研究生基础英语课程论文——关于艾滋病的调查
如何写艾滋病的英语作文
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如何写艾滋病的英语作文让我们一起携手对坑艾滋病。
小编今天就给大家分享一些英语的优秀作文,欢迎阅读,仅供参考写艾滋病的英语作文AIDS is not only harmful to the AIDS patients, bring heavy burden to the family, but also directly affect the development of the national economy, social stability, national prosperity, national prosperity of survival, it seems that AIDS is not only a threat to every person, every family, but also threaten the whole country, the social influence development and stability, visible AIDS prevention is the responsibility of the whole society.AIDS is indeed very scary, but HIV infected people and AIDS patients are still our good friends. They should not get prejudice and discrimination, but from social and personal care.The AIDS virus is highly contagious, but some daily behavior can not spread AIDS, such as hugging, shaking hands, a public toilet, eat together, talk, share of labor supplies, school supplies and so on, so we should have a correct understanding of AIDS transmission, to treat HIV with the correct attitude of the infected people and AIDS patients.艾滋病不仅对艾滋病病人本身造成危害,给家庭带来沉重的负担,而且还直接影响国家经济的发展,社会的稳定,国家的兴衰,民族的兴存亡,由此看来,艾滋病不仅威胁着每一个人,每一个家庭,而且威胁着整个国家,影响社会的发展和稳定,可见预防艾滋病是全社会的责任。
艾滋病的调查报告
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艾滋病的调查报告艾滋病的调查报告近年来,艾滋病成为全球范围内的一大公共卫生问题。
艾滋病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起的,它攻击人体免疫系统,导致免疫功能丧失,进而引发各种严重的感染和疾病。
为了更好地了解艾滋病的现状和影响,我们进行了一项调查研究。
一、艾滋病的传播途径通过调查,我们发现艾滋病主要通过以下途径传播:性传播、血液传播、母婴传播和共用注射器。
其中,性传播是最主要的传播途径,占到了绝大多数的感染病例。
这主要是因为艾滋病病毒存在于体液中,如血液、精液和阴道分泌物,而性行为是最常见的接触途径之一。
血液传播主要是通过共用注射器、输血和器官移植等途径,母婴传播则是指孕妇将病毒传给胎儿或婴儿。
这些传播途径的存在使得艾滋病的传播范围更为广泛。
二、艾滋病的高发地区根据我们的调查数据,艾滋病在全球范围内分布广泛,但一些地区的感染率明显高于其他地区。
其中,撒哈拉以南非洲地区是全球艾滋病感染率最高的地区之一。
这主要是由于该地区的卫生条件较差,医疗资源匮乏,艾滋病防控意识相对较低等原因所致。
此外,东南亚、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区也是艾滋病高发地区。
三、艾滋病的社会影响艾滋病不仅给患者本人带来了身体和心理上的痛苦,也给整个社会带来了巨大的负担和影响。
首先,艾滋病给家庭和社区造成了沉重的经济负担。
由于患者需要长期的治疗和护理,医疗费用和药物费用都是不可忽视的开支。
其次,艾滋病还导致了许多家庭的破裂和孤儿的增加。
患者的家庭往往因为疾病而负债累累,无法承担日常生活开支,最终导致家庭的破裂。
而一些患者不幸去世后,留下的孤儿则需要社会的关怀和支持。
四、艾滋病的防控措施针对艾滋病的严峻形势,各国政府和国际组织采取了一系列的防控措施。
首先,加强宣传教育,提高公众的艾滋病防控意识。
通过开展宣传活动、举办健康教育讲座等方式,向公众普及艾滋病的相关知识,引导人们正确对待艾滋病患者,消除对艾滋病的歧视和偏见。
其次,加强艾滋病的筛查和检测工作,及早发现感染者,采取相应的治疗和护理措施,减少病毒传播。
艾滋病的相关调查报告
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艾滋病的相关调查报告艾滋病的相关调查报告1. 简介艾滋病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起的一种病毒性感染,它主要通过性传播、血液传播以及母婴传播的方式传播。
艾滋病毒可攻击人体免疫系统,进而导致免疫功能紊乱,容易受到其他感染的侵袭。
目前,艾滋病还没有有效的治疗方法,只能通过抗病毒治疗来延缓病情进展。
2. 调查目的本次调查旨在了解社会对艾滋病的认识、预防意识以及对艾滋病患者的态度。
3. 方法采用问卷调查的方式,共发放100份问卷,其中男性50份,女性50份。
问卷内容包括基本情况、对艾滋病的认识、预防知识以及对艾滋病患者的态度等方面。
4. 调查结果(1)对艾滋病的认识在对艾滋病的认识上,有60%的受访者了解艾滋病是由HIV引起的,而其余40%的人对此并不了解。
但是对于艾滋病的传播途径,只有30%的受访者知道艾滋病可以通过性传播、血液传播以及母婴传播的方式传播。
(2)预防意识在预防艾滋病方面,有80%的受访者表示会使用安全套来降低性传播的风险,同时46%的人会避免与艾滋病患者接触。
但是只有30%的受访者每年进行一次艾滋病检测,而另外70%的人从未进行过艾滋病检测。
(3)对艾滋病患者的态度对于艾滋病患者,有70%的受访者表示会与患者保持正常的社交关系,认为患者是需要关怀和支持的人群。
然而,30%的人对患者持有歧视和偏见的态度,甚至会故意远离患者。
5. 结论从调查结果来看,大部分人对艾滋病有基本的认识,但对于传播途径和预防措施的了解程度有待提高。
同时,艾滋病检测率较低,个体的预防意识还不够强烈,需要加强宣传教育,提高公众对艾滋病的认知水平和预防意识。
此外,对艾滋病患者仍存在歧视和偏见的现象,需要加强对患者的支持和关怀,增进社会对艾滋病患者的理解和尊重。
6. 建议(1)加强艾滋病知识宣传教育,提高公众对艾滋病的认知水平;(2)提高艾滋病检测率,推广全民艾滋病检测;(3)加强对性传播、血液传播以及母婴传播的预防知识的普及;(4)加强对艾滋病患者的支持与关怀,减少歧视和偏见的存在。
艾滋病研究性课题
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艾滋病研究性课题背景介绍艾滋病,全称为“获得性免疫缺陷综合症”(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome),是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染所引起的一种慢性免疫系统疾病。
自20世纪80年代中期以来,艾滋病已成为全球性的公共卫生问题,影响着世界各地的人们。
HIV通过血液、精液、阴道分泌物等体液传播,主要途径包括性传播、血液传播以及母婴传播。
艾滋病在感染者体内引起免疫系统的损害,使得感染者容易患上各种感染和恶性肿瘤,并最终导致身体的免疫力完全耗竭。
课题目标本课题旨在深入研究艾滋病的各个方面,包括病因、传播机制、诊断方法、预防措施以及治疗策略。
通过深入学习和探索,我们希望能够提供更全面、科学的理解,为全球抗击艾滋病提供有力的支持。
课题内容1.病因研究艾滋病的病因是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染引起的,而HIV则是一种逆转录病毒。
我们将分析HIV在人体内的感染方式和机制,探讨病毒与宿主细胞的相互作用,为进一步的研究提供基础。
2.传播机制研究艾滋病的传播途径主要包括性传播、血液传播以及母婴传播。
我们将详细研究这些传播途径的具体机制,分析其影响因素,以期找到有效的预防和干预措施。
3.诊断方法研究艾滋病的早期诊断对于控制疫情和提供及时治疗至关重要。
我们将评估目前常用的诊断方法,并探索新的技术手段和策略,以提高早期诊断的准确性和便捷性。
4.预防措施研究在预防艾滋病方面,我们将研究性行为教育、安全套使用推广、静脉吸毒者的harm reduction 策略、艾滋病疫苗研发等方面的工作,以期减少新的感染者数量。
5.治疗策略研究针对艾滋病患者,我们将研究抗病毒治疗的有效性和安全性,探索新型药物的研发和应用,并研究治疗方案的个体化,以提高患者的生活质量和延长生存期。
课题重要性艾滋病作为一种严重影响全球卫生的疾病,其防治工作具有重要意义。
通过开展本课题的研究,可以加深对艾滋病的认识与理解,为制定更有效的防控策略和治疗方案提供科学依据。
大学生对艾滋病相关知识、态度的调查分析(1)
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对大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度的调查分析成都医学院07级检验本科2班徐辰[摘要]目的:了解当代大学生对艾滋病相关知识的认知程度,以及对艾滋病病毒感染者及病人态度。
方法:对不同大学,不同专业共66名大学生进行问卷调查,其中对医学生和非医学生进行对比调查。
结果:对艾滋病不同传播途径和非传播途径的认识存在差异,在不同情况下对待艾滋病的态度存在差异。
结论:大学生总体认知水平较高,医学生的认知水平不占优势,大学生对艾滋病的态度总体宽容。
应利用大学生对艾滋病的认知水平与态度,进一步做好宣传和艾滋病预防干预工作。
[关键词] 艾滋病;大学生;认知;态度艾滋病是英语"AIDS"中文名称,AIDS是获得性免疫缺陷综合征的英文缩写。
它是由于感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒(简称HIV)后引起的一种致死性传染病。
目前没有可以治愈的药物,但可以预防。
1981年在美国发现首例艾滋病病例以来,艾滋病以令人吃惊的速度在全世界传播。
截止2007年12月,全球估计共有3320万艾滋病病毒感染者。
近10年来,在国际社会的共同努力下,人们对艾滋病的认识普遍提高,新增艾滋病病毒感染者人数及死亡有所下降,治疗艾滋病的主要疗法——抗逆转录病毒疗法的普及率提高四成多。
但儿童与青少年已经成为感染艾滋病病毒的危险群体,全球艾滋病患者及艾滋病病毒感染者呈低龄化的趋势。
据联合国艾滋病规划署最新提供的报告,截止2007年底,全球3320万艾滋病病毒感染者中,不到15岁的儿童及15岁至24岁的青少年分别为250万和1000万。
在艾滋病疫情最为严重的撒哈拉以南非洲地区,儿童感染人数占全世界的90% 。
据统计,现阶段艾滋病病毒筛查年龄范围以从数年前的25岁至27岁提前至19岁到22岁。
在全球艾滋病病毒感染者人数下降的情况下,中国的艾滋病感染者却在激增。
中国目前抗“艾”形势仍然很严峻。
而中国的艾滋病病毒感染者也呈低龄化的趋势,有学者认为大学生是艾滋病传播的高危人群。
河南省某县艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人(HIV-AIDS)性行为状况调查分析论文
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河南省某县艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人(HIV/AIDS)性行为状况调查分析【摘要】目的:了解调查对象所在地区河南省某县艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人(hiv/aids)性行为状况。
方法:通过现场问卷调查,共调查9个行政村艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人281个,对调查结果进行频数分析和χ2检验。
结果:在过去12个月中,有123人(43.8%)没有过插入性性行为,有158人(56.2%)只与1个人发生过插入性性行为。
17人(男性10人,占男性调查对象总数的5.9%,女性7人,占女性调查对象总数的4.1%)有过2个性伴侣,1人(男性,占男性调查对象总数的0.6%)有过3个性伴侣。
281名调查对象中有 20人(7.1%)在过去12个月中没有接受过艾滋病检测。
有20人(7.1%)虽然在过去12个月中接受过艾滋病检测,但没收到过检测结果。
结论:目前艾滋病防治尤其是农村地区艾滋病的防治任务依然任重道远,要求我们建立健全全国艾滋病哨点监测系统以及艾滋病免费咨询检测体系,并加强检测前信息提供、检测后结果告知和咨询服务,为制订防治措施和评估防治效果提供依据。
【关键词】hiv/aids;性行为;危险因素【中图分类号】r193 【文献标识码】a 【文章编号】1004-7484(2013)05-0582-032009年中国疫情估计报告显示,“截止2009年底,估计中国现存活艾滋病病毒感染者和病人(hiv/aids)74万人(56-92万)”。
当年新发感染人数约4.8万人,其中异性传播占42.2%,同性传播占32.5%[1]。
艾滋病疫情进展呈现的一个主要特点是:性传播成为主要传播途径,同性传播上升速度明显。
作为重要传染源的艾滋病病毒感染者和病人,其危险性行为的情况在一定程度上加大了艾滋病传播的风险。
本调查于2010年6月至8月在艾滋病高发区河南省某县开展,旨在了解艾滋病病毒感染者和病人的危险性行为,评价艾滋病通过性途径传播的危险状况,为制定艾滋病防治措施提供政策依据,以能更好的预防艾滋病的传播和感染。
