英汉翻译的8大差异

翻译中的英汉8大差别

一、英语重结构，汉语重语义

Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived。

译文：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，到这时数字时代就来到了。

二、英语多长句，汉语多短句

Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

译文：人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。

三、英语多从句，汉语多分句

On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

译文：总的来说，得出这样一个结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同；他也没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。

四、主语，宾语等名词成分“英语多代词，汉语多名词”

There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

译文：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目及装有污染监测器的汽车，一旦这些汽车污染超标(或违规)，监测器就会使其停驶。

五、英语多被动，汉语多主动

And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes of scientists, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.

译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比，认为这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。

六、英语多变化，汉语多重复

The monkey's most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle.

译文：这只猴子最了不起的成就是学会驾驶拖拉机。到九岁的时候，这只猴子已经学会了单独表演驾驶拖拉机了。

七、英语多抽象，汉语多具体

Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points that the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more "unnatural food."

译文：除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。

八、英语多引申，汉语多推理

While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

译文：尽管关于历史的定义几乎和历史学家一样多，现代实践最符合这样一种定义，即把历史看作是对过去重大历史事件的再现和解释。