土木中英翻译
土木工程英文为Civil Engineering
土木~凝固的艺术——土木工程概论课程报告土木工程英文为Civil Engineering，直译为民用工程，是建造各类工程设施的科学技术的统称。
它既指工程建设的对象，即建造在地上、地下、水中的各种工程设施，也指所应用的材料、设备和所进行的勘测、设计、施工、管理、养护、维修等专业技术。
1土木工程的历史，现状，未来发展。
1.1土木工程的历史1.1.1古代土木工程古代土木工程大致从新石器时代（约公元前5000年起）到17世纪中叶，又分为原始社会阶段、奴隶社会阶段、封建社会阶段。
这一阶段土木工程的主要特征是：1）建筑材料主要以天然材料为主辅以初级人造材料。
2）建造理论主要是长期建造经验的总结。
3）建造技术以手工工具为主，也发明了一些简单的施工工具、技术上的分工也日益细微。
在古代土木工程中，一些文明古国都有不少传世杰作流传和屹立至今。
1）在房屋建筑方面，北京故宫是世界上现存最大，最完整的古代木结构宫殿建筑群，体现了中国古代建筑的优秀传统和独特分格，堪称世界一绝。
意大利的比萨大教堂建筑群，法国的巴黎圣母院大教堂，都是公元11~13世纪的著名建筑。
公元15~16世纪五月份新时期的佛罗伦萨教堂和罗马的圣彼得大教堂堪称世界优秀建筑之精粹。
2）在桥梁工程方面，公元6世纪我国隋朝建成的赵州桥是世界上最早的敞肩式拱桥，无论在结构受力，艺术造型和经济上都达到了很高的成就。
3）在水利工程方面，我国在四川建成的都江堰是世界历史上最长的无坝引水工程，被誉为世界上最早的综合性大型水利工程。
我国隋朝开凿了世界上最长的大运河，共长2500千米。
4）在高塔方面，公元11世纪建成的山西应先佛宫寺释迦塔设计精巧，至今犹存，是我国现存木构建筑之最。
5）在其他方面，人类的两项伟大的工程，举世闻名的长城和埃及金字塔是砖、石结构的经典之作。
1.1.2近代土木工程近代土木工程时间跨度从17世纪到20世纪中叶，前后约300年时间。
这一阶段土木工程的特征是：1）建筑材料从天然材料为主转向人造材料为主，混凝土和钢材成为土木工程的主要建造材料。
土木工程专业英语
1.荷载短期荷载short-time load 临界荷载critical load 持续荷载sustained loads恒载dead load 活载live load 峰值荷载peak load 冲击荷载impact load 2.专业名词力矩面等横截面cross section 隔离体 a free body 轴力axial forces 带肩梁ledger beam正应力the normal stress 剪应力the shear stress 固定铰支座 a pin support 可动铰支座 a roller support 平面内弯矩in-plane bending 平面外弯矩out-of-plane bending简支梁a simple beam 悬臂梁 a cantilever beam 分布力distributed load 均布力uniformly distributed load 静定结构statically determinate structure 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 角焊缝fillet weld 对接焊缝groove weld外缘outer edges 中性轴the neutral axis 形心矩centroidal distance沙石混凝土sand-and-stone concrete 预应力混凝土pre stressed concrete复合应力combined stress 极限应变limiting tensile strain 平均正应力mean normal stress名义抗剪强度nominal shear strength 惯性力inertia force 地震作用seismic action广义位移generalized displacement 扭矩torsion 预加应力pre stress托梁corbel3.材料平面顶deck 屋面防水层water proof roofing 金属箔层压板foil-laminated钢筋steel 涂料paint 木条板lath 灰泥plaster 楔子wedge基础footing 横向钢筋transverse reinforcement 纵筋longitudinal reinforcement 弯起纵筋bent-up longitudinal steel 单向板one-way slabs 腹筋the web steel 楼梯踏步stair tread 顶棚抹灰plastered ceilings 承重墙bearing wall第 1 页/共 4 页轻质幕墙light weight curtain walls 桁架truss 构件member 谷仓grain elevator桥墩bridge pier 大型结构heavy structure 梯井stair shaft高层写字楼high-rise office 预埋构件metal insert 作业平台work plat form企口木板tongue-and-groove plank 施工架constructed yoke 走道脚手架 a walkway scaffold铅垂线the plumb line 喷雾器fog sprays 型钢structural steel 剪力墙shear wall平板flat slab 合成薄板synthetic film 防护墙板endosing wall panels人字起重机derrick crane 卫生间设施bathroom groups 服务竖井the service shaft隔气层vapor barriers 隔热层insulation 结露点dew point 空心板hollow plank竖向剪力墙shear-resistant vertical wall 预制构件pre cast member 隔板wall panel4.其他1应力等值线 a stress contour 数值分析numerical analysis 悬索基础cable structures实验研究experimental investigation 超静定次数degree of statical indeterminaly叠加法method of superposition 基本结构released structure高跨比span-depth ratio弯矩图bending moment diagram 附着deposit 弹性模量modulus of elasticity水化hydrate 硬化harden 变量variables 环境相对湿度ambient relative humidity蒸发evaporate 定向立方体单元oriented elementary cube初步结论tentative conclusion斜向拉力diagonal tension 微分长度单元 a differential length 应力迹线stress trajectory骨料咬合作用aggregate interlock 销栓作用dowel action 延性ductility扭转力偶twisting couple 力臂lever arm 分数fraction 取代in lieu of地震高发区zones of high earthquake probability 平立面in plan elevation平动translation 转动rotation 凹部depressions 凸起projection 凸口recess 在现场on the site 误差error 通用规范applicable codes滑模施工slip form operations 养护care 锚固be anchored in 挠度deflection5.其他2侧向支持sway bracing 先张法pre tensioning technique 后张法post tensioning technique安全系数safety factor 安全储备margin of safety 附属cust-in fittings防火等级fire ratings 不匀称沉降differential settlement 深基础deep foundation扩展式基础spread foundation 符合基础combined footings 条形基础strap footings垂直于at right angles to 类似于analogous to 单位力法unit-load method大小相等方向相反be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction静力平衡方程equations of static equilibrium 与……有关pertain to求合力from a summation of force 一组联立方程 a set of simultaneous equations协调方程equations of compatibility 经验方程empirical equation大一个数量级an order of magnitude longer 第二面积积分the second moment-area thorea·b dot product a*b cross product 位移互等定理reciprocal displacement theorem第 3 页/共 4 页液压控制系统hydraulic master control system 功的互等定理…………work ……与……成正比in direct proportion to 与……一致be geared to。
土木工程专业英语单词
1 Civil engineering 土木工程。
2 Slopes and fills 边坡和路堤3 waterfront 河流湖泊4 settlement 沉降5 stability 稳定性坚固，耐久性 5 hydraulic 水利的，液压的7 runoff 流量，流放8 behavior 性能性质9sanitize 使清洁，除掉有害物10 dump 垃圾堆11 waste 废弃物12 hazardous 危险的14 major 专业科目15 cultivable 可耕的，可培养的16 remedy 补救，修理17 roadway 路面道路18 hurricane 飓风19asphalt 沥青20 concrete 混凝土21 combustible 易燃的22 slurry 泥浆1 execution 施工，实施，执行2 specific 特殊的，专门的具体的3 dynamic 动力的，冲击的4characteristic 特有的，特性性能5 intensity 强度，密度6 sump 排水坑7 carbon 碳纤维8 novel 新的，异常的9 excavation 挖掘，开挖10landscape 风景，美化11 fill 填土12 ancillary 辅助的，附属的13 foundation 基础14 excavator 挖掘机15 proceed 继续进行，开始16 interlock 使连接，使结合17 construction 建造，施工18 Surveyor 测量员19 dewater 排水20 placement and curing 浇筑与养护21superstructure 上部结构22duration 持续时间23 destroy 破坏，毁坏24 initially 最初，开始1 jurisdiction 权限，管辖权2 bar 法庭律师的职业3 curriculum 课程学习计划4 statistic 统计学5 persuasive 有说服力的6 recruit 补充，招收7 science Orient 注重科学的8 specialize 专门研究。
土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering
土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ,直译是民用工程，它是建造各种工程的统称。
它既指建设的对象，即建造在地上，地下，水中的工程设施，也指应用的材料设备和进行的勘测、设计施工、保养维修等专业技术。
土木工程随着人类社会的进步而发展，至今已经演变成为大型综合性的学科，它已经出许多分支，如：建筑工程，铁路工程，道路工程，桥梁工程，特种工程结构，给水排水工程，港口工程，水利工程，环境工程等学科。
土木工程共有六个专业：建筑学，城市规划，土木工程，建筑环境与设备工程，给水排水工程和道路桥梁工程。
土木工程作为一个重要的基础学科，有其重要的属性：综合性，社会性，实践性，统一性。
土木工程为国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善提供了重要的物质技术基础，对众多产业的振兴发挥了促进作用，工程建设是形成固定资产的基本生产过程，因此，建筑业和房地产成为许多国家和地区的经济支柱之一。
古代的土木工程有很长的时间跨度，大致从公元前500年新石器时代出现原始的土木工程活动到16世纪末意大利的文艺复兴，导致土木工程走上迅速发展的道路为止，前后经历了两千多年。
在这段时间内，由于科学理论发展及其缓慢，土木工程也没有突破习惯的发展。
远古时代，居住和交往的需要，人类开始了掘土为穴，架木为桥的原始的土木工程活动，我国黄河流域的仰邵文化遗址和西安半坡遗址发现了有供居住的浅穴和直径为5—6米的圆形房屋。
中国古代的建筑多采用木结构，并逐渐形成与此想适应的风格，公元14世纪的建造的北京故宫是世界上最大的最完整的古代木结构宫殿建筑群，应县的木塔是世界上最高的木建筑。
与此同时，欧洲的以石拱结构为主的古代房屋建筑也达到了很高的水平，意大利的比萨大教堂，法国的巴黎圣母院，罗马的圣彼得大教堂均反映了欧洲这一时期建筑施工和结构的最高成就。
从17世纪中页开始到20 世纪40年代第二次世界大战结束为止的300年间，国外的建筑取得了长足的进步。
土木工程进入了定量分析阶段。
土木工程英汉词典
土木工程词典A Type Wooden Ladder A字木梯A-frame A型骨架A-truss A型构架Aandon废弃Abandoned well废井Aberration of needle磁针偏差Abnormal pressure异常压力abnormally high pressure异常高压Abort中止abrasion磨损Abrasion surface浪蚀面abrasive cut-off machine磨切机Abrasive Cutting Wheel拮碟abrasive grinding machine研磨机Abrasive Grinding Wheel磨碟abrasive particle磨料颗粒Absolute address绝对地址Absolute altitude绝对高度Absolute damping绝对阻尼Absolute deviation绝对偏差Absolute flying height绝对航高Absolute gravity绝对重力absolute permeability绝对渗透率absolute porosity绝对孔隙率absolute temperature绝对温度absorbability吸收性；吸附性absorption吸收abutment桥墩abutting end邻接端acceleration加速acceleration lane加速车道Acceleration of gravity重力加速度acceleration pedal加速器踏板accelerator催凝剂；加速器；催化剂acceptance criteria接受准则access通路；通道access door检修门；通道门access lane进出路径access panel检修门access point入口处；出入通道处access ramp入口坡道；斜通道access road通路；通道access shaft竖井通道access spiral loop螺旋式回旋通道access staircase通道楼梯access step出入口踏步access tunnel隧道通道accessible roof可到达的屋顶accessory附件；配件accident事故；意外accidental collapse意外坍塌accommodate装设；容纳accredited private laboratory认可的私人实验室accumulator储压器；蓄电池accuracy limit精度限制acetylene cylinder乙炔圆筒Acetylene Hose煤喉Acetylene Regulator煤表acid plant酸洗设备；酸洗机acid pump酸液泵acid tank酸液缸acidic rock酸性岩acoustic couplant声耦合剂acoustic coupler声音藕合器；音效藕合器acoustic lining隔音板acoustic screen隔声屏Acoustic wave声波acrylic paint丙烯漆料(压克力的油漆) acrylic sheet丙烯胶片(压克力的胶片) active corrosion活性腐蚀active earth pressure主动土压力active fault活断层active oxidation活性氧化actual plot ratio实际地积比率actuator促动器；唧筒；激发器adapt改装adaptor适配器；承接器；转接器；addition增设；加建additional building works增补建筑工程additional horizontal force额外横向力additional plan增补图则(附加的平面图) additional vent加设通风口additive添加剂Address地址adhesive黏结剂；胶黏剂adhesive force附着力Adhesive Glue万能胶Adhesive Reflective Warning Tape反光警告贴纸adit入口；通路；坑道口adjacent construction相邻建造物adjacent level相邻水平adjacent site相邻基地adjacent street相邻街道adjoining area毗邻地区adjoining building毗邻建筑物adjoining land毗邻土地adjoining structure毗邻构筑物adjustable可调校Adjustable Wrench Spanner昔士adjuster调节器adjustment调校；调整Administrative Lawsuit行政诉讼Administrative Remedy行政救济admixture掺合剂；外加剂advance directional sign前置指路标志；方向预告标志advance earthworks前期土方工程advance warning sign前置警告标志advance works前期工程aeration曝气aeration tank曝气池aerial天线Aerial mapping航空测图aerial photograph航测照片Aerial photography航照定位aerial rapid transit system高架快速运输系统aerial ropeway高架缆车系统aerial view鸟瞰图aerofoil翼型aerosol悬浮微粒；喷雾aerosphere大气圈affix贴附aftercooler后冷却器afterfilter后过滤器aftershock余震agent作用剂；代理人aggradation堆积aggregate骨材；集料；碎石aggregate area总面积aggregate grading骨材级配aggregate superficial area表面总面积aggregate usable floor space总楼地板空间agitator搅拌器；搅动机air bleeding放气(空气渗出)air blower鼓风机air brake气压制动器Air chambor气室air circuit空气回路air circuit breaker空气断路器air cleaner空气滤清器air compressor空气压缩机air compressor governor空气压缩机调压器air conditioning空气调节air cooled chiller风冷式冷却机air cooler空气冷却器air cooling system空气冷却系统；风冷系统air coupling valve空气联接阀air curtain fan风帘风扇air cylinder气缸；气筒air damper风闸；气流调节器air distribution system配气系统air distributor空气分配器air dryer空气干燥器air duct通风管道；气槽air entrained cement加气水泥；伴沬水泥air entraining agent输气剂air exhaust排气口air filter空气滤器；风隔；隔尘网air filter chamber空气过滤室air flowmeter风量计；空气流量计air gap气隙air grill空气格栅air inlet进风口；进气孔air inlet louver进气百叶air inlet port进气口air intake进风口；进气孔；入气口air intake duct进风槽air intake filter进气过滤器air isolating cock空气隔断旋塞air line breathing apparatus气喉型呼吸器具air line strainer进气管道隔滤器air outlet出风口air outlet grille空气出口栅格air particle空气粒子air passage风道air pipe/pipework通气管；送气管air piston空气活塞air pressure gauge气压表air pressure switch气压闸air pressurization system空气加压系统air receiver空气储存器air reservoir储气缸air restrictor空气节流器air shuttle valve阻气阀air sprayer喷涂器air spring空气弹簧air strainer空气隔滤器；空气滤网air supply outlet供气出口air supply valve供气阀air tank空气箱air valve进出气阀；放气阀air valve pit进出气阀井；放气阀井air vent cock通风管旋塞air ventilator空气通风器air-operated damper气动风闸airshaft通风竖井airtight cover气密盖airy dry varnish风干清漆alarm警报；警报器alarm bell警报钟alarm buzzer警报器alga藻类Alidade照准仪alidate照准仪align对准；调直；定线alignment(road)路线；准线(特指道路中线的位置与方向)alignment plan(road)路线平面图alkali-silica reaction碱硅反应alkaline aggregate reaction碱性集料反应alkaline earth碱性土alkaline pump碱液泵alkaline tank碱液缸alkalinity碱度all-purpose road混合车道；综合车道alley巷allowable load容许载重；容许荷载Allowable pressure容许压力allowable stress容许应力alloy合金alloy steel bar合金钢筋条alluvial deposit冲积土层；冲积物alluvial plain冲积系alteration更改；改建；改动Alternating current交流电alternating current(a.c.)交流电alternative design替代设计alternative route替代路线alternator交流发电机Altimeter高度计Altitude高度；地平纬度；海拔Altitude correction高度修正Altitude error高度误差Altitude-tint legend高程表Aluminium Flat Bar铝扁条aluminium tape铝卷尺aluminum bridge铝桥Aluminum Sheet花铝板amber琥珀amber flashing light黄色闪光灯Ambient周围ambient pressure周围压力ambient temperature环境温度；周围温度amendment修订amenities市容建筑；设施；康乐设施amenity area美化市容地带amenity railing美观栏杆ammeter电流表；安培计Ammonium nitrate硝酸铵Amortisseur减震器Amortization减震Ampere安培（电流单位）ampere(A)安培(电流量单位)Ampere's law安培定律amplification放大；增强Amplifier放大器amplitude幅；振幅Amplitude anomaly振幅异常Analog模拟Analog signal模拟信号Analogue模拟anchor锚；锚竿支撑anchor bearing锚承；锚座anchor bolt锚栓anchor plate锚碇板anchorage锚碇；碇泊区；抛锚区；锚固anchorage length锚固长度anchoring strength锚固强度ancillary building附属建筑物ancillary facilities附属设施ancillary installation附带装置ancillary works附属工程angle cutter角铁切割机angle iron bracket角铁支架；角铁托架Angle of declination偏角Angle of depression俯角Angle of dip倾角Angle of elevation仰角angle of emergence出射角angle of incidence入射角angle of inclination倾斜角angle of internal friction内摩擦角angle of polarization偏极角angle of reflection反射角Angle of refraction折射角angle of rotaion旋转角angle probe斜探头angular velocity角速度annealing退火annunciation lamp警示灯annunciator传播器；呼唤器anode阳极anode voltage阳极电压Anomaly异常antenna天线Anthracite红基煤anti-corrosion paint防腐蚀油漆anti-creep device防溜装置Anti-grease Rubber Gloves防油胶手套anti-lift roller防升滚轮anti-oxidizing paint抗氧化漆anti-rust paint防锈漆anti-skid chequer防滑格纹anti-skid device防滑装置anti-skid dressing防滑钢沙anti-skid material防滑物料anti-slip防滑动；防空转；防打滑anti-static chain抗静电链anti-static tyre抗静电轮胎anti-stripping agent防剥剂anti-syphonage pipe反虹吸作用管anti-tip roller防倾侧滚轮anti-vibration mounting防震装置anti-vibration pad防震垫anticline背斜Antitermite Paint白蚁油anvil铁砧aperture隙缝；壁孔apex顶apparatus仪器；装置；器具；器材appliance用具；装置；设备applied covering外加覆盖物applied load外施荷载(应用的负荷) approach进路；引道；接驳道路；引桥approach channel进港航道；引渠approach ramp引道坡approach road引道；进路approach speed来车速度approach taper楔形引道路段approach viaduct高架引道approved material经核准的物料approved plan经核准的图则appurtenance附属物apron跳板；护板；停机坪arc电弧arc contact电弧触点arc runner电弧滚环arc welding电弧焊接arch拱；弓形；拱门arch bridge拱桥architect建筑师Architect Registration Examination建筑师注册考试(A.R.E)architectural建筑学architectural