最新北京市研究生英语统考试题-6
北京市研究生英语统考试题-6word版本
北京市研究生英语统考试题2007-62007年6月Part I Listening Comprehension (25minutes, 20points)Section A (1Point each)1. A. He doesn't like classic music.B. He feels sorry to decline the offerC. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn't got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage. B. At the restaurant.C. At the supermarket.D. At the office.3. A. Tony doesn't always listen.B. Tony has hearing problems.C. It's unusual that Tony missed the interviewD. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier.B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable.5. A. A doctor. B. An operator,C. A nurse.D. A dentist.6. A. $0.35 B. $3.50 C. $3.05 D. $30.57. A. He had something wrong with his watch.B. He thought the meeting was for a different day.C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared.D. He was not paying attention to the time.8. A. He didn't attend Professor Smith's class last time.B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.C. The woman should pose a more serious question.D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend.9. A. The woman does not drink beer.B. It was not the woman's coat.C. The woman just had her coat cleaned.D. The woman is not angry with the man. Section B ( 1 point each)10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at homeB. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college.11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools. B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from homeC. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills.12. A. A variety of honeybee.B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor SocietyD. A national top competition.13. A. Importance of biodiversity.B. Protection of wild species.C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat.B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato15. A. They can harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support lifeB. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls.D. They hardly survive different conditions. Section C ( 1 point each)Lecture Topic: Getting a good night’s sleep16. There are several ___________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t want to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to help get a g ood night’s sleep:17.1)__________________________________________ _18.2)__________________________________________ _19.3)__________________________________________ _20.4)__________________________________________ _PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university. " 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing". Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 "Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordancewithB. in line withC. in charge ofD. in response to43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparkling PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaustfumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities. 52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street leveltransportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause healthproblemsC. air pollution on an underground train is lesspoisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better thantaking the bus56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB. subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into______. A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph2) probably means “__________”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion 65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because_____.A. they like keeping their money in the bankB. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC. they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD. spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB. it is better to save some money for the futureC. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD. how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up.Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.Overall, Dr Bala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional 1.3ْC temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause 1.6ْC of cooling. A treeless world would thus be 0.3ْC cooler than otherwise.No one, of course, would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, Dr Bala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down led mostly to local cooling. The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmed the world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business: £60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from £20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach £300m.69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. Dr Bala's Integrated Climate and CarbonModel____________.A. supports the findings of other climate modelsB. is based on the results of other climate modelsC. uses a system different from other climate modelsD. challenges the basic theory of other climate models 71. Based on Dr Bala's model, a treeless worldwould__________.A. cause serious environmental problemsB. prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature72. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________. A. Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?B. Why Green Trees Might Not Be Green?C. How to Help Green Trees Survive?D. How to Go Green with Green Trees?Passage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.A. is useful to the people on the lower layerB. is built on a performance-reward systemC. is a barrier to the exchange of medical viewsD. is an effective way of teaching medical students76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A. students should learn to speak both kindly and professionallyB. students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patients最后一页在2008年1月。
北京地区研究生学位英语真题附标准试题及解析
北京地区研究生学位英语真题附标准试题及解析一、阅读理解阅读下列短文和问题，根据短文内容，从问题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项。
Passage 1Laptops are common possessions among college students. However, their usage in the classroom is not always effective. A growing number of studentsare typing their notes on laptops instead of writing them down. Researchers have found that taking notes on laptops in class leads to lower academic performance compared to writing notes on paper.A recent study conducted by a psychologist at Princeton University showed that students who type their notes do worse on tests regarding the information discussed in class as compared to students who handwrite their notes. This could be explained by the fact that typing notes encouragesstudents to focus on transcribing what they hear, rather than understanding the information and writing it down in their own words. On the other hand, students who take notes on paper have to process the information and summarize it in a way that allows them to take notes quickly and efficiently.Moreover, the use of laptops in class is inherently distracting. Students can easily get sidetracked by social media sites or unrelated browsing. This leads to a decrease in focus and attention in class, which in turn can affect their academicperformance.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Typing notes on laptops in class is more efficient than writing them by hand.B. Laptops are distracting in the classroom and can lead to lower academic performance.C. Princeton University conducted a recent study on the use of laptops in class.D. The use of laptops is becoming more and more common among collegestudents.答案：B2. Why do students who type their notes often perform worse on tests?A. They are too focused on transcribing what they hear.B. They are too distracted by unrelated browsing on the internet.C. They have trouble processing information quickly and efficiently.D. They are not able to write down information in their own words.答案：A3. What is the author's opinion on the use of laptops in the classroom?A. Laptops should be banned from classrooms.B. Students should be allowed to have laptops in the classroom, but with restrictions.C. Laptops are useful tools in the classroom, as long as they are used properly.D. The use of laptops in the classroomhas no effect on academic performance.答案：B二、翻译请将以下英文翻译成中文：1. The company's HR policies need to be updated to reflect changes in the industry.2. The recruitment process is time-consuming and requires a lot of resources.答案：1. 公司的人力资源政策需要更新以反映行业的变化。
6月研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案
Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A (1 point each)1. A. To work in his place.B. To ask his boss for leave.C. To meet his friend at the airport.D. To cover his absence from his boss.2. A. He doesn't want to go to the show, as he is not interested in it.B. He is not free to go to the fashion show with the woman.C. He cannot go with the woman, as he has a pile of paperwork to do.D. He cannot go with the woman, as he has to finish his paper.3. A. He has been mad.B. He has been pretty busy.C. He was at a meeting.D. He was with a business partner.4. A. A salesman.B. A bank teller.C. A policeman.D. A postman.5. A. She hasn't been in touch with Sam for weeks.B. She has been looking for Sam for weeks.C. Sam has been hunting for weeks.D. Sam has been out of work for weeks.6. A. She won't tell anyone else about the file.B. She will wrap the file very carefully.C. She is confident about the file.D. She will keep the file in a safe.7. A. He was very careful about what he said.B. He said something that he shouldn't have said.C. He didn't understand what the woman wanted him to do.D. He talked too much to the woman.8. A. He has had an accident.B. He has run out of gas.C. His car has been broken~D, He has arrived home.9. A. It is to reduce the cost of building.B. The location is more convenient.C. People like to live in high buildings.D. People can have a better view in high buildings.Section BMini-talk One10. A. Britain has been punished for exporting rubbish to China.B. Britain is dumping its wastes to China in the name of recycling.C. China should set up new environmental standards.D. China should acknowledge the costs of the environmental damage.11. A. 20,000.B. 50,000.C. 200,000.D. 500,000.12. A. They don't have any environmental standards to follow.B. They are doing the recycling in backyards.C. Their employees have been poisoned.D. They cause more pollution to the environment.Mini-talk Two13. A. He is a doctor.B. He is a music star.C. He is a drug dealer.D. He is a spokesman.14. A. He was recovering from cancer.B. He was going to receive an operation.C. He was expected to quit from the group.D. He was involved in a scandal.15. A. Most of its members abuse drugs.B. Most of its members are from the countryside.C. The group has been in trouble since 1963.D. The group has been full of scandals.Section C16. Where did the French Government legalize the use of mobile phone blocking devices?17. The blocking device can prevent people from receiving and making mobile telephone calls within _________ of the device.18. By changing the law the government expects to make cinemas ____________.19. While blocking telephone signals in cinemas and theaters the blocking device might affect signals on ____________.20. Before it was legalized, the use of blocking devices was punishable with a fine of 20,660 pounds or ________________.Part II VocabularySection A (0.5 point each)21. An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advancedstudents.A. ideaB. changeC. matterD. policy22. This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has beenpropagated.A. extendedB. terminatedC. speculatedD. restricted23. The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off.A. was releasedB. proved satisfactoryC. failed completelyD. won awards24. Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt.A. gravitationB. fascinationC. seriousnessD. incurability25. When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age.A. utilizeB. handleC. masterD. dominate26. These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A. amount toB. conform toC. contribute toD. attach to27. The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug.A. most poisonousB. most likelyC. most famousD. most desirable28. This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A. win the favor ofB. find good jobs forC. assume the responsibility forD. accept the challenge of29. The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned.A. collapsedB. disappearedC. perishedD. scattered30. Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly.A. for benefitsB. by luckC. for everD. at handSection B (0.5 point each)31. This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not takenseriously.A. episodeB. epidemicC. equivalentD. eruption32. With a wide variety of fresh fruit ____available, canned fruit is no longer so popular as before.A. willinglyB. appropriatelyC. confidentlyD. readily33. The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____ that events could take oncethe coalition troops are withdrawn.A. processB. lineC. wayD. course34. Decades of ______ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad.A. insulationB. irrigationC. integrationD. isolation35. There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains _____ through suicide.A. by and largeB. once for allC. heart and soulD. on the whole36. The country once threatened to ____ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was toofriendly to the rebels.A. show off:B. keep offC. break offD. call off37. In English learning, a _____circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.A. viciousB. vigorousC. verticalD. voluntary38. Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow _____ by the sun on the slate.A. thrownB. flungC. castD. tossed39. Competition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare_______ with other local districts.A. significantlyB. favorablyC. dramaticallyD. superficially40. If you don't know how to _____ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be anightmare.A. take hold ofB. get rid ofC. let go ofD. make fun ofPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, I point each)There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere--from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 41 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can't 42 demand,”said inventor Mitch Altman of San Francisco, U.S. “I didn't know there were so many people who wanted to turn TVs off.”Hundreds of orders for Altman's US$14.99 TV-B-Gone device poured in last week. The tiny remote control device had been 43 in Wired magazine and other online-media outlets. 44 , the unexpected attention overloaded the website of his company, Cornfield Electronics, and caused it to 45.The keychain device works like a 46 remote control--but it only turns TVs on or off. With a push of the button, it goes through a 47 of about 200 infrared (红外线的) codes that control the power of about 1,000 television models. Altman said the majority of TVs should 48 within 17 seconds. It takes a little more than a minute for the device to 49 all the trigger codes.The 47-year-old Altman got the idea for TV-B-Gone a decade ago. He was out with friends at a restaurant and they found themselves all 50 by the TV, but no one was around to turn it off.41. A. expects B. expectation C. expecting D. expected42. A. give in to B. hold on to C. keep up with D. make up for43. A. announced B. acknowledged C. admitted D. applied44. A. At the same time B. At times C. On time D. Behind time45. A. clash B. crush C. crash D. cruise46. A. universal B. commonplace C. mean D. medium47. A. flock B. string C. school D. fleet48. A. repel B. repeat C. reproach D. react49. A. submit B. permit C. emit D. omit50. A. haunted B. bothered C. interrupted D. hinderedPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneTies have no practical use at all and most men see them as part of a uniform instead of an independent piece of clothing. But, these small strips of cloth should not be underestimated, fashion experts say.The shirt, suit or jacket are neutral means of expression. But, the tie gives you the final personal touch, experts suggest.In fact, its color also has psychological importance. "Red, for instance, evokes feelings of warmth and intimacy", according to Axel Venn. He's a professor of design at the University of Applied Sciences and Art in Germany. "It also stands for energy, dynamism and strength."Using shades of color requires understanding and sensitivity. Orange is regarded as a lively color. Blue stands for matter-of-fact, solitude and coolness. Shiny yellow stirs amusement. Green is the color of nature and harmony.It's only when the color fits the personal character that it is viewed as authentic."A lively orange with a black suit and white shirt can look great at a private party or in an artistic environment," Venn says. "In a conservative environment such as in a bank such dress is unsuitable".Imme Vogelsang, a trainer of etiquette in Hamburg, Germany, recommends in business environment low contrasting colors such as wine red, dark green or dark blue.But feminine colors have also become popular. "Light green and a fine rose color play an increasing role. Such colors express innovation and sensitivity," Venn says.Also, patterns that stand out can be an interesting eye catcher in a private environment but are unsuitable in business."Stripes and small geometric patterns are more appropriate in business," Vogelsang says, "but stripes should never run vertically or horizontally."With diagonal stripes it is important to look at the direction. They should run from the bottom left to the fight top. "This symbolizes dynamism. In the opposite direction it shows fear and escapist thoughts."51. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Ties--Impractical Pieces of ClothingB. Psychological Importance of TiesC. What The Colors of Ties MeanD. The Colors of Ties and the Occasions to Wear Them52. According to the passage, ties are more important ___________.A. than shirts, suits or jacketsB. in colors than in patternsC. in expressing one's mood than shirtsD. in business than on private occasions53. What color of tie should one wear, if he wants to appear energetic?A. Green.B. Orange.C. Shiny yellow.D. Red.54. The best color for the tie of a judge in a court should be _________.A. light green.B. lively orangeC. fine roseD. dark blue55. What kind of ties is more suitable on an important business occasion?A. Ties without stripes and geometric patterns.B. Ties with swipes of vertical or horizontal patterns.C. Ties of no bright colors and obvious patterns.D. Plain ties without any swipes and patterns.56. It is implied in the passage that ______.A. ties with stripes from the bottom left to the right top are not popularB. ties with stripes from the bottom right to the left top are not popularC. ties with stripes of vertical or horizontal patterns are popularD. ties of feminine colors are out of fashion nowadaysPassage TwoAnimals are more like us than we ever imagined. They feel pain, they experience stress, and they show affection, excitement and love. All these findings have been made by scientists in recent years--and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.Strangely enough, this research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald's and KFC. Pressured by animal rights groups, these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals.McDonald's, for instance, funded studies on pig behaviors at Purdue University, Indiana. This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other. If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill. Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2012. In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting.Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans.Koko, the 300-pound gorilla (大猩猩) at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language. Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language. On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95. Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom. Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness. Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: "If you believe in evolution, how can't you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?"Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity. But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case. In fact, learning is passed from parents to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this, should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians. Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights.57. The author feels it strange that the research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald's and KFC probably because these companies ____________.A. are the largest fast food chains in the worldB. have little to do with animalsC. consume a large amount of meat each dayD. are notorious for their ill-treatment to animals58. The experiment with Koko shows ____________.A. gorillas' IQ scores are as high as human beings'B. animals are much cleverer than we used to believeC. parent animals can pass learning to their offspring intentionallyD. some gorillas are smarter than many humans59. Which of the following is NOT true according to the studies?A. Some animals have developed language skills.B. Some animals can show their feelings.C. Animals enjoy playing with each other.D. Animals become indifferent when one of them dies.60. By citing the question “If you believe in evolution, how can't you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?” the author means _________.A. human feelings can trace their origin back to animalsB. animal's feelings are as developed as human beings'C. from the point of view of evolution animals should have no feelingsD. we cannot believe that animals have feelings that human beings have61. The studies urge us to __________.A. stop killing animals for foodB. ban hunting and animal testingC. close zoos and animal farmsD. change our ways to treat animals62. The purpose of this passage is to tell us that ________.A. animals are much smarter than we ever imaginedB. animal rights should be taught in schoolsC. we should show greater respect to animalsD. animal rights should be protected worldwidePassage ThreeIn a recent Sunday school class in a church in the Northeast, a group of eight-to ten-year-olds were in a deep discussion with their two teachers. When asked to choose which of ten stated possibilities they most feared happening their response was unanimous. All the children most dreaded a divorce between their parents.Later, as the teachers, a man and a woman in their late thirties, reflected on the lesson, they both agreed they'd been shocked at the response. When they were the same age as their students, they said, the possibility of their parents' being, divorced never entered their heads. Yet in just one generation, children seemed to feel much less security in their family ties.Nor is the experience of these two Sunday school teachers an isolated one. Psychiatrists revealed in one recent newspaper investigation that the fears of children definitely do change in different periods; and in recent times, divorce has become one of the most frequently mentioned anxieties. In one case, for example, a four-year-old insisted that his father rather than his mother walk him to nursery school each day. The reason? He said many of his friends had “no daddy living at home, and I'm scared that will happen to me.”In line with such reports, our opinion leaders expressed great concern about the present and future status of the American family. In the poll 33 percent of the responses listed decline in family structure, divorce, and other family-oriented concerns, as one of the five major problems facing the nation today. And 26 percent of the responses included such family difficulties as one of the five major problems for the United. States in the next decade.One common concern expressed about the rise in divorces and decline in stability of the family is that the family unit has traditionally been a key factor in transmitting stable cultural and moral values from generation to generation. Various studies have shown that educational and religious institutions often can have only a limited impact on children without strong family support.63. It is mentioned that in a Sunday school class the children _________.A. deeply impressed their teachersB. had an argument with their teachersC. feared answering their teachers' questionD. gave the same response to their teachers' question64. The two teachers in the Sunday school felt _________.A. responsible for tightening school securityB. no fear of the divorce of their students' parentsC. no threat of broken family ties when they were ten-year-oldsD. shocked at the divorce rates of their students' parents65. The author uses a four-year-old as an example to ________.A. show the anxiety of today's childrenB. emphasize the importance of family tiesC. indicate the seriousness of psychological problemsD. reveal the change of children's attitude toward divorce66. It is stated that one third of the American population _________.A. consider family-oriented concerns to be a big problemB. are worried about the future of the United StatesC. believe the social situation is getting worseD. are facing family difficulties67. Family has been regarded as a major carrier of _________.A. religious beliefsB. various customsC. social traditionsD. cultural and moral values68. It is implied in the passage that __________.A. Sunday school teachers are different from public school teachersB. family has stronger impact on children than other social institutionsC. in a decade family-oriented concerns will be the same as they are nowD. parents' divorce has long been children's biggest fearPassage FourMusicians are fascinated with the possibility that music may be found in nature; it makes our own desire for art seem all the more essential. Over the past few years no less a bold musical explorer than Peter Gabriel has been getting involved. At the Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, he has been making music together with Kanzi, one of the bonobo apes (倭黑猩猩involved in the long-term language acquisition studies of Sue and Duane Savage-Rumbaugh.I have seen the video of Kanzi picking notes out on a piano-like keyboard, with Gabriel and members of his band playing inside the observation booth in the lab. (They did it this way because Kanzi had bitten one of his trainers a few days previously--interspecies communication is not without its dangers.) The scene is beautiful, the ape trying out the new machine and looking thoughtfully pleased with what comes out. He appears to be listening, playing the right notes. It is tentative but moving, the animal groping for something from the human world but remaining isolated from the rest of the band. It is a touching encounter, and a bold move for a musician whose tune Shock the Monkey many years ago openly condemned the horrors of less sensitive animal experiments than this.What is the scientific value of such a jam session? The business of the Research Center is the forging of greater communication between human and animal. Why not try the fertile and mysterious ground of music in addition to the more testable arena of simple language? The advantage of hearing music in nature and trying to reach out to nature through music is that, though we don't fully understand it, we can easily have access to it. We don't need to explain its workings to be touched by it. Two musicians who don't speak the same language can play together, and we can appreciate the music from human cultures far from our own.Music needs no explanation, but it clearly expresses something deep and important, something humans cannot live without. Finding music in the sounds of birds, whales and other animals makes the farther frontiers of nature seem that much closer to us.69. It can be learned from the passage that Peter Gabriel __________.A. is a bold expert on animal behaviorB. wants to find more about natural musicC. is working on animal's language abilityD. specializes in human-animal cooperation70. Kanzi was arranged to stay in a separate place ________.A. to prevent him from attacking the human playersB. so that he would not be disturbed by othersC. because he needed a large room to move aroundD. after he had destroyed the others' musical instruments71. Kanzi the ape __________.A. was annoyed by the music-playing activityB. demonstrated no unusual talent for musicC. became more obedient when playing musicD. seemed content with what he was producing72. Which of the following words can best describe the advantage of