高考英语虚拟语气--宾语从句中的虚拟语气
宾语从句中的虚拟语气
宾语从句中的虚拟语气
宾语从句是一个句子中作为宾语的从句,而虚拟语气则是指在句子中表达出一种假设、愿望或建议等非现实情况的语气。
在宾语从句中,如果表达的是一种虚拟情况,就需要用到虚拟语气。
虚拟语气分为三种:虚拟语气的陈述语气、虚拟语气的命令语气、虚拟语气的建议语气。
在宾语从句中,虚拟语气的陈述语气主要用来表达与事实相反的情况,如:“I suggest that he visit his grandparents.”(我建议他去看望他的祖父母。
)虚拟语气的命令语
气则用来表达一种不可能实现的命令,如:“She demanded that he be here now.”(她要求他现在就来这里。
)虚拟语气的建议语气则用来
表达一种不可能实现的建议,如:“It is recommended that he take a break.”(建议他休息一下。
)
在宾语从句中使用虚拟语气时,需要注意主从句的时态、语气和动词形式的一致性以及从句中是否有虚拟语气的标志词。
虚拟语气的标志词包括:suggest, recommend, demand, insist, require, order, prefer, would rather等。
总之,宾语从句中的虚拟语气是一种特殊的语气形式,需要结合上下文和语境来使用,以表达出准确的意思。
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高考英语 虚拟语气完整分类与讲解
虚拟语气第一部分:语气的定义和种类1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如:①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如:①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如:①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功!虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。
让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。
如:⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运!⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐!⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法主要是表示一种与事实相反或不可能实现的假设、愿望、建议、命令等。
常用的虚拟语气形式有虚拟条件状语从句的"if"引导的虚拟语气、愿望句型的虚拟语气以及建议、命令等句型的虚拟语气。
1.虚拟条件状语从句的"if"引导的虚拟语气:在宾语从句中,如果条件句表达的是不可能实现或与事实相反的情况,那么主句的谓语动词就可以采用虚拟语气来表达。
例如:- I wish he were here.(我希望他在这里。
)其中,"were"是虚拟语气的过去式形式,用于表示与现实相反的情况,即实际上他不在这里。
2.愿望句型的虚拟语气:在宾语从句中,如果表达的是一种渴望或愿望,而该愿望实际上是不太可能实现的,那么常常使用虚拟语气来表达。
例如:- I would rather you came tomorrow.(我希望你明天来。
)其中,"came"是虚拟语气的一种形式,用于表示与现实相反的情况,即实际上他未来。
3.建议、命令等句型的虚拟语气:在宾语从句中,如果主句是一个建议、命令等,而宾语从句所表示的内容是不可能实现或与事实相反的情况,那么主句的谓语动词也可以采用虚拟语气来表达。
例如:- The teacher asked that he not be late for class.(老师要求他不要迟到。
)其中,"be"是虚拟语气的一种形式,用于表示与现实相反的情况,即实际上他经常迟到。
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用可以使句子更丰富多样,并能够准确表达说话人的想法、意愿和假设。
但需要注意的是,虚拟语气用法的正确性与自然性需要根据具体情况和语境来判断。
高考英语考点归纳(四)—虚拟语气
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望,假设,猜测或建议,而不是表示客观存在的事实。
高考考查虚拟语气主要和情态动词相结合。
1(1be动词的过去式用were”。
如:►. If I were a boy, I would join the army.►(2则用过去分词”►(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如:►. If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在)►. Were I a boy, I would join the army.►. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.►. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句(①。
表示不能实现的愿望,译为“要是……就好了”等。
表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。
如:►. I wish it were spring all the year round.►. I wish I had known the answer.►suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist, request,should + 动词原形或是动词原形。
如:►. She suggested we (should) leave here at once.►(2作表示建议、等的表语从句和同位语从句,从句中的谓语动词用“(should)+ 动词原形”。
如:►. His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.►(3“should + 动词原形”►. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that we should clean the room every day.►. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless.►. It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意:这种从句表示的是事实。
高中英语高考语法知识整理复习(虚拟语气+倒装句)
高考英语虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+did (be动词用were)主句:主语+ should/would/might/ could + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实:我不可能是你)If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。
(事实:不知道)If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。
(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+ had + done主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她(事实:去晚了)。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。
(事实:没有听我的话)3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式(be动词用were)主句:主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。
(事实:不可能来)If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰。
宾语从句中的虚拟语气使用
宾语从句中的虚拟语气使用在宾语从句中,如果宾语从句所表达的内容与事实相反或与主句中的动词形态相矛盾时,可以使用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法如下:1. 要求、建议、命令、感叹等动词后的宾语从句中,虚拟语气使用"should + 动词原形"的形式。
