pensionB. he has no right to ask for the pensionC. he'll have a bigger benefit than if he waits until the age of 65D. he has a specified worth of pension70. If the retiree's pension is less than $5,000, it is wise of him to .A. ask the company for a lump-sum payoutB. require his former boss to figure out the value of his pensionC. take the pension with him and make a profit out of itD. collect the pension at his retirement plan's normal retirement age71. If one leaves early before his plan's normal retirement age, .A. he'll take 90 percent of the total amount of his pensionB. he'll have half of his pension paymentsC. he'll have his pension payment reduced by 5% a yearD. he'll have only 85 percent of his full pension72. If one retires early with a defined-contribution plan, he is expected to .A. earn less interestB. be better off than with a traditional pensionC. start investment immediatelyD. get less Social Security benefits73. Which of the following can be used as the subtitle for the last three paragraphs?A. Your Payout Is Not Guaranteed.B. The Retirement Dilemma.C. Leave Early, Lose Big.D. Take the Pension with You.74. Which of the following is NOT true?A. If one leaves 3 years early on a 30-year-service basis, he won't get a pension worth 27/30ths.B. It pays to get an early retirement if one understands how retirement pension plan works.C. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation helps the retiree to recover last benefits.D. If one keeps his expenses within his retirement framework, he won't be severelyaffected.Passage FiveIn a landmark decision, U. S. District Judge Leonie Brinkema ruled November 23, 1998, in Mainstream Loudown v. Board of Trustees of the Loudown County Library that the use of blocking software to restrict Internet access in public libraries is unconstitutional. Despite the library's claims that its actions were justified in the name of “protecting minors from harmfulcontent,” Judge Brinkema ruled that the library could not reduce adult access to standards established for children.“The use of blocking software in libraries offends the guarantee of free speech,” she ruled, and “constitutes a prior restraint” on all speech. The Loudown County X-Stop software blocked access to a wide range of websites, including those of Quakers, the conservative Heritage Foundation, and AIDS education groups, as well as information about banned books and safe sex. Relying on Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, Brinkema rejected arguments that the installation of such filtering devices constitutes “a library acquisition decision, to which the First Amendment does not apply.” She pointed out that, since the li brary had originally provided uncensored Internet access and had then taken specific actions to limit it, the situation was analogous to the removal of library materials. The result, she said, was similar to “a collection of encyclopedias from which defendants h ave laboriously revised portions deemed unfit for library patrons.”Although Brinkema's decision will have a major impact on the development of library policies nationwide, there is a crucial underlying problem that cannot be resolved through the legal process. Filtering software is created and produced by private companies that are quite eager and happy to make all the decisions for us. And by purchasing and installing their products, we are agreeing to let them do just that. It is to these private companies we are surrendering selection and access to the Internet's huge database of electronic information. This means that even the staffs at public libraries have no role in the selection process.The Washington Coalition Against Censorship's new original T-shirt design advocates the only solution we can trust to preserve our First Amendment liberties: “Use your brain: the filter you were born with,”75. The passage is mainly concerned with .A. whether it is legal to install computer software in public librariesB. whether libraries have to remove materials they consider harmfulC. what reading materials public libraries should provide to their patronsD. what kind of online services public libraries should offer their readers76. One of the defendant's arguments is that .A. the First Amendment does not apply to library purchasing decisionsB. certain materials have to be filtered to protect the ethnic minoritiesC. adults are guaranteed greater freedom to information than childrenD. the library intends to give their readers only healthy information77. Which of the following statements is NOT true of X-Stop software?A. It was purchased from a private commercial company.B. It denied both children and adults access to certain websites.C. It revised a certain portion of the encyclopedias in the library.D. Its installation in a county library was declared illegal by the court.78. Even after the 1998 court decision, the public still have to face the fundamental problem of .A. giving up their freedom of speech on the InternetB. having more restricted access to electronic InformationC. not allowing the librarians to select reading materials for themD. letting the commercial companies decide what they would read79. The word “uncensored” in the third paragraph probably means .A. freeB. timelyC. beneficialD. restricted80. According to the author, the decision about what is the best to read lies with .A. the librariansB. the individual citizensC. the governmentD. the legal courts。
北京地区研究生学位英语真题附标准试题及解析
北京地区研究生学位英语真题附标准试题及解析一、阅读理解阅读下列短文和问题，根据短文内容，从问题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项。
Passage 1Laptops are common possessions among college students. However, their usage in the classroom is not always effective. A growing number of studentsare typing their notes on laptops instead of writing them down. Researchers have found that taking notes on laptops in class leads to lower academic performance compared to writing notes on paper.A recent study conducted by a psychologist at Princeton University showed that students who type their notes do worse on tests regarding the information discussed in class as compared to students who handwrite their notes. This could be explained by the fact that typing notes encouragesstudents to focus on transcribing what they hear, rather than understanding the information and writing it down in their own words. On the other hand, students who take notes on paper have to process the information and summarize it in a way that allows them to take notes quickly and efficiently.Moreover, the use of laptops in class is inherently distracting. Students can easily get sidetracked by social media sites or unrelated browsing. This leads to a decrease in focus and attention in class, which in turn can affect their academicperformance.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Typing notes on laptops in class is more efficient than writing them by hand.B. Laptops are distracting in the classroom and can lead to lower academic performance.C. Princeton University conducted a recent study on the use of laptops in class.D. The use of laptops is becoming more and more common among collegestudents.答案：B2. Why do students who type their notes often perform worse on tests?A. They are too focused on transcribing what they hear.B. They are too distracted by unrelated browsing on the internet.C. They have trouble processing information quickly and efficiently.D. They are not able to write down information in their own words.答案：A3. What is the author's opinion on the use of laptops in the classroom?A. Laptops should be banned from classrooms.B. Students should be allowed to have laptops in the classroom, but with restrictions.C. Laptops are useful tools in the classroom, as long as they are used properly.D. The use of laptops in the classroomhas no effect on academic performance.答案：B二、翻译请将以下英文翻译成中文：1. The company's HR policies need to be updated to reflect changes in the industry.2. The recruitment process is time-consuming and requires a lot of resources.答案：1. 公司的人力资源政策需要更新以反映行业的变化。
北大英语考研试题
北大英语考研试题1. Passage 1：A few years ago, a researcher conducted a study to investigate the effects of music on the brain. The participants in the study were divided into two groups. One group listened to classical music while the other group did not listen to any music. The results of the study showed that the group that listened to classical music performed better on memory tests compared to the group that did not listen to any music. This finding suggests that classical music has a positive impact on memory.2. Passage 2：In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has grown significantly. Many people prefer to shop online due to the convenience it offers. Online shopping allows people to browse through a wide range of products and make purchases from the comfort of their own homes. Additionally, online shopping often offers better deals and discounts compared to traditional brick-and-mortar stores. However, there are also some disadvantages to online shopping, such as the lack of physical interaction and the inability to try on or examine products before purchasing. Despite these drawbacks, online shopping continues to gain popularity.3. Passage 3：In today's fast-paced society, stress is a common problem that many people face. Stress can have a negative impact on bothphysical and mental health. To effectively manage stress, it is important to identify the sources of stress and develop coping mechanisms. Some effective strategies for managing stress include exercise, relaxation techniques, and seeking support from friends and family. It is also important to prioritize and manage time effectively to reduce stress levels. By implementing these strategies, individuals can lead healthier and more balanced lives.4. Passage 4：The importance of environmental conservation has become increasingly apparent in recent years. With issues such as climate change and deforestation, it is crucial for individuals and governments to take action to protect the environment. This can be done through various means, such as reducing carbon emissions, promoting renewable energy sources, and implementing sustainable practices. Additionally, raising awareness about the importance of environmental conservation is also essential. By working together, we can create a cleaner and more sustainable planet for future generations.5. Passage 5：In the field of medicine, advancements in technology have revolutionized healthcare delivery. From robotic surgeries to telemedicine, technology has improved patient care and outcomes. For example, robotic surgeries allow for more precision and accuracy, resulting in reduced risk and faster recovery times. Telemedicine allows patients to receive medical advice and treatment remotely, eliminating the need for in-person visits. Thesetechnological advancements have made healthcare more accessible and efficient, benefiting both patients and healthcare providers.。
1999年6月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题
1999年6月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A ( 1 points each)1. A Friends B RelativesC A real estate agent and a client.D A boss and an employee.2. A He was held up by the traffic.B He was engaged in housework.C He fell into a ditch.D He spent too much time eating.3. A Call Mr. Weaver at the lobby.B let Mr. Weaver post a map to them.C Seek information from the directory.D Ask the porter for directions.4. A Mr. Crane do esn’t live far from his office building.B Mr. Crane is usually late for his work.C People tend to get a job in nearby areas.D Most people hate working early in the morning.5. A Ten B Fifteen C Twenty D Thirty6. A At the beginning of the term B Towards the end of the term.C During the Christmas seasonD During the summer vacation.7. A The hairdresser’s is cheap but good.B The woman’s hairstyle is not the latest fashion.C Short hair is better for her than long hair.D Good service is seldom found round the area.8. A Too many young people swim in the lake.B The government failed to regulate fishing.C There is an excessive growth of water weeds.D Some chemical has killed the water weeds.9. A Frank’s choice of subject B Frank’s negligence.C Frank’s irrelevant responseD Frank’s arroganceSection B ( 1 point each)10. A Around 1000 B. C B Around 3000 B.C.C In the 17th centuryD in the 18th century11. A Because soap had not been invented yet.B Because people preferred to use perfumes.C Because frequent bathing was believed to be harmful.D Because they felt happy to be called “The Great Unwashed.”12. A Taking a daily bath. B Taking a bath once a month.C Taking no bath unless it was hydrotherapy.D Public baths were forbidden.13. A She could not find the grocery store.B She could not buy what she wanted.C She could not understand what the grocer said.D She bought some newspaper.14. A She was very quiet and shy.B She wanted to please her boyfriend.C She was afraid that people would find her mistakes.D She was confident about herself.15. A She will be living in an English speaking family.B She will have a job in an English environment.C She will get married to an English teacher.D She will go to a language school.Part II. Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)16. The latest manifestation of compromise was the President’s state visit to China.A developmentB indicationC impactD consequence17. The only way out for the baffled s tudents is to choose one point of view for reasons they can’t fully explain.A boredB discouragedC perplexedD unbiased.18. She was a formidable woman, determined to speak her mind and have her own way.A irrationalB opinionatedC ceremoniousD awe-inspiring19. The discourtesy of taxi-drivers in Beijing used to draw a cry of protest.A talkativeB rudenessC diminutionD lawlessness20. The strong smell of cooking seemed to permeate the whole flat.A emitB immenseC inhabitD pervade21. A magnificent TV station was virtuall y destroyed in a NATO’s air strike in Kosovo.A completelyB hardlyC visuallyD almost22. Before the flames, tens of thousands of homeless people fled throughout the night.A ran awayB gatheredC turned upD disappeared.23. In the past when they looked at each other like that they felt that their souls, as it were, put their arms round each other.A as usualB so to speakC for sureD on purpose24. Delegates to the conference promised to set up a survey on Antarctica which, by virtue of its isolation, is one of the purest research environments from which to study the ozone hole.A with regard toB in accordance withC as a result ofD in addition to25. The Rachel Papers did not seem likely to appeal to a teenage readership, but the film’s poster favors a resoundingly youthful slant.A instructB interestC resort toD persuadeSection B (0.5 point each)26. All visitors to this gallery are requested to _____ with the regulations.A concedeB assentC conformD comply27. One of the problems the local authorities have to deal with is the ___of plastic containers.A disposalB dispatchC discourseD dismay28. The high ___ of road accidents on the super highway is giving cause for serious concern.A coincidenceB occurrenceC circumstanceD occasion29. In the longer term, Chinese managers who perform well can expect to take their place in the international ____A hierarchyB ultimateC hostilityD zenith30. In some cases, it is difficult to find the exact ___ of a particular word of one language in another, for example, the Chinese expression for the English word “cool”.A equalityB correspondenceC equivalentD compatibility31. It is a great shame that many children in poverty-stricken areas are ____ access to primary education.A deprivedB refusedC rejectedD denied32. The open-minded tend to view most issues from a liberal ____A perspectiveB prospectC perceptionD proposition33. Governments of many countries appreciate the Chinese ____ to hold renminbi steady despite the financial crisis.A commitmentB compromiseC complexionD compliment34. The market was able to ____ its experiences of the 1987 turmoil and many of the worst aspects were not repeated.A draw onB try onC drop onD bear on35. Sometimes the imprudence ___ some policy-makers results in heavy losses to the national interests.A in the place ofB for the sake ofC in view ofD on the part ofPart II. Close Test ( 10 minutes, 1 point each)It was an awesome moment of owners of electronic pagers last May, when 45 million of the units across North America suddenly flared and 36 . The blackout was caused not by 37 routine equipment failure but by a massive storm on the surface of the sun that shorted out an Earth-orbiting communications satellite. Such solar typhoons are not 38 , and the damage they do can be considerable. Last week NASA announced that 39 may now be possible to predict the storms and take action to limit their 40 .The most violent type of solar eruption is 41 a coronal mass ejection (CME), a vast bubble of gas that bursts from the sun and releases a wave of charged particles into space. Slamming into Earth’s atmosphere, CME42 have been known to fry satellites, bathe airplanes with radiation and 43 entire cities.Recently, researchers studying satellite 44 of the sun have paid special attention to great, S-shaped twists of plasma called signoids 45 they now believe are an early 46 of CME formation. 47Find a sign oid, and within a few days you’ll probably see an explosion. 