艾滋病英语作文(优秀8篇)
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艾滋病英语作文(优秀8篇)艾滋病的作文篇一艾滋病,这位人类的“生命杀手”如同一粒尘土,悄悄地降临在不幸者的身上,如同一个恶魔,凶恶地使不幸者悲痛绝望;如同一位死神无情地剥夺了绝望者的灵魂……。
艾滋病是一种有艾滋病毒,即人类免疫缺陷病毒入侵人体后破坏人体免疫功能,使人体发生多种不可治愈的感染和肿瘤,最后导致被感染死亡的一种严重传染病。
从它降临人类的那一天开始,它惊醒了沉睡中的我们,使我们认识了艾滋,了解了艾滋,惧怕了艾滋,远离了艾滋病人。
中国每14秒便增加一名艾滋病患者,世界每天新增1.4万人,按照这个飞奔般的速度发展,人类将被这个可怕的“生命杀手”赶尽杀绝。
那么我们应该怎么办呢?我们都知道,艾滋病是靠性传播、母婴传播和血液传播的,它威胁着每个人和每个家庭。
因此,预防艾滋病是全人类的责任。
我们中学生更应该从以下几点做起:1、洁身自爱,遵守性道德是预防性传播传染艾滋病的根本措施。
所以我们中学生要从自己做起,懂得自尊自爱,不去做那些不该做的事,把心思都集中在学习上,不去看那些色情的东西,控制自己的情感,真正把精力放在学习上,争取更大的进步,才能使自己不堕落。
这样就能迈出了预防艾滋病的第一步。
2、远离毒品。
避免共享针头,禁止吸毒,减少血液接触。
处理伤口时,一定要注意避免皮肤、眼睛、口腔接触到别人的血液。
这样就为远离艾滋病迈出了第二步。
3、防止交叉传染。
避免不必要的输血、注射;严禁使用没有严格消毒的不安全拔牙和打耳洞等。
4、注意个人卫生,集体卫生,不共用别人的东西,时时注意保护自己的身体健康。
我认为只要我们从以上四个方面做起,相信我们就肯定能把艾滋病挡在健康的大门外。
同学们,请让我们的生命之花永远都开放着吧,让我们的生命蜡烛永远都亮着吧。
因为如果生命的蜡烛熄灭了,我们看到的将是黑暗而不是光明。
……为了不让我们的生命烛光更早的熄灭,同学们!从现在开始,请你注意身边的大小细节,请你带动你们的爸爸妈妈,亲戚朋友,大家一起注意个人的卫生,让艾滋病不与我们同在吧!最后,让我们一起大声地喊出“珍爱生命,远离艾滋病”吧!艾滋病的作文篇二无情的岁月风蚀了阿嫂所有缤纷的梦想,踏上无边的人生道路,她经历了艰难困苦,本想给儿子娶个漂亮媳妇。
关于艾滋病的研究
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我国政府高度重视艾滋病防控工作,制定了一系列政策措施,包括将艾滋病纳入国家重大传染病防治规划、实施 免费抗病毒治疗、对感染者提供“四免一关怀”政策等。同时,各级政府也加大了对艾滋病防控工作的投入和支 持力度。
02
艾滋病病毒(HIV)特性
病毒结构与生物学特性
01
病毒形态
艾滋病病毒(HIV)属于逆转录病毒科,慢病毒属,形态为球形或卵圆
06
艾滋病患者心理关怀与支持
患者心理问题分析
恐惧与焦虑
由于艾滋病病情严重、传 染性强,患者往往会产生 强烈的恐惧和焦虑情绪。
自卑与孤独
受到社会歧视和排斥,患 者容易产生自卑感和孤独 感。
愤怒与绝望
面对疾病带来的痛苦和生 命威胁,患者可能产生愤 怒和绝望情绪。
心理干预策略和方法
认知行为疗法
帮助患者改变对疾病的错误认知 ,建立积极应对方式。
体外生存能力
HIV在体外生存能力极差,不耐高温,离开人体不易生存。常温下,在体外的血液中只可存活数小时 。
抵抗力
HIV对热敏感,在56℃条件下30分钟即失去活性。此外,HIV对许多化学物质也很敏感,常用的漂白 粉、新鲜配制的2%戊二醛溶液等都能迅速灭活病毒。
传播途径与感染风险
传播途径
HIV主要通过性接触、血液和母婴三 种途径传播。其中,性接触是主要的 传播途径,包括同性、异性和双性性 接触。
传播途径
艾滋病主要通过性接触、血液传播和母婴传播三种途径传播。其中,性接触是 最主要的传播途径,包括同性、异性和双性性接触。
发病机制及临床表现
发病机制
HIV病毒主要攻击人体的免疫系统,特别是CD4+T淋巴细胞 ,导致免疫功能逐渐降低。随着病毒的不断复制和免疫系统 的破坏,感染者逐渐出现各种机会性感染和恶性肿瘤。
艾滋病研究进展论文综述-范本模板
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组织学与胚胎学论文综述免疫系统研究进展--艾滋病的研究进展Advance in the Research of immune system——Advance in the research of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome专业:2012针推班学号: 12211037姓名: 申博完成时间:2013年6月20日免疫系统研究进展——艾滋病的研究进展Advance in the Research of immune system——Advance in the research of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome作者:申博(ShenBo)摘要:艾滋病即获得性免疫缺陷综合症(又译:后天性免疫缺陷症候群)。
1981年在美病毒”(又称艾滋病病毒)而引起的免疫系统全面崩溃为特征的传染病。
艾滋病己在全球范围内成为严重危害人类生存与发展的公共卫生和社会问题。
我国艾滋病的流行经过传入期、扩散期,目前己进入快速增长期,处于全国低流行和局部地区及特定人群高流行并存的态势。
本文介绍的是有关HIV药物治疗的一些近期研究进展。
关键词:免疫系统;艾滋病病毒;抑制剂;药物治疗Abstract:AIDS is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (also translated:acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). In the United States in 1981 virus ”(also known as the AIDS virus) and the immune system caused by the collapse of infectious disease。
AIDS has become a serious public health and social problems harm to human survival and development in the world. China’s AIDS epidemic through afferent phase, diffusion stage,has entered a period of rapid growth, in the trend of high prevalence in both national and local area and the low prevalence of specific population. This is the HIV drugs in the treatment of some recent research progress.Key word:immune system; The AIDS virus;inhibitor;medication前言:自1981 年美国发现首例艾滋病(AIDS) 患者以来,全球累计感染者总数已达 6 900 万,死亡者总数超过 2 000 万。
艾滋病调查问卷及报告
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艾滋病调查问卷及报告第一篇:艾滋病调查问卷及报告艾滋病(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)是指由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染引起的一种严重的病毒性感染。
为了加深对艾滋病的了解,我们开展了一项调查问卷。
调查问卷如下:1. 您是否知道艾滋病的传播途径?(是/否)2. 您是否知道如何预防艾滋病的传播?(是/否)3. 您是否有过艾滋病相关知识的培训或教育?(是/否)4. 您是否认为艾滋病在社会中的认知度足够高?(是/否)5. 您认为保持良好的卫生习惯对预防艾滋病是否重要?(是/否)6. 您是否愿意与感染艾滋病的人保持正常的交往?(是/否)7. 您是否认为在学校等场所开展艾滋病相关知识的宣传活动有助于预防艾滋病?(是/否)8. 您是否有过艾滋病的病例接触经历?(是/否)9. 您是否愿意接受艾滋病疫苗的注射?(是/否)10. 您是否了解艾滋病的治疗方法?(是/否)通过这份调查问卷,我们收集到了来自不同群体的回答,并进行了统计与分析。
在总共500份问卷中,大约60%的受访者知道艾滋病的传播途径,说明对于这一病毒性疾病的认知度较高。
然而,令人担忧的是只有30%的受访者知道如何预防艾滋病的传播,这反映出我们在做好宣传和教育工作方面还存在不足。
此外,45%的受访者曾接受过艾滋病相关知识的培训或教育,这可以解释为何有相对较高的知晓率。
然而,仍有50%的受访者认为社会中对艾滋病的认知度不足,这表明尽管已开展相关教育,但仍需要进一步加强对艾滋病的宣传。
在问卷中,90%的受访者认为保持良好的卫生习惯对于预防艾滋病至关重要,这显示出受访者对卫生意识的重视。
此外,70%的受访者愿意与感染艾滋病的人保持正常的交往,这反映出对感染者的包容和理解。
关于开展艾滋病相关知识的宣传活动,80%的受访者认为在学校等场所进行宣传活动有助于预防艾滋病的传播。
这表明在教育领域加大宣传的必要性,并为我们制定宣传策略提供了重要的依据。
英语作文关于艾滋病
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英语作文关于艾滋病英文回答:HIV/AIDS is a global health crisis that has claimed the lives of millions of people worldwide. The virus that causes AIDS attacks the immune system, making it difficult for the body to fight off infections. While there is no cure for AIDS, there are treatments that can help people manage the virus and live longer, healthier lives.One of the biggest challenges in the fight against HIV/AIDS is stigma. People who are living with HIV/AIDS often face discrimination and social isolation. This stigma can make it difficult for people to get the care and support they need. It can also prevent people from getting tested for HIV, which can lead to late diagnosis and treatment.Another challenge in the fight against HIV/AIDS is the lack of access to treatment. In many developing countries,people who are living with HIV/AIDS cannot afford the medications they need to stay healthy. This lack of access to treatment can lead to AIDS-related illnesses and death.Despite the challenges, there has been significant progress in the fight against HIV/AIDS. In recent years, the number of people who are living with HIV/AIDS has declined, and the number of people who are dying from AIDS-related illnesses has also decreased. This progress is due to the development of new and more effective treatments, as well as increased access to care and support.There is still much work to be done in the fight against HIV/AIDS, but we have made significant progress in recent years. With continued research, education, and access to treatment, we can end the AIDS epidemic.中文回答:艾滋病是一种全球性的健康危机,已经夺去了全世界数百万人的生命。
关于艾滋病的英语作文
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关于艾滋病的英语作文英文回答:AIDS, also known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It weakens the immune system, making it difficult for the body to fight off infections and diseases. 。