decoration建筑装饰architectural projection建筑上的伸出物Architecture结构area traffic control system区域交通控制系统argon arc welding氩气焊armature电枢arrangement排列；布置array数组arresting assembly止动装置art paper铜版纸arterial highway干线道路arterial traffic干线交通article of agreement合约细则Articulation清晰度Artifacts人工产品Artificial illumination人工照明Artificial intelligence人工智能artificial lighting人工照明as-built drawing竣工图则as-constructed drawing竣工图则asbestos abatement works石棉拆除工程asbestos cement石棉水泥asbestos gasket石棉垫料aseismic region无震区ash pit排渣槽；灰坑asphalt沥青asphalt distributor沥青喷洒机asphalt paver沥青铺筑机asphalt roofing沥青屋面asphaltic coating沥青涂层asphaltic concrete沥青混凝土asphaltos地沥青aspirator吸气器assemblage组合物assembly装置；组合assessment评估associated works相关工程；相关设施Assorted Cloth各色布仔Assorted Rubber Gloves杂色胶手套Asymptote渐近线at-grade pedestrian crossing地面行人过路处at-grade signal controlled junction交通灯控制地面路口atmospheric distillation常压蒸馏atmospheric pressure大气压力；常压atmospheric temperature常温atomization air fan雾化空气风扇(喷雾空气风扇)attachment附件；附属物attenuation衰减audible signal音响讯号audible warning音响警号Auger Bit长身小林式钻咀Aurora极光Aurora australis南极光Aurora borealis北极光authorities权限authority主管当局authorized officer获授权人员authorized person获授权人；认可人士；核准人士authorized works获授权进行的工程；批准进行的工程Auto-Marking Gauge ST-7521N自动墨斗automatic(spark)ignition device自动(火花)点火装置Automatic control自动控制automatic control switch自动控制开关automatic operation自动操作automatic release自动脱扣automatic voltage regulator自动调压器automatic weather station自动气象站Automatic zero set自动归零automation equipment自动化设备Automobil Putty原子灰auxiliary control panel辅助掣板(附加的控制仪表板)auxiliary equipment辅助设备auxiliary feedwater pump辅助给水泵auxiliary feedwater tank辅助给水箱auxiliary plant辅助厂房auxiliary system辅助系统auxiliary water pump辅助水泵average compressive stress平均压应力average strength平均强度Averaging平均Axe Handle斧头柄axial fan轴流式风扇axial force轴向力axial load轴向载重；轴向荷载axial stress轴向应力Axis of abscissa横坐标轴Axis of ordinate纵坐标轴axis of reference参考轴axis of rotation旋转轴axis of symmetry对称轴axle bearing车轴轴承(车轴啤令)Azimuth bearing方位角azimuth compass方向罗盘Azimuthal angles方位角Back azimuth反方位角back-fire逆火back-up area后勤地区；辅助埸地backfill回填；回填土backfill material回填物料background noise背景噪音backing plate垫板；背板Backsight后视Bad data不良资料Bad earth接地不良baffle隔板；挡板baffle plate遮挡板baffle wall遮挡墙balance tank调节池；均衡槽balance weight平衡锤balanced load平衡载重balancer平冲器Balancing平差Balancing a survey测量平差balancing pipeline平衡水管balcony露台ball bearing滚珠轴承Ball Caster平底波辘Ball Peen Hammer w/handle圆头锤Ball Point Hex Key Set(extra-long)加长波头套庄六角匙ball valve浮球阀；球形阀；波阀ball-and-socket joint球窝接头ballast道碴bamboo bridge竹桥Bamboo Broom竹扫把Bamboo Handle Toilet Brush竹柄鲍鱼刷bamboo scaffolding竹枝棚架band brake带式制动器band clamp带夹banshee alarm尖啸警报bar铁枝；杆；巴(压力量单位)bar tendon钢筋Barbed Wire有棘铁线barging area驳运地点barrack营房barrel管筒；芯管barrette方形桩barricade路障；障碍物barrier栏栅；护栏；障碍物；屏障barrier block路障barrier gate路闸barrier plate阻挡板Basal plane基面bascule bridge开合式活动吊桥base基座base course路面下层；承重层；路基层base frame基架base insulator基架绝缘器Base level基准面base map底图base plate底板；垫板base sealing底部密封胶base slab平底板base support底座支架Base temperature基础温度baseline基线；底线；基准线baseline programme基线计划basement地库；地窖；地下室Basin盆地batching plant混凝土混和机；配料厂bathmeter深度计Batter level测斜器batter pile斜桩battery蓄电池battery acid level电池酸位battery cell volt蓄电池电压Battery Cells电芯battery charger电池充电器battery electric locomotive电力机车battery electrolyte电池电解液battery-powered device电池推动装置bauxite铝土beacon闪光指示灯bead焊珠beam横梁beam(or girder)bridge梁式桥Beaman arc贝门弧bearing支座；支承；承座；轴承(啤令)；方向角Bearing angle方位角bearing capacity承载力bearing force承重能力；承载能力bearing pad支承垫片；承重垫片bearing pile支承桩bearing pin支承栓钉bearing plate支承垫板bearing stress支承应力bearing surface支承面bedding底层；层理bedplate座板bedrock基层岩behaviour性能；状况Belisha beacon斑马线灯；黄波灯bellow pot气囊；气囊筒belly band安全带belt带；皮带belt conveyor带式输送机belt guard皮带护罩belt tension皮带拉力bend弯角；弯位；路弯；弯管bending force弯曲力bending stress弯曲应力Benkelman beam test贝克曼梁试验bentonite膨润土berm channel斜水平台渠berth停泊处；碇泊位bevel斜角；斜面bias偏移Bias magnetic磁偏bill of quantities工料清单binder黏合料bisectrix等分线bit钻头bitumen沥青bitumen coating沥青外衬(沥青护膜)bitumen felt沥青纸bitumen lining沥青衬里Bitumen Paint腊青油Bitumen Paper腊青纸bituminous concrete沥青混凝土bituminous macadam沥青碎石bituminous waterproof membrane沥青防水膜Black Canvas Hose黑色帆布喉Black Iron Pipe(Class B)B级黑铁喉Black Rubber Gloves黑胶手套Black Steel Strapping黑铁皮Black Welding Glass黑玻璃blade剪刀；叶片blank flange盲板法兰；盲板凸缘；管口盖板blanking plate封板blast-furnace鼓风炉blast-furnace slag cement炉渣水泥blasting爆石；爆破bleed nipple放气嘴；减压嘴bleed off pipe溢流管bleed screw放气螺钉；减压螺钉bleeding泌浆(混凝土)；泌水性(混凝土) blended cement混合水泥blending control混合控制blinding补路石砂；(填充表面孔隙的细石) blinds百叶窗block plan楼宇平面图(地盘图)blow down放水；放气blow down valve放泄阀；排水阀blower吹风机；鼓风机Blue Pencil#1276蓝铅笔Blue Powder蓝淀粉bobbin绕线管Body belts w/cert.救生绳连证书bogie转向架boiler room锅炉房boiling point沸点bollard护柱；系船柱bollard light安全岛指示灯bollard plinth护柱柱基；护柱基座bolster承枕；横撑bolt螺栓Bolt Cutter蛇头剪Bolts and Nuts螺丝类bond黏结；黏合；契约bond coat黏合层bond strength黏合强度bond stress黏合应力boom吊杆booster pump增压泵booster pumping station增压抽水站booster transformer增压变压器booster water pump增压水泵；增压抽水机borated water storage tank含硼水贮存箱border link边境连接道路border terminus过境终站bore钻孔；内孔bored pile螺旋钻孔桩bored tunnel钻挖的隧道borehole log钻孔纪录boric acid硼酸boring钻探；冲孔boring machine钻探机；镗床borrow area采泥区；采料区BOT(Build-Operate Transfer)兴建营运转移bottleneck樽颈；狭窄段bottom heave底部隆bottom layer底层bottom plate底板bottom simulating reflector(BSR)海底仿拟反射器bottom-hole pressure井底压力boulder巨砾boundary分界线；界线box bridge箱型桥box culvert盒形排水渠；盒形暗渠；箱形暗渠；方形去水渠box girder箱形大梁brace撑杆；支撑braced structure受横向支撑的结构bracing支撑bracing structure支撑结构bracket托架；支架braid编织电缆brake制动器brake horse power制动马力brake lining制动器摩擦衬片brake pedal剎车踏板brake system制动系统brake test制动器试验brake tester制动系统测试器braking distance制动距离；剎车距离branch circuit分支电路branch pipe/pipework支管；分支喉管Brass Caliper铜身卡尺Brass Flat Bar铜扁条brass gate valve黄铜闸阀Brass Padlock w/key同匙铜锁Brass Straight Nozzle消防铜射咀brass wire brush铜丝刷break pressure tank减压配水缸箱；水压调节池breaker轧碎机；碎石机；隔断器；开关闸；断路器；保险掣breaking strength抗断强度breakthrough击穿breakwater防波堤breather通气孔；呼吸器breather valve通气阀breathing apparatus呼吸器具brick砖brick bridge砖桥Brick Reinforcement砖墙网Brick Reinforcement Mesh砖网brick works砌砖工程brickwork砖块bridge桥梁bridge abutment桥台bridge crane桥式吊机bridge deck桥面板；桥板；桥面bridge girder桥大梁bridge pier桥墩bridgeworks桥梁工程Bright spot亮点Brightness亮度Brown Paper鸡皮纸BS916Hex Bolts&Nuts BS916英制六角螺丝带母(丝闩)bubble accumulator气泡贮存器Bubble effect气泡效应bucket conveyor斗式输送机buckling压曲；压弯buckling load压曲临界荷载buffer缓冲；缓冲器；减震器buffer area缓冲地区build,operate and transfer(BOT)franchise 「建造、营运及移交」专营权builder's lift施工用升降机building建筑物；大厦building area建筑面积building condition楼宇状况building construction建筑物建造；建筑营造building design建筑物设计；建筑设计building envelope建筑物外壳building frontage建筑物正面building land屋地；屋子建筑用地building material建筑物料building plan建筑图则Building Planning建筑计划building services建筑设备building site屋宇建筑地盘；工地Building Technology建筑技术building works屋宇建筑工程；楼宇建筑工程bulk density容积密度bulk excavation works大型挖掘工程bulk modulus体积弹性系数bulldozer推土机；铲泥车bump(road)限速路面突块bumper缓冲器；防撞器；防撞杠bunch捆扎bund壆；田基；堤壆bund wall壆墙bundled area堤壆保护区buoyant force浮力burglar alarm system防盗警报系统buried concrete埋入地下的混凝土burner燃烧器；炉头bursting爆裂bus interchange巴士转车处bus stop shelter巴士站遮盖物bus terminus巴士总站bus-bar导电条；母线(汇流条)bus-coupler母线联接bush轴衬(杯士)butt fusion welding对头熔接butt welding对焊butterfly cock蝶形旋阀butterfly gate蝶形闸butterfly valve蝶形阀buttress支墩buzzer蜂音器；蜂鸣器by-pass绕道；支路；支管；旁通管by-pass valve旁通阀Byte字节cab小室；驾驶室cabinet小室；贮存柜cable电缆cable channel电缆沟；电缆槽cable conduit电缆管cable coupler电缆耦合器Cable Cutter威也钳cable draw pit电缆沙井；铺缆井cable duct电缆管道cable gland电缆密封套cable joint电缆接头cable laying wagon电缆敷设车cable lead电缆引线cable route电缆路线cable supported viaduct悬索高架桥cable suspension bridge钢索吊桥cable trench电缆槽cable trough电缆坑cable trunk电缆干线cable tunnel电缆隧道cable-stayed bridge斜拉桥；斜张桥cage机厢caisson沉箱caisson cap沉箱盖caisson foundation沉箱地基；沉箱基础caisson pier沉箱墩caisson pile沉箱桩caisson retaining wall沉箱挡土墙caisson wall沉箱墙Calibrate校准Calibrating device校准器calibration校准Calibration constant校准常数Calibration instrument校准仪caliper measure测径calorie(cal)卡路里(热量单位)calorific value热值calorifier加热器cam凸轮camber拱度(成弧形)candela(cd)烛光(发光强度单位)canister respirator罐型防毒面具canopy雨遮cantilever悬臂cantilever beam悬臂梁cantilever bridge悬臂桥cantilever crane悬臂吊机cantilever footing悬臂基脚cantilever foundation悬臂地基cantilever support悬臂支架canvas帆布canvas belt帆布带cap帽；盖Capacitance电容capacitance meter电容表Capacitivity电容率capacitor电容器capacity容量；载客量capacity control valve容量控制阀Capillarity毛细作用Capillary pressure毛细压力capital works基本建设工程；基建工程；carbon brush碳刷Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher二氧化碳灭火筒carbon pile碳柱carbon ring碳环carbon steel含碳钢carbon strip碳条carbonation碳化carbonation depth碳化深度carbonation process碳化过程carbonhydrate碳水化合物carborundum金刚砂carburettor化油器；气化器cargo handling area货物装卸区Carpenter Hammer w/handle木工锤Carpenter Pencil木工笔carriageway行车道carriageway marking行车道标记Carry进位carrying capacity运载量；载重量；承载能力Cartesian coordinates笛卡儿坐标；直角坐标cartridge子弹；弹药筒cartridge operated tool弹药推动的工具cartridge type respirator滤罐型呼吸器；筒型防毒面具（猪咀）casing套管cast iron铸铁；生铁cast iron conductor铸铁导管Cast Iron Electrode铸铁焊支cast iron pipe铸铁管(生铁管)cast-in anchorage浇注锚固cast-in-place灌注；现场浇筑cast-in-place(CIP)场铸式cast-in-situ concrete unit现场浇筑混凝土构件casting basin预制品工场Castor with stopper棚架辘casualty team意外事件小组cat ladder便梯；爬梯catalytic action催化作用catch挡片；制止器；扣掣；门扣catch fan扇形防护网架catch fence拦截围墙catch platform坠台Catcher抓贝catchment area集水区；引集范围catchpit排水井；集水坑；截流井catchwater channel集水槽catenary wire吊索cathode阴极cathode ray tube(CRT)阴极射线管cathodic protection阴极保护catwalk跳板；轻便梯；轻便栈桥caulk填缝Caulking Gun油灰鎗caulking material填隙料causeway堤道(长堤)caution sign警告标志cavern洞穴cavity中空部分；穴cavity wall空心墙ceiling天花板ceiling slab天花板ceiling suspension hook天花吊celestial eqquator天球赤道Celestial equator天体赤道Celestial pole天极cell电池cellular office分格式办公室cement水泥cement content水泥含量cement mortar水泥沙浆cement plaster水泥灰泥cement rendering水泥荡面(水泥刷面) cement sand mix水泥沙浆cementitious content水泥成分Center of curvature曲率中心Center of gravity重心Centesimal graduation百分度centi(c)厘(百分之一)Centigrade百分度；摄氏温度Centimeter-gram-second system公分-公克-秒单位制central divider中央分隔栏central dividing strip中央分隔带central line中线central median中央分隔带central power-driven machine中央动力机械Central processing unit中央处理机central profile barrier中央纵向护栏central reserve中央预留带central span中跨距(中心跨距)centre lane中行车线(中央车道)centre line中心线centre line of street街道中心线centrifugal filter离心过滤器centrifugal force离心力centrifugal load离心荷载centrifugal pump离心泵centripetal force向心力ceramic tile瓷砖certificate证明书certificate of inspection检查证明书certificate of registration注册证明书；登记证明书certification核证Certification Standards建筑师的认证标准certified copy经核证文本certify核证cesspool污水池chain链chain block滑车吊链；链动滑轮(链滑车) Chain Saw电动链锯chainage丈量长度；里程距离chainlink fence扣环围栏；铁网围栏Chalk粉笔Chalk Brush粉刷chamber小室；间隔chamfer去角(斜角)位；斜削chandelier水晶灯change-over switch转换开关change-over valve转换阀channel沟渠；线糟；槽；渠道；频道channel cover槽盖Channel wave槽波channelization(traffic)(交通)导流channelizing island导行岛channelizing line导行线Chaos theory混沌论Character特性；字符Characteristic特性；特征characteristic strength特征强度Charge炸药；电荷Chart图表chart datum海图基准面chart recorder图表记录器chassis车身底盘check查核check block挡块check joint止回接头check mechanism制动装置check plate垫板；挡板check rail护轮轨check screw止动螺钉check valve止回流阀chemical action化学作用chemical dosing化学剂量chemical grout化学灌浆Chemical Materials化工物料类chemical property化学特性chemical refuse化学垃圾chemical test化学测试chemicals化学品chequered plate网纹板chill plate冷却板chilled air fan冷风风扇chilled water pump冷冻水泵chiller冷冻机chiller plant致冷设备；制冷设备chimney烟沟；烟chimney coping烟囱盖顶chimney stack烟囱Chinese Ink大墨汁Chinese Pen毛笔Chipping Hammer w/handle敲锈锤chippings碎屑；破片chisel凿chloride氯化物chloride content氯化物含量chloride diffusion氯化物扩散chloride extraction除氯chloride ion氯离子chloride ion content氯离子含量chlorinated polyvinyl chloride(PVC-C)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated water加有氯气的水chlorinator加氯器chopper斩波器；截波器chunam灰泥土批荡chute溜槽；滑道；槽管ciffusion coefficient扩散系数circuit电路；环道circuit breaker断路保险掣circular footing圆基脚circular road环回道路Circular Saw Blade(Carbide Tipped)40T钻石介木碟circulating water pump循环水泵circulation mode循环模式circumferential road环回道路civil works土木工程cladding骨架外墙；覆盖层claim声称；申索；索偿clamp夹钳claplock cable clamp拍扣式电缆线夹clast碎屑；岩粒Clathrate天然气水化合物Claw Hammer w/handle羊角锤clay黏土clay field pipe瓦管Clay Picks Head番钉头Clay Picks w/handle番钉连柄Cleaner洁厕得cleaning eye清理孔Cleaning Pad快洁布cleaning rod清理棒cleansing洁净clear effective length净有效长度clear height净高clear opening净开口clear space净空间clear span净跨距clear width净宽度clearance相距空间；(净空) clearance gauge测隙规clearance space间隙空间cleat夹具clevis U形夹client委托人climb form technique提升模板技术climbing lane爬坡车道climofunction气候因素Clinographic curve坡度曲线Clinometer测斜器clip小夹close fitting cover紧合封盖close fittings紧合配件close-boarded platform密合封板平台Close-up闭合closed area禁区closed circuit television(CCTV)闭路电视closed end不能通行的一端closed position闭合的位置Closed traverse闭合导线Closing error闭合误差closure封闭Closure error闭合误差cloverleaf interchange四叶式交汇处；蝶式交汇处clutch离合器co-ordinator统筹人Coagulation凝结Coal红基煤coal-tar