48 it takes an additional four days for the so lar tsunami to reach Earth, you can double today’s early-warning time.That time can be well used. Satellite operators who know a CME 49 front is coming can shut their systems off to prevent short-circuiting. Earth-based power grids can be temporarily, ----50 expensively---- reconfigured to provide extra grounding. Astronauts planning a space walk can stay indoors until the danger passes.36. A died B disappeared C erased D shut37. A that B some C its D all38. A common B uncommon C usually D unusually39. A what B this C it D they40. A threat B affluence C intention D impact41. relevant to B compared to C known as D combined with42. A discharges B discards C distinction D distribution43. A spread out B black out C wipe out D knock out44. A connections B communications C images D procedures45. A that B these C those D whom46. A step B moment C stage D period47. A Finding B Find C Having found D To find48. A Although B Unless C Since D No matter if49. A failure B routine C research D storm50. A if B not C while D soPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OnePost-holiday blood shortages are nothing new to hospitals. But last week, physician James Devitt at Miami Valley Hospital saw disaster looming. For the first time ever, he called surgeons at home and urged them to postpone all non-emergency surgeries requiring large amounts of blood. By the time he was done dialing. Devitt had persuaded surgeons to reschedule at least 14 operations. Not that he was pleased by the delays. “If we don’t get some of these surgeries done soon,” Devitt says, “they could become emergencies.”Miami Valley, wasn’t alone. Confronting a national blood shortage, physicians in Atlanta, Pittsburgh, New York, Baltimore, and Washington moved to postpone non-emergency surgeries. “We’ve never seen cancellations of surgeries like this,” says Melissa Macmillan, spokesperson for America’s Blood Centers (ABC). “It’s absolutely the last resort.”The blood shortage was so grim that about half of all U.S. blood banks carried less than a one-day supply. Normally, they stockpile three days’ worth. Supplier s need the extra red cells on hand for emergencies like car accidents----one trauma patient can quickly wipe out a hospital’s entire blood supply.This month’s crippling blood drought is worse than usual because winter storms forced cancellations of bl ood drives in the Midwest, considered America’s “blood basket.” Blood providers like ABC and the Red Cross count on that region to supply the rest of the country during normal shortages. But last week, icy roads kept donors away from blood banks, while school and workplace closings forced blood-drive organizations to cancel events.Blood industry experts say the long-term outlook is ominous. Hospitals need more blood to treat an aging population, and donations aren’t keeping pace. Only 5% of those eligib le donate, and even fewer people plan to give this year, according to a recent Harris Poll. The ranks of the most loyal donors, the World War II generation, are thinning. For the most part, baby boomers say they are too busy, and young people are apathetic.51 The quotation of Devitt’s remarks in Paragraph One serves to _____A prove that he was not pleased by the delays.B explain that blood shortage is not rare.C analyze the characteristics of emergencies.D emphasize the necessity of blood transfusion52. What is the subject of Paragraph Two ?A The inefficiency of most physicians.B The seriousness of the nationwide blood shortage.C The disappointment of the ABC spokesperson.D The significance of the cancellations of surgeries.53. What can we learn from Paragraph Three ?A Blood price is higher because of the blood shortage.B One patient has used up a hospital’s entire blood supply.C Red cells are usually more available than some other things.D Many suppliers are facing a marked shrinkage of blood stock.54. What is said about the Midwest?A Blood drives forced school and workplace closings.B A severe draught hit the area this month.C It is the major area for blood donation.D Donors there were organized to drive to the rest of the country.55. “Baby boomers” (in Paragraph 5) most probably refer to ________A the World War II generationB the middle-aged Americans.C the aging populationD the most loyal donors56. Which of the following best describes the tone of the author?A OminousB IronicC ApatheticD WorrisomePassage TwoAmerica’s most relentless examiner, the Educational Testing Service, has developed computer software, known as R-rater, to evaluate essays on the Graduate Management Admission Test. Administered to 200,000 business school applicants each year, the GMAT includes two 30-min, essays that test takers type straight into a computer. In the past, those essays were graded on a six-point scale by two readers. This month, the computer will replace one of the readers ----with the proviso that a second reader will be consulted if the computer and human-reader scores differ by more than a point.It’s one thing for a machine to determine whether a bubble has been correctly filled in, but can it read outside the lines, so to speak? Well, yes and no. E-Rater “learns” what constitutes good and bad answers from a sample of pregraded essays. Using that information, it breaks the essay down to its syntax, organization and content. The software checks basics like subject-verb agreement and recognizes phrases and sentence structures that are likely to be found in high-scoring essays. Of course, the machine can’t “get” a clever turn of phrase or an unusual analogy. “If I’m unique, I might no t fall under the scoring instructions,” concedes Frederic McHale, a vice president at the GMAT Council. On the other hand, E-Rater is mercilessly objective and never tired halfway through a stack of essays. The upshot: in pretrial tests, E-Rater and a human reader were just as likely to agree as were two readers. “It’s not intended to judge a person’s creativity,” says Darrell Laham, co-developer of the Intelligent Essay Assessor, a computer-grading system similar to E-Rater. “It’s to give students a chance to construct a response instead of just pointing at a bubble.”That won’t reassure traditionalists, who argue that writing simply can’t be reduced to rigidadjective plus subject plus verb formulations. “Writing is a human act, with aesthetic dimension s that computers can only begin to understand,” says David Schaafsma, professor of English education at Teachers College of Columbia University. The Kaplan course, a leader in test prep, has taken a more pragmatic approach: it has issued a list of strategi es for “the age of the computerized essay.” One of its tips: use transitional phrases like “therefore,” and the computer just might think you’re Dickens.57. E-Rater is described as _________A the substitute for the GMA T.B American’s most relentless examiner.C a machine to grade bubble-filling papers.D a computer-grading system.58. Until “this month”, the GMAT test takers had to ________A type their compositions straight into a computer.B have their writing graded by two human assessors .C finish two essays with a pen and paper in 30 minutes.D take pretrial tests on a six-point scale59. In Paragraph 2 the expression “read outside the lines” refers to the ability to ____A understand student essaysB reporting scores.C recogn izing a wrong bubble.D judging a person’s creativity60. Frederic McHale implies that if the test taker is unique, he would ____A get a top gradeB get an averageC be in advantageD be in disadvantage61. When computers are used to grade essays, all of the following is true EXCEPT ______A nobody is rendered special kindness.B human readers are still needed.C the grading time is generally shortened.D more people would get lower scores.62. It can be inferred that Professor Schaafsma agrees with ________A traditionalistsB Darrell LahamC supporters of E-RaterD the Kaplan course designers63. To cite one of the Kaplan’s tips in the closing sentence is to show that ________A transitional phrases should not be neglected.B “therefore” is often neglected as one of the useful expression.C E-Reader may favor the widely accepted style of writing.D Dickens is one of the greatest writers in the world.Passage Three :For a long time we have worked hard at isolating the individual family. This has increased the mobility of individuals; and by encouraging young families to break away from the older generation and the home community, we have been able to speed up the acceptance of change and the rapid spread of innovative behaviour. But at the same time we have burdened every small family with tremendous responsibilities once shared within three generations and among a large number of people----the nurturing of small children , the emergence of adolescents into adulthood, and care of the sick and disabled and the protection of the aged. What we have failed to realize is that even as we have separated the single family from the larger society, we have expected each couple to take on a range of obligations that traditionally have been shared within a family and awider community.So all over the world there are millions of families left alone, as it were, each in its own box--- parents faced with the specter of what may happen if either one gets sick, children fearful that their parents may end their quarrels with divorce, and empty-handed old people without any role in the life of the next generation.Then, having reduced little by little to almost nothing the relationship between families and the community, when families get i nto trouble because they can’t accomplish the impossible , we turn their problems over to impersonal social agencies, which can act only in a fragmented way because they are limited to patchwork programs that often are too late to accomplish what is most needed.Individuals and families do get some kind of help, but what they learn and what those who work hard within the framework of social agencies convey, even as they try to help, is that families should be able to care for themselves.64. According to the author, when younger families are isolated, _____A old people can easily accept the change.B people keep moving from place to place.C individuals can hardly become innovative.D economy develops at high speed.65. What is said to be the major problem facing young couples?A They need to fulfill more obligations.B They are incapable of balancing the budget.C They have their children spoiled and over-indulged.D They get empty-handed after divorce.66. We know from the second paragraph that ____A old people are less healthy than the younger generations.B divorce rate of the old people is lower than that of the young.C divorce is possible at a result of quarrels between the parents.D parents care more about the health of their children than their own.67. It is implied by the author that _____A social agencies in America can be very helpful.B the help to American families from social agencies is limited.C the government should do more to improve patchwork programs.D the fragmentary nature of the American family’s unique.Passage FourAt present rates of demand, the world has enough oil in known and economically viable reserves to last for more than 40 years, enough gas for more than 60 years and enough coal for more than 230 years. Naturally, demand will increase; but so will reserves as companies explore more widely and costs fall. Since 1970 viable reserves of oil have almost doubled while those of gas have leapt three-fold. One distant day a difficult situation will come, but as it approaches fossil-fuel prices will rise, making alternative forms of energy, perhaps including nuclear power, competitive. That is no reason to spend on nuclear right now.An oil shocks is a more worrying prospect, despite toda y’s low oil price and OPEC’s present inability to budge it upwards. However, even if an oil shock is a real danger, building nuclearreactors is not a good way to avert it. A higher oil price would have a relatively small effect on the supply of electricity---- the only sort of energy that nuclear power can now provide. Just over a tenth of the world’s electricity is generated from oil, and the proportion h as steadily fallen since 1970. Transport, by contrast, relies almost entirely upon oil, already swallo wing half the world’s oil supply and likely to take an even larger chunk in the future. If the supply of oil were cut off tomorrow, billions of people would find themselves immobile. Relatively few would be without electricity.Besides, there are superior, non-nuclear, ways to prepare for an oil shock. Governments could take advantage of today’s low oil prices to build up their stocks. Especially where congestion and population are serious problems, they could try to restrict the growth of car use, or promote cars which use less fuel. For governments keen to reduce electricity’s remaining dependence on oil still further, there are usually cheaper alternatives to nuclear, such as coal or hydro power.Climate change is a legitimate worry. Although still riddled with uncertainties, the science of climate change is becoming firmer: put too much carbon in the atmosphere and you might end up cooking the earth, with possibly catastrophic results. But here again, switching immediately to nuclear power is not th e best response. Cutting the large subsidies that go to the world’s coal producers would help tilt the world’s energy balance towards natural gas, which gives off much less carbon dioxide. Developing countries subsidize electricity prices up to $ 120 billion a year, according to World Bank estimates. If prices reflected the true costs of generation, electricity demand would fall, thus cutting greenhouse emissions.68. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A Oil, gas and coal play an important role in energy supply.B The more reserves, the greater demand there is for energy.C There is no point in bothering about nuclear power at present.D Some other forms of energy will replace fossil fuels someday.69 In Paragraph 1, the sentence “ One distant day ……competitive.” Stresses that ___________A a shortage of fossil fuels will result in a rise of their prices.B fossil fuels may eventually give way to more competitive energy sources.C. facing the exhaustion of fossil fuels, nuclear power is a good alternative.D energy crisis will be too far ahead to worry about.70. Which of the following would NOT be true if an oil shock came soon?A It wouldn’t affect much of the supply of electricity.B it would have great impact on transport.C The world would be badly in need of nuclear plants.D Oil price would go upwards.71. What is NOT mentioned as a way to prepare for an oil shock?A Exploiting nuclear energy instead.B Promoting cars which consume less fuel.C Building up stocks of oil for future consumption.D Using coal or hydro power.72. What is meant by “cooking the earth”?A The earth is getting warmer as if fueled by carbon dioxide discharges.B Owing to the change of climate, there will be less oil reserves.C The power plants emit too much smoke and fumes.D Automobile exhausts give off too much carbon.73. The word “generation” in the last sentence refers to _______A all people of about the same age in society.B all members of his type of power plants.C the period of time when production is made.D the process of producing electricity.74. What is the main idea of the passage?A To reject the idea of turning to nuclear reactors for energy.B To demonstrate that there are alternative forms of energy.C To defend oil consumption from the blame for greenhouse effect.D To warn people of the inevitable exhaustion of fossil fuels.Passage FiveNorthern marshes are being turned into empty, desecrated mud flat wastelands. The culprit? Snow geese.These marshes are the breeding ground for snow geese. Once destroyed, some fear the species will take over the habitat of the Canada goose---- a popular game bird in Minnesota. If this happens, Minnesota hunting and land conditions could be greatly affected.The snow goose population has been on the rise the last 25 years, but numbers are hitting an all-time high. This year there is an estimated 4.5 or 6 million birds, triple what the population was 25 years ago.Although effects of the snow goos e invasion aren’t apparent in Minneapolis, northern Minnesota and Canada can clearly see the signs. The population growth is due to the birds’ wintering habits. They fly south to Louisiana, Texas and Mississippi to nest. The conditions and food availability had made it so more birds survive the winter and the trip back north. The period over which they’ve increased correlates to a change in agriculture practices.After World War II, there was an increase in man-made fertilizers, yielding an increase of corn, rice, wheat and other crops. There have also been other changes in agricultural practices causing an increase of production in cereal crops.The geese find the agricultural areas better than the natural areas. The geese have escaped from any natural limits. They are not doing this on their own; it is in response to human practices. Usually, about 70 to 75 percent of the birds make it back to Canada in late winter and early spring. But the surviving number of snow geese has steadily climbed each year to reach 95 percent in the last couple of years. Because so many survive, they strip the capacity of the breeding ground.The snow geese are destroying salt marshes where they nest in the summer, about 30 percent of the salt marshes are completely destroyed, leaving them as inhabitable mud flats. Another 35 percent of salt marshes are significantly damaged.There are three possible solutions: Let the problem take care of itself and wait for the population to crash, deal directly with the population by changing hunting limits and regulations or address the cause of the problem in the south.75. According to the author, if the marshes are devastated, _______A the snow geese will be in danger.B the agriculture of the area will suffer.C the Canada geese will replace the snow geese.D snow geese may move to nest in Minnesota.76. The snow geese population ____A was about 3 million 25 years ago.B was 4.5 million 10 years ago.C reaches its highest point in history.D will keep growing within 25 years.77. The sharp rise of the snow geese population is mainly caused by _______A a lack of natural enemies.B a great care of wildlife preservationists.C favorite conditions in their winter habitat.D changes in agricultural practices in the north.78. It is implied in the passage that _________A the use of man-made fertilizers should be limited.B the number of snow geese will eventually drop if no actions are taken.C people should do something to extend the birds’ breeding area.D the surviving rate of snow geese can be controlled back to 70%.79. Which of the following is one of the solutions proposed by the author?A To regulate new laws on hunting to check the growth of snow geese.B To exterminate snow geese on a large scale by hunting them as a game.C To alter the balance by hunting more of the Canada geese.D To make snow geese nest in the south and never trip back north.80. Which of the following statements best summarizes the passage?A More snow geese tend to stay south for the summer.B Human practices of agriculture have damaged salt marshes.C Snow geese will exhaust the northern marshes.D We should make a prompt action to preserve rare birds.Paper TwoPart V Translation ( 40 minutes, 20 points)Section A ( 20 minutes, 10 points)Intimacy is key in a world of connection (where individuals negotiate complex networks of friendship , minimize differences, try to reach consensus, and avoid the appearance of superiority, which would highlight differences. In a world of status, independence is key, because a primary means of establishing status is to tell others what to do, and taking orders is a marker of low status.Though all humans need both intimacy and independence, women tend to focus on the first and men on the second. It is as if their lifeblood ran in different directions.Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)没有人愿意看到东南亚金融危机在中国重演，因此，有效的预防和坚定的调整在今天日益开放的经济环境中尤显重要。
北京市研究生英语学位课统考(GET)真题2011年1月 GETJAN0811
试卷 二共计时 60 分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。 六、试卷 一 与试卷 二采取分别收卷的办法。每次终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考
教师收点试卷及答题纸。全部考试结束后，须待监考教师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无
误并宣布本考试结束，方可离开考场。ຫໍສະໝຸດ A-lPAPERONE
PART 1 LISTENING C。如fPREHENSION (25 minutes , 20 points) Section A (1 point each) Directions: In this section, you wi/l hear nine short conversations
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At the end of each conversation a question wil/ be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions w il/ be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the correspond切g letter with a single bar αcross the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
北京市研究生学位英语考试真题及答案