I remember the first time I learned about AIDS. It was in high school during a health class. The teacher explained how the virus is transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. I was shocked to learn that it could also be transmitted through blood transfusions and organ transplants.I also learned about the importance of safe sex and using protection to prevent the spread of HIV. The teacher emphasized the need for regular testing and how earlydetection can lead to better treatment outcomes. It was a wake-up call for me and my classmates to take our sexual health seriously.As I grew older, I realized that AIDS does not discriminate. It affects people from all walks of life, regardless of age, gender, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status. I have seen friends and family members affected by the virus, and it has opened my eyes to the stigma and discrimination that people living withHIV/AIDS face.I have also witnessed the incredible progress in medical research and treatment options for HIV/AIDS. The development of antiretroviral therapy has transformed the prognosis for those living with the virus. It has become a chronic manageable condition rather than a death sentence.Despite the progress, there is still much work to be done in raising awareness, combating stigma, and ensuring access to treatment and care for all. It is important for individuals to get tested, know their status, and seeksupport if they are living with HIV/AIDS.中文回答:艾滋病,也称为获得性免疫缺陷综合症,是一种严重且潜在危及生命的疾病,由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起。
艾滋病患者论文临床观察论文
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艾滋病患者论文临床观察论文32例艾滋病患者的临床观察与护理[摘要] 目的讨论AIDS患者的护理问题及护理措施,提高护理。
方法对32例住院AIDS患者的临床护理进行回顾性分析,以进一步总结经验。
结果30例患者症状缓解,2例患者因多器官功能衰竭死亡。
结论AIDS患者多有心理障碍,通过耐心的心理疏导与细心的临床护理,对稳定病情,促使病情好转,提高生活质量,延长生存时间起到至关重要作用。
关键词:获得性免疫缺陷综合症感染护理艾滋病又称为获得性免疫缺陷综合症(acquired immune deficency syndrome,AIDS),它是由人免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)所引起的致命性慢性传染病。
主要通过性接触和体液传播。
目前仍缺乏特异的防治方法,预后差,病死率高[1]。
良好的护理是延长患者生存期及提高患者生存质量至关重要的一环。
我科2006年12月至2010年12月共收治AIDS患者32例。
现将有关临床观察资料及护理报告如下。
1 临床资料本组32例,患者血清抗HIV均阳性,并经河南省疾病控制中心确诊。
其中,男28例女4例;年龄12-61岁,平均37岁;文化程度:高中以上3例,高中以下29例;静脉吸毒2例,性接触感染1例,供血、输血感染29例;无母婴传播感染者。
病情好转出院治疗30例,占93.7%。
2 护理2.1 心理护理艾滋病是一种不可治愈性疾病,另外该病一直受到社会的歧视,给患者带来了恐惧、抑郁等心理问题。
护理人员首先要从内心及言语行为上尊重和补歧视患者,其次要熟练掌HIV的预防、治疗和护理措施,最后还要给患者一定的心理支持,消除患者的恐惧、焦虑、抑郁等心理问题。
对不同性格、文化、素质的最后谈心、交心时,应注意掌握与患者沟通的技巧,鼓励患者不要悲观,多与外界沟通,以便获得更多的经济和精神支持,为患者提供一个良好的家庭支持。
2.2 基础护理做好保护性隔离措施,防止交叉感染。
艾滋病病毒论文:探讨艾滋病病毒检测渠道与存在的问题
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艾滋病病毒论文:探讨艾滋病病毒检测渠道与存在的问题目前,全球艾滋病病毒感染者人数大约4 000万左右,其中估计约三分之二在位于撒哈拉以南的非洲地区。
与此同时,亚洲的感染者数量也在迅速增加。
无论是亚洲还是世界其他地区,防治艾滋病的努力都面临一个相同的巨大挑战:那就是绝大多数感染者并不知道自己已经感染了艾滋病病毒。
实际上,知道自己感染的人不到全世界感染者总数的百分之十。
这也就是说,世界卫生组织估计的全球感染者总数中绝大多数人还没有接受艾滋病病毒检测。
艾滋病(aids)对社会经济的影响随着流行的进程在日益加深,控制aids的传播速度是性病、aids防治工作者当务之急。
劳教人员、羁押人员作为特殊群体,他们的感染状况直接影响到aids的传播速度。
为了解特殊人群hiv感染状况,2008~2009年对我市特殊人群进行了抽样检测。
1 材料与方法1.1 调查对象我市劳教所劳教人员、娱乐场所相关人员进行调查。
1.2调查方法对所有调查对象按设计的调查表进行询问,填好调查表后,采静脉血3~5ml分离血清待检。
1.3检测方法抗-hiv抗体初筛检测采用酶联免疫吸附试验(elisa)方法,试剂由北京万泰公司生产,所有试剂均在有效期内使用,并严格按照试剂说明书进行操作。
第一次初筛阳性经两次复核后都阳性或一阴一阳者送海南省疾病预防控制中心(cdc)采用免疫印迹(wb)法进行确认。
2结果2.1一般资料检测2245人全部为男性,年龄最大的57岁,最小的16岁,其中≤20岁47人,21~30岁1195人,31~40岁843人,41~50岁79人,≥51岁2人。
2.2hiv感染者检出情况共调查特殊人群2245人,检出hiv感染者10例,检出率为0.445%,其中7例为静脉吸毒者,占70%;年龄最小的19岁,最大的33岁;有1人有过性乱史,1人有供血浆史。
2.3监测对象的情况检测2245人,吸毒者1270人,占56.57%;有性乱史者298人,占13.27%。
关于艾滋病的英语作文(中英对照)
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关于艾滋病的英语作文(中英对照)(最新版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制学校:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言作文(composition)是经过人的思想考虑和语言组织,通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。
作文分为小学作文,中学作文,大学作文(论文)。
作文体裁包括:记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文。
作文并不神秘,要想写好一篇文章,首先要多看,多想,勤于观察,积累素材。
只有细致的观察生活,积累素材才是写好作文的基础。
首先要明确你要写的主题,认真的审题,列出大纲,不要只注意题目中要求的字有多少,要多注意题目的本身,要多读多想,准确的用好词语和修饰语。
这是审题的关键,要确立好主题的依据,要精心的选材,布局列题,有的材料,还要分析整理。
这就要对材料进行分类,比较,概括,筛选。
我们不要象盖房子那样的把所有的材料都堆砌起来,要合理恰当的组合,具体的说开头和结尾要略写,那么经过就要仔细的推敲,修辞,润色,写好以后不要急于交稿,反复检查认真的修改。
古人说:书读百遍,其义自见。
熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟。
这些都说明一个道理,只要你多看书,多读书对你的写作文有一定的好处。
只要你明白这样的一个道理,作文就是要你把生活中喜,怒,哀,乐用文字经过加工,修饰。
整理,也就是我们说的作文。
作文内容12月1日是世界艾滋病日,世界艾滋病日的标志是红绸带。
以下是本机构整理的艾滋病英语作文范文,供同学们参考学习。
Heard these things, you must know the importance of life? Yeah, the beginning of life is a candle, until your mother give you some "wick", you begin to write the first sentence for precious life poetry. Until you will be called "yi ah yi ah", will speak "mother", a shake a put to walk, will say many, many words, have thought, will feel everything is so beautiful. Till now, did you know if our lives of AIDS, just never see butterflies dance track and spring like washed the sky this truth? If you out the candle, that you see will be darkness, not light.In order to not let us lose precious life much earlier, from now on, please look around the size of the details.The classmates! Please drive your mom and dad, relatives and friends, let everybody pay attention to personal hygiene, AIDS is not with us! Let us shout loudly: "AIDS prevention! Cherish precious life!"听到这一切的一切,你一定知道生命的重要性了吧?是呀,生命的开始其实就是一支蜡烛,直到你的母亲给你点上“灯芯”,你才开始为宝贵的生命谱写第一句诗歌。
有关艾滋病的英语作文
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有关艾滋病的英语作文只有正确的认识艾滋病,才能更好的防治。
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篇一:有关艾滋病的英语作文You may have a memory of the terrifying attacks by AIDS several years ago. A number of people died of the disease. Few months ago, there had been hints that the terrible disease would come back again.Uncurable as it is, we could keep the illness at bay. As far as I am concerned, we has been urging citizens with symptoms of the illness--a sharp increase in body temperature, headaches, muscular pains and breathing problems -- to visit their nearest medical center as soon as possible.Many people nowadays have taken steps to prevent this terrible thing from stalking all over the world. As far as I am concerned, The Chinese capital has stepped up its efforts to fight AIDS by advocating a healthy ethical manners. The World Health Organization (WHO) said that although China has a strong political determination to tackle the problem and had stepped up monitoring efforts, more needed to be done at the local level.Bright future is at hand. Maybe, a few years later, the disease will be gone, and a tranquil life may come.你可能回忆起几年前艾滋病的可怕袭击。
高校研究生艾滋病相关知识的调查及健康教育效果评价――以浙江师范大学为例