epoxy环氧煤焦油coarse aggregate粗骨料coarse screening粗筛Coast line海岸线Coastal deposits海岸堆积coating保护层；涂层coating material涂盖物质cock旋塞；旋阀Coconut Brush Broom椰衣扫Code address编码地址Code language代码语言code of practice工作守则；操作守则code reader读码器Coded data编码数据Coded message编码信息Coder编码器；编码员Coding编码；译码Coding rule编码规则coefficient系数Coefficient of correction校正系数Coefficient of correlation对比系数Coefficient of damping阻尼系数coefficient of elasticity弹性系数coefficient of expansion膨胀系数Coefficient of extension伸延系数coefficient of internal friction内摩擦系数coefficient of linear expansion线性膨胀系数coefficient of refraction折射系数Coefficient of safety安全系数coefficient of thermal diffusion热扩散系数coefficient of transmissibility可传性系数cofferdam围堰坝cohesive force黏合力；凝聚力coil线圈；簧圈；盘管cold milling刨去路面旧沥青cold reduced steel wire冷轧钢丝cold solvent welding冷冻溶剂焊接cold storage冷藏库collapse坍塌collapsible cantilever platform可折悬臂平台collapsible gate折闸collar护圈；束套；套环Collateral data附属数据collet套爪；筒夹Collimated平行Collimation瞄准；平行校正collimation axis视准轴collimation error视准误差collimation line视准线collimation plane视准面collimator视准仪Collision碰撞Collision zone板块碰撞带colluvial deposit崩积土层Color code色码Color display彩色展示Color plates色版Color processing彩色处理Color Rags什布仔Color sensation色感Coloration着色；彩色colour code色码colour light signal颜色灯号coloured cement颜色水泥column柱column cap柱帽column footing柱基脚column frame柱架column head柱头Combination组合Combination Plier平咀钳Combination Slip-Joint Plier鲤鱼钳Combination Wrench令梗Combination Wrench Set套庄令梗combined dead load组合恒载combined effect混合效应combined footing联合基脚combined load合并载重combustible goods可燃物品combustible material可燃烧物料combustion燃烧combustion chamber燃烧室commencement of operation开始操作commercial building商业建筑物commercial complex商场commercial land商业用地commercial use商业用途commissioning启用；投产；投入服务；开始使用；开始运作commitment承担common corridor公用走廊Common mode同型common part公用部分Common Round Iron Nails普通圆铁钉common use共同使用common waste pipe共用废水管communal facilities公用设施communication channel/link通讯渠道communication system通讯系统commutator整流器commuter通勤者compacted concrete压实混凝土compaction压实；夯实compaction pile压实桩compaction test压实测试compartment分隔室compartment wall分隔墙Compass罗盘Compass azimuth罗盘方位角Compass bearing罗盘方位Compass declination磁偏角compatibility相配；相容compensating valve补偿阀compensation补偿；补偿金competent person符合资格人士；有资格人士Compiler编绎程序complement补充设备Complement address补码地址Complement angle余角Complementary angle余角complete function test全面功能试验complete fusion完全熔接complete overhaul全面大修completed works已完成的工程compliance遵从composite beam组合梁composite building综合用途建筑物composite pile混合桩composite sandwich construction复合夹层结构composite steel plate复合钢板composite wall组合墙composition成分compound场地；合成物comprehensive details全面细节；整体细节comprehensive development area综合发展区comprehensive redevelopment area综合重建区comprehensive transport interchange facilities综合交通交汇设施comprehensive transport study整体运输研究compressed air压缩空气compressed air tunnelling method压缩空气开挖隧道法compressed gas压缩气体Compressibility压缩系数compressing tool压挤工具compression压缩compression joint承压接缝compression load压缩荷载compression reinforcement受压钢筋compression test抗压测试compressional anticline挤压背斜compressional fold挤压褶皱compressive failure压缩塌毁；压缩毁坏compressive strength抗压强度compressive stress抗压应力compressor压缩机computer aided design(CAD)facilities电脑辅助设计设施computer graphics电脑绘图Computer language计算器语言computerized automatic concrete cubecrushing machine电脑化混凝土立方块压力试验机concave凹形concealed piping隐藏喉管concentrated load集中载重；集中荷载concept plan概念图conceptual layout概念规划concrete混凝土；三合土concrete barrier混凝土防撞栏concrete block混凝土趸concrete block seawall混凝土海堤Concrete Brick沙砖concrete bridge混凝土桥concrete buffer混凝土缓冲壆Concrete Chisel石矢尖凿concrete core混凝土芯concrete cover混凝土保护层concrete cube混凝土立方块concrete cube test混凝土立方体试验concrete durability混凝土耐久性concrete foundation混凝土基础concrete grade混凝土等级concrete lining混凝土搪层；混凝土衬里concrete mix混凝土混合物；混凝土拌合料concrete mixer混凝土混合机；混凝土搅拌机concrete mixing plant混凝土拌合厂concrete paving block混凝土铺路砖concrete pile混凝土桩concrete pipe混凝土管concrete plinth混凝土基脚concrete pour works混凝土浇灌工程concrete profile barrier混凝土纵向护栏concrete re-alkalization混凝土再碱性化concrete sample混凝土样本concrete slab混凝土板concrete sleeper混凝土轨枕concrete spalling混凝土剥落Concrete Stones石仔concrete strength混凝土强度concrete stress混凝土应力concrete structure混凝土结构；混凝土建造物concrete technology混凝土科技；混凝土工艺concrete test混凝土测试concrete vibrator混凝土震捣器(混凝土振动器)concrete wall混凝土墙concreting灌注混凝土condensation冷凝condenser冷凝器；电容器condition条件﹔状况conductance导率Conductibitily导电性Conducting stratum导电层conduction传导Conductive body导体conductive part导电部分conductivity导电性conductor导体；导线conduit管道；导管cone锥形筒Confidence可信度configuration构形(结构)confined space密封空间confining stress局限应力confirmatory test验证测试Conjunction交集Connected to ground接地connection接驳；连接；接驳处connector接驳器；连接器Connectors(Long Huts)镀锌公英制牙条长驳母consecutive test result连续测试结果consent同意conservation of energy节约能源conservatory温室consideration代价Consistency一致性console控制台consolidate加固consolidating stratum固结地层(巩固地层) consolidation沉积；固结consolidation coefficient固结系数consolidation test固结试验conspicuous place显眼地方conspicuous position显眼位置Constant of gravitation万有引力常数construction建造；建筑结构；构造construction cost建筑成本；建筑价格；建筑费用；造价construction joint施工接缝；施工缝construction plant施工设备construction road施工用道路construction sequence施工程序；施工步骤construction site vehicle建筑基地车辆construction stage施工阶段construction works建造工程consultant顾问consultant fee顾问费consultation谘询consumer用户container贮存器；货柜containment防漏contaminate污染Contamination污染contamination monitoring system污染监测系统Continental shelf大陆棚contingency plan应急计划；应变计划contingency sum额外预算费Continuation延伸continuity连续性continuity test连续性测试continuous barrier连续护栏continuous beam连续梁continuous bridge连续式桥梁continuous covered elevated walkway system 直通有盖高架行人路系统continuous footing连续基脚；条型基础continuous load连续荷载contour map等值线图contour walk依地势建筑的小径contra-flow反方向行车contract合约；合同contract description合约说明contract document合约文件contract drawing合约图则contract payment合约支付款项contract period合约期contract sum合约金额contraction coefficient收缩系数contraction crack收缩裂缝contraction joint收缩接缝contractor承建商；建筑商contractor shed承建商屋棚contractor yard承建商工地contractual claim按合约索偿(契约的要求) contractual obligation合约订明的责任contravention违反contribution分担费用control管制control cable操纵缆control console操纵台；控制台control gear控制器control kiosk控制站control panel控制电箱；控制盘Control point控制点Control signal控制信号control station控制站control switch控制电掣control valve控掣阀controlled area管制区Controller控制器Convection对流conversion factor换算系数converter变流器convex凸形convey输送conveyor输送机；输送器Cooker Switch铁曲架制coolant冷却剂cooling agent冷却剂cooling coil冷却盘管cooling fan冷却风扇cooling fan blade散热扇片cooling fin散热片；冷却片cooling rib冷却肋片cooling system冷却系统cooling tank冷却池cooling tower冷却水塔cooling water pump冷却水泵coordinate angle坐标角coordinate axis坐标轴coordinate plane标轴面。
土木工程专业英语翻译(词汇篇)
Chapter 3
Words and Phases
carbon dioxide: 二氧化碳（CO2） calcium oxide: 氧化钙（CaO） tricalcium silicate: 硅酸三钙 dicalcium silicate: 硅酸二钙 tricalcium aluminate: 铝酸三钙 tetracalcium aluminoferrite: 铁铝酸四钙 shrinkage: 收缩 calcium hydroxide: 氢氧化钙 calcium silicate hydrate: 水化硅酸钙 sulfate: 硫酸盐 Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Words and Phases
impurities: 有害杂质 mica: 云母 silt: 淤泥 organic substance: 有机物 sulphide: 硫化物 sulphate: 硫酸盐 chloride: 氯化物
Chapter 4
Words and Phases
Words and Phases
pottery陶瓷 steel 钢材 wood 木材 wetting angle 润湿角 hydrophilic property亲水性 hydrophobic property憎水性 water-absorbing quality 吸水性 water absorption吸水率 water percentage 含水率
Chapter 2
Words and Phases
dolomite ground slaked lime 白云石消石 灰粉 over-burnt lime 过火石灰 under-burnt lime 欠火石灰 crystallization 结晶 carbonization 碳化 soundness 体积安定性 water retentivity保水性 shrinkage 收缩 Chapter 2
土木工程常用英语翻译
土木工程常用翻译工程结构 buildin g and civil enginee ring structu res房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。
工程结构设计designof buildin g and civil enginee ringstructu res在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。
房屋建筑工程buildin g enginee ring一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
土木工程 civil enginee ring除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
公路工程 highway enginee ring为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
铁路工程 railway enginee ring为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
港口与航道工程 port ( harbour ) and waterwa y enginee ring为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
水利工程 hydraul ic enginee ring为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
（完整版）土木工程专业英语翻译
（完整版）土木工程专业英语翻译(1)Concrete and reinforced concrete are used as building materials in every country. In many, including Canada and the United States, reinforced concrete is a dominant structural material in engineered construction.(1)混凝土和钢筋混凝土在每个国家都被用作建筑材料。
在许多国家，包括加拿大和美国，钢筋混凝土是一种主要的工程结构材料。
(2)The universal nature of reinforced concrete construction stems from the wide availability of reinforcing bars and the constituents of concrete, gravel, sand, and cement, the relatively simple skills required in concrete construction.(2) 钢筋混凝土建筑的广泛存在是由于钢筋和制造混凝土的材料，包括石子，沙，水泥等，可以通过多种途径方便的得到，同时兴建混凝土建筑时所需要的技术也相对简单。
(3)Concrete and reinforced concrete are used in bridges, building of all sorts, underground structures, water tanks, television towers, offshore oil exploration and production structures, dams, and even in ships.(3)混凝土和钢筋混凝土被应用于桥梁，各种形式的建筑，地下结构，蓄水池，电视塔，海上石油平台，以及工业建筑，大坝，甚至船舶等。
土木工程中英文翻译
from：journal of Constructional Steel Research.V olume 59,Number 1,January 2003 Cyclic behavior of steel moment frameconnections under varying axial load and lateral displacements Abstract: This paper discusses the cyclic behavior of four steel moment connections tested under variable axial load and lateral displacements. The beam specim- ens consisted of a reduced beam section, wing plates and longitudinal stiffeners. The test specimens were subjected to varying axial forces and lateral displace- ments to simulate the effects on beams in a Coupled-Girder Moment-Resisting Framing system under lateral loading. The test results showed that the specim- ens responded in a ductile manner since the plastic rotations exceeded 0.03 rad without significant drop in the lateral capacity. The presence of the longitudin- al stiffener assisted in transferring the axial forces and delayed the formation of web local buckling.1. IntroductionAimed at evaluating the structural performance of reduced-beam section(RBS) connections under alternated axial loading and lateral displacement, four full-scale specimens were tested. These tests were intended to assess the performance of the moment connection design for the Moscone Center Exp- ansion under the Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) and the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE). Previous research conducted on RBS moment connections [1,2] showed that connections with RBS profiles can achieve rotations in excess of 0.03 rad. However, doubts have been cast on the quality of the seismic performance of these connections under combined axial and lateral loading.The Moscone Center Expansion is athree-story, 71,814 m2 (773,000 ft2) structurewith steel moment frames as its primary lateralforce-resisting system. A three dimensionalperspective illustration is shown in Fig. 1. Theoverall height of the building, at the highest point of the exhibition roof, is approxima- tely 35.36 m (116ft) above ground level. The ceiling height at the exhibition hall is 8.23 m (27 ft) , and the typical floor-to-floor height in the building is 11.43 m (37.5 ft). The building was designed as type I according to the requi- rements of the 1997 Uniform Building Code.The framing system consists of four moment frames in the East–West direct- ion, one on either side of the stair towers, and four frames in the North–Southdirection, one on either side of the stair and elevator cores in the east end and two at the west end of the structure [4]. Because of the story height, the con- cept of the Coupled-Girder Moment-Resisting Framing System (CGMRFS) was utilized.By coupling the girders, the lateral load-resisting behavior of the moment framing system changes to one where structural overturning moments are resisted partially by an axial compression–tension couple across the girder system, rather than only by the individual flexural action of the girders. As a result, a stiffer lateral load resisting system is achieved. The vertical element that connects the girders is referred to as a coupling link. Coupling links are analogous to and serve the same structural role as link beams in eccentrically braced frames. Coupling links are generally quite short, having a large shear- to-moment ratio.Under earthquake-type loading, the CGMRFS subjects its girders to wariab- ble axial forces in addition to their end moments. The axial forces in theFig. 