例句:- She insisted that he should go to the party.(她坚持要他去参加派对。
)- He requested that the meeting should be postponed.(他要求会议应该被推迟。
)- It is important that we should study hard.(重要的是我们应该努力学习。
)2.在一些特定的动词后的宾语从句中,虚拟语气使用"动词原形(与过去形式相同)"的形式。
例句:- I suggest that they try again.(我建议他们再试一次。
)3. 在条件句中的宾语从句中,虚拟语气使用"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"的形式。
例句:- If he were here, he would help us.(如果他在这里的话,他会帮助我们。
)- If I had more money, I would buy a car.(如果我有更多的钱,我会买一辆车。
)- If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们会呆在家里。
)需要注意的是,虚拟语气的使用方法因语境和时态的不同而有所不同,以上仅是一些常见的使用情况。
因此,在具体的语境中,应根据需要确定正确的虚拟语气形式。
(完整)高考英语宾语从句中的虚拟语气
高考英语宾语从句中的虚拟语气一、动词 wish,suggest,order,insist,propose等后面的宾语从句中常使用虚拟语气,此时宾语从句中的动词表示的是一种愿望和要求。
1. wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气,要按“后退一步法”处理从句中谓语动词的时态。
[注意]:表示何时的愿望,与哪个事实相反,不能以主句的时态为判断依据,而应根据从句的意义判断。
例如:I wish I could fly.我希望我能飞。
(用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的愿望)I wish I had known it before.我希望以前就对此事有所了解。
(用过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望,即与过去事实相反的愿望)I wish you would stay a little longer.我真希望你能多呆一会。
(用would+动词原形表示对将来的愿望)2. 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
这类动词包括:demand,suggest,order,insist,propose等。
这些动词后面的从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成虚拟语气,其中“should”可以省略。
例如:He insisted that all of us (should)be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时到那儿。
The teacher suggested that we (should)clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He ordered that the students (should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生们每周都要自己洗衣服。
[注意]:当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明,暗示”时,其后的从句中不用虚拟语气。
高考英语虚拟语气的用法
高考英语虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、推测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的专门形式来表示。
下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。
1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可依照意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,would。
1)表示与现在事实相反:If I were you,I should stay at home.If the peasants could farm the land themselves,food production would be much higher.If fewer cash crops were grown,more food could be produced and there would be less or no starvation.2)表示与过去事实相反:If you had come yesterday,you would have met him.If the hurricane had happened during the daytime,there would have been many deaths.3)表示与今后事实相反:If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting.If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off.If it should rain,the crops would be saved.4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时刻不一致时,动词的形式要依照它所表示的时刻来调整。
例如:If you had followed the doctor's advice,you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。
高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么
高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么在高考英语中,虚拟语气是一个重要的语法点,也是让许多同学感到头疼的部分。
虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反、假设、愿望、建议等情况,它的用法多样,且有不少需要注意的地方。
接下来,咱们就详细地探讨一下高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1、与现在事实相反条件从句用一般过去时(be 动词用 were),主句用“would / could / should / might +动词原形”。
例如:If I were you, I would take the job (如果我是你,我会接受这份工作。
)2、与过去事实相反条件从句用过去完成时,主句用“would / could / should / might + have +过去分词”。
比如:If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam (如果你学习更努力些,你就会通过考试了。
)3、与将来事实相反条件从句有三种形式:① should +动词原形;② were to +动词原形;③一般过去时。
主句用“wou ld / could / should / might +动词原形”。
举个例子:If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home (要是明天下雨,我们就待在家里。
)二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1、 wish 后的宾语从句表示与现在事实相反,用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示与将来事实相反,用“would / could +动词原形”。
例如:I wish I were as tall as you (我希望我和你一样高。
)2、表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句这类动词有suggest(建议)、advise(建议)、insist(坚持要求)、order(命令)、demand(要求)等,从句谓语用“should +动词原形”,should 可以省略。