北京市研究生学位英语考试真题及答案Beijing Municipal Research Graduate Entrance Examination (BMREE) is a standardized test designed to assess the English proficiency of graduate students applying for degree programs in Beijing. The exam consists of listening, reading, writing, and speaking sections, each testing different aspects of English language skills. In this article, we will provide a sample BMREE exam paper along with the answers.Listening Section:Questions 1-3:Listen to the following conversations and choose the correct answer:1. What did the man forget to bring to the meeting?A. His notesB. His laptopC. His coffeeAnswer: A. His notes2. When is the party scheduled to start?A. 7:30 pmB. 8:00 pmC. 8:30 pmAnswer: B. 8:00 pm3. What is the woman doing this weekend?A. Studying for examsB. Going shoppingC. Visiting her parentsAnswer: C. Visiting her parentsReading Section:Questions 4-6:Read the following passage and answer the questions:Passage: Climate change is a pressing issue that affects the entire planet. As global temperatures rise, glaciers melt and sea levels increase, leading to more frequent natural disasters such as hurricanes and floods. It is crucial for governments and individuals to take action to reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment for future generations.4. What is the main topic of the passage?A. Global warmingB. Natural disastersC. Environmental protectionAnswer: A. Global warming5. What are some of the consequences of climate change mentioned in the passage?A. Melting glaciers and rising sea levelsB. Droughts and wildfiresC. Earthquakes and tsunamisAnswer: A. Melting glaciers and rising sea levels6. What action does the passage suggest to address climate change?A. Planting more treesB. Reducing carbon emissionsC. Building more damsAnswer: B. Reducing carbon emissionsWriting Section:Question 7:Write an essay (200-300 words) on the following topic:"The importance of cultural exchange programs in promoting global understanding and cooperation."Speaking Section:Practice speaking about the following topics:8. Discuss a book or movie that has had a significant impact on you.9. Describe a memorable travel experience and what you learned from it.10. Talk about an important historical event and its significance.Answers:1. A2. B3. C4. A5. A6. BThis sample BMREE exam paper provides an overview of the types of questions students can expect to encounter on the test. It is important for students to prepare thoroughly by practicing listening, reading, writing, and speaking in English to achieve a high score on the exam. Good luck to all the students taking the BMREE!。
北京+同等学力申硕英语考试真题
北京+同等学力申硕英语考试真题Beijing Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Majors with Equivalent Academic QualificationsIntroductionThe Beijing Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Majors with Equivalent Academic Qualifications is a standardized test designed to assess the English language proficiency of candidates who hold a bachelor's degree in English or a related field. This exam serves as a prerequisite for admission to postgraduate programs in English language and literature at universities in Beijing, China. The exam consists of three sections: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and writing. Applicants must demonstrate a high level of proficiency in all three areas to be considered for admission.Listening ComprehensionThe listening comprehension section of the exam assesses candidates' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. Candidates are required to listen to a series of recorded passages and answer multiple-choice questions based on the content of the passages. The passages cover a wide range of topics, including academic lectures, interviews, andconversations. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their ability to comprehend spoken English at an advanced level, including understanding complex ideas and details, inferring meaning, and making logical inferences.Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the exam evaluates candidates' ability to comprehend written English texts of varying lengths and complexity. Candidates are presented with a series of passages on a variety of topics, including literature, history, science, and social issues. The passages may be excerpted from academic journals, newspapers, or literary works. Candidates are required to answer multiple-choice questions that test their understanding of the main ideas, supporting details, and inferences in the passages. They must also demonstrate their ability to analyze and evaluate the information presented in the passages.WritingThe writing section of the exam assesses candidates' ability to communicate effectively in written English. Candidates are required to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time frame. The essay prompt may ask candidates to express their opinions on a current issue, analyze a literary work, ordiscuss a research topic. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their ability to organize and develop their ideas coherently, support their arguments with relevant evidence, and use appropriate language and style. In addition to evaluating candidates' writing skills, this section also tests their critical thinking and analytical abilities.Preparation and TipsPreparing for the Beijing Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Majors with Equivalent Academic Qualifications requires a combination of linguistic skills, critical thinking, and test-taking strategies. To succeed in the exam, candidates should:1. Develop strong language skills by immersing themselves in English language materials, such as books, articles, and films.2. Practice listening to a variety of English accents and dialects to improve their listening comprehension skills.3. Read extensively in English to expand their vocabulary and improve their reading comprehension abilities.4. Practice writing essays on a variety of topics to hone their writing skills and analytical thinking.5. Familiarize themselves with the format and structure of the exam by taking practice tests and reviewing sample questions.ConclusionThe Beijing Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Majors with Equivalent Academic Qualifications is a rigorous and challenging test that assesses candidates' English language proficiency and academic skills. By preparing effectively and using the tips outlined in this guide, candidates can increase their chances of success on the exam and gain admission to a postgraduate program in English language and literature in Beijing. Good luck!。
北京市研究生英语统考试题2006-6
2006年6月PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points)Section A (1point each)1. A. He has spent many days writing his linguistic term paper.B. He spent one day working on his linguistic term paper.C. His term paper on linguistics was done yesterday.D. His linguistic term paper was due several days beforeyesterday.2. A. There will be many people at the party.B. The man will do his assignment before the party.C. She's not going to the party.D. The man won't be able to go to the party.3. A. He isn't serious about the expedition.B. It will cost him a lot of money.C. Other people paid for his airfare.D. It isn't fair for him to go alone.4. A. The Personnel Manager is not here.B. Mr. Smith is the Personnel Manager.C. The Personnel Manager is on vacation.D. Mrs. Jones is the new Personnel Manager.5. A. In a garden. B. In an orchard.C. In a shop.D. In a kitchen.6. A. Half a month. B. One and a half months.C. Two months. D Two and a half months.7. A. Avenues run east and west.B. Streets are in the downtown area.C. Avenues run north and south.D. Streets are in the west side of New York.8. A. Pick up the man at 5:00.B. Meet her friends at the restaurant.C. Make dinner for the man.D. Do her errands after dinner.9. A. It will be ready by three o'clock today. B. It can be picked up at two o'clock tomorrow.C. It will be ready in two hours.D. Only two rolls will be ready on time.Section B ( 1 point each)Mini-talk One10.A.2- 4 times. B. 4 - 6 times.C. 6-8 times.D. About 10 times.11. A. Dreams show people are working at night.B. Dreams help people look at daily-life situations and fears.C. Dreams can help us solve our problems.D. Dreams allow us to have different personalities.12. A. King and queen = our parents.B. Small animals = children.C. A long journey = worries about the dead.D. Crossing a river = making an important decision.Mini-talk Two13. A. 400. B. 1400. C. 4000. D. 4400.14. A. Drive in a straight-line.B. Walk along a white line.C. Pass the breath test.D. All of the above.15. A. Walking to work.B. Receiving a fine.C. Being not allowed to drive for a while.D. Paying for his insurance.Section C ( 1 point each)16. Lecture Topic: _________________________________17. Step 1:________________________________________18. Step 2:________________________________________19. Step 3:________________________________________20. Step 4:________________________________________PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. The girl was fortunate enough to live under the care of an involved father and a loving mother.A. sympatheticB. convictedC. concernedD. separated22. There is compelling evidence that pollution is responsible for many deadly diseases, such as cancer.A. convincingB. controversialC. consistentD. contradictory23. The advantage of the latest model will manifest itself in improved efficiency and protection of eye-sight.A. investB. concentrateC. plungeD. exhibit24. All the recommendations and advice will be considered in earnest before any action is taken.A. beforehandB. seriouslyC. unanimouslyD. enthusiastically25. Sometimes you have to take what is said online with a grain of salt, otherwise there would be too much news.A. completelyB. willinglyC. theoreticallyD. skeptically26. Industrialized countries are on the cutting-edge of the trend of globalization that is spreading worldwide.A. extreme frontB. effective qualityC. underlying forceD. fierce opponent27. The huge profit from patent rights forces many companies to develop new products on their own.A. secretlyB. independentlyC. jointlyD. readily28. In spite of his diminishing influence, this senior scientist has a say in some important issues.A. expandingB. piercingC. decreasingD. lasting29. It has been scientifically proved that man does have some inherent abilities that other species don't possess.A. geneticB. internalC. peculiarD. inborn30. The young Galileo carried on his experiments, turning a deaf ear to his father's plea.A. suspendedB. continuedC. fulfilledD. completedSection B (0.5 point each)31. Too much time has ______ since we worked on this project.A. circulatedB. elapsedC. occupiedD. detached32. The girl fresh from college finally received a job _____ she had been expecting.A. requestB. pleaC. suggestionD. offer33. However busy we are, we'll try to get back home _____ the dinner on the eve of the Lunar New Year.A. in time forB. in exchange forC. in store forD. in return for34. Some difficult choices involving life and death are simply outside the ______ of economic analysis.A. dimensionB. scaleC. domainD. space35. China's economy, which was now on the brink of collapse, was beginning to _____after the implementation of reform and opening-up.A. pay offB. take offC. leave offD. drop off36. After a month or so, she came to dislike the subject and wished she had not _____ it ____.A. put...upB. given...upC. taken...upD. made...up37. It is considered a crime to _____ an election of any kind by bribing voters.A. fabricateB. launchC. populateD. manipulate38. Visitors to this plateau are likely to have a ______ headache for the first few days.A. splittingB. slappingC. slicingD. sprawling39. The central government is intensifying efforts to popularize _____education in rural localities.A. voluntaryB. impulsiveC. instinctiveD. compulsory40. They are studying what kind of preferences might _______this surging demand for home-made TV sets.A. take a fancy toB. bring into playC. give rise toD. grow out ofPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1point each)Nobody likes taking exams; exams in your own language can be stressful enough but somehow exams in a foreign language always seem to cause more worry and anxiety. Well, the good news is that, if you 41 some simple steps, taking English language exams can be really quite 42 . It won't exactly be fun, but it certainly shouldn't give you too many headaches or sleepless nights.If you are planning to 43 one of the well-known exams such as Cambridge First Certificate, you will probably find that there's a preparation course 44 at a school near you. Check that the school has a good 45 of exam success and that the teacher is 46 . It is a good idea to ask if you will be given homework and 47 your written work will be marked by a teacher who knows the level of English 48 by the exam.If you take an exam preparation course your teacher will give you all the information you need and you will find that 49 in a class helps you to study more effectively. But you will still need to 50 in a lot of work yourself (after all, the teacher can't take the exam for you!).41. A. mind B. walk C. follow D. keep42. A. fascinating B. painless C. enjoyable D. marvelous43. A. have B. prepare C. participate D. take44. A. possible B. available C. offering D. existing45. A. management B. foundation C. expectation D. record46. A. experience B. experiencing C. experienced D. experiences47. A. how B. that C. what D. whether48. A. required B. determined C. corresponded D. accorded49. A. going B. coming C. being D. getting50. A. put B. act C. sit D. givePART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage 1There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. "A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language," says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. "Unfortunately, it's a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen."One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said "These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We're teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it's like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences."They also said "The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts." In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: "Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them."Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?51. Which of the following computer games is NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?A. Those that help people learn more about computers.B. Those that teach the features of the earth.C. Those that provide special training for writers online.D. Those that provide special training for pilots.52. According to one study, most computer and online gamesA. allow the players to take part in killing actsB. teach the players to be antisocialC. make the players forget the real life resultsD. that young people like contain violence53. What does the underlined word "dismember" in Paragraph 4 mean?A. To kick somebody out.B. To cut somebody into pieces.C. To dismiss somebody.D. To stab a knife into somebody.54. Many studies have suggested that____________.A. more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB. violence in computer games makes their players more aggressiveC. there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence55. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that____________.A. other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real lifeB. computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC. the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeD. there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real life56. The best title for the passage is___________.A. The Dark Side of Computer GamesB. Computer Games--Advantages and DisadvantagesC. The Development of Violent Computer GamesD. A Study on the Influence of Computer GamesPassage TwoThe collapse of the Earth's magnetic field---which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures--appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The field's strength has decreased by 10 or 15 per cent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet's lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity. The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties.Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world's largest effort at tracking the field's shifts.A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. "We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather," said Ganthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. "I'm personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission."No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generator. In a car's generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.57. According to the passage, the Earth's magnetic field has ____________.A. begun to change in the opposite directionB. been weakening in strength for a long timeC. caused the changes on the polaritiesD. misguided many a man and animal58. During the transition of the Earth's magnetic field _____________. A. the compass will become uselessB. man and animals will be confused as to directionsC. the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappearD. the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger59. According to the experts, the reversal of the Earth's magnetic field would ____________.A. destroy almost all the creatures on the EarthB. cause some species extinctions on the EarthC. not be as disastrous as the previous oneD. cause no big trouble for man and animals60. According to the passage,_____________.A. we should not worry about the transition of the Earth's magnetic fieldB. the Earth's magnetic field will not change for at least 2,000 yearsC. the Earth's magnetic field has decreased its strength rapidlyD. the transition of the Earth's magnetic field can be controlled by modem science61. The author says "...the public has no reason to panic" because_______________. A. the transition is still thousands of years awayB. the new transition will come 780,000 years from nowC. the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsD. the process of the transition will take a very long time to finish62. The transition of the Earth's magnetic field is possibly caused by____________.A. the flows of melted iron inside the EarthB. the periodical movement of the EarthC. the mechanical energy of the solar systemD. the force coming from outer spacePassage ThreeThe terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a stunning reminder that in today's world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger an instinctive response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the roles of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether it's a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren't limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is based upon inducing a climate of fear that is disproportionate: with the actual threat," says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. "Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violence becomes an important part of the act itself.""There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person," Bulliet tells WebMD. "The point is that it isn't what you do, but it's how it's covered that determines the effect." For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for A A.4 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening's newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group's power rather than an individual criminal act. "You don't have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It's an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized," says Bulliet. "The randomness and the ubiquity of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities."Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U.S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it's the only tactic they have available to them. "They don't have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They don't have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping," says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego."In psychological warfare, even one beheading (斩首) can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy," Haroun tells WebMD. "You haven't really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, you've achieved a lot of demoralization."63. What has changed the rules of psychological warfare?A. Terrorist attacks.B. The increase of military conflicts.C. Advances in nuclear weapons.D. Prosperity of the media.64. The goal of psychological warfare is to____________.A. change the ideology of the opponentB. win a battle without military attacksC. generate a greater sense of fearD. bring about more physical damage 65. According to Richard Bulliet, publicizing an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself because__________.A. psychological terrorism is a tacticB. terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threatC. the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threatD. publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat66. The Iranian hostage crisis shows that___________.A. means determines effectsB. hostage crises are prevalentC. psychological terrors remain harmlessD. the American media is effective67: Terrorists hold an individual as a hostage to _____________.A. scare the publicB. demonstrate their crueltyC. manipulate the government concernedD. show their group power68. In this passage the author___________.A. emphasizes the great impact of psychological warfareB. criticizes the violence of terrorismC. calls for an end to psychological warfareD. opposes the hostage crisisPassage FourIn a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall's entering classes—the first since Katrina--will be smaller than usual.In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students—who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions--to make their choices by May 1.Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications--about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard won't release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year's record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class--l,400, compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to please admitted students, often by enlisting help from alumni (校友会) around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mail, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year's level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. It's also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September "to turn away from the majority of the hurricane season," Larkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number a hurricane of on-campus programs for accepted students and hosted a community service weekend program.While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging signs of purposefulness among applicants. "A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city are saying, 'I want to be a part of the action,'" says Stieffel, noting that Loyola's transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious. "The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come," he says.69. The word "Katrina" in Para. 1 probably refers to_____________.A. a hurricaneB. an admission officialC. a universityD. a student70. It can be learned from the passage that__________.A. most colleges require students to apply and commit to their institutionsB. more students are applying to multiple institutionsC. all students are required to make their institution choices by May 1D. university trustees make decisions on enrollment.71. The following statements are all true EXCEPT_________________.A. Tulane University also saw drops in applications this yearB. Xavier University fell behind its recruitment scheduleC. applicants to Xavier university fell by about half of last year's recordD. Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions72. In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are both_________.A. freezing tuitionsB. extending application deadlinesC. hosting meetingsD. increasing scholarships73. Tulane University enjoyed an increase in applicants due to its__________.A. new enrollment policiesB. aggressive recruitment scheduleC. academic positionD. financial situation74. The passage is mainly concerned with____________.A. the drops of the applicants of universitiesB. the dilemma of the admission officialsC. the usual rules of college admissionsD. the effects of the hurricane Passage FiveA store exposure to crime does not diminish when the store is closed. On the contrary, as night falls, criminals are on the move looking for the best crime opportunity. This period of time is, in fact, critical. Owners generally rely only on the presence of physical barriers and electronic security. But they do not seem to be able to stop a determined effort by a group of professional criminals.When closed, commercial stores can be attacked in many different ways such as:Three-minute burglary. It involves attacking a glass front door or a window at night, smashing a display case, and stealing merchandise left out of safes. This type of criminals has little concern about the alarm system: They intend to be gone before any reaction is made to the alarm signal. In the United States, this type of burglary represents nearly 75% of all the burglary events in the jewelry industry.Ramming. It means driving into a store by smashing the front windows or doors. It has also been a practice used by criminals to gain access to valuable merchandise.Safecracking. It involves attacking a safe and stealing its contents. It should not be left out as a risk for store owners, but it makes up for a very small percentage of closed store crimes. This type of crime is decreasing as a result of the high security safes and alarm systems.Robbery is not frequent during closing time, but always represents a threat to store owners. Criminals may in fact decide to take them (or family members) hostage when at home and force them back to the store.To reduce the risks for a closed store crime to occur, the following reduction strategies are recommended:Safes. Time locks on safes, which allow opening only at specified times, can be considered as an added source of protection. Making use of different safes for high value merchandise can also reduce potentially heavy losses.Exterior and interior lighting. This is essential, as it remains one of the most effective weapons against burglary, theft and armed robbery. Lights should be positioned at strategic points and exterior lights should be protected against damage.Security systems. Detection and security systems are extremely important. Another interesting device is the smoke screen system. Once activated, this system, within seconds, fills a small area with a thick but harmless smoke, thus preventing criminals from seeing and forcing them to flee.75. A store exposed to crime at day time __________.A. is less likely to be attacked with the presence of physical barriers at nightB. seems to invite a group of professional criminals at nightC. creates the best crime opportunity at nightD. is more likely to be broken into at night76. Three-minute burglars do not worry much about the alarm system because____________.A. they know how to destroy the alarm systemB. they know how to stay away from the alarm systemC. they can finish their work within a short period of timeD. they have made sure that no policeman is around at that time77. Which of the following crimes is most commonly found in the jewelry industry?A. Ramming.B. Robbery.C. Safecracking.D. Three-minute burglary.78. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of reducing safecracking?A. Bigger safes.B. Alarm systems.C. High security safes.D. Time locks on safes.79. The smoke screen system is mainly used to______________.A. prevent criminals from running out of storesB. prevent criminals from opening the safesC. force the criminals to give in to the policeD. force the criminals to run out of the stores80. The passage is mainly about__________.A. a comparison of different alarm systemsB. various store crimes and strategies against themC. the relations between store locations and crime ratesD. the importance of security systems in preventing crimesPART VI WRITING ( 30 minutes, 10 points )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of "Whether to Pursue a Ph.D Degree". Your composition should be based on the following outline:1) Do you want to pursue a Ph.D degree? 2) Why or why not?。
2001年1月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题
2001年1月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题：Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A ( 1 point each)1.A The faculty members are having a party.B The faculty members have no time to study economics andmanagement.C The faculty members are very busy and have no time for the regularmeal.D The faculty members are making time to do some physicalexercises.2. A Devices used in classroom. B Music instruments.C Experimental deviceD School facilities3. A Buying a car B Car insurance C Buying car parts D Car repair4. A Buying some medicine in a drugstore.B Giving a lecture on the symptoms of common cold.C Complaining about his illness.D Discussing the scientific discoveries in medicine.5. A Seasonal sports B A plan for a vacation C Taking a test D Ways to save time.6. A A professor B An astronaut B A travel agent D An economist7. A To support her family B To shop in the regular women’s department.C To slim downD To keep herself busy8. A Someone who is in charge of huntingB A boss of a companyC A job-seeking advisorD Someone who is in charge of looking for talents for his company.9. A An investment consultant and her client.B A bank teller and her customer.C An insurance agent and her client.D A stock-holder and his trustee.Section B (1 point each)10. A They have plentiful resources.B They are very generous.C They are richer than people in other countries.D They think consuming more can stimulate the development of their economy.11. A They were afraid that other people would occupy their houses.B They could make the land richer with the ashes.C They could get their nails quicker and easier.D They liked to see the hardwoods go up in smoke.12. A American banks use expensive stationary.B American people destroy things that other people save.C Too many names of vice-presidents are listed on the bank pages.D The large English bank sent him a letter in a used envelop.13. A We are very clear about how people make friends.B Most people have about six friends.C People don’t usually rely on their new friends.D People can’t make friends if they have different backgrounds.14 A Having the same friends B Talking with the same frequency.C Being from similar social classes.D Sharing similar ideas and interests.15. A Their common ideas, beliefs, attitudes and interests.B Their shared emotions and experiences.C Their similarity at age and background.D Their economic conditions and social position.Part II. V ocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A ( 0.5 point each)16 The factory union’s grievance committee met with the authorities to protes t the workers’ firing.A personnelB investmentC salvationD complaint17. Most high school students look up to the players on the football team.A envyB respectC trustD pursue18. The first major outburst of musical creativity in the United States occurred at the end of the nineteenth century.A surgeB outcomeC performanceD breakthrough19. The ruthless teacher put Bill down for the blunder he made in his oral presentation.A asked him to sit downB dismissed him from the classC made him feel humbleD recorded his mistake20. The earthquake took a heavy toll when most of the local residents were sound asleep.A was minor in intensityB occurred suddenlyC brought about much confusionD caused a heavy loss in human lives21. Despite the smooth development of Sino-American relations, many of America’s policies aim to contain China.A condemnB includeC restrainD occupy22. Studies of feasibility have to be conducted before we embark on this gigantic project.A evaluateB inspectC terminateD start23. Many of the things which seem like fixed stars are born of fierce struggle and apparent defeat.A outsideB superficialC inevitableD incredible24. A pilot study often precedes large-scale experimentation that will last several years.A experimentalB quickC subsequentD leading25. Frequent exposure to perilous substances will lead to a gradualdeterioration of health.A hazardousB radioactiveC wastefulD artificialSection B (0.5 point each)26. I think the only ____ to have towards the business we are is -----the best is yet to come.A poseB inclinationC attitudeD instinct27. China’s Olympic gold medalists are on a lecture ____ across the country.A tripB journeyC tourD visit28. I’d like to take this opportunity to ___my heart-felt gratitude to all those present.A intendB extendC exposeD content29. Language is ___ in the sense that there is no absolute standard by which to judge the acceptability of a sentence.A traditionalB practicalC conventionalD habitual30. Unless this issue is properly ____, it will have serious implications for the future of these infants.A addressedB preservedC citedD edited31. Readers will find that a library’s collection of books usually ___ two categories: fiction and non-fiction.A falls intoB runs intoC separates intoD turns into32. President Clinton has given an advisory panel of experts just 90 days to ____proposals for government action.A come up withB let out atC put to useD bear in mind33. The footsteps of countless visitors have ____the threshold of the building.A torn downB worn outC worn awayD torn off34. Because of the important nature of the letter, it was classified as ________A sacredB outstandingC confidentialD valuable35. After a weekend of intense political ____ the three main parties agreed to work together to form a government.A speculationB specificationC separationD segregationPart III Close Test ( 10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)A recent report on population trend conducted by the 36 of the Worldwatch Institute identifies signs of slowing growth in some countries. It says populations in 32 countries ---- all in the industrialized world ---- have stabilized because of declining birthrates. But in a handful of developing countries where population is slowing, the cause isn’t something to 37 , because more people are dying.This trend is called “population fatigue”, and it’s beginning in many of the developing countries that have experienced 38 birthrates andsharp population growth for several decades. Governments in these countries are now having trouble dealing with feeding, housing and educating an increasing number of children, 39 at the same time confronting the falling water 40 , deforestation and soil erosion that rapid population growth brings. In these countries any new threat---- infectious disease, drought or famine--- can become a 41 crisis.AIDS is a case 42 . WHO estimates that one-quarter of the adult population of Zimbabwe and Botswana are infected with the AIDS virus, 43 , these countries stands to lose at least one-quarter of their labor force in the next decade from AIDS alone, a situation 44 since the yellow fever swept through Europe in the 14th century.Social unrest is also increasing in these countries. One example is the 45 conflict between the Tutsis and the Hutus in Rwanda, where population pressure reduced cropland 46 where it could no longer feed those who lived on it. Demands on the world fisheries and shared water resources are likely to spark similar conflicts. Already the waters of the Nile are so heavily used that little reaches the Mediterranean, so any increase in demand or 47 in allocation will also increase tension.The bottom line is that human population growth is 48 to slow one way or the other. Developing societies will either recognize problems 49 the horizon and act to encourage smaller families -----or unchecked births will have their 50 in rising death rates.36. A group B panel C tank D council37. A confound B console C congratulate D celebrate38. A diminishing B soaring C swerving D plunging39. A while B as C nevertheless D whereas40. A table B level C scale D index41. A full-length B full-hearted C full-time D full-blown42. A in mind B in sum C in point D in line43. A e.g. B i.e. C etc. D et al.44. A unchallenged B unparalleled C paralleled D challenged45. A longstanding B immortal C tedious D past46. A into an account B at a degree C to a point D by an extent47. A increase B inclination C share D shift48. A designed B designated C destined D defined49. A on B at C in D to50. A value B cost C pay D pricePart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage OneChristopher Sercye, 15, was playing basketball in his neighborhood when a gun fight erupted. Sercye, an innocent bystander, was shot by three teenage gang members.Fortunately for Sercyc, all of this occurred next to Ravenswood Hospital in Chicago, Illinois. At least one would think, if you were shot itwould be fortunate to be next to a hospital. But unfortunately , the Hospital emergency room workers refused to treat him as he lay breeding to death in the alley outside the hospital, saying the hospital policy forbidden them from going outside. Until 30 minutes after the shooting ,a frustrated policeman finally took him inside. Sercye died an hour later. Many people accused the hospital and their workers of violating the Good Samaritan Law.Good Samaritan Laws first came to main-stream attention after France photographers were charged in France with not coming to Princess Diana’s aid after her fatal car crash. Most European countries have Good Samaritan Laws. Minnesota, Vermont and Wisconsin are the only American states that have Good Samaritan Laws.According to experts, even when no duty is spelled out people may have common-law obligations to provide aid in emergencies.There is no group more qualified to help in an emergency such as a shooting than those in a hospital. To rely entirely on others to bring the injured to them is ridiculous when the injured are dying right outside their building.Policies need to be changed, laws need to be written and Ravenswood Hospital should to be prosecuted and made an example of so this never happens again.51. The main purpose of the author in writing this article is __________A to reveal the serious situation of school shooting in the USB to tell us the misfortune of Christopher SercyeC to tell us something about the Good Samaritan LawD to condemn the hospital workers for their misconduct52. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A The Good Samaritan laws are to punish the hospital workers for refusing to treat the injured in an emergency.B Minnesota, Vermont and Wisconsin are the only states that have the Good Samaritan Laws.C The Good Samaritan Law first came into effect in France.D The Good Samaritan Law requires a person to summon aid or help in an emergency.53. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A It is an obligation for the French photographers to rescue Princess Diana in the car crash.B The hospital and their workers have violated their state law.C Gang violence is a serious problem in Chicago.D What the hospital and their workers did was against the very nature of their purpose.54. By “spelled out” ( in paragraph 4) , the author most probably means _______A bound to by lawB shown in a written formC stated clearlyD formulated by the law makers.Passage TwoExcessive sugar has a strong mal-effect on the functioning of active organs such as the heart, kidneys and the brain. Shipwrecked sailors who ate and drank nothing but sugar for nine days surely went through some of this trauma.This incident occurred when a vessel carrying a cargo of sugar was shipwrecked in 1793. The five surviving sailors were finally rescued nine days after the accident. They were in a wasted condition due to starvation, having consumed nothing but sugar.French physiologist F. Magendie was inspired by that incident to conduct a series of experiments with animals. In the experiments, he fed dogs a diet of sugar and water. All the dogs wasted and died.The shipwrecked sailor and the French physiologi st’s experimental dogs proved the same point. As a steady diet, sugar is worse than nothing. Plain water can keep you alive for quite some time. Sugar and water can kill you. Humans (and animals) are “unable to subsist on a diet of sugar”. The dead dogs in Pro fessor Magendie’s laboratory al erted the sugar industry to the hazards of free scientific inquiry. From that day to this, the sugar industry have invested millions of dollars in behind-the-scenes, subsidized science. The best scientific names that money could buy havebeen hired, in the hope that they could one day come up with something at least pseudoscientific in the way of glad tidings about sugar.It has been proved , however, that (1) sugar is a major factor in dental decay; (2) sugar in a pers on’s diet does cause overweight; (3) removal of sugar from diets has cured symptoms of crippling, worldwide diseases such as diabetes, cancer and heart illnesses.Sir Frederick Banting noticed in 1929 that, among sugar plantation owners who ate large amounts of their refined stuff diabetes was common. Among native cane-cutters, who only got to chew the raw cane, he saw no diabetes.However, the story of the public relations attempts on the part of the sugar manufacturers began in Britain in 1808 when the Committee of West India reported to the House of Commons that a prize of twenty-five guineas (英旧币，值21先令) had been offered to anyone who could come up with the most satisfactory experiments to prove that unrefined sugar was good for feeding and fattening oxen, cows, hogs and sheep. Food for animals is often seasonal, always expensive. Sugar, by then, was dirt cheap. People weren’t eating it fast enough.Naturally, the attempt to feed livestock with sugar in England in 1808 was a disaster.55. All of the following are true about sugar EXCEPT ________A Refined sugar alone can be a diet for people to live on for a few days.B Sugar can cause diabetes, cancer and heart diseases.C Unrefined sugar was once good and very cheap if used to feed and fatten livestock.D Sugar can’t be used as a daily diet.56. Sugar manufacturers have ___________A tried hard to make experiments on their own with sugar on humans and animals.B invested millions of dollars in buying best names of scientists to sell sugar.C hoped to encounter some scientific findings about sugar.D tried hard to establish public relations in order to open the market for sugar.57. The word “trauma” ( in paragraph 1) most probably means _________A diseased conditionB dangerous situationC terrible shipwreckD excessive sugar intake58. The sugar manufacturers have invested millions of dollars in behind-the-scenes, subsidized science because they _________A began to realize the benefits of scientific experiments.B began to realize the hazards of eating sugar.C were afraid that the trade of sugar would be prohibited by the government.D hoped to find something pleasing, even in the guise of science, about sugar.59. In the last part of the passage, the sentence “Food for animals is often seasonal, always expensive” means food for animals is often _____A different and expensive in different seasons.B similar and expensive in different seasons.C seasoned and expensiveD eaten with spices and thus expensive60. We can safely conclude that _____A people in the 19th century were eager to eat sugar.B if shipwrecked sailors had drunk fresh water, things would have been even worse.C one or more scientists have been hired to cheat in regard to sugar.D scientists can do nothing without the money subsidized secretly.Passage ThreeUndoubtedly, Internet technology will change the way we live, work , communicate and do business. But beware of those (who proclaim this to be a New Era of profitability). As in the so-called New Eras of the past---- brought on by earlier technological breakthroughs--- this one carries the seeds of its own destruction. The phenomenal growth of Internet businesses is already fueling a Klondike-style gold rush, with fartoo many diggers looking for far too little gold. Economics teaches us that it is hard to become an upstart with a basically free commodity. Think of ice in the Arctic, sand in the desert, seawater in the ocean or, for that matter, the seemingly unlimited “hot air” on the Net.In the 20th century, the proliferation of cars , radios, movies, televisions, mass retailers and computers all inspired a sense that we had begun a New Era. Each breakthrough promised new riches and unprecedented industrial boom ----proved to be disastrous for most investors. But in the long run, they always failed to deliver to investors the expected rewards. Why the letdown? In part because every great innovator invariably attracted great imitators, who competed with the original and eventually depressed his “excessive” profit margin by commoditizing the invention. Furthermore, great inventions have always been followed by greater innovations, which, through the process known as creative destruction, render the previous new technology obsolete. And when inventions become vital to the economy, they are frequently brought under the control of governments via regulation, nationalization and, in extreme cases, expropriation.Take the Erie Canal, which was completed in 1825. Its success led to the great American canal boom of the 1830s. It ended just a few years later in a tremendous failure, as most of the other canals failed to make money. The Eire, too , began to suffer from competition, first fromrailroads and, eventually, from trucks. In the end, the railroad industry---which helped create an unprecedented industrial boom---proved to be disastrous for most investors. By 1895, most U.S. railroads had to be restructured.Now-familiar technologies like cars, radios , cash registers and mainframe computers were all at some point new and revolutionary. But the spread of the technologies led inevitably to the demise of their creators’ “excessive” profits, as each became just another commodity. Don’t think for a minute that the internet will be any different.61. The purpose of this passage is ______________A to pour cold water on the booming Internet industry.B to exemplify why New Eras of the past failed.C to justify the profitability of Internet business.D to explore the prosperity and decline of New Eras.62. It is implied in the passage that _____A most Internet companies are unlikely to be out of business soon.B after beating the competitors, the survived Internet companies can achieve some meaningful earnings.C the growth of the Internet businesses is too fast.D the spread of a new invention can make people live better.63. The current booming of Internet industry is compared to _____A ice in the ArcticB sand in the desertC seawater in the oceanD aKlondike-style gold rush64. All the following account for the letdowns of New Eras of the past EXCEPT ___________A the emergence of imitation after innovation.B the competition between imitation and innovation.C even greater innovation after great invention.D exclusive intervention by the government.65. The Erie Canal is mentioned in the passage because _________A its success led to the great American canal boom in the 1830s.B it ended just a few years later in a tremendous failure.C it suffered from competition from railroads and trucks.D it proved to be less profitable than its investors expected.66. The word “demise” in the last paragraph most probably means _____A profitabilityB prospersC termination C destructionPassage FourIn 1957, a Ft. Lee. NJ drive-in theater tachistoscopically flashed the words DRINK COCA COLA and EAT POPCORN for 1/3000th of a second every 5 seconds throughout the movie during a 6-week run of the film Picnic. The subliminal (下意识) message was the brainchild of NY market researcher, James Vicary, who boasted that Coke sales in the lobby increased 58% and that popcorn sales rose 18%. An avalanche ofcriticism from outraged citizens and congressmen produced more research on the subject and conflicting result have been bandied ever since. Since subliminal, tachistoscopic advertising was so severely criticized in 1958-59, the concept of subliminal learning has been hard for people to embrace. However, the experience demonstrated that people can be taught to respond positively to very brief images. Researchers have shown that negative personality traits and bad habits can be significantly altered with the use of subliminal suggestions. The human biocomputer, the brain, all too often accumulates many negative programs over a span of years. Positive subliminals can serve to replace these self-limiting, self-imposed feelings of hate, anger, depression, fear, rejection, self-doubt and other non-productive psychological reactions with new and powerful response expressions. Thus, subliminal learning offers a self-help alternative to anybody wishing to avail themselves of it. In 1983, self-improvement tapes via tachistoscopic blips were available from Stimutech Inc. to be played through a computer and into your TV. Positive suggestive cues could thereby be absorbed while watching your normal televised programming. A tachistoscopic flash at 1/100th of a second is normally subliminal, but when you are told to expect it, it becomes consciously acknowledgeable. The more unconscious your daily life pattern happens to be, the more susceptible (easily affected) you are to yielding to subliminal subtleties. If you have a mental block againstcertain behaviour, the effect on such behavior will be lessened using subliminals. If you are open and unsuspecting, the effect is greatly enhanced.67. What is the purpose of the passage?A To prevent people from accepting the concept of subliminal learning.B To persuade people to accept the concept of subliminal learning.C To show the bad advertising effect of subliminal and tachitoscopic sounds and images.D To introduce the origin of subliminal learning.68. The word “tachitoscopically” in line 1 of the passage probably means_________A very quicklyB surprisinglyC hurriedlyD radically69. What is NOT true about subliminal messages?A They are shown at an internal of 1/100th to 1/3000th of a second advertising.B They are accepted without people’s awareness.C If responded to positively, they can serve to replace negative emotions with new and powerful expressions.D There are subliminal messages on tapes for the public to absorb subconsciously through computer or TV.70. Which of the following is not stated but implied?A The more you are open and unsuspecting, the more effect ofsubliminals you can expect.B People will be more easily affected by subliminal subtleties in more unconscious daily life patterns.C Subliminals can be used to reduce the effect of a mental block.D Subliminal input can contribute to the process of self-healing.71. What conclusion can you draw from the passage?A A tachitoscopic flash at 1/100th of a second will be more effective if you are told to expect it.B It is hard for people to embrace the concept of subliminal learning.C The negative programs accumulated in the past years should have been got rid of long ago.D Subliminal messages have the potential to excite, arouse, anger or calm human behaviour.Passage FiveFor nearly a century, the house and other artificial structures of the Appalachian region have played a prominent role in its representation in books, magazines, and film. From nineteen-century magazine illustrations of single-room log cabins to twentieth-century television programs focusing on unpainted, one- or two-room company houses, the dominant image of the region has been the ruined, weather-beaten Appalachian home. Some of these presentations are authentic, some are contrived, but nearly all are selective. Interpreters of Appalachian culture havetended to focus on extremes and, as a result, have misrepresented Appalachian life. A survey of the New River Gorge area in West Virginia revealed a much more diverse landscape than has been described in the past. While project researchers did locate log cabins and abandoned coal towns, they also found considerable architectural variety. Contrary to past reports, the New River Gorge cultural landscape reflects the history of a community that designed, built, and used its buildings according to individual tastes and principles.The territory is dotted with homes whose original appearances have been altered to suit the occupant. These individually styled buildings may appear queer to the outsider, but their meanings is revealed through an understanding of the local history. Many of the homes were originally constructed by coal companies for their workers. Whole towns of box houses cheap, fast to build, and temporary were constructed at one time. Today, West Virginians commonly call box houses “Jinn Linns”. One local resident related a story concerning the origin of the term. Jenny Lynn, a coal camp resident, decided to distinguish her home from the other identical box houses in her camp by nailing narrow strips over the spaces between the vertical boards, creating the board siding now characteristic of these houses. Soon many others followed her example and eventually named the house type after her.Unlike Jenny Lynn, most coal camp residents were required tomaintain their box houses according to strict company standards. As the coal boom declined, however, companies began selling the homes to their tenants. Having obtained the freedom to maintain their homes according to their own standards, residents altered their houses or added rooms or porches, resulting in the variety of box houses visible in the region today. Others decided to leave the company camps altogether. Many purchased modern pre-manufactured houses , for example, the Lustron, an all-steel factory-made home manufactured in Ohio between 1948 and 1950. Unlike the Jinn Linn, the home was durable, easy to maintain, and strong. Innovative construction materials are also produced locally. Bluish cinder blocks, byproducts of the coal industry, have been used to construct homes, churches, gymnasiums, and barns throughout the Gorge. These and other colorful materials, including glazed tile, are often used in striking combination, and an unusual amount of care is given to decorative detail.The complex balance between formal design and personal expression is a striking feature of the New River Gorge landscape. Like the quilts made in the region, much of the architecture is pieced together from locally made and recycled materials. Materials rarely used in combination in other areas are carefully pieced together into a landscape filled with personal meaning.72. Why did the Appalachian homes make a simple and unifiedimpression on people in the past?A Because they all appeared the same in magazine illustrations.B Because the interpretations of the Appalachian culture were misleading.C Because Appalachian region has played a prominent role in its presentation of American architecture in the 19th century.D Because all of the houses were of the same style in the past.73. By saying that popular presentations of Appalachian architecture “nearly all are selective”( in paragrap h 1) the author means that they _________A present only one facet of Appalachian architecture.B focus on public buildings rather than on private homes.C show only the most attractive side of Appalachian architecture.D represent the perceptions only of the residents themselves.74. Which of the following aspects of New River Gorge houses surprised the researchers of a recent survey?A Their uniformityB Their unusually large sizeC The ease with which they were built and maintained.D Their differences in design and construction.75. Which of the following best expresses the author’s main point in telling the story of Jenny Lynn?A Residents of the coal camps modified their originally identical homes。
1999年6月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题