1. Moscone Center Expansion Project in San Francisco, CAgirders result from the accumulated shear in the link.2. Analytical model of CGMRFNonlinear static pushover analysis wasconducted on a typical one-bay model of theCGMRF. Fig. 2 shows the dimensions andthe various sections of the model. The linkflange plates were 28.5 mm ⋅ 254 mm (1 1/8 in ⋅ 10 in) and the web plate was 9.5 mm ⋅ 476mm (3 /8 in ⋅ 18 3/4 in). The SAP 2000computer program was utilized in thepushover analysis [5]. The frame was characterized as fully restrained(FR). FR moment frames are those frames for 1170which no more than 5% of the lateral deflections arise from connection deformation [6]. The 5% value refers only to deflection due to beam–column deformation and not to frame deflections that resultfrom column panel zone deformation [6, 9].The analysis was performed using an expected valueof the yield stress and ultimate strength. These valueswere equal to 372 MPa (54 ksi) and 518 MPa (75 ksi),respectively. The plastic hinges’ load–deformationbehavior was approximated by the generalized curvesuggested by NEHRP Guidelines for the SeismicRehabilitation of Buildings [6] as shown in.Fig. 3. △ywas calcu- lated based on Eqs. (5.1) and (5.2) from[6], as follows:P–M hinge load–deformation model points C, D and E are based on Table 5.4 from [6] for △y was taken as 0.01 rad per Note 3 in [6], Table 5.8. Shear hinge load- load–deformation model points C, D and E are based on Table 5.8 [6], Link Beam, Item a. A strain hardening slope between points B and C of 3% of the elastic slope was assumed for both models.The following relationship was used to account for moment–axial load interaction [6]:where MCE is the expected moment strength, ZRBS is the RBS plastic section modulus (in3), is the expected yield strength of the material (ksi), P is the axial force in the girder (kips) and is the expected axial yield force of the RBS, equal to (kips). The ultimate flexural capacities of the beam and the link of the model are shown in Table 1.Fig. 4 shows qualitatively the distribution of the bending moment, shear force, and axial force in the CGMRF under lateral load. The shear and axial force in the beams are less significant to the response of the beams as compared with the bending moment, although they must be considered in design. The qualita- tive distribution of internal forces illustrated in Fig. 5 is fundamentally the same for both elastic and inelastic ranges of behavior. The specific values of the internal forces will change as elements of the frame yield and internal for- ces are redistributed. The basic patterns illustrated in Fig. 5, however, remain the same.Inelastic static pushover analysis was carried out by applying monotonically increasing lateral displacements, at the top of both columns, as shown in Fig. 6. After the four RBS have yielded simultaneously, a uniform yielding in the web and at the ends of the flanges of the vertical link will form. This is the yield mechanism for the frame , with plastic hinges also forming at the base of the columns if they are fixed. The base shear versus drift angle of the model is shown in Fig. 7 . The sequence ofinelastic activity in the frame is shown on the figure. An elastic component, a long transition (consequence of the beam plastic hinges being formed simultaneously) and a narrow yield plateau characterize the pushover curve.The plastic rotation capacity, qp, is defined as the total plastic rotation beyond which the connection strength starts to degrade below 80% [7]. This definition is different from that outlined in Section 9 (Appendix S) of the AISC Seismic Provisions [8, 10]. Using Eq. (2) derived by Uang and Fan [7], an estimate of the RBS plastic rotation capacity was found to be 0.037 rad:Fyf was substituted for Ry•Fy [8], where Ry is used to account for the differ- ence between the nominal and the expected yield strengths (Grade 50 steel, Fy=345 MPa and Ry =1.1 are used).3.Experimental programThe experimental set-up for studying the behavior of a connection was based on Fig. 6(a). Using the plastic displacement dp, plastic rotation gp, and plastic story drift angle qp shown in the figure, from geometry, it follows that:And: in which d and g include the elastic components. Approximations as above are used for large inelastic beam deformations. The diagram in Fig. 6(a) suggest that a sub assemblage with displacements controlled in the manner shown in Fig. 6(b) can represent the inelastic behavior of a typical beam in a CGMRF.The test set-up shown in Fig. 8 wasconstructed to develop the mechanism shown inFig. 6(a) and (b). The axial actuators wereattached to three 2438 mm × 1219 mm × 1219mm (8 ft × 4 ft × 4 ft) RC blocks. These blockswere tensioned to the laboratory floor by meansof twenty-four 32 mm diameter dywidag rods. This arrangement permitted replacement of the specimen after each test.Therefore, the force applied by the axial actuator, P, can be resolved into two or thogonal components, Paxial and Plateral. Since the inclination angle of the axial actuator does not exceed 3.0 , therefore Paxial is approximately equal to P [4]. However, the lateral component, Plateral, causes an additional moment at the beam-to column joint. If the axial actuators compress the specimen, then the lateral components will be adding to the lateral actuator forces, while if the axial actuators pull the specimen, the Plateral will be an opposing force to the lateral actuators. When the axial actuators undergoaxial actuators undergo a lateral displacement _, they cause an additional moment at the beam-to-column joint (P-△ effect). Therefore, the moment at the beam-to column joint is equal to:where H is the lateral forces, L is the arm, P is the axial force and _ is the lateral displacement.Four full-scale experiments of beam column connections were conducted.The member sizes and the results of tensile coupon tests are listed in Table 2All of the columns and beams were of A572 Grade 50 steel (Fy 344.5 MPa). The actual measured beam flange yield stress value was equal to 372 MPa (54 ksi), while the ultimate strength ranged from 502 MPa (72.8 ksi) to 543 MPa (78.7 ksi).Table 3 shows the values of the plastic moment for each specimen (based on measured tensile coupon data) at the full cross-section and at the reduced section at mid-length of the RBS cutout.The specimens were designated as specimen 1 through specimen 4. Test specimens details are shown in Fig. 9 through Fig. 12. The following features were utilized in the design of the beam–column connection:The use of RBS in beam flanges. A circular cutout was provided, as illustr- ated in Figs. 11 and 12. For all specimens, 30% of the beam flange width was removed. The cuts were made carefully, and then ground smooth in a direct- tion parallel to the beam flange to minimize notches.Use of a fully welded web connection. The connection between the beam web and the column flange was made with a complete joint penetration groove weld (CJP). AllCJP welds were performed according to AWS D1.1 Structural Welding CodeUse of two side plates welded with CJP to exterior sides of top and bottom beam flan- ges, from the face of the column flange to the beginning of the RBS, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12. The end of the side plate was smoothed to meet the beginning of the RBS. The side plates were welded with CJP with the column flanges. The side plate was added to increase the flexural capacity at the joint location, while the smooth transition was to reduce the stress raisers, which may initiate fracture.Two longitudinal stiffeners, 95 mm ×35 mm(3 3/4 in ×1 3/8 in), were welded with 12.7 mm(1/2 in) fillet weld at the middle height of the webas shown in Figs. 9 and 10. The stiffeners werewelded with CJP to column flanges.Removal of weld tabs at both the top and bottombeam flange groove welds. The weld tabs wereremoved to eliminate any potential notchesintroduced by the tabs or by weld discontinuitiesin the groove weld run out regions.Use of continuity plates with a thickness approximately equal to the beam flange thickness. One-inch thick continuity plates were used for all specimens.While the RBS is the most distinguishing feature of these test specimens, the longitudinal stiffener played an important role in delaying the formation of web local buckling and developing reliable connection performance4. Loading history Specimens were tested by applying cycles of alternated load with tip displacement increments of _y as shown in Table 4. The tip displacement of the beam was imposed by servo-controlled actuators 3 and 4. When the axial force was to be applied, actuators 1 and 2 were activated such that its force simulates the shear force in the link to be transferred to the beam. The variable axial force was increased up to 2800 kN (630 kip) at 0.5_y. After that, this lo- ad was maintained constant through the maximum lateral displacement.maximum lateral displacement. As the specimen was pushed back the axial force remained constant until 0.5 y and then started to decrease to zero as the specimen passed through the neutral position [4]. According to the upper bound for beam axial force as discussed in Section 2 of this paper, it was concluded that P=2800 kN (630 kip) is appropriate to investigate this case in RBS loading. The tests were continued until failure of the specimen, or until limitations of the test set-up were reached.5. ConclusionsBased on the observations made during the tests, and on the analysis of the instrumentation, the following conclusions were developed:1. The plastic rotation exceeded the 3% radians in all test specimens.2. Plastification of RBS developed in a stable manner.3. The overstrength ratios for the flexural strength of the test specimens were equal to 1.56 for specimen 1 and 1.51 for specimen4. The flexural strength capacity was based on the nominal yield strength and on the FEMA-273 beam–column equation. 4. Although flange local buckling did not cause an immediate degradation of strength, it did induce web local buckling5. The plastic local buckling of the bottom flange and the web was not accompanied by a significant deterioration in the load-carrying capacity.6. The longitudinal stiffener added in the middle of the beam web assisted in transferring the axial forces and in delaying the formation of web local buckling. How ever, this has caused a much higher overstrength ratio, which had a significant impact on the capacity design of the welded joints, panel zone and the column.7. A gradual strength reduction occurred after 0.015 to 0.02 rad of plastic rotation during negative cycles. No strength degradation was observed during positive cycles.8. Compression axial load under 0.0325Py does not affect substantially the connection deformation capacity.9. CGMRFS with properly designed and detailed RBS connections is a reliable system to resist earthquakes.弯钢框架结点在轴向变化荷载和侧向位移的作用下的周期性行为摘自：钢结构研究杂志。
土木工程 专业外语词汇大全中英翻译
