1990年考研英语阅读真题及详细解析

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1986-1990年考研英语真题答案及解析

1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Close Test一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。

第一段总述文中主人公Annie每周三下午都进城购物。

二至四段具体讲述了她某一次的购物经历。

二、试题具体分析1.［A］so这么，那么［B］more更多［C］else其他的，别的［D］another另外一个本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配+副词用法。

［快速解题］空格所在部分For an hour or1是句子的时间状语，考生要判断选项中哪个副词代入能符合这一结构并使文意通顺。

…or so是固定搭配，用在数字之后，表示“…左右，…上下”，for an hour or so指“一个小时左右”，说明了时间，符合文意。

因此选［A］so。

［篇章分析］文章第①句总说，交待人物（Annie）、时间（每周三下午）、地点（城镇）、活动内容（购物）。

②③具体讲述活动内容：首先购买所需物品（②句），然后到家具店“橱窗购物”（③句）。

句间通过On Wednesday afternoons —For an hour or so—And then—another hour时间链条，in the market—up and down between the stalls—（leave the market）for the streets—furniture shop地点链条实现衔接。

［空格设置］此处考查so用作副词的一个惯用语…or so，表示约指，例句：There were20people or so there.那儿差不多有20个人。

［干扰项设置］其他项都是常用的副词。

else用于疑问句或nothing，something，everybody等之后，如：What else did he say?他还说了些什么？or else意为“要不然，否则”，是连词词组，引导句子，如：Hurry up or else you’ll be late.快点，否则你就要迟到了。

【考研英语】历年考研英语真题答案(1990—2003年)

Section II: Use of English (10 points)21. [A] 22. [B] 23. [C] 24. [D] 25. [C]26. [B] 27. [D] 28. [C] 29. [A] 30. [D]31. [A] 32. [D] 33. [B] 34. [D] 35. [C]36. [D] 37. [B] 38. [A] 39. [C] 40. [A]Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points)41. [B] 42. [A] 43. [C] 44. [D] 45. [B]46. [A] 47. [B] 48. [B] 49. [A] 50. [D]51. [C] 52. [D] 53. [C] 54. [B] 55. [A]56. [C] 57. [A] 58. [B] 59. [D] 60. [C]Part B (10 points)61. 而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

62. 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。

63. 强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

64. 泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。

65. 因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。

Section IV: Writing (20 points)66. 参考范文As is shown in the two pictures, the same flower has different fate when put in different situations. When there is protection, the flower blooms beautifully. However, when exposed directly to rain and storm, the flower quickly withers. We can safely come to the conclusion that greenhouse flowers cannot withstand rain and storm.The same is true with our children. As the one-child policy is adopted in China, more and more parents overprotect their children. With everything done for them and every need satisfied by their parents or grandparents, these only children seem to be healthy, happy and high-spirited. But when they leave home, they become disappointed and frustrated. Facing harsh things they have never experienced before, such as competition from peers, criticism from supervisors, pressure for deadlines and restriction for discipline, they will be at a loss, miserable or even desperate. In fact, the more protection they get from their parents, the less ability they acquire. Parents’ love for their children turns out to be a disaster.Children, like flowers, should be treated with care, but reasonable and sensible ways of doing things will help to bring about more fruitful results, if we not only love our children but also teach them how to love, our love will be passed down from generation to generation; if we not only solve problems for our children but also encourage them to solve problems, our diligence and ingenuity will make our life more meaningful and worthwhile.Section II: Use of English (10 points)21. [A] 22. [D] 23. [C] 24. [B] 25. [B]26. [A] 27. [D] 28. [D] 29. [C] 30. [B]31. [D] 32. [A] 33. [A] 34. [C] 35. [B]36. [D] 37. [A] 38. [C] 39. [B] 40. [C]Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points)41. [C] 42. [B] 43. [D] 44. [D] 45. [A]46. [C] 47. [C] 48. [D] 49. [B] 50. [C]51. [B] 52. [D] 53. [D] 54. [A] 55. [A]56. [B] 57. [C] 58. [B] 59. [A] 60. [D]Part B (10 points)61. 难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

1986-1990年考研英语真题及解析

1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and［D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)①On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. ②For an hour or 1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. ③And then, with all the things she needed 3 she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.④One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something. ⑤Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped 6 before a green armchair. ⑥There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,”and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.”⑦A pound a week... 8 , she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! ⑧A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . “Can I help you, Madam?”⑨She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .⑩“Oh, well, no,”she said. “I was just looking.”○11“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”12Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left ○the shop hurriedly. [276 words]1. ［A］so ［B］more ［C］else ［D］another2. ［A］taking ［B］making ［C］fixing ［D］keeping3. ［A］buy ［B］bought ［C］buying ［D］to have bought4. ［A］in a way ［B］by the way ［C］in the way ［D］on the way5. ［A］behind ［B］round ［C］back ［D］on6. ［A］doubted ［B］wondered ［C］puzzled ［D］delighted7. ［A］at ［B］for ［C］with ［D］in8. ［A］Why ［B］When ［C］How ［D］What9. ［A］jump ［B］leap ［C］laugh ［D］wonder10.［A］place ［B］back ［C］side ［D］front一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。

1990年考研英语翻译真题解析范文

1990年考研翻译真题解析46. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.结构分析在这个复合句中，代词those做主语，其后who引导的是个定语从句，修饰前面的those，其谓语是believe，后面that引导的是个宾语从句，从句里用了一个被动语态are largely determined by 。

核心词汇nature天性；personalities个性；behavior patterns行为模式；largely主要地，大多是；参考译文在这场争论中，那些赞成“天性”一方的人认为，我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由生物因素所决定的。

