丘吉尔简介解读

Frustrated by the stalemate in Belgium and France that followed , he initiated the Allies’ only major effort outflank the Germans on the Western Front by sending the navy , and later a large force of the army , to the Mediterranean. (Para.4 , Line4)
A passionate believer in the navy's historic strategic role, he immediately committed the Royal Naval Division（皇家海军） to an intervention in the Flanders campaign in 1914. Frustrated by the stalemate in Belgium and France that followed, he initiated the Allies' only major effort to outflank the Germans on the Western Front by sending the navy, and later a large force of the army, to the Mediterranean. At Gallipoli in 1915, this Anglo-French force struggled to break the defenses that blocked access to the Black Sea. It was a heroic failure that forced Churchill's resignation and led to his political eclipse.
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Winston Churchill
by John Keegan
Churchill came of a military dynasty. His ancestor John Churchill had been created first Duke of Marlborough(马尔巴罗公爵) in 1702 for his victories against Louis XIV（路易十四）early in the War of the Spanish Succession.（西班牙王位继承战争）Churchill was born in 1874 in Blenheim Palace（布尼姆宫）, the house built by the nation for Marlborough. As a young man of undistinguished academic accomplishment--he was admitted to Sandhurst（桑赫斯特 皇家军事学校）after two failed attempts--he entered the army as a cavalry officer. He took enthusiastically to soldiering (and perhaps even more enthusiastically to regimental polo playing) and between 1895 and 1898 managed to see three campaigns: Spain's struggle in Cuba in 1895, the North-West Frontier campaign in India 1897 and the Sudan campaign of 1898, where he took part in what is often described as the British Army's last cavalry charge, at Omdurman.

succession
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
the act of taking over an official position or title or the right to take over an official position or title, especially to become the king or queen of a country继承， 继承权 Successive adj.连续的，逐次的，相继的 successor n.继 承人，接班人 词组短语： In succession 接连的，连续的 A succession of 一连串；一系列 In quick succession 紧接 地 例句： The gunman fired three times in rapid succession. 歹徒连 开三枪。 She’s third in order of succession to the throne. ? 她在王 位继承人顺位中排第三。
He was to write all his life. His "Life of Marlborough" is one of the great English biographies, and "The History of the Second World War" helped win him a Nobel Prize for literature. Writing, however, never fully engaged his energies. Politics consumed him. His father Lord Randolph Churchill （伦道夫•丘吉尔勋爵）was a brilliant political failure. Early in life, Winston determined to succeed where his father had failed. His motives were twofold. His father had despised him. Writing in August 1893 to Winston's grandmother, the dowager Duchess of Marlborough, he said the boy lacked "cleverness, knowledge and any capacity for settled work. He has a great talent for show-off, exaggeration and make-believe." His disapproval surely stung, but Churchill reacted by venerating his father's memory.

Paraphrase : Feeling disappointed about the blocked situation in Belgium and France that followed , he began to set the Allies’ only major effort to maneuver around and behind the flank of the Germans on the Western Front by sending the navy , and later a large force of the army , to the Mediterranean.随后他们在比利时和法国没有取得什么战果，丘吉尔感到十分失望。 他先后把海军和另一批主力部队派遣到地中海，想要从西线包围德国军队。
Text Ⅱ
Winston Churchill
About the writer:
John Keegan
a historian , is the defense and military specialist for London’s Daily Telegraph
Comprehension of the Text
• This biography is written in chronological order.
1
2~5 6~11
His family background and military career His political career in early stage
His political career in later stage
In Cuba he was present as a war correspondent, and in India and the Sudan he was present both as a war correspondent and as a serving officer. Thus he revealed two other aspects of his character: a literary bent and an interest in public affairs.

He was to write all his life .(Para.2 , Line1)
Paraphrase : He was destined to write all his life .之后他一生一直在写作。
详解：“be to do”这个结构有两方面的意思 1）be+动词不定式作表语，它表示主语和表 语在概念上是等同的。2）“be to do”作为一个独立的词汇单位，具有情态意义，表示“计 划”“安排”“应该”“可能”等。

例句：The problem is to find a solution .
The headmaster is to have a meeting in our class .

was/ were to do 表示曾经计划要做某事
was/ were to have done 表示过去本计划做某事却由于某些原因而没有做
Winston fought to restore his father's honor in Parliament (where it had been dented by the Conservative Party). Thirty years after Lord Randolph's death, Winston wrote, "All my dreams of comradeship were ended. There remained for me only to pursue his aims and vindicate his memory." Churchill entered Parliament in 1901 at age 26. In 1904 he left the Conservative Party to join the Liberals, in part out of calculation: the Liberals were the coming party, and in its ranks he soon achieved high office. He became Home Secretary in 1910 and First Lord of the Admiralty（海军大臣） in 1911. Thus it was as political head of the Royal Navy at the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 that he stepped onto the world stage.