1999年6月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题1999年6月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题Part II. Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 point each)16. The latest manifestation of compromise was the President’s state visit to China.A developmentB indicationC impactD consequence17. The only way out for the baffled students is to choose one point of view for reasons they can’t fully explain.A boredB discouragedC perplexedD unbiased.18. She was a formidable woman, determined to speak her mind and have her own way.A irrationalB opinionatedC ceremoniousD awe-inspiring19. The discourtesy of taxi-drivers in Beijing used to draw a cry of protest.A talkativeB rudenessC diminutionD lawlessness20. The strong smell of cooking seemed topermeate the whole flat.A emitB immenseC inhabitD pervade21. A magnificent TV station was virtually destroyed in a NATO’s air strike in Kosovo.A completelyB hardlyC visuallyD almost22. Before the flames, tens of thousands of homeless people fled throughout the night.A ran awayB gatheredC turned upD disappeared.23. In the past when they looked at each other like that they felt that their souls, as it were, put their arms round each other.A as usualB so to speakC for sureD on purpose24. Delegates to the conference promised to set up a survey on Antarctica which, by virtue of its isolation, is one of the purest research environments from which to study the ozone hole.A with regard toB in accordance withC as a result ofD in addition to25. The Rachel Papers did not seem likely to appeal to a teenage readership, but the film’s poster favors a resoundingly youthful slant.A instructB interestC resort toD persuadeSection B (0.5 point each)26. All visitors to this gallery are requested to _____ with the regulations.A concedeB assentC conformD comply27. One of the problems the local authorities have to deal with is the ___of plastic containers.A disposalB dispatchC discourseD dismay28. The high ___ of road accidents on the super highway is giving cause for serious concern.A coincidenceB occurrenceC circumstanceD occasion29. In the longer term, Chinese managers who perform well can expect to take their place in the international ____A hierarchyB ultimateC hostility Dzenith30. In some cases, it is difficult to find the exact ___ of a particular word of one language in another, for example, the Chinese expression for the English word “cool”.A equalityB correspondenceC equivalentD compatibility31. It is a great shame that many children in poverty-stricken areas are ____ access to primary education.A deprivedB refusedC rejectedD denied32. The open-minded tend to view most issues from a liberal ____A perspectiveB prospectC perceptionD proposition33. Governments of many countries appreciate the Chinese ____ to hold renminbi steady despite the financial crisis.A commitmentB compromiseC complexionD compliment34. The market was able to ____ its experiences of the 1987 turmoil and many of the worstaspects were not repeated.A draw onB try onC drop onD bear on35. Sometimes the imprudence ___ some policy-makers results in heavy losses to the national interests.A in the place ofB for the sake ofC in view ofD on the part ofPart II. Close Test ( 10 minutes, 1 point each) It was an awesome moment of owners of electronic pagers last May, when 45 million of the units across North America suddenly flared and 36 . The blackout was caused not by 37 routine equipment failure but by a massive storm on the surface of the sun that shorted out an Earth-orbiting communications satellite. Such solar typhoons are not 38 , and the damage they do can be considerable. Last week NASA announced that 39 may now be possible to predict the storms and take action to limit their 40 .The most violent type of solar eruption is 41a coronal mass ejection (CME), a vast bubble of gas that bursts from the sun and releases a wave of charged particles into space. Slamming into Earth’s atmosphere, CME42 have been known to fry satellites, bathe airplanes with radiation and 43 entire cities.Recently, researchers studying satellite 44 of the sun have paid special attention to great, S-shaped twists of plasma called signoids 45 they now believe are an early 46 of CME formation. 47Find a signoid, and within a few days you’ll probably see an explosion. 48 it takes an additional four days for the solar tsunami to reach Earth, you ca n double today’s early-warning time.That time can be well used. Satellite operators who know a CME 49 front is coming can shut their systems off to prevent short-circuiting. Earth-based power grids can be temporarily, ----50 expensively---- reconfigured to provide extra grounding. Astronauts planning a space walk can stay indoors until the danger passes.36. A died B disappeared C erased D shut37. A that B some C its D all38. A common B uncommon C usually D unusually39. A what B this C itD they40. A threat B affluence C intention D impact41. relevant to B compared to C known as D combined with42. A discharges B discards C distinction D distribution43. A spread out B black out C wipe out D knock out44. A connections B communications C images D procedures45. A that B these C those D whom46. A step B moment C stage D period47. A Finding B Find C Having found D To find48. A Although B Unless C Since D No matter if49. A failure B routine C research D storm50. A if B not C whileD soPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OnePost-holiday blood shortages are nothing new to hospitals. But last week, physician James Devitt at Miami Valley Hospital saw disaster looming. For the first time ever, he called surgeons at home and urged them to postpone all non-emergency surgeries requiring large amounts of blood. By the time he was done dialing. Devitt had persuaded surgeons to reschedule at least 14 operations. Not that he was pleased by the delays. “If we don’t get someof these surgeries done soon,” Devitt says, “they could become emergencies.”Miami Valley, wasn’t alone. C onfronting a national blood shortage, physicians in Atlanta, Pittsburgh, New York, Baltimore, and Washington moved to postpone non-emergency surgeries. “We’ve never seen cancellations of surgeries like this,” says Melissa Macmillan, spokesperson for Americ a’s Blood Centers (ABC). “It’s absolutely the last resort.”The blood shortage was so grim that about half of all U.S. blood banks carried less than a one-day supply. Normally, they stockpile three days’ worth. Suppliers need the extra red cells on hand for emergencies like car accidents----one trauma patient can quickly wipe out a hospital’s entire blood supply.This month’s crippling blood drought is worse than usual because winter storms forced cancellations of blood drives in the Midwest, conside red America’s “blood basket.” Blood providers like ABC and the Red Cross count onthat region to supply the rest of the country during normal shortages. But last week, icy roads kept donors away from blood banks, while school and workplace closings forced blood-drive organizations to cancel events. Blood industry experts say the long-term outlook is ominous. Hospitals need more blood to treat an aging population, and donations aren’t keeping pace. Only 5% of those eligible donate, and even fewer people plan to give this year, according to a recent Harris Poll. The ranks of the most loyal donors, the World War II generation, are thinning. For the most part, baby boomers say they are too busy, and young people are apathetic.51 The quotation of Devitt’s re marks in Paragraph One serves to _____A prove that he was not pleased by the delays.B explain that blood shortage is not rare.C analyze the characteristics of emergencies.D emphasize the necessity of blood transfusion52. What is the subject of Paragraph Two ?A The inefficiency of most physicians.B The seriousness of the nationwide blood shortage.C The disappointment of the ABC spokesperson.D The significance of the cancellations of surgeries.53. What can we learn from Paragraph Three ?A Blood price is higher because of the blood shortage.B One patient has used up a hospital’s entire blood supply.C Red cells are usually more available than some other things.D Many suppliers are facing a marked shrinkage of blood stock.54. What is said about the Midwest?A Blood drives forced school and workplace closings.B A severe draught hit the area this month.C It is the major area for blood donation.D Donors there were organized to drive to therest of the country.55. “Baby boomers” (in Paragraph 5) most probably refer to ________A the World War II generationB the middle-aged Americans.C the aging populationD the most loyal donors56. Which of the following best describes the tone of the author?A OminousB IronicC ApatheticD WorrisomePassage TwoAmerica’s most relentless examiner, the Educational Testing Service, has developed computer software, known as R-rater, to evaluate essays on the Graduate Management Admission Test. Administered to 200,000 business school applicants each year, the GMAT includes two 30-min, essays that test takers type straight into a computer. In the past, those essays were graded on a six-point scale by tworeaders. This month, the computer will replace one of the readers ----with the proviso that a second reader will be consulted if the computer and human-reader scores differ by more than a point.It’s one thing for a machine to determine whether a bubble has been correctly filled in, but can it read outside the lines, so to speak? Well, yes and no. E-Rater “learns” what constitutes good and bad answers from a sample of pregraded essays. Using that information, it breaks the essay down to its syntax, organization and content. The software checks basics like subject-verb agreement and recognizes phrases and sentence structures that are likely to be found in high-scoring essays.Of course, the machine can’t “get” a clever turn of phrase or an unusual analogy. “If I’m unique, I might not fall under the scoring instructi ons,” concedes Frederic McHale, a vice president at the GMAT Council. On the other hand, E-Rater is mercilessly objective and nevertired halfway through a stack of essays. The upshot: in pretrial tests, E-Rater and a human reader were just as likely to agree as were two readers. “It’s not intended to judge a person’s creativity,” says Darrell Laham, co-developer of the Intelligent Essay Assessor, a computer-grading system similar to E-Rater. “It’s to give students a chance to construct a response instead o f just pointing at a bubble.” That won’t reassure traditionalists, who argue that writing simply can’t be reduced to rigid adjective plus subject plus verb formulations. “Writing is a human act, with aesthetic dimensions that computers can only begin to understand,” says David Schaafsma, professor of English education at Teachers College of Columbia University. The Kaplan course, a leader in test prep, has taken a more pragmatic approach: it has issued a list of strategies for “the age of the computerized essay.” One of its tips: use transitional phrases like “therefore,” and the computer just might think you’reDickens.57. E-Rater is described as _________A the substitute for the GMAT.B American’s most relentless examiner.C a machine to grade bubble-filling papers.D a computer-grading system.58. Until “this month”, the GMAT test takers had to ________A type their compositions straight into a computer.B have their writing graded by two human assessors .C finish two essays with a pen and paper in 30 minutes.D take pretrial tests on a six-point scale59. In Paragraph 2 the expression “read outside the lines” refers to the ability to ____A understand student essaysB reporting scores.C recognizing a wrong bubble.D judging a person’s creativity60. Frederic McHale implies that if the test takeris unique, he would ____A get a top gradeB get an averageC be in advantageD be in disadvantage61. When computers are used to grade essays, all of the following is true EXCEPT ______A nobody is rendered special kindness.B human readers are still needed.C the grading time is generally shortened.D more people would get lower scores.62. It can be inferred that Professor Schaafsma agrees with ________A traditionalistsB Darrell LahamC supporters of E-RaterD the Kaplan course designers63. To cite one of the Kaplan’s tips in the closing sentence is to show that ________A transitional phrases should not be neglected.B “therefore”is often neglected as one of the useful expression.C E-Reader may favor the widely accepted style of writing.D Dickens is one of the greatest writers in theworld.Passage Three :For a long time we have worked hard at isolating the individual family. This has increased the mobility of individuals; and by encouraging young families to break away from the older generation and the home community, we have been able to speed up the acceptance of change and the rapid spread of innovative behaviour. But at the same time we have burdened every small family with tremendous responsibilities once shared within three generations and among a large number of people----the nurturing of small children , the emergence of adolescents into adulthood, and care of the sick and disabled and the protection of the aged. What we have failed to realize is that even as we have separated the single family from the larger society, we have expected each couple to take on a range of obligations that traditionally have been shared within a familyand a wider community.So all over the world there are millions of families left alone, as it were, each in its own box--- parents faced with the specter of what may happen if either one gets sick, children fearful that their parents may end their quarrels with divorce, and empty-handed old people without any role in the life of the next generation.Then, having reduced little by little to almost nothing the relationship between families and the community, when families get into trouble because they can’t acc omplish the impossible , we turn their problems over to impersonal social agencies, which can act only in a fragmented way because they are limited to patchwork programs that often are too late to accomplish what is most needed.Individuals and families do get some kind of help, but what they learn and what those who work hard within the framework of social agencies convey, even as they try to help, is thatfamilies should be able to care for themselves. 64. According to the author, when younger families are isolated, _____A old people can easily accept the change.B people keep moving from place to place.C individuals can hardly become innovative.D economy develops at high speed.65. What is said to be the major problem facing young couples?A They need to fulfill more obligations.B They are incapable of balancing the budget.C They have their children spoiled and over-indulged.D They get empty-handed after divorce.66. We know from the second paragraph that ____A old people are less healthy than the younger generations.B divorce rate of the old people is lower than that of the young.C divorce is possible at a result of quarrels between the parents.D parents care more about the health of their children than their own.67. It is implied by the author that _____A social agencies in America can be very helpful.B the help to American families from social agencies is limited.C the government should do more to improve patchwork programs.D the fragmentary nature of the American family’s unique.Passage FourAt present rates of demand, the world has enough oil in known and economically viable reserves to last for more than 40 years, enough gas for more than 60 years and enough coal for more than 230 years. Naturally, demand will increase; but so will reserves as companies explore more widely and costs fall. Since 1970 viable reserves of oil have almost doubled while those of gas have leapt three-fold. One distantday a difficult situation will come, but as it approaches fossil-fuel prices will rise, making alternative forms of energy, perhaps including nuclear power, competitive. That is no reason to spend on nuclear right now.An oil shocks is a more worrying prospect, despite today’s low oil price and OPEC’s present inability to budge it upwards. However, even if an oil shock is a real danger, building nuclear reactors is not a good way to avert it. A higher oil price would have a relatively small effect on the supply of electricity---- the only sort of energy that nuclear power can now provide. Just over a tenth of the world’s electricity is generated from oil, and the proportion has steadily fallen since 1970. Transport, by contrast, relies almost entirely upon oil, already swallowing half the world’s oil supply and likely to take an even larger chunk in the future. If the supply of oil were cut off tomorrow, billions of people would find themselves immobile. Relatively few would bewithout electricity.Besides, there are superior, non-nuclear, ways to prepare for an oil shock. Governments could take advantage of today’s low oil prices to build up their stocks. Especially where congestion and population are serious problems, they could try to restrict the growth of car use, or promote cars which use less fuel. For governments keen to reduce electricity’s remaining dependence on oil still further, there are usually cheaper alternatives to nuclear, such as coal or hydro power.Climate change is a legitimate worry. Although still riddled with uncertainties, the science of climate change is becoming firmer: put too much carbon in the atmosphere and you might end up cooking the earth, with possibly catastrophic results. But here again, switching immediately to nuclear power is not the best response. Cutting the large subsidies that go to the world’s coal producers would help tilt the world’s energy balance towards natural gas,which gives off much less carbon dioxide. Developing countries subsidize electricity prices up to $ 120 billion a year, according to World Bank estimates. If prices reflected the true costs of generation, electricity demand would fall, thus cutting greenhouse emissions.68. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A Oil, gas and coal play an important role in energy supply.B The more reserves, the greater demand there is for energy.C There is no point in bothering about nuclear power at present.D Some other forms of energy will replace fossil fuels someday.69 In Paragraph 1, the sentence “ One distant day ……competitive.” Stresses that ___________A a shortage of fossil fuels will result in a rise of their prices.B fossil fuels may eventually give way to morecompetitive energy sources.C. facing the exhaustion of fossil fuels, nuclear power is a good alternative.D energy crisis will be too far ahead to worry about.70. Which of the following would NOT be true if an oil shock came soon?A It wouldn’t affect much of the supply of electricity.B it would have great impact on transport.C The world would be badly in need of nuclear plants.D Oil price would go upwards.71. What is NOT mentioned as a way to prepare for an oil shock?A Exploiting nuclear energy instead.B Promoting cars which consume less fuel.C Building up stocks of oil for future consumption.D Using coal or hydro power.72. What is meant by “cooking the earth”?A The earth is getting warmer as if fueled bycarbon dioxide discharges.B Owing to the change of climate, there will be less oil reserves.C The power plants emit too much smoke and fumes.D Automobile exhausts give off too much carbon.73. The word “generation” in the last sentence refers to _______A all people of about the same age in society.B all members of his type of power plants.C the period of time when production is made.D the process of producing electricity.74. What is the main idea of the passage?A To reject the idea of turning to nuclear reactors for energy.B To demonstrate that there are alternative forms of energy.C To defend oil consumption from the blame for greenhouse effect.D To warn people of the inevitable exhaustion of fossil fuels.Passage FiveNorthern marshes are being turned into empty, desecrated mud flat wastelands. The culprit? Snow geese.These marshes are the breeding ground for snow geese. Once destroyed, some fear the species will take over the habitat of the Canada goose---- a popular game bird in Minnesota. If this happens, Minnesota hunting and land conditions could be greatly affected.The snow goose population has been on the rise the last 25 years, but numbers are hitting an all-time high. This year there is an estimated 4.5 or 6 million birds, triple what the population was 25 years ago.Although effects of the snow goose invasion aren’t apparent in Minn eapolis, northern Minnesota and Canada can clearly see the signs. The population growth is due to the birds’ wintering habits. They fly south to Louisiana, Texas and Mississippi to nest. The conditionsand food availability had made it so more birds survive the winter and the trip back north. The period over which they’ve increased correlates to a change in agriculture practices.After World War II, there was an increase in man-made fertilizers, yielding an increase of corn, rice, wheat and other crops. There have also been other changes in agricultural practices causing an increase of production in cereal crops.The geese find the agricultural areas better than the natural areas. The geese have escaped from any natural limits. They are not doing this on their own; it is in response to human practices.Usually, about 70 to 75 percent of the birds make it back to Canada in late winter and early spring. But the surviving number of snow geese has steadily climbed each year to reach 95 percent in the last couple of years. Because so many survive, they strip the capacity of the breeding ground.The snow geese are destroying salt marshes where they nest in the summer, about 30 percent of the salt marshes are completely destroyed, leaving them as inhabitable mud flats. Another 35 percent of salt marshes are significantly damaged.There are three possible solutions: Let the problem take care of itself and wait for the population to crash, deal directly with the population by changing hunting limits and regulations or address the cause of the problem in the south.75. According to the author, if the marshes are devastated, _______A the snow geese will be in danger.B the agriculture of the area will suffer.C the Canada geese will replace the snow geese.D snow geese may move to nest in Minnesota.76. The snow geese population ____A was about 3 million 25 years ago.B was 4.5 million 10 years ago.C reaches its highest point in history.D willkeep growing within 25 years.77. The sharp rise of the snow geese population is mainly caused by _______A a lack of natural enemies.B a great care of wildlife preservationists.C favorite conditions in their winter habitat.D changes in agricultural practices in the north.78. It is implied in the passage that _________A the use of man-made fertilizers should be limited.B the number of snow geese will eventually drop if no actions are taken.C people should do something to extend the birds’ breeding area.D the surviving rate of snow geese can be controlled back to 70%.79. Which of the following is one of the solutions proposed by the author?A To regulate new laws on hunting to check the growth of snow geese.B To exterminate snow geese on a large scaleby hunting them as a game.C To alter the balance by hunting more of the Canada geese.D To make snow geese nest in the south and never trip back north.80. Which of the following statements best summarizes the passage?A More snow geese tend to stay south for the summer.B Human practices of agriculture have damaged salt marshes.C Snow geese will exhaust the northern marshes.D We should make a prompt action to preserve rare birds.。