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高校研究生艾滋病相关知识的调查及健康教育效果评价――以浙江师范大学为例吴东红;胡高楼;陈根芝【摘要】为了了解高校研究生对艾滋病知识掌握的情况,观察健康教育的效果,以2017年9月入学的浙江师范大学研究生新生为研究对象,采用分层整群抽样的方法,以开展专题讲座、知识竞赛、宣传资料发放、微信推送等多种形式对研究生新生进行艾滋病知识的健康教育.教育前后分别进行网上调查问卷测评,并进行效果评价;同时,对他们的生活习惯、性相关知识及知识来源途径等进行调查、分析、整理.结果表明:通过健康教育后,研究生对艾滋病知识的知晓率从教育前的57.8%提高到教育后的92.0%.表明专题讲座、知识竞赛、宣传资料发放、微信推送等多种形式的健康教育效果显著.结论:研究生新生的艾滋病健康教育应采用性知识、行为生活方式及艾滋病知识教育一体化模式,借助多形式、多渠道、多方位的教育途径,从而有效地提高研究生新生对艾滋病的防范能力,遏制艾滋病疫情在校园蔓延.【期刊名称】《浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版)》【年(卷),期】2019(042)001【总页数】6页(P104-109)【关键词】研究生新生;艾滋病;健康教育;效果评价【作者】吴东红;胡高楼;陈根芝【作者单位】浙江师范大学医院,浙江金华 321004;浙江师范大学医院,浙江金华321004;浙江师范大学医院,浙江金华 321004【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R193.8最近五年,艾滋病在校园的发病率逐年上升[1],青年学生已成为感染艾滋病的高危人群[2],尤其是18~24岁感染的人数占青少年感染数的50%以上[3].研究生新生大多数处在这个年龄段,同时又是一个容易被学校忽视的群体.因此,对研究生新生进行艾滋病知识健康教育意义重大.健康教育是目前预防和控制性传播疾病和艾滋病最有效的手段之一[4],为了解艾滋病知识健康教育对高校研究生人群的影响效果,笔者于2017年9月对浙江师范大学(全国艾滋病防控工作试点高校)全日制研究生新生进行了艾滋病及性知识等的教育,在教育前后进行问卷调查,得到了较有意义的结果.现呈上管见,旨在为相关部门决策提供参考.1 研究对象与方法1.1 研究对象以浙江师范大学2017级全日制研究生新生作为调查对象,采取随机整群抽样的方法,选取15个学院共573名研究生新生进行艾滋病知识专题健康教育效果调查.其中女生409人,占比71.4%,男生164人,占比28.6%;户籍来自农村的有384人,占比67%;来自城市的有189人,占比33%.对所抽取的研究生新生样本,根据其性别、生源地等一般资料进行分析比较,结果无显著性差异,χ2=0.310,P>0.05,样本分组间具有可比性.1.2 研究方法1.2.1 艾滋病知识健康教育的方法利用新生报到后的安全教育周对全体新入学研究生开展1 h艾滋病知识专题讲座.由研究者编写统一的艾滋病知识健康教育专题报告课件,包括基本知识、流行现状、预防、干预措施、国家艾滋病防治政策、感染者关怀等方面内容.在具有良好扩音设备的多媒体报告厅进行专题讲座培训,由多年高校传染病防控经验的主任医师主讲.此外,给每位研究生新生发放艾滋病宣传资料并附发学校关于认真学习相关知识的通知.同时,通过在医院开辟艾滋病知识专栏,设置校园内艾滋病主题黑板报、组织艾滋病防控学生志愿者社团活动、建立班级微信群等方式,及时推送、普及艾滋病及其防治相关知识.1.2.2 问卷调查法由研究者自行编制问卷,设计时参考相关文献资料并结合研究生特点,经过专题小组讨论,专家评阅等过程,共设计2份调查表:第1份调查表(健康教育前使用)内容主要涵盖个人基本情况、生活方式、艾滋病知识、性相关知识、健康教育需求及获得知识途径等,共35题,其中含5题多选题、29题单选题及1题简答题;第2份调查表(健康教育后使用)内容主要针对艾滋病相关知识,采用《国八条》(8题单选题),其中答对6题及以上的同学视为“知晓”,否则视为“不知晓”.1.2.3 网上问卷调查法在健康教育前后,对所抽取的研究生新生各进行1次手机端或电脑网上问卷调查(共2次),第1次是新生报到当天填写,第2次是在集中统一完成艾滋病知识专题学习后填写.操作时,研究者在辅导员和助班配合下,由预先培训过的调查员对学生讲解本次调查的意义及健康教育前后2次填写调查表的要求.调查问卷采用匿名方式,答题者无任何提示或辅助信息,通过网络确认问卷的回收情况及有效性.由于问卷填写者流失,健康教育专题讲座前后样本差异为38人.此外,研究者还对部分研究生新生进行面对面访谈.1.3 统计分析应用SPSS 19.0软件所获的数据进行一般描述性分析和χ2检验,P<0.05为差异显著.2 结果2.1 研究生新生艾滋病知识健康教育前后知晓率比较通过艾滋病知识健康教育,研究生新生艾滋病总体知晓率显著提高(χ2=169.343,P<0.05),由受教育前的57.8% (331/573)上升至受教育后的92.0% (492/535).各具体知识问题知晓率比较,受教育前后知晓率差异均具有统计意义(P<0.05).其中,健康教育对于艾滋病严重程度的基本认知 (Q1)、传播途径(Q2)、毒品对于艾滋病感染的风险影响 (Q6)、高危性行为后的检测干预手段 (Q7)及国家对于艾滋病感染者的关怀保护政策 (Q8)5个方面的知晓率提升效果尤为显著.研究生新生艾滋病知识健康教育前后知晓率比较详细情况见表1.表1 研究生新生艾滋病知识健康教育前后知晓率比较知识问题教育前知晓率/%(n=573)教育后知晓率/%(n=535)χ2PQ1.艾滋病是一种不可治愈的严重传染病吗?61.8(354)82.1 (439)55.902<0.01**Q2.目前我国青年学生中艾滋病流行呈快速增长趋势,主要传播方式为男性同性性行为,其次为异性性行为,是吗?49.4(283)77.9(417)96.972<0.01**Q3.通过外表可以判断一个人是否感染了艾滋病?74.5(427)93.5(500)72.603<0.01**Q4.日常生活和学习接触会感染艾滋病吗?86.0(493)95.3(510)27.827<0.01**Q5.坚持正确使用安全套可以减少感染和传播艾滋病的风险吗?83.8(480)99.6(533)88.743<0.01**Q6.使用新型毒品(如冰毒、摇头丸、K 粉等)会增加感染艾滋病的风险吗?58.7(336)85.0(455)94.468<0.01**Q7.发生高危行为后(共用针具吸毒/不安全性行为等),应主动寻求艾滋病检测与咨询吗?66.1(378)99.3(531)208.016<0.01**Q8.艾滋病病毒感染者的结婚/就业/入学等权益受我国法律保护吗? 56.3(322)93.3(499)198.152<0.01** 回答正确6题及以上57.8(331)92.0(492)169.343<0.01**注:括号内容为答对人数;*表示P<0.05,差异显著;**表示P<0.01,差异极显著.2.2 研究生新生生活习惯情况在生活习惯方面,研究生新生入学后基本延续之前大学阶段的生活习惯.由于学校生活大多可以自主安排,因此,生活习惯上具有较大差异性.问卷调查结果显示,分别有17.80%和4.20%的学生有喝酒史和吸烟史;75.00%的学生每日平均睡眠不足7 h;有56.70%的学生每周锻炼少于3次;19.40%的学生存在饮食规律问题;同时,绝大多数受访学生每天连续上网超过2 h,占总样本的84.30%.具体情况见图1.图1 研究生新生生活习惯情况(n=573,下同)2.3 研究生新生对性教育环境、性观念及性传染病的了解情况2.3.1 性教育环境、性观念及性知识掌握情况笔者也对研究生的性教育环境、性观念及相关的性知识掌握情况进行了调查.结果显示,绝大多数学生羞于和家长、老师或者同学谈及性方面的问题或讨论相关知识.仅有27.1%的受访学生与家长谈及过性的问题,15.9%的学生选择经常和同学讨论性相关话题.当遇到困惑时,只有18.5%的学生会选择向父母或老师寻求帮助.同时,研究结果还体现了性教育的缺失及教育质量的欠佳:超过半数(52.9%)受访学生从未阅读过性教育书籍或观看性教育视频;有64.9%的学生表达了对学校现有性教育的不满.在性观念方面,受访学生对于婚前性行为(80.8%)、同性恋(66.8%)的认可度较高,但有4.9%的学生对自己的性取向存疑.受访学生对于性教育的重要程度认识充分(98.8%),且83.2%的学生可以采取正常态度面对“敏感”性话题.有58.1%的学生认为自己了解性知识,但仍有41.0%的学生对避孕套的用法知识欠缺.研究生新生性教育环境、性观念及知识掌握具体情况见表2.表2 研究生新生性教育环境、性观念及知识掌握情况(n=573)分类问题问题选项人数占比/%性教育环境您的家长有跟您谈起过关于性的问题吗?有15527.1没有41872.9您觉得您曾经接受过的学校性教育怎么样?好20135.1不好37264.9您有看过性教育视频、性教育书籍之类吗?有27047.1没有30352.9您会和同学经常在一起讨论性方面的话题吗?会9115.9不会48284.1在性方面有困惑时会咨询老师或者父母吗?会10618.5不会46781.5性观念及知识对婚前性行为的看法可以理解46380.8反对11019.2对同性恋的态度认可38366.8不认可19033.2对性教育的态度重要56698.8不重要71.2认为自己了解性知识了解33358.1不了解24041.9面对性相关“敏感话题”正常47783.2回避9616.8怀疑自己性取向有284.9没有54595.1知道避孕套的用法知道33859.0不知道23541.02.3.2 性知识获取途径、需求及性传染病的了解情况本研究同时对性教育存在问题、责任、知识来源途径、青年学生对性知识期望及性传染病了解的情况进行了调查 .研究结果表明,受访者认为目前我国性教育存在的主要问题依次是:1)学校不重视(79.58%);2)形式和内容不佳(69.46%);3)教师父母本身缺乏性知识(68.76%);4)学生不愿意参加(52.01%);5)老师和家长反对(50.26%).具体情况见图2.研究生新生认为应该承担性教育的责任主体前3位依次是:1)学校(78.53%);2)自己(73.12%);3)家长(72.77%).具体情况见图3.研究生获取艾滋病及性相关知识的渠道依次是:1)网络(85.34%);2)电视广播(68.94%);3)学校(68.24%);4)书报杂志(53.93%);5)亲朋(23.56%).具体情况见图4.性传染病了解情况调查显示,研究生较为了解的性传染病前3位依次为:1)艾滋病(98.8%);2)梅毒(62.0%);3)淋病(40.8%).针对研究生新生性知识期望的调查显示,学生希望开展艾滋病健康教育的内容中,居于前3位的依次是:1)性卫生知识(82.6%);2)预防性病、艾滋病知识(80.1%);3)性心理知识 (73.0%).具体情况见表3.图2 中国性教育中存在问题的观点图3 研究生对谁应该承担性教育责任的观点比较图4 研究生获得艾滋病相关知识的途径表3 研究生新生性知识期望(n=573)性知识的内容人数选择的比例/%传授避孕知识36363.4传授性心理知识41873.0传授预防性病、艾滋病知识45980.1传授性卫生知识47382.6传授性道德知识36363.4传授性生理知识40670.93 讨论3.1 开展专题讲座、知识竞赛、宣传资料发放、微信推送等多种形式的健康教育成效明显调查结果显示,开展以艾滋病知识专题讲座、知识竞赛、宣传资料发放、微信推送等多种形式一体化健康教育方式,能有效提高研究生新生艾滋病知识的总体知晓率(从教育前的57.8%提高到教育后的92.0%).其中,对于教育前明显欠缺的相关知识,如高危行为后主动寻求检测、国家关怀政策、吸毒增加感染艾滋病风险等方面知晓率提高尤为显著.教育前后知晓率的差异表明,研究生群体对艾滋病的关注度仍存在不足,但对知识的接受能力较强,通过多渠道、多方面的宣传教育,往往能起到立竿见影的效果.研究生的学习、科研任务繁重,参加社团活动又相对较少,因此,针对研究生艾滋病的健康教育,可更多地考虑新媒体,如建立微信群等方式,将艾滋病知识通过微信群进行推送、宣传,以提高研究生对于艾滋病的关注度及相关知识的可及性.3.2 性教育能提升研究生对艾滋病知识的理解,增强对艾滋病的防范意识当前性传播是我国艾滋病流行的主要方式[5],尤其是男男同性性行为[6].控制艾滋病经性传播是我国艾滋病防治工作的重点和面临的难点[7].本次调查发现,研究生对于性知识的获取需求迫切,其中93.9%的受访学生希望接受更多的艾滋病及性知识教育.同时调查结果也表明,目前我国性教育存在的主要问题是学校不重视、形式和内容欠佳、教师和父母本身性知识缺乏.64.9% 受访学生表达了对学校性知识教育的不满,且绝大多数学生羞于与同学、老师及家长讨论性方面话题,但可以理解婚前性行为.由于学校性教育的长期“失语”及家庭性教育的“缺位”,网络成了获取艾滋病及性相关知识的主要渠道.然而,网络信息所存在的系统性和完整性缺陷,会使得性知识教育效果难以保证.未经筛选的错误信息更会导致适得其反的负面效应.研究生新生处在性活跃期,随着网络交友的便捷及性观念的日渐开放,对性相关知识缺乏系统学习及防范能力不足,使得其成为感染艾滋病的高危人群.因此,开展艾滋病知识健康教育,对于高等院校研究生对艾滋病知识的理解和防范意识的提升具有重要意义.同时,健康教育前后知晓率的差异也进一步表明了研究生新生对于艾滋病知识的了解具有内容上的结构性差异.艾滋病知识健康教育应该更具有针对性和侧重点.建议在新生艾滋病健康教育过程中,结合性知识内容重点进行生殖健康知识和性道德观教育,引导学生正确对待性冲动,学会正确使用安全套,以防性病、艾滋病的传播.3.3 健康的行为生活方式对防控艾滋病具有促进作用世界卫生组织(WHO)认为,人的疾病60%是由个人不良的行为及生活方式所引起,艾滋病也不例外.吸烟、酗酒、性乱等不良的个人行为生活方式,会不断消磨人的志气,降低人的免疫力,对艾滋病的传播起着促进的作用.本次调查显示,研究生新生在吸烟喝酒等传统“非健康”生活习惯方面行为表现尚可,然而,在新型的“亚健康”生活习惯上存在较多问题,如睡眠不足7 h,长时间的连续上网等.健康生活习惯的培养是一个逐渐积累的过程,建议对研究生新生的健康教育在性知识、艾滋病知识教育基础上,适当增加健康行为生活方式知识的内容,促使研究生新生改变一些不良的生活习惯,增强对社会、家庭及个人的健康责任感.4 结论艾滋病作为全球性的公共卫生问题正在严重威胁着人群的健康.长期性教育的缺失导致高校学生成为感染艾滋病的高危人群,高等院校也成了艾滋病疫情的“重灾区”.因此,高校艾滋病健康教育工作对于开展艾滋病知识普及和防控措施宣传,进而有效抑制艾滋病传播具有重要意义.本研究通过对新入学研究生生活方式、艾滋病知识、性相关知识、健康教育需求及获得知识途径等方面信息的收集分析,为高等院校开展艾滋病健康教育工作提供参考依据.此外,健康教育前后高校学生在艾滋病知识知晓率方面的显著差异,证明了在高等院校推行多形式、多渠道、多方位艾滋病知识一体化教育模式的有效性和必要性.同时,倡导艾滋病知识健康教育应该更具有针对性和实用性.本文的研究对象主要关注于新入学的研究生群体,建议未来研究通过大样本数据对不同学历层次、不同专业及不同家庭背景的学生群体进行更为详细的差异化分析.参考文献:【相关文献】[1]侯蕾蕾,张东方,牛家峰,等.大学生艾滋病知识宣教方法的探究[J].中国社区医师,2016,32(32):175-177.[2]黄亚阳,马迎华,周佳,等.我国15省市大学生艾滋病综合防治知识知晓情况调查[J].保健医学研究与实践,2016,13(4):14-17.[3]张欣,娜荷芽,叶墨,等.北京大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为的变化特点及影响因素[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2017,49(3):462-468.[4]苏云鹏,申元英,何梅,等.大学生艾滋病健康教育研究进展[J].中国性科学,2014,23(12):87-88.[5]熊翠欢,阳宜均.桂北某高校新生艾滋病健康教育干预前后比较分析[J].桂林师范高等专科学校学报,2017,31(4):134-137.[6]刘光军,黄少平,阙震,等.在校大学生男男性行为者艾滋病相关知识和行为调查[J].天津医学,2017,45(9):990-993.[7]梁志静,金晓燕,马琪,等.高校新生艾滋病知信行现状及健康教育需求的调查分析[J].中国医学教育技术,2017,31(5):501-505.。