music?A. Controllable.B. Explainable.C. Accessible.D. Testable.73. The writer seems to suggest that ___________.A. music should replace language as the major arena of animal researchB. animal experiments are more often than not cruel and inhumanC. great progress has been made in the field of interspecies communicationD. the experiment with music may help scientific research on animals74. The best title for the passage is ___________.A. Music - The Essence of NatureB. Music - A Better Way to Enjoy NatureC. Music - A New Frontier for ScientistsD. Music - Beyond National and Cultural BoundaryPassage FiveFaith in medicine runs deep in America. We spend more per person on health care than any other nation. Whether we eat too much or exercise too little, whether we're turning gray or feeling blue, we look to some pill or procedure to make us better.We assume that devoting ever more dollars to medicine will bring us longer, healthier lives. But there is mounting evidence that each new dollar we devote to the current health care system brings small and diminishing returns to public health. Today the United States spends more than $4,500 per person per year on health care. Costa Rica spends less than $300. Yet life expectancy at birth is nearly identical in both countries.Despite the highly publicized "longevity revolution," life expectancy among the elderly in the United States is hardly improving. Yes, we" are an aging society, but primarily because of falling birthrates. Younger Americans, meanwhile, are far more likely to be disabled than they were 20 years ago. Most affected are people in their thirties, whose disability rates increased by nearly 130 percent, due primarily to overweight.Why has our huge investment in health care left us so unhealthy? Partly it is because so many promised "miracle cures," from Interferon to gene therapies, have proven to be ineffective or even dangerous. Partly it's because health care dollars are so concentrated on the terminally ill and the very old that even when medical interventions "work," the gains to average life expectancy are small. And partly it is because of medical errors and adverse reaction to prescription drugs, which cause more deaths than motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer or AIDS. Each year roughly 200,000 seniors suffer fatal or life-threatening "adverse drug events" due to improper drug use or drug interaction.Why don't Americans live any longer than Costa Ricans? Overwhelmingly, it's because of differences in behavior. Americans exercise less, eat more, drive more, smoke more, and lead more socially isolated lives. Even at its best, modem medicine can do little to promote productive aging, because by the time most people come in contact with it their bodies are already compromised by stress, indulgent habits, environmental dangers and injuries.75. Americans in general believe that __________.A. more money spent on health care may not result in better healthB. health problems caused by bad habits can hardly be solved by medicineC. higher birthrate can better solve the problem of aging society than medicineD. medicine may provide an effective cure for various health problems76. Compared with the Americans, Costa Ricans _________.A. have a healthier way of lifeB. enjoy a longer life expectancyC. are more dependent on medicineD. are less concerned about their health77. The biggest problem affecting the health of younger Americans may be summarized as the problem of __________.A. overworkB. lifestyleC. stressD. depression78. Which of the following is NOT a reason why health care investment fails to bring a longer life?A. Imbalanced distribution of health care money.B. Failure of many highly-evaluated medical treatments.C. Soaring prices of both drugs and new therapies.D. Drug reaction due to improper use of drugs.79. It is implied in the last paragraph that _________.A. medicine should be taken timely before it is too lateB. poor health conditions leave little room for medicine to workC. great efforts should be made to develop new types of medicineD. it is reasonable to question the effectiveness of medicine80. The passage is mainly focused on __________.A. the limits of medicineB. the life hazards in the U.S.C. the barriers to a longer lifeD. the problems with health investmentPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)This book derives from decades of teaching in various schools across the country. It is based on the belief that philosophy is a genuinely exciting subject, accessible not only to specialists and a few gifted undergraduate majors but to everyone. Everyone is a philosopher, whether enrolled in a philosophical course or not. The difference is that someone who has studied philosophy systematically has the advantage of having encountered stronger and more varied arguments than might have been available otherwise. What is special about this book is that it offers introductory students the opportunity of having direct contact with substantial readings from significant books on philosophy, but without the unreasonable demand that they confront these books in full, which are often incomprehensible.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)人人都有追求幸福的权利，但对幸福的定义却因人而异。
北京市研究生英语分级考试题
北京市研究生英语分级考试题GENERAI ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS(GETJAN0811)考试注意事项一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一(Paper One)包括听力理解、词汇、完形填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二(Paper Two)包括翻译与写作两部分，共3题。
二、试卷一(题号1-80)为客观评分题(听力Section C部分除外)，答案一律用2B铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如[A][B][C][D]。
三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET II上。
答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项。
四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号(听力Section C部分除外)，答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。
五、本考试全部时间为150分钟，采用试卷一与试卷二分卷计时的办法。
试卷一考试时间为90分钟，听力理解部分以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部分共计时65分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
试卷二共计时60分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
六、试卷一与试卷二采取分别收卷的办法。
每次终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考教师收点试卷及答题纸。
全部考试结束后，须待监考教师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本考试结束，方可离开考场。
PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(2s minutes，20points) Section A(1point each)Directions：In this section,you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers．At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said．The conversations and the questions will be read ONLY ONCE．Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．1．A．Go shopping．B．Go car racing．C．Go to work．D．Go on a trip．2．A．Because she hasn?t been on line lately．B．Because she has too much work to do．C．Because she is on a vacation．D．Because she has been busy typing．3．A．Go to an emergency exit．B．Enjoy herself in the park．C．Move her van right away．D．Try to find the road sign．4．A．A secretary．B．A salesperson．C．A tennis player．D．A receptionist．5．A．She deserves the promotion．B．She has to transfer to another job site．C．She?ll pay for the dinner this time．D．She?11invite her parents over for a celebration．6．A．She should drop the biochemistry class．B．She should try harder．C．He prefers to learn rocket science．D．He can?t understand it either．7．A．She totally dislikes it．B．She prefers the old one．C．It may lack practical value．D．It is much better than expected．8．A．7：00．B．7：30．C．9：00．D．9：30．9．A．She was told about the trip beforehand．B．She was helped to pick up the beans．C．She was so excited that she revealed the news．D．She was not enthusiastic about the trip．Section B(1point each)Directions：In this section you will hear two mini-talks．At the end of each talk．there will be some questions．Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once．After each question，there will be a pause．During the pause,you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer Sheet．Mini-talk One10．A．High expectations．B．Excellence and value．C．Terror and violence．D．Strength and power．11．A．Attend a sleepover．B．Play a piece of music．C．Watch TV．D．Be in a school play．12．A．Her parenting methods are limited to Chinese families．B．She brought up her daughters with an extreme parenting method．C．Her daughters were given enough time to follow their own interests．D．She had low expectations of her children?s abilities．Mini-talk Twol3．A．650million dollars．B．560million dollars．C．40million dollars．D．50million dollars．14．A．Saint Paul．B．Chapel of Love．C．The Nickelodeon Universe．D．Underwater Adventures．15．A．Tasting the delicious food．B．Getting married．C．Visiting a campus．D．Seeing ocean animals．Section C(1point each)Directions：In this section you will hear a short lecture．Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture．You will hear the recording twice．Afterthe recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet．You now have25seconds to read the notes below．(请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上) 16．The first tip on how to reduce your test stress is to use a little stress_______(3words)．17．Good study _______(3words)are important to learning effectively and doing well on tests．18．If you find yourself thinking negative thoughts，replace them with________(2 words)．19．Everyone makes mistakes．Learning to tolerate small________(3words)is a valuable skill．20．Taking care of your health can help keep your mind________(4 words)．PARTⅡVOCABULARY(10minutes，10points)Section A(0．5point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section．Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined．Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A．