通感意象的功能

通感意象的功能透视与语言建构

摘要:通感既是一种心理现象,又是一种语言现象。由通感生成的意象包孕着审美主体对审美客体的一种认知规律,同时对通感意象的研究也开拓了美学领域与诗学领域的新境。在认知的范畴里,通感意象一般产生于由低级感官域的意象到高级感官域的意象的映射,亦即从可及性较强的意象特征到可及性较弱的意象特征的映射;在美学的范畴里,通感意象作为一种新颖的隐喻意象丰富了主体的审美体验;而在文学的范畴里,通感意象则具有诗学的功能,表现出叙事的文学性。通过对通感意象语言类型的解构有助于我们更深入地认知通感意象的多面特性。通感意象是变异的、陌生化的意象,是意象范畴中的非典型意象,具有标记性特征,即感觉的移借、沟通的表现特征,其诗学功能是构建前景效果。在语言结构上,通感意象能造成语言感受上的陌生感、新奇感,使语言表现具有诗学价值,让人体验到通感意象语言的多感性,语言意境的丰富性和完美性。

关键词:通感意象;诗学功能;审美功能;认知功能;语言建构

Abstract: Synesthesia is not only a psychological phenomenon, but also a linguistic phenomenon. Synesthesia is generated by the image of Embedding the aesthetic of the main object of a perception of aesthetic rules, while synaesthetic imagery research has also pioneered the field of aesthetics and poetics of the field of new ground. In the cognitive category, synaesthetic imagery typically arises from the lower senses the image of the domain to advanced sensory field mapping imagery, that is, from the availability of strong imagery and sexual characteristics which may be characterized by weak mapping imagery ; in the aesthetics category, Synesthesia image as a novel metaphor for the main image of a rich aesthetic experience; and in the literature category, the pass has a poetic sense of imagery is the function, showing the literary narrative. Synaesthesia Imagery by the type of deconstruction of language helps us to pass more in-depth understanding of the multi-faceted characteristics of a sense of imagery. Synaesthesia image is variation, the strange-oriented image, is the image category of atypical images, with marked characteristics, namely, the shift by feel, and communication performance characteristics, its function is to build the future poetics effect. In language structure, language synaesthetic imagery can lead to feelings on the strangeness, novelty, so that the performance of a poetic language value, people experience a synaesthetic imagery language, multi-perceptual, language, mood of the richness and perfection.

Key words:synaesthetic image; poetic function; aesthetic function; cognitive function; lin guistic construction

在生活的经验中,人的眼、耳、鼻、舌、身诸种感官在特定的环境下往往是彼此相通的。这一点可以从生理学与心理学的研究成果中得以证实。人的各种感官虽然各司其职,对各自的适宜刺激(adequate stimulus)经内导神经传到大脑的皮质,进入能够引起兴奋的相应区域。这种兴奋的“分化”使其他区域相对“抑制”,因而不同的区域刺激物会产生不同的反应,出现个体(individual)感觉域的表现。但大脑皮层的各个“区域”间不是彼此孤立的、相互隔绝的,它们的边缘地带有许多“叠合区”,具有连接、协调、沟通的作用,在兴奋分化的同时,产生兴奋泛化,引起心理感觉的挪移,在心理上表现为一种幻觉,甚至是错觉。正因为如此,也就有了“颜色似乎会有温度,声音似乎会有形象,冷暖似乎会有重量,气味似乎会有锋芒”之说。在语言呈现的策略上,通感是用属于乙感官范畴的语义单位去组配属于甲感官范畴的语义单位,或用乙感官域的心理表征去描写甲感官域的心理表征,通过语言的表意功能将不同的官能感觉综合化,以创造新奇意境的积极修辞方式。这种艺术语言所唤起的通感意象较之一般意象更具有诗学、审美与认知的价值。有鉴于此,本文拟就通感意象的诗学、审美和