2000年1月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题.docx
200()年1月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题Part IL Vocabulary (10 minutes，10 points)Section A ( 0.5 point each)16.Johnson^s exterior concealed a miserly and deceiving nature・A personalityB appearanceC disinterestD temper17.The authorities have failed to react fast enough to popular discorHenl but told citizens that they will try their best to improve the living conditions.A disadvantageB disagreementC disbeliefD dissatisfaction18.They urged the authorities to make an account for the manner in which their affairs are being conducted ・A calculateB forgiveC explainD demonstrate19.The delegation of negotiation had been told to make a concession to their counterpart.A apologyB compromiseC substitutionD permission20.A two-year sting operation last week yielded charges of 58 American Airlines baggage handlers and food contract workers, as well as three law enforcement officials・A gave rise toB appealed toC gave upD fulfilled in21.After the crash, the rescue workers worked feverishly to clean up the debris and tried very hard to find survivors •A ruinsB trashC facilitiesD refuse22・ They feared that slashing public spending and squeezing pensions would damage the "fundamental Social Democratic values^ of social justice and equality.A blaming forcefullyB attacking fiercelyC reducing steeplyD encouraging blindly23.No one knew what to do when he had tried in vain to get himself across.A arrivedB successfulC finishedD understood・24.The government also expects that the new residential quarters will greatly facilitate the management of migrant workers・A offer a chance forB make easyC make possible forD strongly support to25• America and North Korea reached an agreement that halted North Koreans production of the radioactive element-一plutonium一- with a view eventually to smashing its capacity to make the stuff.A destroyingB demobilizingC assemblingD diminishingSection B (0.5 point each)26.Federal sentencing guidelines, in place for only two years, were _______ because they were believed to have tied the hands of judges in federal drug cases・A tossed offB tossed asideC tossed upD tossed for27.There is a popular view that the great scientific breakthroughs occur by______ a little bit like someone looking down a test tube and saying “AhatA inspectionB perceptionC legislationD inspiration28.President Boris Yeltsin's fitful rule is seen to be ever more designed to serve the interests of people ___A at a lossB at a strokeC at largeD at hand.29.At that time leukemia was almost inevitably ___ , but today, more than half of the people withleukemia get a cure・A lethalB poisonousC awesomeD terrific30.More than half of all of the American prisoners are nonviolent offenders ——usually small-time drug dealers who need help with their own _______A addictionB drunkenness B persecution D convention31.The city is famous for its atmospheric ___ of lofty towers and landscape.A clapsB clatterC clusterD clamp32.Even the undone building had been decorated-™ a lot of color bulbs and ribbons were put on the __ beam.A transitionalB transverseC trifledD tumbled33.In the newspaper they denounced the government for its ___ s pending of public funds.A recklessB reluctantC reciprocalD redundant34.He ___ all control over the company to his elder son after he got seriously ill.A left overB snatched atC scrubbed outD lingered on35.Some dictionaries are ___ • They tell us how words ought to be used.A descriptiveB prescriptiveC intensiveD creativePart IIL Close Test （ 10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each）Twenty years ago, when only the lowly tadpole had been cloned, ethicists raised the possibility that scientists might some day 36 the technology to include human beings as well. They wanted the issue discussed. But scientists assailed （攻击）the moralists' concern as 37 . Let the research go forward, the scientists argued, 38 cloning human beings would serve no 39 scientific purpose・ Now the cloning of humans is 40 reach, and society as a whole is caught with its 41 pants down.Today the sheep——tomorrow the shepherd? 42 the cloning of human beings can be ethically 43 is now firmly, perhaps permanently, 44 the nation^ moral agenda. President Clinton has given an advisory 45 of experts just 90 days to come 46 with proposals for government action・The government could prohibit the cloning of human beings 47 issue regulations limiting what researchers can do. But the government can't control the actions of individuals or private groups 48 to clone humans for whatever purpose・ And science has a way of outdistancing （把。
北京市研究生英语统考试题
2008年1月Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A (1 Point each)1. A. His paper has been published with the help of his adviser.B. His paper has won an award with the help of his adviser.C. His paper has been revised by his adviser.D. His paper has got the approval from his adviser.2. A. Tom is terribly ill. B. Tom is in low spirits.C. Tom is bad-tempered.D. Tom is nervous at the moment3. A. He saw his boss in person for the first time.B. He is now complaining in a different way.C. He has made his boss change his attitude.D. He has changed his opinion of his boss.4. A. He was not fond of the concert.B. He didn't like the tea offered at the concert.C. He left early to have some tea with somebody else.D. He doesn't want to tell the woman why he was not there.5. A. He always looks down upon others.B. He always lowers the value of others.C. He always judges people by their appearanceD. He is always reluctant to take newcomers.6. A. She is always stupid.B. She is always concentrated.C. She is always careless.D. She is always absent-minded.7. A. She wants to leave a way out.B. She doesn't trust her boss.C. She wants to repay her boss.D. She wants to stay with her boss as long as possible8. A. She should let her daughter decide.B. She should choose what the teacher is interested in.C. She should make the same choice as the other parents.D. She should choose what she is interested in.9. A. She felt very cold because of the weather.B. She was frightened by the scene.C. She sent the two boys to the hospital.D. She went to help the injured immediately.Mini-talk one 10. A. He went mountain climbing.B. He went camping.C. He went to a party:D. He went to a concert.11. A. He was lost in the forest.B. He was caught in a natural disaster.C. He was woken up in the middle of the night.D. He burned his dinner.12. A. Because it was too noisy.B. Because he wanted to join the party.C. Because he was too tired.D. Because he turned on some music.Mini-talk Two13. A. They may be overweight.B. They may earn less money.C. The may suffer from serious diseases.D. They may have lasting damage in their brain.14. A. Improving children's nutrition in their country.B. Providing their people with cleaner conditions.C. Improving health care for their people.D. Providing their people with better education.15. A. Preschool period. B. Teenage period.C. Between birth and 15 years old.D. Between pregnancy and two years old.Section C (1 point each)16. "Facebook" and "MySpace" are some of the most popular blog sites for_______________.17. Blogs offer young people a place to show their writings and ______________.18. Personal information puts teenagers at risk of being sought out by dangerous people who ______.19. When teenagers include information on their blogs that can be seen as a threat to others they can ___________________.20. Parents are advised to read their children's blogs to make sure they are not giving out__________.PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit strike for better wages.A. subjectivelyB. imaginablyC. positivelyD. practically22. In spite of the taxing business schedule, he managed to take some time off for exercise.A. imposingB. demandingC. compulsoryD. temporary23. The court held the parents accountable for the minor child's acts of violence.A. responsible forB. indifferent toC. desperate forD. involved in24.The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships.A. in units ofB. with reference toC. in aspects ofD. on condition of25. "There is a weird power in a spoken word," Joseph Conrad once said.A. mightyB. prospectiveC. oddD. formidable26. Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community's health.A. destructionB. contributionC. chargeD. origin27. This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town.A. hospitalityB. affection C: appeal D. frustration28. If you become reconciled to your lot, you will never get a new start in life.A. submissiveB. resistantC. tolerableD. committed29. The little girl felt increasingly uneasy while waiting for her mother at the bus-stop.A. difficultB. excitedC. relievedD. restless30. A high official is likely to win respect and trust if he can stick to his principles.A. turn toB. add toC. keep toD. lead toSection B (0.5 point each)31. To achieve sustainable development, the of resources is assuming new importance.A. conservationB. reservationC. exhaustionD. devastation32. The sale of alcoholic beverages is ________ to those above 21 in some regions.A. confinedB. inhibitedC. obligedD. restricted33. The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developedcountries_______.A. bothB. eitherC. alikeD. apart34. Before the 1980s, the idea of health insurance was quite _______ to those living in the mainland of China.A. overseasB. abroadC. foreignD. offshore35. The government is expected to make new legislations to ______ foreign investment in real estate.A. manipulateB. regulateC. dominateD. prevail36. Despite the suspect's ________to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved.A. convictionB. assertionC. accusationD. speculation37. For many countries, being part of a global supply chain is like striking oil -- oil that may never ____.A. run outB. work outC. turn outD. call out38. Having been an office secretary for some years, she always _______chores in a responsible way.A. goes onB. goes forC. goes withoutD. goes about39. Without clear guidelines ______, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss about what to do.A. in orderB. in placeC. in needD. in trouble40. The age of other trees is variously estimated as ______ from two hundred to eight hundred years.A. changingB. differingC. varyingD. rangingPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to (41) even from the high educational institutions.In the US, according to a 2005 survey by the College Board, (42) at state universities rose by an average of 7.1 percent annually, after a year when inflation grew much less. At private schools it was up 5.9 percent. The survey which (43) more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases. It did say that the price of goods and services at universities have risen rapidly. Some of the fastest growth has been in employee health (44), and professional salaries.Living expenses on campus have also (45). At the university of Southern California student dining hall, a buffet meal cost $5.50 in 2004. But now it's $9. The US government often provides (46) assistance to students' lunch in primary and high schools, but these favorable policies usually don't (47) universities.Some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants (48) campus.To compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses, the federal and state governments (49) universities and private sources have provided (50) for students. Of all the full time undergraduates about 62 percent have a grant covering 30-50 percent of their tuition, according to the College Board.41. A. stay away B. stand out C. step down D. set off42. A. fares B. payment C. charges D. tuition43. A. attended B. covered C. included D. composed44. A. welfares B. advantages C. benefits D. goods45. A. rolled up B. gone up C. sat up D. taken up46. A. management B. economic C. policy D. financial47. A. apply to B. suit for C. adjust to D. gear for48. A. in B. to C. off D. over49. A. as well as B. the same as C. as far as D. such as50. A. grasps B. grains C. grounds D. grantsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage OneDid your mum and dad go to university, or did they leave school and go straight to the Job Centre? The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how today's students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation, according to The Future-track research in the UK.The research was done by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit. It plans to follow university applicants for six years from 2006 through their early careers.The first year's findings come from a study of 130,000 university applicants. They show significant differences in prospective students' approach to higher education, depending on whether their parents got degrees (second-generation applicants) or didn't (first-generation applicants).First-generation applicants were more likely to say that their career and employment prospects were uppermost in their minds in deciding to go to university. About one-fifth of this group gave "to enable me to get a good job" as their main reason for choosing HE. And 37 percent said that a degree was "part of my career plan".A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses.At Portsmouth University, first-year student Kim Burnett, 19, says that she specifically chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, 20, studying medicine at Manchester University, also wanted job security. Her parents lacked college degrees, though the fact that her uncle is a doctor appears to have influenced her choice."Medicine is one of those fields where it's pretty likely you'll get a job at the end. That's a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening," she says. Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly. The fact that 26 percent of respondents said that they needed more advice implies that some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile.For those with graduate parents, this lack of guidance may, the researchers suggest, be less of a problem. " But, for those without the advantages, lack of access to career guidance before applying for higher education leaves them exposed to making poorer choices," the survey concludes.51. The main idea of the passage is that_________.A. parents' experiences are more important for their children's educationB. parents' careers are vitally important for their children's degreesC. students' approach to higher education correlates with their parents' educational experienceD. students' career and employment prospects are decided by their parents52. "HE" in the 4th paragraph probably refers to __________.A. health educationB. higher employmentC. Harriet EdgeD. higher education53. A young person coming from a non-professional household ____________.A. is less likely to get financial aid to go to universityB. is more likely to choose vocational educationC. may think learning for pleasure is a good ideaD. may choose to study for a professional degree54. In which of the following aspects do Kim Burnett and Harriet Edge have in common?A. They both chose their majors because of their family influence.B. They are both the first-year students in university.C. Both of their parents lack college degrees.D. Both of them chose degrees for job security.55. It is implied that ____________.A. the cost of a degree in medicine is very highB. higher education investment in medicine is not worthwhileC. a student without family medical tradition is less likely tochoose medicineD. medicine is a field where every degree-holder can get a job56.Those with graduate parents may _________.A. make poorer choices when choosing their majorsB. make better choices when applying for higher educationC. not need career guidance before graduationD. have no problems in applying for a collegePassage TwoLast month, the public address system at Earl's Court subway station in London was ordered to get the noise down. Passengers, it seems, had had enough of being told the blindingly obvious: "Stand back or the train will run you over." "Don't lean on the doors." "Stand back from the opening doors." "Do this." "Don't do that."Bossiness is not just aural. It is also written. As a commuter, I'm continually bombarded by notices on car walls. "Please take your feet off the seat." "Please turn down your personal stereo." And when I drive past the local primary, a sign flashes: "School. Slow down!"The presumption behind these signs is that Britons must have everything spelled out because we are tow, uncivilized people who were raised by wolves.Britain didn't use to be so bossy. When I was a boy, for instance, the local cinema put a warning on screen before we settled down to watch. "Don't," it said, "make noises." In those days, long before mobile phones, it was the only bossiness we saw in the cinema. Since then, bossiness has become more commonplace. Television, that strongest guide to public morals and lifestyles in this country, is alive with dominant people. On screen, we see health experts holding some poor woman's breasts and demanding that she get in shape. Cooking programs tell us not to think of leaving toast crumbs on the kitchen table.There is no point in blaming TV for this new bossiness. We want to be bossed. We have behaved badly and now we yearn to feel the whip to correct us. On July 1, smoking will be banned in public places in England. My local government told churches in the area last week that no-smoking posters must be prominently displayed by church entrances.I love this: the governments are bossing people to make them more bossy. They are insisting that priests tell their congregations (教区的教民) what to do.My local government isn't the only source of bossiness. I find it everywhere. But the rise in bossiness does not seem to have been accompanied by a rise in socially well-adjusted behavior. In fact, the opposite. Perhaps this is because, if you feel as though you are treated with contempt, you will respond with the same.57. The case at Earl's Court subway station shows that _________.A. it is very noisy in public placesB. it is necessary to warn the passengers of their safetyC. people have realized the importance of public orderD. people have been tired of being bossed58. It is presumed that bossiness is everywhere because Britons__________.A. need to be bossed to behave themselvesB. want to be reminded of how to behave wellC. must have everything spelled outD. are raised in uncivilized society59. It is suggested in the passage that____________.A. now Britons behave much better than they did in the pastB. in the past Britons behaved much better than they do nowC. the dominant people on screen should be blamed for the new bossinessD. television has misguided the public morals and lifestyles in Britain 60. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Television should play a role in enhancing public morals.B. The local government has got involved in the church activities.C. The governments want to make themselves more authoritative by bossing people.D. The rise in bossiness has helped the improvement of people's behavior.61. The author writes this passage in a _________.A. funny toneB. criticizing toneC. friendly toneD. radical tone62. What is the appropriate title of this passage?A. British People Have Had Enough Bossiness AroundB. British People Want to Be BossedC. Bossiness in Great Britain: Its Past and PresentD. Bossiness in Great Britain Should Be IgnoredPassage ThreeIt began as just another research project, in this case to examine the effects of various drugs on patients with a severe mood disorder. Using an advanced brain scanning technology--the clumsily named echo-planar magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (磁共振光谱成像) procedure, or EP-MRSI--researchers at Boston's McLean Hospital scanned the medicated and un-medicated brains of 30 people with bipolar disorder in order to detect possible new treatments for the more than 2 million American adults who suffer from the disease.But something unexpected happened. A patient who had been so depressed that she could barely speak became ebullient after the 45-minute brain scan. Then a second patient, who seemed incapable of even a smile, emerged actually telling jokes. Then another and another. Was this some coincidence? Aimee Parow, the technician who made these observations didn't think so. She mentioned the patients' striking mood shifts to her boss and together they completely refocused the study: to see if the electromagnetic fields might actually have a curative effect on depressive mood.As it turns out, they did. As reported last month in the American Journal of Psychiatry, 23 of the 30 people who were part of the study reported feeling significantly less depressed after the scan. The most dramatic improvements were among those who were taking no medication. The researchers are cautious. Says Bruce Cohen, McLean's president and psychiatrist in chief: “I want to emphasize that we are not saying this is the answer but this is a completely different approach in trying to help the brain than anything that was done before."It's a completely different approach because of the way the magnetism is applied to the brain. But it's an example of new research on an old idea: that the brain is an electromagnetic organ and that brain disorders might result from disorder in magnetic function. The idea has huge appeal to psychiatrists and patients alike, since for many people the side effects of psychiatric (精神的) drugs are almost as difficult to manage as the disease itself. And 30 percent of the nearly 18.8 million people who suffer from depression do not respond to any of the antidepressants available now. People with other severe mental disorders might benefit as well. And while no one fully understands exactly why or how the brain responds as it does to electrical currents and magnetic waves, fascinating new research is offering some possible explanations.63. The first paragraph describes a project aimed at finding ____________.A. who has bipolar disorderB. what improves people's moodsC. whether magnetic scanning is a treatmentD. how some patients respond to some drugs64. What does the passage say about bipolar disorder?A.It mainly affects males.B. It may cause drug addiction.C. It is a mental problem.D. It is hard to detect.65. The word "ebullient" in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by________.A. considerateB. quietC. excitedD. sorrowful 66. The researchers' attitude toward the new finding can be described as_________.A. confusedB. amusedC. carefulD. skeptical67. The new finding is significant because it shows that electromagnetic fields mayA. treat mental disordersB. cause mental disordersC. increase the effectiveness of some drugsD. reduce the effectiveness of some drugs68. The passage mainly_________.A. reports a discoveryB. challenges a discoveryC. explains the problems with a discoveryD. describes the background of a discoveryPassage FourMy kids tell me that I am "so 20th century", which troubles me. A person likes to feel that he is "with it", as we used to say in the 20th century.So I have been thinking how I might change myself into a true 21st-century man. Clearly, in my advanced state of age I would be foolish to attempt some wild leap into the contemporary fashion. And anyway, my distinctive taste attracts much favourable comment.But if my clothing is too characteristic to change, perhaps I should do something about my lifestyle. So last week I took myself to the NEC for the Smart Home Show which is "the exhibition dedicated to all the latest trends in smart home technology".It was a shock. How could I have lived for half a century without a fingerprint-operated front door? ("Never lock yourself out of your home again!") Or vacuum cleaners that suck dust straight into a dustbin, via a system of pipes in your house walls? (All you have to do is rebuild your entire home.) Or automatic garden sprinklers which are so smart that they turn themselves off when it starts to rain? Of course, you could just look out of the window, observe that it's raining and turn them off yourself, but that would be so 20th century.Besides, those were just the simpler things. For the true smart-home owner, a plasma (等离子) TV fireplace is a must. Atfirst glance it's just an electric fire with a mantelpiece，but press your remote and a giant TV screen rises from the mantelpiece. "Thieves won't even know it's there," a spokesman claimed. Just as well. At £5,280，it would be a pity to have it broken. But the real revolution has happened in the bathroom. Never again need you feel cut off from world events as you go about your washing. Forget the mirrors that turn into TV screens. They're old hat. The buzz in bathrooms now is all about heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.Enough! I was convinced: I want a smart home. There's only one problem: The cost. You are looking at £18,000 to £25,000 for an average home. Hmm. I won't be entering the 21st century just yet, then.69. To be "21st century", the author decided to___________.A. move to a new houseB. change the way he livedC. improve his dressing styleD. talk in the most trendy fashion70. The author's comment on the vacuum cleaner implies that___________.A. he believed that it was uselessB. he wanted to purchase one himselfC. he hated to cause inconvenienceD. he thought that it was not worth the effort71. What is the most revolutionary smart home technology according to the author?A. The plasma TV fireplace.B. The automatic garden sprinkler.C. Mirrors that turn into TV screens.D. Heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.72. The Smart Home Show__________.A. seemed too good to be trueB. was a true eye-opener for the authorC. left a negative impression on the authorD. appealed less to the middle- and old-aged73. What does the author think of buying the smart home products?A. He was interested, but found them too expensive.B. He was fascinated, and determined to buy them.C. He wasn't attracted, and wouldn't buy them.D. He wasn't sure, so he would rather wait and see.74. Which of the following words could best describe the author's tone?A. Overstated.B. Objective.C. Ironic.D. Passionate.Passage FiveNever before has flying been so controversial. In the space of two years, the environmental damage done by planes has gone from being something quietly discussed by scientists and committed environmentalists, to a headline-grabbing issue no one can ignore.Even those who fly once or twice a year on holiday can't help but feel a growing sense of guilt, while those opting for trips by car, train or ferry have a self-righteous spring in their steps.Now, however, the backlash is beginning. The tourism and aviation industries are mobilizing, and pointing out some awkward facts. Did you know that some ferries emit far more carbon dioxide than some planes'? That driving can release twice as much carbon as flying? A new report from Balpa, the pilot's union, even claims that planes can be better than train.While there are the campaigners who plot their camp at Heathrow to protest the air travel, in Kenya plans are being drawn up for a very different camp. Looking out from a cliff over the deserts of Samburuland is a stunning hotel, the O1 Malo Eco-Lodge. Revenue from the small number of visiting tourists has allowed the 5,000 acres around it to be transformed from over-grazed cattle ranch to a conservation site. More impressive still is the O1 Malo eye project. Up to 80 per cent of adults in the area suffer sight loss, so the O1 Malo Trust runs regular surgical camps, bringing doctors from the UK to treat them. In January, the camp gave 102 people back their sight. "It's very simple--all of our visitors fly here," said Julia Francombe, the founder. "If they stopped coming, it would kill us."One thing on which all sides agree is that aviation is booming, so it becomes crucial to develop new and less polluting aircraft. Airbus's claim that it can save the world with the A380 may be far-fetched, but its "gentle giant" plane is far more efficient and quieter than those of 20 years ago.Some environmentalists, however, scorn these advances, saying such measures are a "delusion." "The aviation industry is likely to vastly overstate the gains that can be made from technological improvements but sadly a climate friendly plane isn't on the horizon," says Emily Armistead of Greenpeace.So the question is: who do you believe?75. Pollution caused by planes used to _____________.A. be heatedly debated in the scientific communityB. be a controversial issue no one could ignoreC. draw little attention among the general publicD. divert people's attention from more important issues76. Compared with people who fly, those who choose cars ortrains for travel_________.A. feel equally guilty of causing environmental damagesB. seem to care more about the environment than about timeC. believe that they are doing the right thing for the environmentD. are more troubled by the latest facts on environmental pollution77. The camps in Kenya are mentioned to_________.A. demonstrate the necessity of flyingB. emphasize the problems of flyingC. persuade people to turn to flyingD. present the two sides of flying78. Emily Armistead suggests that the aviation industry___________.A. has not made great efforts to develop environmentally friendly planesB. cannot come up with environmentally friendly planes in the near futureC. should not use environmentally friendly planes to solve their problemsD. will not save the world even with environmentally friendly planes79. What is the author's position on air travel?A. Air travel should be avoided if possible.B. Air travel is not as problematic as people believe.C. It is too early to say that air travel has caused damages.D. It is hard to decide whether we should continue air travel80. The best title for the passage is “___________”.A. Should We Stop Flying?B. When Can We Stop Flying?C. What Will Happen If We Stop Flying?D. Will Stopping Flying Make a Difference?PART VI WRITING ( 30 minutes, 10 points )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of "Should outsiders be allowed to study in university classrooms?" Your composition should be based on the information given below: Nowadays many universities ban outsiders to study in their classrooms. They send security personnel to guard each entrance to the classroom buildings. Only students and teachers may enter. Do you think universities should allow outsiders to study in their classrooms? Give at least two reasons to support your ideas.2007年6月最后一页C. students should retain their faith even after facing some difficultiesD. students should be educated on how to care more about the patients78. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedback?A. Confused.B. Indifferent.C. Reluctant.D. Enthusiastic.79. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical studentsA. will remain for a long timeB. will disappear in the near futureC. should not be exaggeratedD. cannot be solved successfully80. The passage focuses on_____________.A. the development of teaching hospitals' hierarchiesB. the different roles in teaching hospitals' hierarchiesC. the future reforms on teaching hospitals' hierarchiesD. the problems caused by teaching hospitals' hierarchiesPART VI WRITING (30 minutes，10 points)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “Publish or Perish”Your composition should be based on the information given below：Many universities require each graduate student to have at least one paper published before getting the master's degree．They say this is a good way to evaluate the graduate students．What do you think about this?。
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北京市研究生英语统考试题2007-62007年6月Part I Listening Comprehension (25minutes, 20points)Section A (1Point each)1. A. He doesn't like classic music.B. He feels sorry to decline the offerC. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn't got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage. B. At the restaurant.C. At the supermarket.D. At the office.3. A. Tony doesn't always listen.B. Tony has hearing problems.C. It's unusual that Tony missed the interviewD. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier.B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable.5. A. A doctor. B. An operator,C. A nurse.D. A dentist.6. A. $0.35 B. $3.50 C. $3.05 D. $30.57. A. He had something wrong with his watch.B. He thought the meeting was for a different day.C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared.D. He was not paying attention to the time.8. A. He didn't attend Professor Smith's class last time.B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.C. The woman should pose a more serious question.D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend.9. A. The woman does not drink beer.B. It was not the woman's coat.C. The woman just had her coat cleaned.D. The woman is not angry with the man. Section B ( 1 point each)10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at homeB. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college.11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools. B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from homeC. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills.12. A. A variety of honeybee.B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor SocietyD. A national top competition.13. A. Importance of biodiversity.B. Protection of wild species.C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat.B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato15. A. They can harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support lifeB. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls.D. They hardly survive different conditions. Section C ( 1 point each)Lecture Topic: Getting a good night’s sleep16. There are several ___________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t want to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to help get a g ood night’s sleep:17.1)__________________________________________ _18.2)__________________________________________ _19.3)__________________________________________ _20.4)__________________________________________ _PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university. " 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing". Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 "Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordancewithB. in line withC. in charge ofD. in response to43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparkling PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaustfumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities. 52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street leveltransportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause healthproblemsC. air pollution on an underground train is lesspoisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better thantaking the bus56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB. subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into______. A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph2) probably means “__________”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion 65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because_____.A. they like keeping their money in the bankB. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC. they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD. spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB. it is better to save some money for the futureC. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD. how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up.Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.Overall, Dr Bala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional 1.3ْC temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause 1.6ْC of cooling. A treeless world would thus be 0.3ْC cooler than otherwise.No one, of course, would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, Dr Bala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down led mostly to local cooling. The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmed the world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business: £60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from £20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach £300m.69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. Dr Bala's Integrated Climate and CarbonModel____________.A. supports the findings of other climate modelsB. is based on the results of other climate modelsC. uses a system different from other climate modelsD. challenges the basic theory of other climate models 71. Based on Dr Bala's model, a treeless worldwould__________.A. cause serious environmental problemsB. prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature72. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________. A. Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?B. Why Green Trees Might Not Be Green?C. How to Help Green Trees Survive?D. How to Go Green with Green Trees?Passage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.A. is useful to the people on the lower layerB. is built on a performance-reward systemC. is a barrier to the exchange of medical viewsD. is an effective way of teaching medical students76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A. students should learn to speak both kindly and professionallyB. students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patients最后一页在2008年1月。