B．C and D．Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one．Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．21．There used to be many guys who asserted themselves asall-powerful Chi Kung masters in China．A．conformed B．informed C．affirmed D．performed 22．Children from an obscure family have to make greater efforts to climb the social ladder．A．unknown B．prominent C．controversial D．rural23．A permanent job plus a decent salary is what most of these young guys in China hope for．A．noble B．adequate C．modest D．polite24．These transit workers went on strike in defiance of the relevant union policy．A．in line with B．in return for C．in response to D．in spite of25．This retired scientist takes on leadership roles with nearly every organization she is part of．A．assumes B．opposes C．pretends D．desires26．Winslow Homer captured the look and spirit of American life with unparalleled eloquence．A．incredible B．inevitable C．unmatched D．unnoticed27．Many parents encounter occasions when theft child doesn?t turn in their home work assignments．A．participate in B．hand in C．engage in D．invest in 28．The two elements of success that are intimately connected are creativity and innovation．A．familiarly B．approximately C．loosely D．closely29．Jonathan Alter once said that admission of guilt tends to breed publicsympathy．A．produce B．conceal C．evade D．combat30．Seawater near the Fukushima plant is showing e1evated1evels of radioactivity in Japan．A．stabilized B．reduced C．increased D．saturatedSection B(0.5point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section．Each question is a sentence with something missing．Below each sentence four words or phrases marked A．B,C and D．Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence．Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet 31．The full impact of the recent tsunami caused by an earthquake in Japan is________to predict A．unlikely B．impossible C．unable D．incapable32．A simple blood test may help identify those_______ high risk of dying from heart disease．A．in B．on C．at D．for33．Although US new home sales begin to_______speed,the rate is still near historical lows．A．turn up B．pick up C．set up D．break up34．It was already dark________I got up from my seat andprepared to leave my office．A．by the time B．since the time C．until the time D．during the time35．Health care providers wish to improve their_______through regular continuing education．A．equivalence B．competence C．relevance D．prevalence36．Auto makers should never________the quality of products amid fierce competition．A．bring into play B．make sense of C．1ose sight of D．end up with37．Mayor Pat Patterson said this new initiative_______improving parking and pedestrian access．A．involves B．evolves C．dissolves D．resolves 38．Many of the foreign friends of the Chinese are________ at the radical changes in China．A．dismayed B．amazed C．startled D．shocked39．these researchers intend to_______this research until there is some substantial finding．A．insist on B．call on C．1ive on D．carry on40．Men and women of all ages can benefit from________ amounts of daily physical exercise．A.considerate B．desperate C．moderate D．1iterate PART III CLOZE TEST(10minutes，10points，1point each) Directions：There are10questions in this part of thetest．Read the passage through．Then,go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A．B．C．or D for each blank in the passage．Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine—scoring Answer Sheet．What relationship is regarded as good for partners?There is no universal，ideal model41which a relationship can be evaluated．A“good relationship”is one that works for both partners and effectively supports them in achieving their goals．If this is not working at some point，it does not42mean that the couple requires therapy．All relationships tend to encounter problems during43periods and at different stages，and many couples have a good ability44their difficulties without professional help. However,some may find that they are continually unhappy with their relationship．Sometimes one partner feels frustrated and misunderstood45his or her mate is totally unaware of the situation．If the couple are unable to resolve issues in a46that is acceptable to both partners，professional help should be considered.Many couples only consider therapy as a last 47.It may,however,be helpful at any time.48，seekingtherapy soon after things get“stuck”prevents a49of frustration and disappointment.The aim of couple therapy is not only to help the couple deal appropriately with immediate problems,but also to achieve better ways of relating50.41．A．to B．against C．for D．at42．A．certainly B．definitely C．necessarily D．fundamentally43．A．fictional B．peaceful C．eventual D．stressful44．A．of solving B．to solving C．in solving D．to solve45．A．while B．so C．unless D．where 46．A．respect B．manner C．method D．view47．A．resort B．creature C．meal D．beginning48．A．On the contrary B．On one hand C．For example D．First of all49．A．1aptop B．jetlag C．takeoff D．buildup50．A．in detail B．in general C．in vain D．in forcePART IV READING COMPREHENSION(45minutes，30points，1 point each)Directions：In this part of the test,there are five short passages．Read each passage carefully,and then do the questions that follow．Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．Passage OneRemember Farid Seif?Mr.Seif is the Houston Iranian—American businessman who mistakenly carried a Glock handgun through security,onto a plane，all the way from Houston to Indianapolis．When he got to his destination and realized his mistake，he alerted security officials. There was reportedly“nothing else"in Mr Seif's carry-on besides the weapon．Yet the security screeners at George Bush International，America?s eighth-busiest airport，missed it entirely．The scariest part of that story was that Transportation Security Administration officials told reporters that this type of incident was“not uncommon.”Now another Texas airport，Dallas-Fort Worth，is proving the point．This week,a high·level TSA source told the local NBC affiliate that……An undercover TSA agent was able to get through security at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport with a handgun during testing of the enhanced-imaging body scanners.”The TSA insider who blew the whistle on the test also said that none of the TSA agents who failed to spot the gun on the scanned image were disciplined．The source said the agents continue to work the body scanners today．This is not confidence-inspiring．If TSA screeners can?t even stop guns getting through security,why are they taking away our bottled water?Incidents like this only lend incentives to TSA critics who say the whole airport security apparatus is all enormous waste of time and money．The TSA's attitude towards the reporting of these sorts of messes isn?t helpful，either．They only provided NBC with a brief statement claiming that they don?t reveal the results of secret testing for……security reasons??and arguing that……advanced imaging technology is an effective tool to detect both metallic and nonmetallic items hidden on passengers.”That?s prettymuch the public affairs equivalent of sticking their fingers in their ears and saying……lalalalala we can?t hear you!??It is really hard to have an accountable TSA without greater transparency about the results of secret testing．Instead of leaking hints to the press that failure rates have decreased since the last public reports，the TSA should back up its whispering with actual data．If it won?t，some enterprising congressional committee shouldorder it.“Trust us that this works”just isn?t cutting it anymore.51．Mr．Seif?s handgun________A．passed the check at the Houston airportB．caused big trouble for himself in HoustonC．was tracked down by officials in Indianapolis D．triggered a series of false alarms in Indianapolis 52．What happened at Dallas-Fort Worth_______ A．helped rebuild public confidenceB．was merely an unusual accidentC．caused greater concern over securityD．resulted in unexpected disorder53．After the Dallas—Fort Worth report，TSA_______ A．reluctantly punished the relevant agentsB．allowed the relevant agents to stay in position C．enhanced security check at relevant airports D．began to reconsider relevant security methods 54．The TSA's statement concerning the reported cases shows that they are_______A．practical B．uncooperative C．reliable D．unpredictable55．What is the author?s demand for TSA?A．No more secret testing．B．Promising to be responsible．C．Rapid response to emergency．D．Releasing results with evidence．56.The last sentence of the passage suggest that the author?s attitude to the TSA is_______A．appreciative B．critical C．tolerant D．indifferent Passage TwoOnce upon a time，staying a healthy weight was easy.To lose weight you simply had to practise the reverse of home economics—spend more than you earned.Unfortunately for many,but perhaps not surprisingly,accounts,it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.To stay a healthy weight，you need a hormone called leptin to work properly.It sends“I?m full”messages from the fat cells up to the brain,where they go,among other places, to the same pleasure centers that respond to drugs like cocaine．Obese people produce plenty of leptin，but the brain doesn?t seem to respond to it st year researchers at the Oregon Research Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuits were underactive．They were eating more to tryto get the enjoyment they were missing．There?s a lot of evidence for the fact that most，if not all，of us have a set point around whichour weight can vary by about seven to nine kilos，but anything beyond that is a real struggle．