土木工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering1. 综合类反分析法back analysis method1. 综合类基础工程foundation engineering1. 综合类临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics1. 综合类数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics1. 综合类土soil, earth1. 综合类土动力学soil dynamics1. 综合类土力学soil mechanics1. 综合类岩土工程geotechnical engineering1. 综合类应力路径stress path1. 综合类应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock2. 工程地质及勘察标准冻深standard frost penetration2. 工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit2. 工程地质及勘察冰积层（台）glacial deposit2. 工程地质及勘察残积土eluvial soil, residual soil2. 工程地质及勘察层理beding2. 工程地质及勘察长石feldspar2. 工程地质及勘察沉积岩sedimentary rock2. 工程地质及勘察承压水confined water2. 工程地质及勘察次生矿物secondary mineral2. 工程地质及勘察地质年代geological age2. 工程地质及勘察地质图geological map2. 工程地质及勘察地下水groundwater2. 工程地质及勘察断层fault2. 工程地质及勘察断裂构造fracture structure2. 工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration 2. 工程地质及勘察海积层（台）marine deposit2. 工程地质及勘察海相沉积marine deposit2. 工程地质及勘察花岗岩granite2. 工程地质及勘察滑坡landslide2. 工程地质及勘察化石fossil2. 工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock2. 工程地质及勘察阶地terrace2. 工程地质及勘察节理joint2. 工程地质及勘察解理cleavage2. 工程地质及勘察喀斯特karst2. 工程地质及勘察矿物硬度hardness of minerals2. 工程地质及勘察砾岩conglomerate2. 工程地质及勘察流滑flow slide2. 工程地质及勘察陆相沉积continental sedimentation2. 工程地质及勘察泥石流mud flow, debris flow2. 工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物clay minerals2. 工程地质及勘察凝灰岩tuff2. 工程地质及勘察牛轭湖ox-bow lake2. 工程地质及勘察浅成岩hypabyssal rock2. 工程地质及勘察潜水ground water2. 工程地质及勘察侵入岩intrusive rock2. 工程地质及勘察取土器geotome2. 工程地质及勘察砂岩sandstone2. 工程地质及勘察砂嘴spit, sand spit2. 工程地质及勘察山岩压力rock pressure2. 工程地质及勘察深成岩plutionic rock2. 工程地质及勘察石灰岩limestone2. 工程地质及勘察石英quartz2. 工程地质及勘察松散堆积物rickle2. 工程地质及勘察围限地下水（台）confined ground water 2. 工程地质及勘察泻湖lagoon2. 工程地质及勘察岩爆rock burst2. 工程地质及勘察岩层产状attitude of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩脉dike, dgke2. 工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石构造structure of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩石结构texture of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩体rock mass2. 工程地质及勘察页岩shale2. 工程地质及勘察原生矿物primary mineral2. 工程地质及勘察云母mica2. 工程地质及勘察造岩矿物rock-forming mineral2. 工程地质及勘察褶皱fold, folding2. 工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil3. 土的分类超固结土overconsolidated soil3. 土的分类冲填土dredger fill3. 土的分类充重塑土3. 土的分类冻土frozen soil, tjaele3. 土的分类非饱和土unsaturated soil3. 土的分类分散性土dispersive soil3. 土的分类粉土silt, mo3. 土的分类粉质粘土silty clay3. 土的分类高岭石kaolinite3. 土的分类过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil3. 土的分类红粘土red clay, adamic earth3. 土的分类黄土loess, huangtu(China)3. 土的分类蒙脱石montmorillonite3. 土的分类泥炭peat, bog muck3. 土的分类年粘土clay3. 土的分类年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil3. 土的分类膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil3. 土的分类欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil3. 土的分类区域性土zonal soil3. 土的分类人工填土fill, artificial soil3. 土的分类软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle3. 土的分类砂土sand3. 土的分类湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess3. 土的分类素填土plain fill3. 土的分类塑性图plasticity chart3. 土的分类碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus 3. 土的分类未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay3. 土的分类无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil3. 土的分类岩石rock3. 土的分类伊利土illite3. 土的分类有机质土organic soil3. 土的分类淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush3. 土的分类淤泥质土mucky soil3. 土的分类原状土undisturbed soil3. 土的分类杂填土miscellaneous fill3. 土的分类正常固结土normally consolidated soil3. 土的分类正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil3. 土的分类自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits4. 土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation4. 土的物理性质饱和密度saturated density4. 土的物理性质饱和重度saturated unit weight4. 土的物理性质比重specific gravity4. 土的物理性质稠度consistency4. 土的物理性质不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient4. 土的物理性质触变thixotropy4. 土的物理性质单粒结构single-grained structure4. 土的物理性质蜂窝结构honeycomb structure4. 土的物理性质干重度dry unit weight4. 土的物理性质干密度dry density4. 土的物理性质塑性指数plasticity index4. 土的物理性质含水量water content, moisture content4. 土的物理性质活性指数4. 土的物理性质级配gradation, grading4. 土的物理性质结合水bound water, combined water, held water4. 土的物理性质界限含水量Atterberg limits4. 土的物理性质颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil 4. 土的物理性质可塑性plasticity4. 土的物理性质孔隙比void ratio4. 土的物理性质孔隙率porosity4. 土的物理性质粒度granularity, grainness, grainage4. 土的物理性质粒组fraction, size fraction4. 土的物理性质毛细管水capillary water4. 土的物理性质密度density4. 土的物理性质密实度compactionness4. 土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil4. 土的物理性质平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter4. 土的物理性质曲率系数coefficient of curvature4. 土的物理性质三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram4. 土的物理性质三相土tri-phase soil4. 土的物理性质湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure4. 土的物理性质湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility4. 土的物理性质缩限shrinkage limit4. 土的物理性质土的构造soil texture4. 土的物理性质土的结构soil structure4. 土的物理性质土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles4. 土的物理性质土中气air in soil4. 土的物理性质土中水water in soil4. 土的物理性质团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith4. 土的物理性质限定粒径constrained diameter4. 土的物理性质相对密度relative density, density index4. 土的物理性质相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction4. 土的物理性质絮状结构flocculent structure4. 土的物理性质压密系数coefficient of consolidation4. 土的物理性质压缩性compressibility4. 土的物理性质液限liquid limit4. 土的物理性质液性指数liquidity index4. 土的物理性质游离水（台）free water4. 土的物理性质有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size4. 土的物理性质有效密度effective density4. 土的物理性质有效重度effective unit weight4. 土的物理性质重力密度unit weight4. 土的物理性质自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water4. 土的物理性质组构fabric4. 土的物理性质最大干密度maximum dry density4. 土的物理性质最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law5. 渗透性和渗流管涌piping5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line5. 渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient5. 渗透性和渗流流函数flow function5. 渗透性和渗流流土flowing soil5. 渗透性和渗流流网flow net5. 渗透性和渗流砂沸sand boiling5. 渗透性和渗流渗流seepage5. 渗透性和渗流渗流量seepage discharge5. 渗透性和渗流渗流速度seepage velocity5. 渗透性和渗流渗透力seepage force5. 渗透性和渗流渗透破坏seepage failure5. 渗透性和渗流渗透系数coefficient of permeability5. 渗透性和渗流渗透性permeability5. 渗透性和渗流势函数potential function5. 渗透性和渗流水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation6. 地基应力和变形变形模量modulus of deformation6. 地基应力和变形泊松比Poisson s ratio6. 地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution6. 地基应力和变形残余变形residual deformation6. 地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形沉降settlement6. 地基应力和变形沉降比settlement ratio6. 地基应力和变形次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation6. 地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 6. 地基应力和变形分层总和法layerwise summation method6. 地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形附加应力superimposed stress6. 地基应力和变形割线模量secant modulus6. 地基应力和变形固结沉降consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification6. 地基应力和变形回弹变形rebound deformation6. 地基应力和变形回弹模量modulus of resilience6. 地基应力和变形回弹系数coefficient of resilience6. 地基应力和变形回弹指数swelling index6. 地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building6. 地基应力和变形剪胀dilatation6. 地基应力和变形角点法corner-points method6. 地基应力和变形孔隙气压力pore air pressure6. 地基应力和变形孔隙水压力pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B6. 地基应力和变形明德林解Mindlin s solution6. 地基应力和变形纽马克感应图Newmark chart6. 地基应力和变形切线模量tangent modulus6. 地基应力和变形蠕变creep6. 地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement 6. 地基应力和变形瞬时沉降immediate settlement6. 地基应力和变形塑性变形plastic deformation6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性变形elastic deformation6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性模量elastic modulus6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium6. 地基应力和变形体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus6. 地基应力和变形先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure6. 地基应力和变形压缩层6. 地基应力和变形压缩模量modulus of compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩系数coefficient of compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩性compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩指数compression index6. 地基应力和变形有效应力effective stress6. 地基应力和变形自重应力self-weight stress6. 地基应力和变形总应力total stress approach of shear strength6. 地基应力和变形最终沉降final settlement7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory7. 固结比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory7. 固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio7. 固结超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure7. 固结次固结secondary consolidation7. 固结次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin7. 固结单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation7. 固结多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation7. 固结固结consolidation7. 固结固结度degree of consolidation7. 固结固结理论theory of consolidation7. 固结固结曲线consolidation curve7. 固结固结速率rate of consolidation7. 固结固结系数coefficient of consolidation7. 固结固结压力consolidation pressure7. 固结回弹曲线rebound curve7. 固结井径比drain spacing ratio7. 固结井阻well resistance7. 固结曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect7. 固结潜变（台）creep7. 固结砂井sand drain7. 固结砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground7. 固结时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method7. 固结时间因子time factor7. 固结太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory7. 固结太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation7. 固结先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure7. 固结压密（台）consolidation7. 固结压密度（台）degree of consolidation7. 固结压缩曲线cpmpression curve7. 固结一维固结one dimensional consolidation7. 固结有效应力原理principle of effective stress7. 固结预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure7. 固结原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve7. 固结再压缩曲线recompression curve7. 固结主固结primary consolidation7. 固结主压密（台）primary consolidation7. 固结准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure7. 固结K0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose8. 抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength8. 抗剪强度残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度残余强度residual strength8. 抗剪强度长期强度long-term strength8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test8. 抗剪强度动强度dynamic strength of soils8. 抗剪强度峰值强度peak strength8. 抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter8. 抗剪强度剪切应变速率shear strain rate8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度shear strength8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength8. 抗剪强度库仑方程Coulomb s equation8. 抗剪强度摩尔包线Mohr s envelope8. 抗剪强度摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory8. 抗剪强度内摩擦角angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度年粘聚力cohesion8. 抗剪强度破裂角angle of rupture8. 抗剪强度破坏准则failure criterion8. 抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度vane strength8. 抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength8. 抗剪强度有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept8. 抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope8. 抗剪强度有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter8. 抗剪强度有效应力原理principle of effective stress8. 抗剪强度真内摩擦角true angle internal friction8. 抗剪强度真粘聚力true cohesion8. 抗剪强度总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope8. 抗剪强度总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model9. 本构模型边界面模型boundary surface model9. 本构模型层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model9. 本构模型超弹性模型hyperelastic model9. 本构模型德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion9. 本构模型邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model9. 本构模型动剪切强度9. 本构模型非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model9. 本构模型盖帽模型cap model9. 本构模型刚塑性模型rigid plastic model9. 本构模型割线模量secant modulus9. 本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion 9. 本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion9. 本构模型加工软化work softening9. 本构模型加工硬化work hardening9. 本构模型加工硬化定律strain harding law9. 本构模型剑桥模型Cambridge model9. 本构模型柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model9. 本构模型拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model9. 本构模型拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion9. 本构模型理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model9. 本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model9. 本构模型流变学模型rheological model9. 本构模型流动规则flow rule9. 本构模型摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory9. 本构模型年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model9. 本构模型切线模量tangent modulus9. 本构模型清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model9. 本构模型屈服面yield surface9. 本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 9. 本构模型双参数地基模型9. 本构模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion9. 本构模型双曲线模型hyperbolic model9. 本构模型松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion9. 本构模型塑性形变理论9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus9. 本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory9. 本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model9. 本构模型谈弹性变形elastic deformation9. 本构模型谈弹性模量elastic modulus9. 本构模型谈弹性模型elastic model9. 本构模型魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model9. 本构模型文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model9. 本构模型修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model9. 本构模型准弹性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure10. 地基承载力次层（台）substratum10. 地基承载力地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基稳定性stability of foundation soil10. 地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula10. 地基承载力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium10. 地基承载力加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio10. 地基承载力局部剪切破坏local shear failure10. 地基承载力临塑荷载critical edge pressure10. 地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula 10. 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory10. 地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula 10. 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory10. 地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式V esic s ultimate bearing capacity formula10. 地基承载力整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure11. 土压力被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure11. 