高中英语语法:常见虚拟语气
高中英语语法:常见虚拟语气高中英语经常会遇到虚拟语句,我们就要掌握常见的虚拟语句语法,下面小编就同大家整理高高中英语语法:常见虚拟语气,希望有所帮助!一、虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气包含两种:一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。
“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类;even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类;wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望,还是属于这一类。
另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。
如suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。
二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.表达和建议、要求、命令、主张等含义相关的名词性从句,一律用主语+should+动词原形(should可以省略)结构。
具体涉及到这些动词以及它们的名词形式:一坚持(主张):insist二命令:order,command三要求:require,request,demand四建议:suggest,advise,propose,recommend2.表示重要性、必要性、吃惊等时,一律用it is+形容词+that+主语+should+动词原形(should可以省略)结构。
3. ① wish 后面所跟的宾语从句,其谓语动词用虚拟语气(意为“要是/但愿…就好了”),其形式主要有三种:表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish+一般过去时的宾语从句;表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish+ 过去完成时的宾语从句;表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish+would/could+动词原形。
if only 后接从句也用虚拟语气,其形式与wish的用法一致。
② would rather 后面所跟的宾语从句,其谓语动词用虚拟语气(意为“宁愿......”),其形式主要有两种:表示对现在/将来情况的虚拟:wish+一般过去时的宾语从句;表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish+ 过去完成时的宾语从句三、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1.表示与现在事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+did(be动词用were)主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+do2.表示与过去事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done3.表示与将来事实相反的情况从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式(be动词用were)主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do四、其它从句中的虚拟语气1.虚拟语气用在状语从句中① 由as if 或 as though 所引导的方式状浯从句,若从句与事实相反,则要用虚拟语气。
英语语法:宾语从句中用虚拟语气的10种类型
英语语法:宾语从句中用虚拟语气的10 种类型宾语从句用虚拟语气的10 种类型一、I wish 后的宾语从句动词wish 后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去实行时; 若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have + 过去分词; 若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+ 动词原形。
如:I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn 't smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come. 我希望火车会来。
二、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句主要是指insist 的宾语从句,从句谓语由“ should+ 动词原形” 构成,其中的should 在美国英语中通常能够省略。
如:I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。
Rose insisted that he be present. 罗斯坚持要他出席。
The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看。
注意:动词insist 后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气; 若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。
比较:He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
宾语从句中的虚拟语气使用
宾语从句中的虚拟语气使用一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。
例:1. i wish (that可省略,下同)i knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。
(事实上是不知道)2. i wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。
(事实上不可能)3. i wish i were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。
(事实上不可能)4. when she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5. now that he is in china, he wishes he understood chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。
(事实上并不懂)6. when we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would, could, might+现在完成时。
例:1. i wish (that可省略,下同)i hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。
高考英语语法讲解——虚拟语气
虚拟语气一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气1.和现在的事实相反从句:一般过去时(were/did);主句:过去将来时(would do)E.g.:I am not free today. If I ______free today, I _____ (go)and visit some of my friends.2.和过去的事实相反从句:过去完成时(had done);主句:过去完成时(would have done)E.g.:If my lawyer ___________(come)here last Saturday, he __________(keep) me from going.3.和将来的事实相反从句:①were to + 动词原形②should +动词原形③动词过去式;主句should/would/could/might +动词原形E.g.:If I were to see Tom, what _______ you ________ (ask)me to tell him?二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示与事实相反的愿望。