Making changes is hard,particularly if your body is working against you．So why not ditch the traditional approaches and try some new methods，based on the latest research，that work with your body rather than against it．Several years ago researchers at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore reported that when they gave rats very little food one day and allowed them to eat plenty the next,they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet．The same goes for humans，according to Dr James Johnson．How does it work?Besides forcing the body to burn fat，it may also trigger hormonal changes．Most people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to，but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis．Older dieters may remember something called brown fat．Unlike the undesirable white stuff；this was a dieter?s dream.Instead of storing excess energy as fat,brown—fat tissue burned it off to keep you warm-at least in mice．Brown fat fell out of favor because researchers couldn?t find much in humans but now,thanks to the New England journal of Medicine，it's back in fashion．The idea is to expose people to cold temperatures．They then make more brown fat and their weight drops．57．The last sentence in Paragraph l means that people?s understanding of losing weight______A．seems rather unreasonable B．is unnecessarily complicatedC．used to be limited D．can be partly justified58.According to the findings of the Oregon Research Institute,________A．overweight people get less pleasure from eating the same amountB．overweight people enjoy eating more than the others do C．people will become overweight if they eat more than they needD．people are more likely to be overweight if they produce less leptin59．The method used by the National Institute on Aging can be summarized as“_______”A．no diet at all B．diet on a daily basisC．diet every other day D．diet permanently60．The word“grinding”in the Paragraph5is closest in meaning to_______A．effective B．realistic C．unreliable D．miserable 61．It can be learned that brown fat________ A．converts excess energy into fatB．works better in warm temperaturesC．burns extra energy to produce heatD．accumulates easily in human bodies62．The author?s purpose in writing is to_______ A．compare the various ways of cutting calories B．recommend new methods of losing weightC．point out the misconceptions of losing weight D．clarify the common myth about weight lossPassage ThreeA study by Dr David Lewis from The University of Sussex，who coined the term“road rage”．found that motorists face a hidden mental health impact from the stresses of driving．whilebus travel can produce long-term health benefits．For the experiment，the heart rate and EDR(Electro-Dermal Response)of30commuters was measured when taking similarjourneys by car and bus.The findings reveal a vast difference in EDR,a form of biophysical measurement that indicates mental stress.The EDR results suggested that taking the Car produced significantly more stress than taking the bus，which was33％less stressful“EDR can be a hidden stress—i t?s not as visible as intensely nervous driving or audible as road rage.This type of stress can have long-term physiological and emotional implications,”said Dr Lewis,who finds three key factors that increase the stresses of driving a car．Driving in heavy traffic—especially against a deadline —requires a high level of attention.This requires the brain to work especially hard processing a myriad of incoming information and making,often split-second, decisions.Congestion and delays can raise blood pressure and physical tension which may manifest itself as“road rage”, having serious long-term health consequences and causing drivers sometimes to take reckless and foolish decisions．Driving in congested traffic now outweighs any previous benefits car-driving once gave．A sense of frustration of“wasting one?s life”behind thewheel of the car,unable to do anything more productive than casual conversations or listening to the radio.On a bus it is possible to fill the time more profitably by doing some work or reading.He also notes that highly trained,professional bus drivers are skilled in negotiating the challenges of the road,and the relief of trusting someone else to be in charge of the journey is a key part of what makes taking the bus less stressful．He encourages people to get out of their cars and on to the bus for trips where it makes sense—such as shopping in town or heading to a restaurant—so that you don?t need to battle traffic or find parking．Switching simple journeys can help achieve the goal of taking a billion car journeys off the road．All it will take is everyone shifting around a trip a month．63．The finding of the study mentioned in this passage is that________.A．cars cause more traffic accidents than buses B．driving a car is more stressful than taking a bus C．high blood pressure is harmful to human healthD．car driving is accompanied by many distractions 64．The term“road rage”probably refers to__________.A．the sudden heart attack that drivers suffer from B．the explosive outbursts of anger shown by motorists C．traffic accidents arising from bad-tempered drivers D．the panic caused by traffic congestions65．All of the following are considered a source of stress during Car driving EXCEPT_______.A．heavy traffic B．traffic jamsC．unfamiliar roads D．a sense of waste of time 66．One of the advantages of a bus ride is that_______. A．you can do something productive on the roadB．there is no fear of taking the wrong roadC．no passenger suffers from high blood pressure D．you can get to your destination quickly67．This passage is intended to_______.A．urge the public to stop using cars altogether B．advise people to take a bus instead of a car when possible C．tell people how to ward off stress while driving a car D．highlight the causes of stress in a city68．Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A．Car driving：a demanding but exciting j obB．Traffic jams：a source of diseases and conflictsC．Road rage：a frequent occurrence on the wayD．Bus travel：one third less stressful than the car Passage FourThe term“g”(general intelligence)represents a measure of overall cognitive ability across a variety of tests. It?s not the same as IQ but it does tend to correlate. Everyone agrees that“g”tends to run in families.But is this down to genetics or to environmental influences? However,no single gene has yet been conclusively linked to intelligence.Rather it appears to be a case of complex interactions on many levels between many different genes．Identical twins have exactly the same genes,while non-identical twins share about half their genes.Another feature of twins that makes them an ideal choice for studies is that they tend to be raised in pretty much the same environment.If a particular feature is the same in identical twins,but not in non-identical twins，then chances are it?s mainly genes that are controlling that feature.So what do the twin studies show?Well，first degree relatives tend to have“g”correlation of about0.4-0.5 (Perfect correlation is1；correlation of0means that the2things in question are totally unrelated).Identical twins have a correlation of0.85，while for non-identical twins it's about0.6,which suggests that genes play a very important role，but are not the only factor，since if they were,the correlation between identical twins would be1．Identical twins reared apart are almost as similar in“g”scores as those reared together.Adopted children and their adoptive parents have a“g”correlation of zero, while adopted children and their biological parents tend to have the same correlations as any parent-child pair. So although genes don?t seem to be the only thing affecting intelligence，their effects seem to be constant and apparently not overridden by environment.Does heritability of intelligence alter over a lifetime? Remarkably,it appears so.“g”heritability climbs gradually from20％in babies to40％in children，peaking at60%in adults.Why this should be is still a matter of speculation.It?s been suggested that as our cognitive abilities become more complex,new genes may come into play that were not needed when brain functions were less sophisticated.Or individuals may be drawn towards environments that fit with their genetic makeup,as timegoes by and genetic effects that started up together during adulthood．69．Al l of the following statements about“g”are true EXCEPT_______.A．“g”is to some extent inheritedB．“g”correlates with IQC．“g”can be attributed to a single geneD．“g”is a measure of cognitive ability70．Identical twins are chosen as the subjects of the study because_______.A．they have the same genes and live in the same environment B．they have some genes linked to general intelligence C．they have the same heritability of intelligence D．they are alike in everything except for intelligence 71．The studies on twins?general intelligence show that _______.A．nothing but genes can determine“g”B．genes play an important role in“g”C．the correlation between identical twins is1 D．identical twins are more intelligent72．It can be inferred from Paragraph5that_______. A．environment plays a more important role in“g”thangenesB．an adopted child can become as clever as the step-parents C．“g”changes with the living environment D．parenting has less effect on one?s“g”than genes 73．It can be concluded from the passage that_______. A．it is easy to identify what determines our intelligence B．genes are a more important determinant of“g”than environmentC．identical twins have exactly the same IQD．IQ depends more on environment than on genes74．It seems that heritability of intelligence_______. A．