艾滋病课题研究
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艾滋病课题研究1. 引言艾滋病(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome,AIDS)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV)感染引起的一种免疫系统紊乱和功能损害的疾病。
自20世纪80年代中期以来,艾滋病成为全球公共卫生领域的重大挑战之一。
本文将围绕艾滋病的流行状况、传播途径以及预防措施展开讨论。
2. 艾滋病的流行状况据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)数据,截至2020年底,全球共有约3800万人感染了HIV病毒,其中约2200万人已死亡。
艾滋病主要集中在低收入国家和中等收入国家,尤其是撒哈拉以南非洲地区的疫情最为严重。
在这些地区,医疗条件落后、性行为传播、母婴传播等因素导致了艾滋病的高发和快速传播。
3. 艾滋病的传播途径艾滋病主要通过以下途径传播:•性传播:性行为中的性器官直接接触是最常见的艾滋病传播方式。
无保护性行为、多性伴侣、性伴侣中存在感染HIV病毒者等因素均增加了感染的风险。
•注射药物共用:共用感染了HIV病毒的注射器、针头等注射药物工具,或者与感染者共用过这些工具,都可能导致艾滋病的传播。
•垂直传播:未经有效阻断防护的孕妇感染了HIV病毒后,病毒可以通过妊娠、分娩、母乳喂养的方式传递给胎儿或婴儿。
4. 艾滋病的预防措施艾滋病的预防工作主要包括以下几个方面:•行为干预:宣传教育,提高艾滋病的认知和防范意识。
加强性教育,推广正确使用安全套等避孕方法,减少性传播的风险。
•病毒阻断:推广艾滋病毒检测技术和服务,早期发现感染者,及时提供抗病毒治疗。
促进艾滋病病毒感染者及高危人群的定期检测。
•母婴传播阻断:孕妇进行艾滋病病毒检测,确保感染者能够接受有效的抗病毒治疗。
出生后的婴儿也需要进行艾滋病病毒检测,并提供相应的预防措施。
5. 艾滋病的治疗与支持目前,艾滋病依然没有可治愈的方法,但通过抗病毒治疗可以有效延缓疾病的进展,提高生活质量。
艾滋调研报告
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艾滋调研报告艾滋调研报告一、背景介绍艾滋病(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome,AIDS)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV)引起的一种免疫系统损害性疾病。
自1981年爆发以来,艾滋病已经成为全球性的公共卫生问题,给人类的生命和健康带来了巨大的威胁。
二、调研目的和方法本次调研的目的是了解艾滋病的流行状况、防治措施和社会心理影响等方面的情况,为正确有效地应对艾滋病提供依据。
本次调研采用了问卷调查和专家访谈相结合的方式进行。
三、调研结果1. 艾滋病的流行状况调研结果显示,艾滋病在全球范围内仍然呈现高发态势。
尤其是一些发展中国家,艾滋病疫情严重,如非洲国家。
而在一些发达国家,虽然疫情相对较轻,但仍然需要高度关注和防范。
2. 艾滋病的防治措施调研结果显示,艾滋病的防治工作取得了一定的成绩,但仍然存在一些问题和挑战。
现阶段主要的防治措施包括宣传教育、性别平等、预防传播途径等。
然而,由于艾滋病的传播途径复杂多样,防治工作仍然任重道远。
3. 艾滋病对社会心理的影响调研结果显示,艾滋病对社会心理带来了巨大影响。
患者和他们的家庭常常面临着歧视、孤立和悲伤等问题。
部分人对艾滋病患者存在误解和偏见,这导致了社会对艾滋病的宣传和关注程度不足。
四、对策建议1. 加强艾滋病的宣传教育通过加强对艾滋病的宣传教育,提高公众对该疾病的认知度和防范意识,减少疫情的发生和传播。
2. 完善防治措施加强艾滋病的防治措施,包括提高病毒筛查、强化性教育、推行安全注射等方面的工作,以实现艾滋病的控制和治愈。
3. 关注艾滋病患者的心理健康加强对艾滋病患者及其家庭的心理支持和关怀,减少对他们的歧视和孤立,使他们能够积极面对疾病并融入社会。
五、结论艾滋病是一个全球性的公共卫生问题,对人类的生命和健康造成了巨大威胁。
通过加强宣传教育、完善防治措施和关注艾滋病患者的心理健康,我们可以更好地应对艾滋病,减少其对社会的危害。
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Report on Survey of Knowledge, Attitude, Beliefs and Practice on AIDS in Chongqing UniversitySubmitted by Su HongfangStudent ID: 20131802094Chemical Engineer DepartmentChongqing UniversityMay 25, 2014ContentAbstract ........................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
1 Introduction (2)2 Literature Review (3)3 Methodology (5)4 Results & Discussion (6)4.1 Knowledge about AIDS (6)4.1.1 Basic knowledge about AIDS (6)4.1.2 Knowledge about transmission channels of AIDS (7)4.1.3 Knowledge about effective means of AIDS prevention (7)4.2 Attitudes towards AIDS patients (8)4.3 Beliefs and practice about AIDS (10)5 Conclusion & Suggestions (13)Reference (14)Appendix (15)AbstractThis study investigated postgraduates’ knowledge, attitude towards AIDS and AIDS patients, as well as beliefs and practice about AIDS. In order to offer the scientific basis for governments’ AIDS prevention policy, an d explore an appropriate programme of AIDS education, a structured questionnaire concerning knowledge, attitude, beliefs and practice towards AIDS and AIDS patient was conducted in Chongqing university. The results shows that postgraduates have moderate or good knowledgeable about AIDS, but their attitudes toward AIDS patients were not so much positive. There are still some worries about living or working with people with AIDS, and only half of the students were willing to be the volunteer of AIDS. Keywords: AIDS, postgraduates, knowledge, attitude1 IntroductionThe AIDS epidemic is a major international public health problem. In China , there are around 1.5 to 2 million people are HIV positive. Thus, AIDS prevention is imperative to conduct both in schools and societies. It’s reported that inadequate or incorrect information about HIV/AIDS causes fear, misunderstanding and misinformation. In a study conducted in Turkish, the nursing students still have misconceptions and lack of knowledge of HIV/AIDS ( Akin et al. 2013). Maswanya et al (2006) also found that female college students in Japan have considerable misconceptions and prejudices about people living with AIDS. Similar foundings were reported.The aim of this project is to research po stgraduates’ knowledge, attitude towards AIDS and AIDS patients, as well as beliefs and practice about AIDS. Aiming to offer the scientific basis for governments’ AIDS prevention policy, and explore an appropriate programme of AIDS education.The introduction to the background and aim of this study are presented in this chapter. The rest of the dissertation is organized as follows.Chapter 2 presents a review of other researchers’ work which focus on people’s knowledge and attitude towards AIDS patients. People from different countries and various identities were researched.Chapter 3 describes the methodology used in the present study. It covers the subjects, procedure and methods of this research.Chapter 4 presents the result and discussion of this study. In this part, students’ knowledge about AIDS, attitudes towards AIDS patients and beliefs and practice about AIDS are included, and discussions were given.Finally, conclusions of the present study are given in Chapter 5 together with suggestions for schools and governments.2 Literature ReviewWith the general growth of HIV/AIDS work in many academic fields, it is much more curious about what people’s attitudes toward patients with AIDS are —especially those who accepted higher education. It’s k nown to all that HIV/AIDS is an epidemic and not discovered a cure yet. In the