其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。
例如:1)与现在事实相反: wish + (that)+ did(were)E.g.:I wish I were as healthy as you.E.g.:I wish that I had a plane.2)与过去事实相反: wish + (that)+ had doneE.g.:I wish I had been to the concert last night.E.g.:I wish you had written to him.3)与将来事实相反: wish + would/could/might + doE.g.:I wish he would forgive me.2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。
202X届高考英语虚拟语气的用法归纳讲义
千里之行,始于足下。
202X届高考英语虚拟语气的用法归纳讲义202X届高考英语虚拟语气的用法如下:1. 在宾语从句中,表示建议、要求、命令等意义时,宾语从句常用虚拟语气。
例如:- I suggest that he (should) study harder.(我建议他努力学习。
) - They demanded that the government (should) take action immediately.(他们要求政府立即采取行动。
)2. 表示假设、愿望或建议时,常用“should + 动词原形”作虚拟语气。
例如:- If I were you, I would tell the truth.(如果我是你,我会说实话。
)- I wish I could go on a vacation.(我希望能去度假。
)- It is important that she should arrive on time.(她能准时到达很重要。
)3. 在条件从句中,表示与现在事实相反的情况,常用虚拟语气。
例如:- If I were you, I would quit the job.(要是我是你,我会辞职。
) - If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.(要是她学得更努力,她就能通过考试了。
)4. 在主语从句中,表示说话人的建议、命令等,常用虚拟语气。
例如:- It is necessary that we (should) take action now.(现在我们必须采取行动。
)- It is important that everyone (should) be prepared for the meeting.(每个人都要为会议做好准备很重要。
)第1页/共2页锲而不舍,金石可镂。
需要注意的是,有一些情况下虚拟语气的用法与陈述语气相同,例如“if”引导的条件状语从句中,表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况时,可以使用“与过去事实相反的虚拟语气”或“与现在和将来事实相反的陈述语气”。
高中英语真题-虚拟语气(二)
虚拟语气(二)上期我们学习了非真实条件句中虚拟语气的运用,本期我们将重点讲解虚拟语气在其它句式中的运用。
1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句◆wish后的宾语从句从句谓语可用一般过去式(be动词多用were)表示与现在事实相反的假设;用“had +过去分词”表示与过去事实相反的假设;用“would +动词原形”表示一种希望。
如:I wish I were a bit taller.I wish I had more time.I wish you hadn’t told me all this.I wish you would stay a little longer.◆w ould rather后的宾语从句从句谓语多用相当于过去式的形式,表示现在或将来的情况。
如:—Do you mind if I smoke here?—I’d rather you didn’t.Nancy would rather came to see her tomorrow.◆在command, demand, desire, insist, order, request, require, sug gest, urge等表示要求、坚持、命令、建议、愿望等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should +动词原形”,should可以省略。
如:They demanded that the report (should) be made public. Barbara insisted that I (should) stay and fight.注意:①当suggest表示“暗示,说明”,insist表示“坚持认为,坚持说”时,从句谓语不用虚拟语气,而用正常的陈述语气。
如:All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.She kept insisting that she was innocent.②suggestion, order, request, insistence等名词后的that从句中,谓语也用虚拟语气,即:“should +动词原形”,should可以省略。
宾语从句中的虚拟语气
三宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气主要形式为:●表示对现在的假设时,从句的谓语动词为一般过去式(be动词用were)。
●表示对过去的假设时,从句的谓语动词为“had+过去分词”或“could/would have+过去分词”。
●表示对将来的愿望时,从句的谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
Sometimes I wish I lived in a different time and a different place.有时候我希望自己生活在一个不同的时间和空间里。
(表现在)I wish I were as strong as you.我希望像你一样健壮。
(表现在)He didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he had been there.他没有去舞会,不过他很希望自己当时在那里。
(表过去)I wish prices would come down.我希望物价能降下来。
(表将来)2.had hoped 表示过去没有实现的愿望,意为“本来想要,但愿”,其后的宾语从句用“would+动词原形”表示虚拟。
I had hoped that I wouldn’t bore you by talking about my children. 但愿我谈论我的孩子没有使你厌倦。
3.would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well, would prefer之后的宾语从句用虚拟语气表示愿望,意为“宁愿”,“但愿”。
●表示对现在或将来的愿望:would rather/sooner+主语+动词过去时(be动词用were);●表示对过去的愿望:would rather/sooner+主语+动词过去完成时。
I would rather I had not gone to the party yesterday evening.要是我昨天晚上没有去参加那个晚会就好了。
高考英语语法专项虚拟语气的用法
语法专项11——虚拟语气的用法【虚拟语气】英语中有三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气、疑问语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。
一、虚拟语气用于条件句中1.表示与现在事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式用were);主句中谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+动词原形。
If I were you,I would study hard.2.表示与过去事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用had+过去分词;主句中谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice,he would have passed the test.3.表示与将来的事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时或should +动词原形或were to+动词原形;主句中谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+动词原形。