土压力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium11. 土压力静止土压力earth pressue at rest11. 土压力静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest11. 土压力库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory11. 土压力库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction11. 土压力朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory11. 土压力朗肯状态Rankine state11. 土压力谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium11. 土压力土压力earth pressure11. 土压力主动土压力active earth pressure11. 土压力主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析安息角（台）angle of repose12. 土坡稳定分析毕肖普法Bishop method12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope12. 土坡稳定分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method12. 土坡稳定分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices12. 土坡稳定分析库尔曼法Culmann method12. 土坡稳定分析摩擦圆法friction circle method12. 土坡稳定分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method12. 土坡稳定分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope12. 土坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method12. 土坡稳定分析斯宾赛法Spencer method12. 土坡稳定分析泰勒法Taylor method12. 土坡稳定分析条分法slice method12. 土坡稳定分析土坡slope12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability 12. 土坡稳定分析休止角angle of repose12. 土坡稳定分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method12. 土坡稳定分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity13. 土的动力性质波的弥散特性dispersion of waves13. 土的动力性质波速法wave velocity method13. 土的动力性质材料阻尼material damping13. 土的动力性质初始液化initial liquefaction13. 土的动力性质地基固有周期natural period of soil site13. 土的动力性质动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils13. 土的动力性质动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq13. 土的动力性质动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor13. 土的动力性质动力性质dynamic properties of soils13. 土的动力性质动强度dynamic strength of soils13. 土的动力性质骨架波akeleton waves in soils13. 土的动力性质几何阻尼geometric damping13. 土的动力性质抗液化强度liquefaction stress13. 土的动力性质孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil13. 土的动力性质损耗角loss angle13. 土的动力性质往返活动性reciprocating activity13. 土的动力性质无量纲频率dimensionless frequency13. 土的动力性质液化liquefaction13. 土的动力性质液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential13. 土的动力性质液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction13. 土的动力性质应力波stress waves in soils13. 土的动力性质振陷dynamic settlement13. 土的动力性质阻尼damping of soil13. 土的动力性质阻尼比damping ratio14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall14. 挡土墙挡土墙排水设施14. 挡土墙挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall14. 挡土墙垛式挡土墙14. 挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall14. 挡土墙后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall14. 挡土墙基础墙foundation wall14. 挡土墙加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead14. 挡土墙锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall14. 挡土墙锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall14. 挡土墙悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall15. 板桩结构物板桩sheet pile15. 板桩结构物板桩结构sheet pile structure15. 板桩结构物钢板桩steel sheet pile15. 板桩结构物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile15. 板桩结构物钢桩steel pile15. 板桩结构物灌注桩cast-in-place pile15. 板桩结构物拉杆tie rod15. 板桩结构物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall15. 板桩结构物锚固技术anchoring15. 板桩结构物锚座Anchorage15. 板桩结构物木板桩wooden sheet pile15. 板桩结构物木桩timber piles15. 板桩结构物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts16. 基坑开挖与降水电渗法electro-osmotic drainage16. 基坑开挖与降水管涌piping16. 基坑开挖与降水基底隆起heave of base16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑降水dewatering16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑围护bracing of foundation pit16. 基坑开挖与降水减压井relief well16. 基坑开挖与降水降低地下水位法dewatering method16. 基坑开挖与降水井点系统well point system16. 基坑开挖与降水喷射井点eductor well point16. 基坑开挖与降水铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope 16. 基坑开挖与降水砂沸sand boiling16. 基坑开挖与降水深井点deep well point16. 基坑开挖与降水真空井点vacuum well point16. 基坑开挖与降水支撑围护braced cuts17. 浅基础杯形基础17. 浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation17. 浅基础持力层bearing stratum17. 浅基础次层（台）substratum17. 浅基础单独基础individual footing17. 浅基础倒梁法inverted beam method17. 浅基础刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 17. 浅基础刚性基础rigid foundation17. 浅基础高杯口基础17. 浅基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation17. 浅基础基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction17. 浅基础基底附加应力net foundation pressure17. 浅基础交叉条形基础cross strip footing17. 浅基础接触压力contact pressure17. 浅基础静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)17. 浅基础壳体基础shell foundation17. 浅基础扩展基础spread footing17. 浅基础片筏基础mat foundation17. 浅基础浅基础shallow foundation17. 浅基础墙下条形基础17. 浅基础热摩奇金法Zemochkin s method17. 浅基础柔性基础flexible foundation17. 浅基础上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis 17. 浅基础谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation 17. 浅基础条形基础strip footing17. 浅基础下卧层substratum17. 浅基础箱形基础box foundation17. 浅基础柱下条形基础18. 深基础贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile18. 深基础波动方程分析Wave equation analysis18. 深基础场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile18. 深基础沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile18. 深基础沉井基础open-end caisson foundation18. 深基础沉箱基础box caisson foundation18. 深基础成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile18. 深基础承台pile caps18. 深基础充盈系数fullness coefficient18. 深基础单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile18. 深基础单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile18. 深基础低桩承台low pile cap18. 深基础地下连续墙diaphgram wall18. 深基础点承桩（台）end-bearing pile18. 深基础动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula18. 深基础端承桩end-bearing pile18. 深基础法兰基灌注桩Franki pile18. 深基础负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile18. 深基础钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles18. 深基础钢桩steel pile18. 深基础高桩承台high-rise pile cap18. 深基础灌注桩cast-in-place pile18. 深基础横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles18. 深基础护壁泥浆slurry coat method18. 深基础回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile18. 深基础机挖异形灌注桩18. 深基础静力压桩silent piling18. 深基础抗拔桩uplift pile18. 深基础抗滑桩anti-slide pile18. 深基础摩擦桩friction pile18. 深基础木桩timber piles18. 深基础嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock18. 深基础群桩pile groups18. 深基础群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups18. 深基础群桩效应efficiency of pile groups18. 深基础群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 18. 深基础深基础deep foundation18. 深基础竖直群桩横向极限承载力18. 深基础无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile18. 深基础旋转挤压灌注桩18. 深基础桩piles18. 深基础桩基动测技术dynamic pile test18. 深基础钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation18. 深基础钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile18. 深基础钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile18. 深基础最后贯入度final set19. 地基处理表层压密法surface compaction19. 地基处理超载预压surcharge preloading19. 地基处理袋装砂井sand wick19. 地基处理地工织物geofabric, geotextile19. 地基处理地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment19. 地基处理电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting19. 地基处理电渗法electro-osmotic drainage19. 地基处理顶升纠偏法19. 地基处理定喷directional jet grouting19. 地基处理冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement19. 地基处理短桩处理treatment with short pile19. 地基处理堆载预压法preloading19. 地基处理粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method19. 地基处理复合地基composite foundation19. 地基处理干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile19. 地基处理高压喷射注浆法jet grounting19. 地基处理灌浆材料injection material19. 地基处理灌浆法grouting19. 地基处理硅化法silicification19. 地基处理夯实桩compacting pile19. 地基处理化学灌浆chemical grouting19. 地基处理换填法cushion19. 地基处理灰土桩lime soil pile19. 地基处理基础加压纠偏法19. 地基处理挤密灌浆compaction grouting19. 地基处理挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column19. 地基处理挤淤法displacement method19. 地基处理加筋法reinforcement method19. 地基处理加筋土reinforced earth19. 地基处理碱液法soda solution grouting19. 地基处理浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method19. 地基处理降低地下水位法dewatering method19. 地基处理纠偏技术19. 地基处理坑式托换pit underpinning19. 地基处理冷热处理法freezing and heating19. 地基处理锚固技术anchoring19. 地基处理锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning19. 地基处理排水固结法consolidation19. 地基处理膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment19. 地基处理劈裂灌浆fracture grouting19. 地基处理浅层处理shallow treatment19. 地基处理强夯法dynamic compaction19. 地基处理人工地基artificial foundation19. 地基处理容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure19. 地基处理褥垫pillow19. 地基处理软土地基soft clay ground19. 地基处理砂井sand drain19. 地基处理砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 19. 地基处理砂桩sand column19. 地基处理山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area19. 地基处理深层搅拌法deep mixing method19. 地基处理渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting19. 地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment19. 地基处理石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method19. 地基处理石灰桩lime column, limepile19. 地基处理树根桩root pile19. 地基处理水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio19. 地基处理水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method19. 地基处理水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting19. 地基处理塑料排水带plastic drain19. 地基处理碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar19. 地基处理掏土纠偏法19. 地基处理天然地基natural foundation19. 地基处理土工聚合物Geopolymer19. 地基处理土工织物geofabric, geotextile19. 地基处理土桩earth pile19. 地基处理托换技术underpinning technique19. 地基处理外掺剂additive19. 地基处理旋喷jet grouting19. 地基处理药液灌浆chemical grouting19. 地基处理预浸水法presoaking19. 地基处理预压法preloading19. 地基处理真空预压vacuum preloading19. 地基处理振冲法vibroflotation method19. 地基处理振冲密实法vibro-compaction19. 地基处理振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column19. 地基处理振冲置换法vibro-replacement19. 地基处理振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting19. 地基处理置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio19. 地基处理重锤夯实法tamping19. 地基处理桩式托换pile underpinning19. 地基处理桩土应力比stress ratio20. 动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity20. 动力机器基础等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test20. 动力机器基础地基固有周期natural period of soil site20. 动力机器基础动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method20. 动力机器基础动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor20. 动力机器基础隔振isolation20. 动力机器基础基础振动foundation vibration20. 动力机器基础基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibr ation20. 动力机器基础基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration 20. 动力机器基础基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation20. 动力机器基础集总参数法lumped parameter method20. 动力机器基础吸收系数absorption coefficient20. 动力机器基础质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system21. 地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site21. 地基基础抗震地震earthquake, seism, temblor21. 地基基础抗震地震持续时间duration of earthquake21. 地基基础抗震地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake 21. 地基基础抗震地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum21. 地基基础抗震地震烈度earthquake intensity21. 地基基础抗震地震震级earthquake magnitude21. 地基基础抗震地震卓越周期seismic predominant period21. 地基基础抗震地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake21. 地基基础抗震动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor21. 地基基础抗震对数递减率logrithmic decrement21. 地基基础抗震刚性系数coefficient of rigidity21. 地基基础抗震吸收系数absorption coefficient22. 室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test22. 室内土工试验变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test22. 室内土工试验不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验常规固结试验routine consolidation test22. 室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test22. 室内土工试验单剪仪simple shear apparatus22. 室内土工试验单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test22. 室内土工试验等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test22. 室内土工试验等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test22. 室内土工试验等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method22. 室内土工试验反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test22. 室内土工试验反压饱和法back pressure saturation method22. 室内土工试验高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test 22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test 22. 室内土工试验共振柱试验resonant column test22. 室内土工试验固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test22. 室内土工试验固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验固结试验consolidation test22. 室内土工试验含水量试验water content test22. 室内土工试验环剪试验ring shear test22. 室内土工试验黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test22. 室内土工试验击实试验22. 室内土工试验界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test22. 室内土工试验卡萨格兰德法Casagrande s method22. 室内土工试验颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test22. 室内土工试验孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test22. 室内土工试验快剪试验quick direct shear test22. 室内土工试验快速固结试验fast consolidation test22. 室内土工试验离心模型试验centrifugal model test22. 室内土工试验连续加荷固结试验continual loading test22. 室内土工试验慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test22. 室内土工试验毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test22. 室内土工试验密度试验density test22. 室内土工试验扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus22. 室内土工试验膨胀率试验swelling rate test22. 室内土工试验平面应变仪plane strain apparatus22. 室内土工试验三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test22. 室内土工试验三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test22. 室内土工试验砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test22. 室内土工试验筛分析sieve analysis。