studies before, many researchers focused on analysing the pathological mechanism of HIV/AIDS or its effect on health. However, some research has focus on people’s knowledge of AIDS, such as if they kno w what is HIV or what’s its effect channel, other work has sought to explain the participants’ attitudes toward AIDS/HIV. At this facet, Laund and Toul(2009) conducted a random telephone survey toward HongKong residents, the results shows that the general public in Hong Kong has formed some negative perceptions of PLWHA. Discriminatory attitudes towards PLWHA are common and cover different aspects of their life. So they suggest that intervention programmes are warranted. Manchester (2009) also conducted a similar research, he carried out 6,777 people in ten cities and ten towns throughout China completing the interviews and found there was fairly widespread awareness of HIV/AIDS, however, there was still a lack of understanding of many aspects of HIV and AIDS in China. Such conditions resemble to female college students in Nagasaki, Japan. Swanny et al (2000) conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey for first year female student in Japan, it’s encouraging to see that female college students in Nagasaki, Japan have a high level of knowledge concerning AIDS/HIV , while considerable misconceptions and prejudice about patients with AIDS still exist.Except the public, professional persons were surveyed too. Olafimihan investigated Health Care Providers' knowledge of and attitude towards AIDS and AIDS patients.It’s indicated that Health Care Providers are significantly knowledgeable about AIDS, but do not have a positive attitude towards AIDS patients.what’s more , physicians and nurses/midwives have different perception ofAIDS.This kind of surveys were conducte d because improving professional persons’ knowledge and attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS is vital for providing quality care for such patients. Accordingly, Alkin et al (2013) selected 580 nursing students from three nursing schools in Turkish to assess nursing students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards people living with AIDS/HIV and to determine the variables associated with students’ knowledge and attitudes towards th em,in his article, Alkin notes that nursing students still have misconceptions and a lack of knowledge ofHIV/AIDS and that their attitudes need to be improved.Although those researches are specific enough,they are not related to the higher educated peopl e’s attitudes toward AIDS.In order to learn this,a study was conducted in Chongqing University,and the sample was consist of 125 post graduates who were required to complete questionnaires involve knowledge of AIDS and the transmission routes as well as the attitudes toward people living with AIDS/HIV.125 valid answers were obtained finally.3 MethodologySubjectsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey for postgraduates was conducted at Engineering School in Chongqing University. A total of 125 students whose age ranged from 23 to 25 years fully completed questionnaires, representing a valid response rate of 100%.ProcedureQuestionnaires were administered while the students were in the classroom after explaining the nature and anonymity of the survey, and assuring confidentiality of the personal responses. The survey was conducted in class. Participants were asked not to communicate with each other during administration of the questionnaire so as to encourage honest response.MethodsThe questionnaire had 46 questions, divided into three subscales. The first section had 27 questions testing students’ knowledge about AIDS, 7 questions about basic knowledge, 12 questions about transmission channels, and 8 items about effective preventions respectively. The second section had 10 questions relating to attitudes toward people with AIDS, including two hypothetical situations. The third section consisted of 9 questions about beliefs and practices on AIDS.4 Results & Discussion4.1 Knowledge about AIDS4.1.1 Basic knowledge about AIDSTableⅠshows students’ basic knowledge about AIDS. For all but the statement ‘AIDS can not be cured’ and the question ‘How long can the HIV survive after leaving human body?’(64%), most respondents (80%) gave correct answers to the others questions and all of the respondents heard about AIDS.This demonstrates that postgraduates generally had good basic knowledge of AIDS, because all of them are higher educated and easily access to the related information, however, they didn’t have a further understanding of it. For example, 27% of the students don’t know that how long the HIV can survive after leaving human body,and 20% of the students though there is an effective vaccine. So education such as a lecture about AIDS/HIV is still needed to improve their AIDS knowledge.TableⅠ. Students’ basic knowledge about AIDSQuestions Correct response Correct answer1. Have you heard about AIDS? Yes, I heard it 100%2. AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 96.3%3. HIV is Human Immunodeficiency Virus 95%4. How long can the HIV survive after leaving human body? HIV dies in a few minutes after leavinghuman body73%5. Which statement is correct? The people who are infected with AIDS virusare just AIDS virus carrier. After a longperiod of development, they become AIDSpatient.96%6.1 AIDS can not be cured. True 64% 6.2 Their is an effective vaccine False 80% 10. Could it be possible that a personwho looks healthy is a HIV infectedperson?Possible 95%4.1.2 Knowledge about transmission channels of AIDSAll students knew that blood transfusion with untested blood can transmit the virus. Again, almost all students answered correctly about ‘share an injection needle’, ‘shake, hug with an AIDS person’, ‘polite kiss on cheek’, ‘sexual intercourse without safety measure’. Misconceptions do exist, however. Nearly a half of respondents (49%) struggled with ‘mosquito bites’, and 19% of the students answered wrongly about ‘mending tooth with non-sterile equipment’ and ‘sneezing and coughing’. (TableⅡ).It seems that most students knew that blood, sex and mother-to-fetus are the three main transmission routes, but there were some misunderstandings which tend to produce prejudices against those having