If it were to rain tomorrow,they would not go to the cinema.【帮你归纳】【小叮咛】1)if条件句中只要用了过去的时态就说明该句要使用虚拟语气。
2)if条件句中只出现一个表示与将来事实相反的情态动词should。
3)含有if条件句的虚拟语气中,主句都要用情态动词,且都可理解为过去式。
二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法1. 在wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句中通常用虚拟语气。
从句中谓语动词的构成形式为:1)表示对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)。
I wish it were spring now. 我希望现在是春天。
2)表示对过去情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词常用had+过去分词。
I wish he had come yesterday.我希望他昨天能来。
高考英语语法全解-insist等引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法(附精选例题+习题和解析)
⾼考英语语法全解-insist等引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语⽓的⽤法(附精选例题+习题和解析)insist等表⽰命令、建议、要求类动词引导的从句中的虚拟语⽓的⽤法虚拟语⽓⽤在表⽰命令、建议、要求等⼀类动词后⾯的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) doI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意:如suggest, insist不表⽰"建议" 或"坚持要某⼈做某事时",即它们⽤于其本意"暗⽰、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句⽤陈述语⽓。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:(错) You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.(对) I insisted that you were wrong.例如:The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.A. had done, should beB. should do, should beC. had done, had beenD. should do, had been【分析】此题容易误选B,想当然地认为insist 后的从句谓语要⽤“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语⽓。
高考英语语法——虚拟语气
虚拟语气一、定义:虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反,或不可能发生的情况。
1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1)表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生:一般过去时(虚拟语气中be→were)Eg. If he had time, he would (could, might) go with youEg.If I were you, I would work hard.2)表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生Eg.If I had time last night, I should have come to see you.Eg.If they had helped us, we would have finished the task. (实际上没帮)3)表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生Eg.If it should rain, the crops would be saved.Eg.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.4)※注意:虚拟语气的倒装语序:如果if从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.Eg.If I had time, I would have done that yesterday.=Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday.Eg.If I were you, I would go to the party.=Were I you, I would go to the party.Eg.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home=Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。
郑州高考英语虚拟语气的常用用法
虚拟语气什么叫虚拟语气?虚拟语气在主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句及状语从句中的用法如何?一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法:1.与现在事实相反:If条件句主句过去时(Be-----were) would/should/could/might+do sth.(1).If I were you, I would do it in a different way.(2).If I had time, I would/should read it again.2.与过去事实相反:If条件句主句Had done sth. would/should/could/might have done sth.(1).If I had taken his advice, I would/should not have made such a mistake.(2).You played all the while last term. If you had studied hard, you would have made some progress.(3).I could have seen him yesterday if I had got to the station earlier.(4).If she had told him about the danger, he wouldn't have got hurt.3.与将来事实相反:If条件句主句(1)过去时(2).should do sth. would/should/could/might do sth.(3).were to do sth.(1).If she should come, I would/should ask her for help.(2).She won't come tomorrow. If she came, I would show her my new computer.(3).If it should rain, the crops could be saved.(4).I'm sure she will never ask me such questions again. If she were to ask me again,I would refuse to answer her.注意:如果条件从句中有were,助动词had或should, 可将if省略,而把were,had或should移至主语之前。
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练习:
• 1.Mike's father, as well as his mother, insisted
that he ___D_____ at home.