土木工程英语专业词汇小集
土木工程专业词汇使用须知：请使用Ctrl+F进行搜索，方便查阅！土木（Civil），土木工程（Civil engineering），规划（planning），设计（design），施工（construction），结构（structures），土木工程师（Civil engineers），公共设施（public facilities），隧道（tunnels），大坝（dams），海港（harbors），电厂（power plants），给水（water），排水（sewage），公共交通（mass transit），管线（pipelines），工业的（industrial）、商业的（commercial），住宅的（residential），大型结构（large structures），专业（specialties），专业人员（specialists），电力管线（power lines），场地（site），测量（survey），绘（地形）图（map），岩土的（geotechnical），土工试验（soil experiments），环境的（environmental），地下水（groundwater ），交通（transportation ），结构的（structural），详细设计（detailed designs），设计图（plans），（设计）说明（specifications），施工管理（construction management），监督（supervise），协调（coordinate），材料（materials），人工（labor），费用（costs），估算（estimate）结构工程（structural engineering），设备基础（supports for equipment），滨海（offshore），项目（projects），特种结构（special structures ），发射塔（transmission towers），承受（resist），外力（forces ），自重（the own weight），风（wind），飓风（hurricane），温度（temperature），膨胀（expand），收缩（contract），地震（earthquake），砼（concrete），沥青（asphalt），砖（brick），水利工程（water resources engineering），防洪（prevent floods），供水（supply water ），灌溉（irrigation），维护（maintain ），运河（canals），水闸（locks），大型水电坝（huge hydroelectric dams），水围堰（water impoundments ），岩土工程（Geotechnical engineering），岩土特性分析（analyze the properties of soils and rocks），沉降（settlement），估计（evaluate），加强（strengthen），坡体（slopes），填土（fills），稳定（stability），结构抗震（protect structures against earthquakes），环境工程（environmental engineering），处理（treatment），指定倾倒场（special dump sites），清洁垃圾填埋（sanitary landfills），交通工程（transportation engineering），城市规划师（urban planners），管道工程（Pipeline engineering），安装（installation），强度（strength），压力（pressure）运输工程（transportation engineering），城市规划师（urban planners），管道工程（Pipeline engineering），安装（installation），强度（strength），压力（pressure），施工工程（construction engineering），业主（owners），小区与城市规划（Community and urban planning），开发（develop），摄像（Photogrametry），工程管理（engineering management），工程教学（engineering teaching），咨询（consultants）。
土木工程外文翻译(中英互译版)
使用加固纤维聚合物增强混凝土梁的延性Nabil F. Grace, George Abel-Sayed, Wael F. Ragheb摘要：一种为加强结构延性的新型单轴柔软加强质地的聚合物(FRP)已在被研究，开发和生产(在结构测试的中心在劳伦斯技术大学)。
这种织物是两种碳纤维和一种玻璃纤维的混合物，而且经过设计它们在受拉屈服时应变值较低，从而表达出伪延性的性能。
通过对八根混凝土梁在弯曲荷载作用下的加固和检测对研制中的织物的效果和延性进行了研究。
用现在常用的单向碳纤维薄片、织物和板进行加固的相似梁也进行了检测，以便同用研制中的织物加固梁进行性能上的比拟。
这种织物经过设计具有和加固梁中的钢筋同时屈服的潜力，从而和未加固梁一样，它也能得到屈服台阶。
相对于那些用现在常用的碳纤维加固体系进行加固的梁，这种研制中的织物加固的梁承受更高的屈服荷载，并且有更高的延性指标。
这种研制中的织物对加固机制表达出更大的奉献。
关键词：混凝土，延性，纤维加固，变形介绍外贴粘合纤维增强聚合物〔FRP〕片和条带近来已经被确定是一种对钢筋混凝土结构进行修复和加固的有效手段。
关于应用外贴粘合FRP板、薄片和织物对混凝土梁进行变形加固的钢筋混凝土梁的性能，一些试验研究调查已经进行过报告。
Saadatmanesh和Ehsani〔1991〕检测了应用玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)板进行变形加固的钢筋混凝土梁的性能。
Ritchie等人〔1991〕检测了应用GFRP，碳纤维增强聚合物〔CFRP〕和G/CFRP板进行变形加固的钢筋混凝土梁的性能。
Grace等人〔1999〕和Triantafillou〔1992〕研究了应用CFRP薄片进行变形加固的钢筋混凝土梁的性能。
Norris，Saadatmanesh和Ehsani〔1997〕研究了应用单向CFRP薄片和CFRP织物进行加固的混凝土梁的性能。
在所有的这些研究中，加固的梁比未加固的梁承受更高的极限荷载。
土木建筑工程英汉词典
土木建筑工程英汉词典背景介绍：土木建筑工程领域中有许多专业术语和词汇，这些术语和词汇对于从事土木建筑工程的专业人士来说非常重要。
本篇文章将为大家提供一份土木建筑工程英汉词典，帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些专业术语。
本土木建筑工程英汉词典收录了500个常用的土木建筑工程领域的词语，以下为部分词条示例：1. Foundation（n.）基础指建筑物的支撑部分，通常位于地面以下，负责承受和分散建筑物自身和外部荷载。
2. Reinforcement（n.）加固在混凝土结构中使用钢筋或纤维等材料，以提高混凝土的耐久性和承载能力。
3. Masonry（n.）砌筑使用砖块、石块等材料进行的建筑结构构造，常用于墙体、柱子等部位。
4. Excavation（n.）挖掘指将土壤或岩石等材料从土地中挖出并清除的过程，在土木工程中常用于基坑开挖、隧道建设等。
5. Framework（n.）框架支撑和构成建筑物或结构的框架，通常由柱子、梁和横梁等部分组成。
6. Shear strength（n.）剪切强度材料或结构在受剪应力作用下的抵抗能力，用于评估结构的稳定性和抗震性能。
7. Retaining wall（n.）挡土墙用于阻止土体侧向位移并支撑边坡、坑壁等结构的墙体构造。
8. Asphalt（n.）沥青一种黑色胶状物质，主要用作道路铺设和防水涂料。
9. Waterproofing（n.）防水处理对建筑物或结构进行防水处理，以保护其免受水的渗透和侵蚀。
10. Crane（n.）起重机一种用于起重和移动重物的设备，常用于建筑工地和港口。
以上只是部分词条，该土木建筑工程英汉词典还收录了更多与土木建筑工程相关的词汇，供读者参考。
总结：本土木建筑工程英汉词典收录了500个常用的土木建筑工程领域的词语，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些专业术语。
希望读者能够通过这份词典扩充土木建筑工程领域的专业词汇，提升自己的专业知识和能力。
土木工程 专英单词
1, ancestor ['ænsəstə] n. 祖宗,祖先2, arch [ɑ:tʃ]n. 弓形，拱形；拱门adj. 主要的vt. 使…弯成弓形；用拱连接vi. 拱起；成为弓形3, anchor ['æŋkə]n. 锚；抛锚停泊；靠山；新闻节目主播vt. 抛锚；使固定；主持节目vi. 抛锚adj. 末捧的；最后一棒的4, apparatus [,æpə'reitəs]n. 装置，设备；仪器；器官5, assemble [ə'sembl] vt. 集合，聚集；装配；收集vi. 集合，聚集6, automatically [,ɔ:tə'mætikəli]adv. 自动地；机械地；无意识地adj. 不经思索的7, automatic [,ɔ:tə'mætik]adj. 自动的；无意识的；必然的n. 自动机械；自动手枪8, 集中力集中力: concentrated force|single force潮汐集中力: tide concentrating force释义：集中力: power concentration|concentra tion power9, artificial [,ɑ:ti'fiʃəl]adj. 人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的10, alternative[ɔ:l'tə:nətiv]adj. 供选择的；选择性的；交替的n. 二中择一；供替代的选择11, aging ['eidʒiŋ]n. 老化；陈化，熟化12, approach [ə'prəutʃ]n. 方法；途径；接近vt. 接近；着手处理vi. 靠近13, accomplish [ə'kʌmpliʃ, ə'kɔm-]vt. 完成；实现；达到14, aqueduct ['ækwidʌkt]n. 渡槽；导水管；沟渠15, bits齿片16, bits and pieces零碎东西17, brief [bri:f]adj. 简短的，简洁的；短暂的，草率的n. 摘要，简报；概要，诉书vt. 简报，摘要；作…的提要18, barring ['bɑ:riŋ]prep. 除非；不包括；除…以外v. 阻拦（bar的ing形式）19, barrier ['bæriə]n. 障碍物，屏障；界线vt. 把…关入栅栏20, bullet ['bulit]n. 子弹；只选某党全部候选人的投票；[美俚]豆子vi. 射出；迅速行进21, bolt [bəult]n. 螺栓；闪电；门闩；弩箭vt. 囫囵吞下；上门闩vi. 逃跑；冲出adv. 突然地；直立地22, brick [brik]n. 砖，砖块；砖形物；[口]心肠好的人vt. 用砖砌adj. 用砖做的；似砖的23, blad [blæd]vt. （苏格兰）打击；损坏n. 打击；片断24, bleak [bli:k]adj. 阴冷的；荒凉的，无遮蔽的；黯淡的，无希望的；冷酷的；单调的25, bulkhead ['bʌkhed]n. 隔板；防水壁26, boom [bu:m]vt. 使兴旺；发隆隆声vi. 急速发展；发隆隆声n. 繁荣；吊杆；隆隆声27, bundle ['bʌndl]n. 束；捆vt. 捆vi. 匆忙离开28, burgeoning ['bə:dʒəniŋ]adj. 增长迅速的；生机勃勃的v. 成长（burgeon的ing形式）；迅速发展29, burgeon ['bə:dʒən] vi. 萌芽vt. 发芽n. 嫩枝30, bars [ba:z]n. 酒吧（bar的复数形式）；（木、金属等的）条；栅栏；马齿龈31, bend [bend]vt. 使弯曲；使屈服；使致力；使朝向vi. 弯曲，转弯；屈服；倾向；专心于n. 弯曲32, civilization [,sivilai'zeiʃən, -li'z-]n. 文明；文化33, cutler ['kʌtlə]n. 刀匠；刀剪商34, channel ['tʃænəl] vt. 引导，开导；形成河道n. 通道；频道；海峡35, coat [kəut]n. 外套vt. 覆盖…的表面36, compact [kəm'pækt,'kɔmpækt]n. 合同，契约；小粉盒adj. 紧凑的，紧密的；简洁的vt. 使简洁；使紧密结合37, cap [kæp]n. 帽子,盖子v. 给戴帽,覆盖于…顶端38, collapse [kə'læps]vi. 倒塌；瓦解；暴跌vt. 使倒塌，使崩溃；使萎陷n. 倒塌；失败；衰竭39, crack [kræk]vt. 使破裂；打开；变声vi. 破裂；爆裂n. 裂缝；声变；噼啪声adj. 最好的；高明的40, clay [klei]n. 粘土；泥土；肉体；似黏土的东西vt. 用黏土处理41, concrete [kən'kri:t,'kɔnkri:t]adj. 混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的vi. 凝结vt. 使凝固；用混凝土修筑n. 具体物；凝结物42, cavity ['kævəti]n. 腔；洞，凹处43, crucial ['kru:ʃəl]adj. 重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的44, cement [si'ment]vt. 巩固，加强；用水泥涂；接合vi. 粘牢n. 水泥；接合剂45, continent ['kɔntinənt]n. 大陆，洲，陆地adj. 自制的，克制的46, currently ['kʌrəntli]adv. 当前；一般地47, chunnel ['tʃʌnəl]n. 海底隧道48, chalk [tʃɔ:k]vt. 用粉笔写；用白垩粉擦；记录；规划n. 粉笔；白垩；用粉笔划的记号adj. 用粉笔写的vi. 变成白垩状49, cylinder ['silində]n. 圆筒；汽缸；柱面；圆柱状物50, clue [klu:]n. 线索；（故事等的）情节vt. 为…提供线索；[口]为…提供情况51, clam [klæm]vi. 捞蛤n. 蛤；沉默寡言的人；钳子52, crystal ['kristəl]n. 结晶，晶体；水晶；水晶饰品adj. 水晶的；透明的，清澈的53, contest ['kɔntest, kən'test]vt. 争辩；提出质疑vi. 竞争；争辩n. 竞赛；争夺；争论54, crew [kru:]n. 队，组；全体人员，全体船员vi. 一起工作vt. 使当船员55, curtain ['kə:tən]n. 窗帘56, chill [tʃil]n. 寒冷,寒意,失意a. 寒冷的,冷漠的v. 使...寒心,冷冻57, confront [kən'frʌnt]v. 面对,对抗,遭遇58, 抗压resist compression59, divide [di'vaid]v. 除,分割,划分,隔开60, disaster [di'zɑ:stə]n. 灾难61, domain [dəu'mein] n. 领域[计算机] 域62, dynamite['dainəmait]n. 炸药63, drill [dril]n. 钻孔机,钻子,播种机v. 训练,钻孔64, disintegration[dis,inti'greiʃən]n. 瓦解65, disintegrate[dis'intigreit]v. (使)粉碎,(使)碎裂,解体,瓦解vt. 瓦解,崩溃66, deteriorate[di'tiəriəreit]v. 恶化67, daunting [dɔ:ntiŋ]a. 令人畏惧的68, dam [dæm]n. 水坝69, distant ['distənt]a. 遥远的,远的70, ditch [ditʃ]n. 沟渠v. 坠沟中71, dormant ['dɔ:mənt]a. 睡眠状态的,静止的[计算机] 静止的72, diameter[dai'æmitə]n. 直径73, dump [dʌmp]n. 垃圾场v. 倾卸,切断电源,倾倒74, devise [di'vaiz]v. 设计75, 结构设计rchitectonicsphysical design76, deliver [di'livə]v. 递送,表达,释放,交付,接生77, durable ['djuərəbl]a. 耐久的n. 耐用品78, dwarf [dwɔ:f]n. 矮子,侏儒79, duct [dʌkt]n. 管道,导管80, disruptive [dis'rʌptiv]a. 捣乱的,破坏性的,制造混乱的81, dock [dɔk]n. 码头,船坞v. 靠码头,入坞82, drain [drein]n. 下水道,排水沟,消耗v. 耗尽,排出沟外83, drainage ['dreinid ʒ]v. 排水n. 排水系统,污水84, draining ['dreiniŋ] 排水泄水排泄85, distortion [dis'tɔ:ʃən]n. 扭曲,变形,曲解86, district ['distrikt]n. 区,地区,行政区v. 区,区域,地区87, desperate ['despərit]a. 不顾一切的,绝望的88, desperatelyad. 拼命地(极严重地,厉害地) 89, deflection [di'flekʃən]n. 歪斜,偏,偏向90, drastic ['dræstik]a. 激烈的,猛烈的91, evolution [,i:və'lu:ʃən, ,evə-]n. 进化,发展,进展92, escape [is'keip]n. 逃亡,避难设备v. 逃脱,避开,溜走[计算机] 换码93, enterprise['entəpraiz]n. 企业,事业94, excavation[,ekskə'veiʃən]n. 挖掘,发掘,挖掘的洞95, extension [iks'tenʃən]n. 延长,扩充,范围96, endorse [in'dɔ:s]v. 支持,赞同,背书于97, entire [in'taiə]a. 全部的,整个的98, entirely[in'taiəli]ad. 完全地99, eventually [i'ventjʊəli]ad. 终于,最后100, eddy ['edi]n. 逆流,漩涡v. 起漩涡101, exert [ig'zə:t]v. 发挥,运用,施以影响102, accumulatedadj. 累积的；累计的；达到v. 累积（accumulate的过去分词）103, explosive[ik'spləusiv]adj. 爆炸的；爆炸性的；爆发性的n. 炸药；爆炸物104, escalate['eskəleit]vi. 逐步增强；逐步升高vt. 使逐步上升105, escalating trend上升趋势106, escalatingv. 逐步上升（escalate的ing形式）107, equivalent[i'kwivələnt]adj. 等价的，相等的；同意义的n. 等价物，相等物108, evaporate [i'væpəreit]vt. 使……蒸发；使……脱水；使……消失vi. 蒸发，挥发；消失，失踪109, enormous [i'n ɔ:məs]adj. 庞大的，巨大的；凶暴的，极恶的110, elevator ['eliveitə]n. 电梯；升降机；升降舵；起卸机111, embed [im'bed]vt. 栽种；使嵌入，使插入；使深留脑中112, empower [im'pauə] vt. 授权，允许；使能够113, encroach [in'krəut ʃ]vi. 侵占；蚕食；侵蚀vt. 侵犯114, 抗剪[kàng jiǎn]shear shearresisting shear resisting shear resisting shear resisting shear115, 抗弯[kàng wān]bending resistance bending resistance bending resistance bending resistanceanti-bendinganti-bending116, 抗扭[kàng niǔ]antitorque antitorque117, 刚度[gāng dù]rigidityseveritystiffness118, 强度[qiáng dù]strength strengthintensity intensityintension intension119, 挠度[náo dù]deflection deflectionbending bendingbend bendunder load underload under load underload120, 压力[yā lì]pressure121, 弯矩[wān jǔ]{力} bending moment122, 扭矩torsion torsiontorque torquetwist twistmoment of torsionmoment of torsionmoment of torsionmoment of torsionmoment of torsionmoment of torsion123, 剪力[jiǎn lì]shearing forceshearing forceshearing forceshearing forceshear force shearforce shear forceshear force124, 应力stress stress125, 应变{物} strain{物}strainmeet an emergencymeet an emergencymeet an emergencymeet an emergencymeet an emergencymeet an emergency126, infrastucturen. 底层结构127, initial [i'niʃəl]adj. 最初的；字首的vt. 用姓名的首字母签名n. 词首大写字母128, intact [in'tækt]adj. 完整的；原封不动的；未受损伤的129, interrupt [,intə'rʌpt]vt. 中断；打断；插嘴；妨碍vi. 打断；打扰n. 中断130, indispensable[,indis'pensəbl]adj. 不可缺少的；绝对必要的；责无旁贷的n. 不可缺少之物；必不可少的人131, intensive [in'tensiv]adj. 加强的；集中的；透彻的；[语法]加强语气的n. 加强器132, 荷载[hâ zài]load load133, 均布荷载[jūn bùhâ zài]even load even load even load even load uniform ( distributed ) load uniform ( distributed ) load uniform ( distributed ) load uniform ( distributed ) load uniform ( distributed ) load uniform ( distributed ) load134, inevitably [in'evitəbli]adv. 不可避免地；必然地135, inspection [in'spekʃən]n. 视察，检查136, indication [,indi'keiʃən]n. 指示，指出；迹象；象征137, indicator ['indikeitə]n. 指示器；[化]指示剂；[计]指示符；压力计138, irrigation [,iri'ɡeiʃən]n. 灌溉；冲洗；【医】冲洗法139, investigate[in'vestiɡeit]v. 调查；研究140, impervious[im'pə:viəs]adj. 不受影响的，无动于衷的；不能渗透的141, intersect[,intə'sekt]vi. 相交，交叉vt. 横断，横切；贯穿142, framework['freimwə:k]n. 框架，骨架；结构，构架143, frenzy ['frenzi]n. 狂暴；狂怒；暴怒vt. 使发狂；使狂怒144, fragment['fræɡmənt]n. 碎片；片断或不完整部分vt. 使成碎片vi. 破碎或裂开145, gravity ['ɡræviti]n. 重力，地心引力；严重性；庄严146, ferry ['feri]n. 渡船；摆渡；渡口vt. （乘渡船）渡过；用渡船运送；空运vi. 摆渡；来往行驶147, horizontally [,hɔri'zɔntli]adv. 水平地；地平地148, hydraulic [hai'drɔ:lik]adj. 液压的；水力的；水力学的149, geology [dʒi'ɔlədʒi]n. 地质学；地质情况150, function ['fʌŋkʃən]n. 功能；函数；职责；盛大的集会vi. 运行；活动；行使职责151, giant ['dʒaiənt]n. 巨人；伟人；巨大的动物adj. 巨大的；巨人般的152, fume [fju:m]vi. 冒烟；发怒vt. 熏；冒烟；愤怒地说n. 烟；愤怒，烦恼153, groofgroof: 顶层154, graphic ['ɡræfik]adj. 形象的；图表的；绘画似的155, formidable ['fɔ:midəbl]adj. 强大的；可怕的；令人敬畏的；艰难的156, foundation[faun'deiʃən]n. 基础；地基；基金会；根据；创立157, hesitant ['hezitənt]adj. 迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不定的158, flatness ['flætnis]n. 平坦；单调；断然的态度159, gage [ɡeidʒ]vt. 以…为担保；以…为赌注n. 计量器；挑战；抵押品160, girder ['ɡə:də]n. [建]大梁，纵梁161, fatal ['feitl] adj. 致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的162, havoc ['hævək]n. 大破坏；浩劫；蹂躏vt. 严重破坏vi. 损毁163, facility [fə'siliti]n. 设施；设备；容易；灵巧164, gigantic [,dʒai'ɡæntik]adj. 巨大的，庞大的165, recipe ['resipi] n. 食谱；[医]处方；秘诀166, grout [ɡraut]vt. 灌浆；用薄泥浆填塞n. 水泥浆；薄浆167, fiber ['faibə]n. 纤维；光纤（等于fibre）168, reclaim [ri'kleim]vt. 开拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改vi. 抗议，喊叫n. 改造，感化；[化]再生胶169, loom [lu:m]n. 织布机；若隐若现的景象vi. 可怕地出现；朦胧地出现；隐约可见vt. 