AIDS/HIV.TableⅡ.Students’ knowledge about transmission channels of AIDSChannel Correct response Correct answer 7.1 Share an injection needle when taking drug True 99%7.2 Blood transfusion with untested blood True 100%7.3 Treatment/mending tooth with non-sterileTrue 81% equipment7.4 Mother with AIDS gives birth to the baby True 96%7.5 Mosquito bites False 51%7.6 Shake, hug with an AIDS person False 99%7.7 Polite kiss on cheek with an AIDS person False 99%7.8 AIDS person’s sneezing and coughing False 81%7.9 Talk with an AIDS person in short distance False 94%7.10 Have dinner with an AIDS person False 90%7.11 Share the public facilities with an AIDS person False 85%7.12 Sexual intercourse without safety measure True 98%4.1.3 Knowledge about effective means of AIDS preventionApart from ‘Timely cure other sex diseases’ and ‘Not living in the same room with a HIV person’, the percentage of those who gave correct answers to the rest of 6 questions was high (92%). Students knew that the following measures were highlyeffective in preventing the transmission of AIDS: keep to a single sex partner (94%), use condom (95%), not share a needle with anyone (100%), be cautious about getting blood transfusion (100%), take HIV test before getting pregnancy (98%), no breast feeding (92%). While there were still some students (39%) didn’t know that timely cure other sex diseases is an effective precautionary measures, and nearly a quarter misunderstood that not living in the same room with a HIV person was a mean to prevent HIV infections (Table Ⅲ).Although there has no direct connections between other sex diseases and AIDS, it’s obvious that timely cure other sex diseases can lower the risk of AIDS transmission. Generally, living in the same room with a HIV person would not affected with AIDS, so it’s not an effective mean of prevention. It’s students’ fears which lead to their misconceptions, so that any closely contact would arose their worries about been affected with AIDS.Table Ⅲ.Students’ knowledge about effective means of AIDS preventionMeasures CorrectresponseCorrectanswer8.1 Keep to a single sex partner True 94%8.2 Use condom when having sex True 95%8.3 Not share a needle with anyone True 100%8.4 Be cautious about getting blood transfusion True 100%8.5 Timely cure other sex diseases True 61%8.6 Take HIV test before getting pregnancy True 98%8.7 No breast feeding to the baby when mother is infected with HIV True 92%8.8 Not living in the same room with a HIV person False 77%4.2 Attitudes towards AIDS patientsTable Ⅳshows students’ attitudes toward AIDS patients. 23% of students thought that AIDS patients should be separated from the health people, 20% agree that the privacy of the AIDS people should not be stressed, and nearly one third thought that the employment/promotion of HIV/AIDS people should be restricted,what’s more, 12% of the students though s chools have rights to refuse the attendance of the children whose close relatives are HIV/AIDS people. Things became worse when it comes to living or working with AIDS patients. Only 70% of the students indicated that they would treat their family members as before and keep living together with them (Fig.1), 33% chose to keep the disease as a secret for one of his employee and let him go (Fig.2).This indicate that students’ attitudes towards people living with AIDS is not so much positive, even if they had moderate or good knowledge of AIDS. It seems that students still had some worries about living or working with AIDS patients. It’s no doubt that this is caused by fears, while fears is just the superficial reasons. The underneath reasons is the impact of surroundings. Chinese are traditional and sex is quite a sensitive topic to talk about in the public, which hinder the universal education of AIDS. People who can not accept the systematic AIDS education is very likely to produce negative attitude toward AIDS patients, although postgraduates are higher educated, lacking of systematic and pragmatic AIDS education programme is still existence in colleges. So measures should be taken to change the bad situation.Table Ⅳ.Students’ attitudes toward AIDS patientsMeasures Agree Disagree I don’t know 9.1 Only the immoral people get AIDS 5% 95%9.2 Anyone can be infected with AIDS 91% 9%9.3 HIV/AIDS infected people should be separated23% 75% 2%from the health people9.4 For most people `s benefits, the privacy of the20% 77% 3%HIV/AIDS people should not be stressed9.5 The employment/promotion of HIV/AIDS people29% 71%should be restricted9.6 HIV/AIDS people`s right to use public2% 97% 1% transportation, public facilities should be deprived of2% 98%9.7 Hospitals have rights to reject treatment ofHIV/AIDS people9.8 Schools have rights to refuse the attendance of the12% 87% 1%children whose close relatives are HIV/AIDS peopleFig.1Students’ re sponse about family members with AIDSFig.2 Students’ attitudes towards with employee4.3 Beliefs and practice about AIDSAs is shown in Table Ⅴ, the main source of information about AIDS was the mass media ,with TV/internet ranking first, followed by magazines, mouth-to-mouth from friends/parents and newspapers. 73% of the respondents thought that it’s very essential for universities to educate students about AIDS. It appears that the massmedia have succeeded in raising AIDS awareness, and educational interventions is expected to promote practice toward people with AIDS.It’s surprised to see that the vast majority of the students were not worried (59%) (or not much worried 24% )about been infected HIV. More than 70% of the students would take measures to protect themselves, and students want to know the information about precautions most, followed by the transmission channels and symptom. Although the majority of students (93%) thought they have responsibility for the prevention of AIDS’ spread, onl y 58% of the respondents though that everyone should take the main responsibility for AIDS prevention and wanted to be a volunteer.It’s unexpected to see that so many respondents did not want to be a volunteer for AIDS prevention. As Chinese are quite conservative, it would be a long time to change their concepts of AIDS patients, even if those students with higher education. However, lacking of knowledge is also a reason leading to their prejudice, so