has been clearly explainedB．declines as we grow upC．increases with out ageD．remains unchanged all out lifePassage FiveI was born on the last day of February．I've always felt sorry for February,squeezed between the big months of January(named for the Roman god Janus，keeper of gateways)and March(after Mars，the god of war)．The first Roman calendar,legend has it，had10months and no February．Beginning at the vernal equinox(春分)withMarch，it ended with December．In an agricultural society, winter was of little importance，and thus went undivided．January and February were added about700B．C．by the second king of Rome，Numa Pompilius．He made all the months29 or31days，but shortened February,the last month of the year,by giving it only28．By the time of Julius Caesar,the calendar was three months out of sync with the solar year.This prompted Caesar to announce a new calendar in46B．C．Although there is some dispute--some historians say Caesar gave February29 days--most believe his calendar preserved a28-day February(with29days only in a leap year).Next，it was the church?s turn.In1582Pope Gregory XIII decreed a new calendar in Europe.Many changes were made，but the Pope passed up yet another chance to grant February equality with the other months．It?s messy,even dangerous，changing how we measure time，but Pope Gregory was hardly the last one to try.The League of Nations received over150new calendar designs,and the UnitedNations has considered more proposals since,just to name a few．There?s the30x11Calendar(which supersizesDecember to35or36days)and the Kluznickian Calendar(which adds the month of Aten，after an Egyptian sun god)．Each proposal involves something that supposedly modernizes the calendar．But I have a simpler proposal that won?t lead to chaos，and will correct the historical injustices against February：move the last day of January and the last day of March into February to make it a normal month with30 days，and a respectable3l on leap years．This would not add or subtract a single day from the calendar year．As an added benefit，making the first three months of the year each30days would bring them into closer alignment with the lunar cycle．It?s a great idea．And unlike Julius and Augustus．I won?t even demand a month named in my honor．75．It is said that in the first Roman calendar,_______. A．all months were equally dividedB．December was the longest monthC．February was the shortest monthD．January and February were merged into one76．The12-month calendar was first announced by_______. A．Julius CaesarB．Pope Gregory XIIIC．AugustusD．Numa Pompilius77．According to most historians，the new calendar in46 B．C．_______.A．gave February29days for the first timeB．unveiled many mysteries surrounding February C．followed the tradition on FebruaryD．made February equal with other months78．It is implied in the passage that_______.A．most people today are not interested in changing the calendarB．there is no point in changing the current calendar C．people have been trying to make changes to the calendar D．it is urgent for US to make improvements to the calendar 79．The author suggests in the last paragraph that his proposal_______.A．is easy to carry outB．is simpler than the othersC．Will trigger little disputeD．makes scientific sense80．The author?s purpose in writing the passage is to _______.。
北大英语考研试题
北大英语考研试题1. Passage 1：A few years ago, a researcher conducted a study to investigate the effects of music on the brain. The participants in the study were divided into two groups. One group listened to classical music while the other group did not listen to any music. The results of the study showed that the group that listened to classical music performed better on memory tests compared to the group that did not listen to any music. This finding suggests that classical music has a positive impact on memory.2. Passage 2：In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has grown significantly. Many people prefer to shop online due to the convenience it offers. Online shopping allows people to browse through a wide range of products and make purchases from the comfort of their own homes. Additionally, online shopping often offers better deals and discounts compared to traditional brick-and-mortar stores. However, there are also some disadvantages to online shopping, such as the lack of physical interaction and the inability to try on or examine products before purchasing. Despite these drawbacks, online shopping continues to gain popularity.3. Passage 3：In today's fast-paced society, stress is a common problem that many people face. Stress can have a negative impact on bothphysical and mental health. To effectively manage stress, it is important to identify the sources of stress and develop coping mechanisms. Some effective strategies for managing stress include exercise, relaxation techniques, and seeking support from friends and family. It is also important to prioritize and manage time effectively to reduce stress levels. By implementing these strategies, individuals can lead healthier and more balanced lives.4. Passage 4：The importance of environmental conservation has become increasingly apparent in recent years. With issues such as climate change and deforestation, it is crucial for individuals and governments to take action to protect the environment. This can be done through various means, such as reducing carbon emissions, promoting renewable energy sources, and implementing sustainable practices. Additionally, raising awareness about the importance of environmental conservation is also essential. By working together, we can create a cleaner and more sustainable planet for future generations.5. Passage 5：In the field of medicine, advancements in technology have revolutionized healthcare delivery. From robotic surgeries to telemedicine, technology has improved patient care and outcomes. For example, robotic surgeries allow for more precision and accuracy, resulting in reduced risk and faster recovery times. Telemedicine allows patients to receive medical advice and treatment remotely, eliminating the need for in-person visits. Thesetechnological advancements have made healthcare more accessible and efficient, benefiting both patients and healthcare providers.。
北京市研究生学位英语考试真题及答案
北京市研究生学位英语考试真题及答案Beijing Municipal Research Graduate Entrance Examination (BMREE) is a standardized test designed to assess the English proficiency of graduate students applying for degree programs in Beijing. The exam consists of listening, reading, writing, and speaking sections, each testing different aspects of English language skills. In this article, we will provide a sample BMREE exam paper along with the answers.Listening Section:Questions 1-3:Listen to the following conversations and choose the correct answer:1. What did the man forget to bring to the meeting?A. His notesB. His laptopC. His coffeeAnswer: A. His notes2. When is the party scheduled to start?A. 7:30 pmB. 8:00 pmC. 8:30 pmAnswer: B. 8:00 pm3. What is the woman doing this weekend?A. Studying for examsB. Going shoppingC. Visiting her parentsAnswer: C. Visiting her parentsReading Section:Questions 4-6:Read the following passage and answer the questions:Passage: Climate change is a pressing issue that affects the entire planet. As global temperatures rise, glaciers melt and sea levels increase, leading to more frequent natural disasters such as hurricanes and floods. It is crucial for governments and individuals to take action to reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment for future generations.4. What is the main topic of the passage?A. Global warmingB. Natural disastersC. Environmental protectionAnswer: A. Global warming5. What are some of the consequences of climate change mentioned in the passage?A. Melting glaciers and rising sea levelsB. Droughts and wildfiresC. Earthquakes and tsunamisAnswer: A. Melting glaciers and rising sea levels6. What action does the passage suggest to address climate change?A. Planting more treesB. Reducing carbon emissionsC. Building more damsAnswer: B. Reducing carbon emissionsWriting Section:Question 7:Write an essay (200-300 words) on the following topic:"The importance of cultural exchange programs in promoting global understanding and cooperation."Speaking Section:Practice speaking about the following topics:8. Discuss a book or movie that has had a significant impact on you.9. Describe a memorable travel experience and what you learned from it.10. Talk about an important historical event and its significance.Answers:1. A2. B3. C4. A5. A6. BThis sample BMREE exam paper provides an overview of the types of questions students can expect to encounter on the test. It is important for students to prepare thoroughly by practicing listening, reading, writing, and speaking in English to achieve a high score on the exam. Good luck to all the students taking the BMREE!。
最新北京市研究生英语统考试题-6