A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay
• 2. Mr. Smith insisted that he __A___ the work all.
练习:
• 1.We wish we _B___ what you did when we were
at high school.
A. did C. have done
B. could have done D. should do
• 2.She wishes she _C___ to the theatre last night.
练习:
• 1.I wish I _C___ able to tell him all about it last night
A was B were C had been D should be
• 2.How I wish I _B___ to repair the watch! I only
made it worse
宾语从句中的 虚拟语气
• 第三种 : 在与表示“请求,要求,命令,建议”等意义 的词的宾语从句中,谓语通常用“should + 动原”且 should 可省。
• 一个坚持:insist
• 两个命令:order, command (名词是order, recommendation)
• 三个建议:advise, suggest,propose (名词是advice, suggestion, proposal)
宾语从句中的 虚拟语气
• 第一种 : 在wish后的宾语从句中,谓语常用:
→现在:过去时 (did/were)
eg: He wishes he could paint as well as an artist. eg: I wish I were ten years younger now.
→过去:过去完成时(had done)
• 3.I would rather you _C___ not here with me now.
A be B was C were D are
• 4. I’d rather you __B_____ anything about it for
the time being
A do B didn’t do C don’t D didn’t
eg: I wish I had been with you yesterday. eg: I wish I had met him yesterday.
→将来:would/could/might+动词原
eg: We wish the rain would stop. eg: I wish I would be a rich man.
B had read D am reading
宾语从句中的 虚拟语气
• 第二种 : 在would rather 后的宾语从句中,谓语常用: 1.过去式来表示现在或将来的情况
eg: I would rahter you did it.
2.用过去完成时表示过去的情况
eg: I would rather you hadn't told me the truth.
练习:
• 1. I'd rather that you ____B____ home.
A. went B. have gone C. will go D. had gone
• 2.I’d rather you _B__ right away
A leave B left C will leave D to leave
A. went C. had gone
B. would go D. were going
• 3. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes
that he __C______ be tall when he grows up.
A. could B. should C. would D. were able to
• 1.He asks that he __D______ an opportunity to
explain why he's refused to go there.
A. is given C. should give
B. must give D. be given
• 2. I insisted that he ____B____ at once.
3. He insisted that all of us _s_h_o_u__ld__b_e__there on time by any
means.(be)
4. He insisted that he __d_i_d_n_’_t_s_t_e_a_l _ the wallet.(steal)
练习:
A had tried B hadn't tried C have tried D didn't try
• 3. I enjoyed the movie very much I wish I _B__
the book from which it was made
A have read C should have read
2.suggest 表“建议”,虚拟, should + do; 表“表明、暗示” ,用陈述语气。
1. The teacher suggested that we (_s_h_o_u_ld_)_p_r_a_c_ti_se more after class. (practise)
2. The look on her face suggested that she ___w_a__s__happy.(be)
A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go
• 3. Li Ming insisted that he ___A_____ anything
at all.
A. hadn't stolen C. doesn't steal
B. shouldn't steal D. steal
• 四个要求:demand, require, request, desire (名词是demand, requirement, request, desire)
注意: insist / suggest 各有两意思,要用不同的语气
1. insisit 表“坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do; 表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。
A. had done B. have done C. did D. so
• 3. His tired face பைடு நூலகம்uggested that he ___B_____
really tired after the long walk.
A. had been B. was C. be D. should be