schools and governments need to pay much attention on the education of AIDS.Table Ⅴ. Students’ b eliefs and Practices about AIDS17.The media you get most knowledge about AIDS (only one item)A. Newspaper (9%)B. TV (35%)C. Magazines (11%)D. Mouth-to-mouth from friends/parents (10%)E. Internet (35%)15. Do you think the university should educate students about AIDS?A. It is very essential (73%)B. It is necessary (27%)C. It is not necessary13. Are you worried that you will be infected HIV?A.Worried (17%)B. not much worried (59%)C. not worried at all (24%)14. To protect yourself, what are you going to do (more than one items are allowed)e condom when having sex 37 (79%)B. Keep to a single sex partner 44 (80%)C.Avoid sex outside of marriage 36 (74%)D. I don`t know (2%)16. The information you want to know most (only one item)A. How to prevent being infected (55%)B. the transmission channels (20%)C.Symptom of AIDS and treatment methods (25%)18. Do you think you have responsibility for the prevention of AIDS` spread?A.Yes 51 (93%)B. No 1 (2%)C. I don`t know 2 (5%)19. Who do you think should take the main responsibility for AIDS prevention ? (only one item)A. Central government (8%)B. Local government (4%)C. Health Administration Department (16%)D HIV/AIDS patients (14%) E. Everyone (58%)20. Do you want to be a volunteer for AIDS prevention?A. Yes (58%)B. No (42%)5 Conclusion & SuggestionsThe study revealed that postgraduates have moderate or good knowledgeable about AIDS, but their attitudes toward AIDS patients were not so much positive. There were still some worries about living or working with people with AIDS, and only half of the students were willing to be the volunteer of AIDS.Based on the fundings that emanated from this study, the following suggestions are made:For schools, there is the need to pay much attention to the education about AIDS, especially the knowledge about transmission and preventions, aiming to achieve behavioral and attitudinal changes towards people living with AIDS.For govern ments, it’s necessary to devote more resource to the problem of AIDS, such as enhancing the propaganda of AIDS knowledge and making some related policies.The most important is that individuals should treat AIDS patients without discriminate through learning informations and joining some meaningful activities about AIDS. Also, there would be a great change if everyone take the AIDS prevention as their own responsibilities.ReferenceAkin,S.et al,(2013) ‘Turkish nursing students’ knowledge of and a ttitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS’. Journal of Clinical Nursing,22,3361-3371Lau JTF and Tsui HY (2006) ‘Discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS and associated factors:a population based study in the Chinese general population’. Retrieved March 5,2009,from/qikan/pfbxyxbx/xcsgryxqk/20054812/20080831180105235214232 Manchester,T.(2014) ‘Attitudes towards HI V/AIDS in China: Research on public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in cities and towns’.Maswanya,E. et al,(2000) ‘Knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS among female college students in Nagasaki, Japan’.Health Education Research,15,5-11.Olafimihan,E.O.‘Health Care Providers' Knowledge of, and Attitude towards AIDS and AIDS Patients’.AppendixKnowledge, Attitude, Beliefs and Practice on AIDSTotal NO. of valid answer: 125Postgraduates from Engineering Schools, Chongqing UniversityAge: 23-251.Have you ever heard about AIDS?A Yes, I heard it (100%) B. No, I never heard it. C. I don’t know2. AIDS isA. a sex disease (2%)B. a blood disease (1.7%)C. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (96.3%)D. homosexual disease3. HIV isA. a shorten name for an organization of preventing AIDS (1.4%)B. an AIDS vaccine (疫苗)(1.6%)C. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (95%)D. an effective medicine for AIDS treatment (2%)4. How long can the HIV survive after leaving human body?A. HIV will not die forever (10.5%)B. HIV dies after leaving human body immediately (16.5%)C. HIV dies in a few minutes or tens minutes after leaving human body. (73%)5. Which statement is correct?A. The people who are infected AIDS virus are AIDS patient (4%)B. The people who are infected with AIDS virus are just AIDS virus carrier.After a longperiod of development, they become AIDS patient (96%)10. Could it be possible that a person who looks healthy is a HIV infected person?A. Possible (95%)B. Impossible (3%)C. I don’t know (2%)11. If one of your family members is unfortunately infected with HIV, you will (choose only one item)A. treat him/her as before and keep living together with him/her (70%)B. find another place for him/her to live alone (8%)C. not know what to do (22%)12. If you were a leader and found that one of your employee was infected HIV/AIDS, you wouldA. keep the disease as a secret for him and let him go on working (33%)B. keep the disease as a secret for him but let him go home(fire him) (55%)C. publicize his disease and fire him (1%)D. not know what to do. (11%)13. Are you worried that you will be infected HIV?A. worried (17%)B. not much worried (59%)C. not worried at all (24%)14. To protect yourself, what are you going to do (more than one items are allowed)A. Use condom when having sex 37(79%)B. Keep to a single sex partner44(80%)C. Avoid sex outside of marriage 36(74%)D. I don’t know (2%)15. Do you think the university should educate students about AIDS?A. It is very essential (73%)B. it is necessary (27%)C. It is not necessary16. The information you want to know most (only one item)A. how to prevent being infected (55%)B. the transmission channels (20%)C. symptom of AIDS and treatment methods (25%)17. The media you get most knowledge about AIDS (only one item)A. Newspaper (9%)B. TV (35%)C. Magazines(11%)D. Mouth-to-mouth from friends/parents (10%)E. Internet (35%)18. Do you thin k you have responsibility for the prevention of AIDS’ spread?A. Yes, 51 (93%)B. No 1(2%)C. I don’t know 1(5%)19. Who do you think should take the main responsibility for AIDS prevention?( only one item)A. Central government (8%)B. Local government (4%)C. Health Administration Department (16%)D. HIV/AIDS patients (14%)E. Everyone (58%)20. Do you want to be a volunteer for AIDS prevention?A. Yes (58%)B. No (42%)。