最新北京市研究生英语统考试题-62007年6月Part I Listening Comprehension (25minutes, 20points) Section A (1Point each)1. A. He doesn't like classic music.B. He feels sorry to decline the offerC. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn't got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage. B. At the restaurant.C. At the supermarket.D. At the office.3. A. Tony doesn't always listen.B. Tony has hearing problems.C. It's unusual that Tony missed the interviewD. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier.B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable.5. A. A doctor. B. An operator,C. A nurse.D. A dentist.6. A. $0.35 B. $3.50 C. $3.05 D. $30.57. A. He had something wrong with his watch.B. He thought the meeting was for a different day.C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared.D. He was not paying attention to the time.8. A. He didn't attend Professor Smith's class last time.B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.C. The woman should pose a more serious question.D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend.9. A. The woman does not drink beer.B. It was not the woman's coat.C. The woman just had her coat cleaned.D. The woman is not angry with the man.Section B ( 1 point each)10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at homeB. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college.11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools.B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from homeC. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills.12. A. A variety of honeybee.B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor SocietyD. A national top competition.13. A. Importance of biodiversity.B. Protection of wild species.C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat.B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato15. A. They can harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support lifeB. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls.D. They hardly survive different conditions.Section C ( 1 point each)Lecture Topic: Getting a good night’s sleep16. There are several ___________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t want to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to help get a good night’s slee p:17. 1)___________________________________________18. 2)___________________________________________19. 3)___________________________________________20. 4)___________________________________________PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soilson his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard'scurriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordance with B. in line with C. in charge of D. in response to43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparkling PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about airpollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest duringspring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingPassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alleysaid his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows.A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each otherif we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB. subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible 60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people havelong suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably means “__________”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because_____.A. they like keeping their money in the bankB. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC. they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD. spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB. it is better to save some money for the futureC. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD. how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. Dr Bala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.A. supports the findings of other climate modelsB. is based on the results of other climate modelsC. uses a system different from other climate modelsD. challenges the basic theory of other climate models71. Based on Dr Bala's model, a treeless world would__________.A. cause serious environmental problemsB. prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature 72. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________.A. Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?B. Why Green Trees Might Not Be Green?C. How to Help Green Trees Survive?D. How to Go Green with Green Trees?Passage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Lastwere the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap. The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her. What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it. These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________. A. is useful to the people on the lower layer B. is built on a performance-reward system C. is a barrier tothe exchange of medical views D. is an effective way of teaching medical students 76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 showsthat_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A. students should learn to speak both kindly andprofessionallyB. students should challenge the superior for the benefit ofpatients最后一页在2008年1月人教新课标二年级语文下册第一单元测试题一、读一读，连一连。
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2007年6月Part I Listening Comprehension (25minutes, 20points)Section A (1Point each)1. A. He doesn't like classic music.B. He feels sorry to decline the offerC. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn't got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage. B. At the restaurant.C. At the supermarket.D. At the office.3. A. Tony doesn't always listen.B. Tony has hearing problems.C. It's unusual that Tony missed the interviewD. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier.B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable.5. A. A doctor. B. An operator,C. A nurse.D. A dentist.6. A. $0.35 B. $3.50 C. $3.05 D. $30.57. A. He had something wrong with his watch.B. He thought the meeting was for a different day.C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared.D. He was not paying attention to the time.8. A. He didn't attend Professor Smith's class last time.B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.C. The woman should pose a more serious question.D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend.9. A. The woman does not drink beer.B. It was not the woman's coat.C. The woman just had her coat cleaned.D. The woman is not angry with the man.Section B ( 1 point each)10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at homeB. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college.11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools.B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from homeC. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills.12. A. A variety of honeybee.B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor SocietyD. A national top competition.13. A. Importance of biodiversity.B. Protection of wild species.C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat.B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato15. A. They can harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support lifeB. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls.D. They hardly survive different conditions.Section C ( 1 point each)Lecture Topic: Getting a good night’s sleep16. There are several ___________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t want to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to help get a good night’s sleep:17. 1)___________________________________________18. 2)___________________________________________19. 3)___________________________________________20. 4)___________________________________________PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper ______between the richand poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordance with B. in line with C. in charge of D. in response to43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparkling PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingPassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows.A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB. subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible 60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably means “__________”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because_____.A. they like keeping their money in the bankB. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC. they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD. spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB. it is better to save some money for the futureC. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD. how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. Dr Bala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.A. supports the findings of other climate modelsB. is based on the results of other climate modelsC. uses a system different from other climate modelsD. challenges the basic theory of other climate models71. Based on Dr Bala's model, a treeless world would__________.A. cause serious environmental problemsB. prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature 72. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________.A. Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?B. Why Green Trees Might Not Be Green?C. How to Help Green Trees Survive?D. How to Go Green with Green Trees?Passage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly atthe bottom of the heap. The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her. What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it. These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________. A. is useful to the people on the lower layer B. is built on a performance-reward system C. is a barrier to the exchange of medical views D. is an effective way of teaching medical students 76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 showsthat_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A. students should learn to speak both kindly andprofessionallyB. students should challenge the superior for the benefit ofpatients最后一页在2008年1月 人教新课标二年级语文下册第一单元测试题一、 读一读，连一连。