在织布机上织170, launch [lɔ:ntʃ,lɑ:ntʃ]vt. 发射（导弹、火箭等）；发起，发动；使…下水vi. 开始；下水；起飞n. 发射；发行，投放市场；下水；汽艇171, launchedv. 启动；发射；开始（launch的过去式，过去分词）；下水172, mobilize['məubilaiz]vt. 动员，调动；集合，组织；使…流通；使…松动vi. 组织；动员起来173, navigation[,nævi'ɡeiʃən]n. 航行；航海174, lumber ['lʌmbə]vi. 伐木；喧闹地向前走；笨重地行动，缓慢地移动vt. 砍伐木材；乱堆n. 木材；废物，无用的杂物；隆隆声175, mill [mil]vi. 乱转；被碾磨n. 工厂；磨坊；磨粉机；制造厂；压榨机vt. 搅拌；碾磨；磨细；使乱转176, led [led]v. 领导；通向；指引（lead的过去分词）177, millimeter['mili,mi:tə]n. 毫米178, notion ['nəuʃən]n. 概念；见解；打算179, manufacturer[,mænju'fæktʃərə]n. 制造商；厂商180, metropolitan[,metrə'pɔlitən]adj. 大都市的；大主教辖区的；宗主国的n. 大城市人；大主教；宗主国的公民181, machinery [mə'ʃi:nəri]n. 机械；机器；机构；机械装置182, laser ['leizə]n. 激光183, mighty ['maiti]adj. 有力的；强有力的；有势力的adv. 很；极；非常n. 有势力的人184, mentality [men'tæləti]n. 心态；智力；精神力；头脑作用185, mammoth ['mæməθ] n. 长毛象；猛犸象；庞然大物adj. 巨大的，庞大的；猛犸似的1, magnitude ['mæɡnitju:d]n. 大小；量级；震级；重要；光度2, monolithic [,mɔnə'liθik]a. 独石的,完全统一的,整体的3, leak [li:k]n. 泄漏；漏洞，裂缝vt. 使渗漏，泄露vi. 漏，渗；泄漏出去4, maze [meiz]n. 迷宫；迷惑；糊涂vt. 迷失；使混乱；使困惑5, likelihood ['laiklihud]n. 可能性，可能6, plague [pleiɡ]n. 瘟疫；灾祸；麻烦；讨厌的人vt. 折磨；使苦恼；使得灾祸7, primitive['primitiv]adj. 原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的n. 原始人8, precursor[pri:'kə:sə, pri-]n. 先驱，前导9, prototype['prəutətaip]n. 原型；标准，模范10, pit [pit]n. 矿井；深坑；陷阱；（物体或人体表面上的）凹陷；（英国剧场的）正厅后排；正厅后排的观众vt. 使竞争；窖藏；使凹下；去…之核；使留疤痕vi. 凹陷；起凹点11, proceed [prəu'si:d]vi. 开始；继续进行；发生；行进12, penetration[,peni'treiʃən]n. 渗透；突破；侵入；洞察力13, pulverize ['pʌlvəraiz]vt. 粉碎；使成粉末；研磨14, peak [pi:k]n. 山峰；最高点；顶点；帽舌vt. 使达到最高点；使竖起vi. 消瘦；到达最高点；变憔悴adj. 最高的；最大值的15, pontoon [pɔn'tu:n]n. 浮筒；浮码头；浮舟；驳船vt. 架浮桥于16, precise [pri'sais]adj. 精确的；明确的；严格的17, precision [pri'siʒən]n. 精度，精密度；精确adj. 精密的，精确的18, profile ['prəufail]n. 侧面；轮廓；外形；剖面19, prosperity [prɔs'periti]n. 繁荣，成功20, plunge [plʌndʒ]n. 钻进,跳进,跳水v. 投入,跳进,使...陷入21, pillar ['pilə]n. 柱子，柱形物；栋梁；墩vt. 用柱支持22, piersn. 支墩，支柱；防洪堤（pier的复数形式）23, pier [piə]n. 码头24, oscillation [,ɔsi'leiʃən]n. [物]振荡；振动；摆动25, placement['pleismənt]n. 布置；定位球；人员配置26, pipes [paips]n. 管线，管道；管子（pipe 复数形式）v. 吹奏管乐；尖声叫嚷（pipe的第三人称单数形式）27, pictorial [pik't ɔ:riəl]adj. 绘画的；形象化的n. 画报；画刊28, pump [pʌmp]vt. 打气；用抽水机抽… n. 泵，抽水机；打气筒vi. 抽水29, priority [prai'ɔrəti]n. 优先；优先权；优先次序；优先考虑的事30, plumb [plʌm]vt. 使垂直；探测，探索n. 垂直；铅锤adv. 恰恰，正；垂直地vi. 当管子工adj. 垂直的31, optical ['ɔptikəl] adj. 光学的；眼睛的，视觉的32, offshore ['ɔf'ʃɔ:, 'ɔ:-]adj. 离岸的；近海的；吹向海面的adv. 向海面，向海33, technical ['teknikəl] adj. 工艺的，科技的；技术上的；专门的34, tunnel ['tʌnəl]n. 隧道；坑道；洞穴通道vt. 挖；在…打开通道；在…挖掘隧道vi. 挖掘隧道；打开通道35, sprang [spræŋ]v. 跳跃；弹起（spring的过去式）n. 网眼；网眼编织法36, structure ['strʌktʃə]n. 结构；构造；建筑物vt. 组织；构成；建造37, steel [sti:l]n. 钢铁；钢制品；坚固vt. 钢化；使冷酷adj. 钢制的；钢铁业的；坚强的38, seepage ['si:pidʒ]n. 渗流；渗漏；渗液39, transform [træns'fɔ:m, trænz-, trɑ:n-]vt. 改变，使…变形；转换vi. 变换，改变；转化40, spray [sprei]n. 喷雾；喷雾器；水沫vt. 喷射vi. 喷41, shrink [ʃriŋk]vi. 收缩；畏缩vt. 使缩小，使收缩n. 收缩42, stability[stə'biliti]n. 稳定性；坚定，恒心43, rod [rɔd]n. 棒；惩罚；枝条；权力44, sheet [ʃi:t]n. 薄片，纸张；薄板；床单vt. 覆盖；盖上被单；使成大片vi. 成片流动；大片落下adj. 片状的45, strait [streit]adj. 狭窄的；苦恼的n. 海峡；困境46, trigger ['triɡə]vt. 引发，引起；触发vi. 松开扳柄n. 扳机；触发器；制滑机47, symbolically [sim'bɔlikəli]adv. 象征性地；象征意义地48, strictly['striktli]adv. 严格地；完全地；确实地49, technique[tek'ni:k]n. 技巧，技术；手法50, rotate [rəu'teit,'rəut-, 'rəuteit]vi. 旋转；循环vt. 使旋转；使转动；使轮流adj. 辐状的51, rim [rim]n. 边，边缘；轮辋；圆圈vi. 作…的边，装边于vt. 作…的边，装边于52, shield [ʃi:ld]n. 盾；防护物；保护者vt. 遮蔽；包庇；避开；保卫vi. 防御；起保护作用53, trail [treil]vt. 追踪；拖；蔓延；落后于n. 小径；痕迹；尾部；踪迹vi. 飘出；蔓生；垂下；拖曳54, stratum ['streitəm, 'stræ-, 'strɑ:-]n. [生]（组织的）层；[地]地层；社会阶层55, skyscraper ['skai,skreipə]n. 摩天楼，超高层大楼；特别高的东西56, sewer ['sjuə, 'su:ə] n. 下水道；阴沟；裁缝师vt. 为…铺设污水管道；用下水道排除…的污水vi. 清洗污水管57, tongue [tʌŋ]n. 舌头；语言vt. 舔；斥责；用舌吹vi. 说话；吹管乐器58, thundering ['θʌndəriŋ]adj. 如雷鸣的；非常的；异乎寻常的adv. 非常，异常n. 打雷v. 打雷；发出雷鸣般声响；大声吼叫（thunder的ing形式）59, reinforcing[,ri:in'fɔ:siŋ]vt. 加强（reinforce的ing形式）60, reinforcing bar钢筋61, reinforcing steel钢筋62, 箍筋[gū jīn]stirrup stirruphooping hooping63, subside [səb'said]vi. 平息；减弱；沉淀；[口]坐下64, tremendous[tri'mendəs]adj. 极大的，巨大的；惊人的65, representation[,reprizen'teiʃən]n. 代表；表现；表示法；陈述66, thrust [θrʌst]n. 推力,刺,力推v. 插入,推挤,刺67, stretch [stretʃ]vt. 伸展,张开vi. 伸展adj. 可伸缩的n. 伸展，延伸68, trap [træp]vt. 诱捕；使…受限制；使…陷入困境n. 陷阱；圈套；存水弯vi. 设陷阱69, simulation[,simju'leiʃən]模拟,仿真70, refrigerate[ri'fridʒəreit]v. 冷藏,使冷vt. 冷冻,冷藏71, relevantly['relivəntli]adv. 贴切地；得要领地72, splendid['splendid]a. 极好的73, sink [siŋk]n. 接收端,沟渠,污水槽v. 下沉,使...低落,陷于74, wap [wɔp, wæp]vt. 打，击；投掷vi. 打，击；投掷75, uniting[,ju'naitiŋ]n. 合并v. 使团结；使联合；使结婚（unite的现在分词）76, unify ['ju:nifai]vt. 统一；使相同，使一致77, vertical['və:tikəl]a. 垂直的n. 垂直线78, unstable ['ʌn'steibl]a. 不稳定的79, worm [wə:m]n. 虫，蠕虫；蜗杆；螺纹；小人物vt. 使蠕动；给除虫；使缓慢前进vi. 慢慢前进；蠕行80, ventilate ['ventileit]vt. 使通风；给…装通风设备；宣布81, warehouse ['wєəhaus]n. 仓库v. 存入仓库82, valvesn. 阀门；瓣膜（valve的复数）；真空管v. 装阀于…；以活门调节（valve的三单形式）83, variation [,vεəri'eiʃən]n. 变化；变异，变种84, visible ['vizəbl] adj. 明显的；看得见的；现有的；可得到的n. 可见物；进出口贸易中的有形项目85, wreak [ri:k]vt. 发泄；报仇86, vinyl ['vainil]n. [化]乙烯基87, volume ['vɔlju:m]n. 量；体积；卷；音量；大量；册adj. 大量的vi. 成团卷起vt. 把…收集成卷88, upstream ['ʌp'stri:m]向上游,逆流地89, upward ['ʌpwəd]adj. 向上的；上升的adv. 向上90, vibrate [vai'breit]vi. 振动；颤动；摇摆；踌躇vt. 使振动；使颤动91, conceive [kən'si:v]vt. 怀孕；构思；以为；持有vi. 怀孕；设想；考虑92, construction[kən'strʌkʃən]n. 建设；建筑物；解释；造句93, consist of由…构成94, criticsn. 评论家；批评者；吹毛求疵的人（critic的复数）95, cope [kəup]v. (with)竞争,对抗,对付,妥善处理vi. 对付,妥善处理96, carbidecarbide: 碳化物|炭化物|碳化合金cemented carbide: 硬质合金|烧结硬质合金|硬质合金烧结碳化物tungsten carbide: 碳化钨|炭化钨|硬质合金97, component[kəm'pəunənt]adj. 组成的，构成的n. 成分；组件；元件98, comparatively[kəm'pærətivli]adv. 比较地；相当地99, capacity[kə'pæsəti]n. 能力；容量；资格，地位；生产力100, crown [kraun]n. 王冠；花冠；王权；顶点vt. 加冕；居…之顶；表彰；使圆满完成101, cast [kɑ:s, kæst]vt. 投，抛；计算；浇铸；投射（光、影、视线等）n. 投掷，抛；铸件，铸型；演员阵容；脱落物vi. 投，抛垂钓鱼钩；计算，把几个数字加起来102, continuousadj. 连续的，持续的；继续的；连绵不断的103, cable ['keibl]n. 电缆；海底电报vt. 打电报vi. 打海底电报104, consistency [kən'sistənsi]n. 稠度(一致性,相容性)105, crane [krein]n. 吊车，起重机；鹤vi. 伸着脖子看；迟疑，踌躇vt. 用起重机起吊；伸长脖子106, cracked [krækt]a. 破碎的,破裂的,声音嘶哑的107, chloride ['kl ɔ:raid]n. 氯化物108, curriculum [kə'rikjuləm]n. 课程109, cascade [kæs'keid] n. 层叠；小瀑布；喷流vi. 像瀑布般冲下或倾泻v. 使瀑布似地落下110, canal [kə'næl]n. 运河；水道；管道；灌溉水渠vt. 在…开凿运河111, resist [ri'zist] vi. 抵抗，抗拒；忍耐vt. 抵抗；忍耐，忍住n. 抗蚀剂；防染剂112, subterranean [,sʌbtə'reiniən]adj. 地下的；秘密的；隐蔽的n. 地下工作者113, stratan. 层；地层；阶层114, segment ['seɡmənt,seɡ'ment, 'seɡment]vi. 分割n. 段；部分vt. 分割115, shaftn. 拍杆；轴；箭杆；杆状物vt. 利用；在……上装杆116, shipworm ['ʃipwə:m]n. 船蛆117, shell [ʃel]n. 壳，贝壳；炮弹；外形vi. 剥落；[计]设定命令行解释器的位置vt. 剥皮；炮轰118, toughen ['tʌfn]v. 使...坚韧,使...顽固119, simultaneously[saiməl'teiniəsli]adv. 同时地120, sensor ['sensə, -sɔ:]n. 传感器121, tungsten ['tʌŋstən]n. 钨（一种金属元素）122, sewage ['sju(:)idʒ]n. 脏水,污水123, showcase ['ʃəukeis]n. 陈列橱，陈列柜；显示优点的东西vt. 使展现；在玻璃橱窗陈列124, temporarily['tempərərili]a. 临时的ad. 暂时地,临时地125, strung [strʌŋ]v. 捆扎，系上（string的过去式和过去分词）；收紧126, string [striŋ]n. 线，细绳；一串，一行vt. 扎，缚；使排成一列，串起；伸展，拉直vi. 连成一串；排成一列127, tow [təu]n. 拖,拖曳所用之绳,麻的粗纤维v. 拖,曳128, shallow ['ʃæləu]adj. 浅的；肤浅的n. 浅滩vt. 使变浅vi. 变浅129, submerge [səb'mə:dʒ]vt. 淹没；把…浸入；沉浸vi. 淹没；潜入水中；湮没130, sonar ['səunɑ:]n. 声纳131, ram [ræm]abbr. 随机存取存储器（random access memory的缩写）；随机访问内存（random-access memory的缩写）132, temporary ['tempərəri]adj. 暂时的，临时的n. 临时工，临时雇员133, thereafter [,ðεər'ɑ:ftə, -'æf-] adv. 其后；从那时以后134, span [/spæn/]n. 跨度，跨距；范围vt. 跨越；持续；以手指测量135, suspension [sə'spenʃən]n. 悬浮；暂停；停职136, rotary ['rəutəri] adj. 旋转的，转动的；轮流的n. 旋转式机器；转缸式发动机137, slip [slip]vi. 滑动；滑倒；犯错；失足；减退vt. 使滑动；滑过；摆脱；塞入；闪开n. 滑，滑倒；片，纸片；错误；下跌；事故adj. 滑动的；有活结的；活络的abbr. 串行线路接口协议，是旧式的协议（Serial Line Interface Protocol）138, submarine ['sʌbməri:n, ,sʌbmə'ri:n]n. 潜水艇；海底生物adj. 海底的；水下的vt. 用潜水艇攻击vi. 在下疾行；在下滑动139, ribbon ['ribən]n. 带；缎带；（勋章等的）绶带；带状物；[军]勋表vi. 形成带状vt. 把…撕成条带；用缎带装饰140, twist [twist]n. 一扭,扭曲v. 拧,扭曲141, rhythmic ['riðmik,'riθ-]adj. 有节奏的（等于rhythmical）；间歇的；合拍的n. 韵律论（等于rhythmics）142, truss [trʌs]n. (干草的)一捆, 一束,构架143, trace [treis]n. 痕迹,踪迹,微量v. 追踪,回溯,描绘144, strip [strip]vt. 剥夺；剥去；脱去衣服n. 带；条状；脱衣舞vi. 脱去衣服145, spiral ['spaiərəl]n. 螺旋；旋涡；螺旋形之物adj. 螺旋形的；盘旋的vt. 使成螺旋形；使作螺旋形上升vi. 盘旋；成螺旋形；螺旋形上升（过去式spiraled/spiralled，过去分词spiraled/spiralled，现在分词spiraling/spiralling，第三人称单数spirals，副词spirally）146, sanitation[sæni'teiʃən]n. 环境卫生(卫生设备,下水道设备)147, reservoir['rezəvwɑ:]n. 水库；蓄水池148, shift [ʃift]n. 移动；变化；手段；轮班vi. 移动；转变；转换vt. 转移；改变；替换。
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2.4 开启功能修复解放桥中跨为开启跨，开启系统为施尔泽尔（Scherzer）式。
这一系统通过电动机的动力输送，由齿轮组、动轮、齿条、弧形梁、平衡重密切的配合运动，使得末端齿轮轴的水平移动转化成扇形齿在固定齿梁上的滚动，这一随着开启角度而变化的转动轴，使桥梁在开启过程中，整个开启跨结构围绕转动轴处于受力的平衡状态，使桥梁有控制地徐徐向后仰起完成开启动作。
桥梁开启后，两墩之间有42.7m的自由航道。
2.4 Repairing of the movable functionThe middle span of Liberation Bridge is a movable span whose movable system is Scherzer’s pattern. The opening system is driven by an electric motor. With the team motion of gear set, driving wheel, rack, curved beam and balance weight, horizontal motion of the gear shaft can be converted to be the roll of gear sector on fixed gear whose position varies with opening angle. Bridge structure is on the state of equilibrium with respect to the rotation axis when opening, which make it possible to open the bridge deck gradually in a controllable way. The width of free waterway is about 42.7m after bridge deck is opened.解放桥开启系统严格按照原开启方式恢复，主要通过三步工作来实现。
1.通过实地考察、勘查与了解，明确解放桥的开启系统原理，完成开启系统的设计工作。
The opening system is repaired strictly according to the former opening pattern, and the repairing procedure can be divided into three steps as follows:1. After field investigation and exploration, design the opening system with clearly comprehending the principle of opening system of Liberation Bridge.2.安装调试(1).车间内初安装调试在车间内首先对每个传动部件进行初安装，调整好齿轮、支承件的位置与间隙，并在各个支承部件处加润滑脂，保证部件转动灵活；在车间内搭设辅助初调试平台，将所有上桥传动部件放在车间内的辅助初调试平台上，单侧活动跨的整体传动系统联接安装初调试，调整好各对齿轮间的位置与间隙，并在各个支承部件处加润滑脂，使得系统转动灵活，检查全部零部件并确认无遗漏情况。
2 Installation debugging(1) Initially installation debugging in workshopEvery transmission part should be initially installed firstly in workshop. In this stage, the position of each gear and strutting piece should be adjusted and lubricating oil should be applied to each strutting piece to make sure their free rotation. Then all the transmission parts should be placed on the auxiliary initial debugging platform inworkshop, and the integrally initial debugging of the moveable span can be conducted by communication testing. In this stage, the position and clearance of gears should be adjusted and lubricating oil be applied to the every strutting piece. Eventually, all components and parts should be inspected to make sure there is no missing.(2).桥上初安装调试将每个传动部件在桥上初安装，重新调整好齿轮、支承件的位置与间隙，并在各个支承部件处加润滑脂，确保部件转动灵活。
将所有上桥传动部件放在桥上，两侧活动跨分别进行整体传动系统联接安装初调试，调整好各对齿轮间的位置与间隙、各支承件的位置与间隙，并在各个支承部件处加润滑脂，使系统转动灵活。
(2) Initially installation debugging on bridgeEvery transmission part should be initially installed firstly on bridge. In this stage, the position of each gear and strutting piece should be adjusted again and lubricating oil should be applied to each strutting piece to grantee their free rotation. Then all the transmission parts should be placed on bridge, and the integrally initial debugging of two moveable spans should be conducted separately by communication testing. In this stage, the position and clearance of gears should be adjusted and lubricating oil be applied to the every strutting piece.3.整桥调试(采用液压调试方案)解放桥开启过程中，转动跨高悬在空中二十多米，重达几百吨；若不经过整桥调试而直接进行开启，则一旦出现问题，后果将不堪设想。
因此，必须进行整桥开启调试，即在极低开启时间情况下，以液压调试方式并通过开启试验来研究开启性能及确定开启时的相关参数。
3 Integral debugging (adopting the hydraulic debugging scheme)Throughout the deck opening of Liberation Bridge, the suspending portion of moveable span is about 20m and of hundreds ton weight. If being opened without any debugging, the consequences would be too ghastly to contemplate once problems arise. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct debugging of integral bridge on site. In field debugging, hydraulic debugging scheme should be adopted and movable performance and related parameters of opening system should be evaluated in the case of short opening time.(1)开启系统初调试研究①.在低速小转角时，观察测试开启机构(包括零部件)及桥梁动作时的受力状况。
②.在低速小转角时，空载观察两侧支承及传动状况。
若发现存在不同步及卡扭现象，立即复位检查；同时亦可发现装配中的一些问题，如两齿条安装位置及高度等。
(1) Initial debugging of opening system①Observing the stress condition of the opening system including every components when bridge deck opening in the case of small rotation angle with low rotation velocity.②Observing the condition of the braces on two sides and their rotation performance in the case of small rotation angle with low rotation speed. Immediate inspection should be carried out once asynchronous or twist phenomenon happened. In addition, some problems, for example, installation position and installation height of gears may be discovered in this stage of debugging.③.在低速小位移的情况下，首先进行空载试验，然后再进行加载试验；④.进一步确定合理配重质量值及重心位置，此关系到解放桥开启受力及控制系统的调节及功率等。