测试点：定语从句，宾语从句；被动句举一反三：nurture theory后天论；sleep patterns睡眠习惯；shortly不久；nearly差不多，几乎；hardly 几乎不47. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.结构分析that引导的是个主语从句，主句的谓语部分是is central to，在主语从句里，if anything是个插入结构，对句子结构的理解影响不大。

核心词汇if anything 如果有的话，have …to do with 和…有…关系；is central to 是…的核心参考译文我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为，即使有什么关系的话，那也是微不足道的，这就是这种理论的核心。

1990年考研英语真题

1990年考研英语真题In 1990, the Graduate Entrance Exam for English majors included the following questions:Section I: Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences:1. His dog died last night from _______.a) naturalb) naturallyc) natured) naturalize2. It was a modern hospital, _______ with sophisticated equipment.a) equippedb) equippingc) to equipd) being equipped3. My professor told me that my essay _______ be improved.a) mayb) canc) mustd) should4. The train _______ ten minutes ago.a) leftb) has leftc) would leaved) had left5. This novel is _______ of being read by everyone.a) worthyb) worthyc) worthyd) worthySection II: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.A spate of virtual reality games have recently hit the market, promising users a chance to experience faraway worlds and fantastical adventures. These games use computer technology to create a simulated environment that feels real, and many people are eagerly embracing this new form of entertainment. However, as with any new technology, there are both benefits and drawbacks to consider.One major benefit of virtual reality games is their ability to transport players to places they would never otherwise be able to visit. Users canexplore ancient civilizations, dive to the depths of the ocean, or fly through space, all from the comfort of their own homes. This sense of adventure and exploration is a huge draw for many players.Additionally, virtual reality games offer a level of immersion and interaction that traditional video games cannot match. With virtual reality, players can physically move and interact with their environment, making the experience feel more lifelike and engaging. This heightened sense of presence has captivated gamers around the world.Despite these advantages, there are also some potential drawbacks to consider. One concern is the potential for addiction. Because virtual reality games offer such a compelling and immersive experience, some individuals may find it difficult to separate the virtual world from reality. This could lead to an unhealthy attachment and neglect of real-life responsibilities.Another concern is the impact on social interaction. Virtual reality games are often played alone, which may lead to a decrease in face-to-face communication and socialization. Spending excessive amounts of time in a virtual world could isolate individuals and hinder their ability to form meaningful relationships.In conclusion, virtual reality games provide exciting opportunities for users to explore new worlds and engage in immersive experiences. However, it is important to approach this technology with caution and be mindful of the potential risks involved. By striking a balance between virtual reality and real-life, individuals can fully enjoy the benefits without letting them overshadow their daily lives.Section III: Translation (25 points)Translate the following passage from Chinese to English:中国人有一句古话：好马不吃回头草。

90-93研究生入学考试英语试题

1990年全国硕土学位研究生入学考试英语试题Ⅱ. 1In May l989 , space shuttle "Atlantis" released in outer space the space prob e "Megallan" ,which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. A new pha se in spaceexploration has begun .The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other obje ct in the solarsystem, in fact, that even comes close to earth' s size. Venus has a similar density, so it is proba-bly made of approximately the sanle stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. It isalso the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. In short,Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of "earth' s twin. "The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. Added to that is an a tmospheric pres-sure about 90 times Earth' s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide that passes for air is alayer of clouds, perhaps IO to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of s ulfuric acid(H2SO4) . Water is all but nonexistent.Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to b e so radicallydifferent : It is not just an academic matter. For all its extremes, Venus is a valuab le laboratory forresearchers studying the weather and climate of earth. It has no earth' s oceans, s o the heat trans-port and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. In addition, the planet Venus take s 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distribut ed at a moreleisurely , observable pace.16. Venus is similar to Earth in __A. size and densityB. distance from the sunC. having atmosphereD. all of the above17. The greatest value in studying Venus should be to__A. allow us to visit thereB. understand Earth betterC. find a new source of energyD. promote a new space program18. The main idea of this passage is about _A. problems of space travelB. scientific methods in space explorationC. the importance of Venus to EarthD. conditions on Venus2 Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down o ne of Rome' smain avenues. Italy' s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said t o have been evenmore puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,OOO women in aparading proces-sion that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had co me to the capi-tal from all over Italy to demonstrate for "a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a soci-ety without violence" . So far, action to improve women' s opportunities in employ ment has beenthe province of collective industrtal bargaining. "But there is a growing awareness t hat this is notenough, " says a researcher on female labor at the govemment-funded Institute for the Develop-ment of Professional Training for Workers.Women, who constitute 52 per cent of Italy' s population, today represent onl y 35 per centof Italy' s total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs. However,their presence in the workplace is growing. The employment of women is expanding considerablyin services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workpl ace. Officialstatistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employme nt. More andmore women are going into business for themselves. Many young women are turnin g to businessbecause of the growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices havedisappeared , so that banks and other financial institutes make judgements on purel y business con-siderations without caring if it is a man or a woman.Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doc tors, dentists ,lawyers , engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. Some of t he changes areimmediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first t ime as statepolice , railway workers and street cleaner.However , the present situation is far from satisfactoty though some progress has been made.A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.19 . The expression "snake through central Rome" probably means "to move_A. quietly through central Rome"B. violently through central Rome"C. in a long winding line through central Rome"D. at a leisurely pace through central Rome"20 . Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. There are more women than men in Italy.B. In Italy, women are chiefly employed in services.C. In Italy, women are still at a disadvantage in employment.D. In Italy, about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.21.About 200 ,OOO women in Rome demonstrated for_A. more job opportunitiesB. a greater variety of jobsC. "equal job, equal pay"D. both A and B22.The best title for this passage would be_A. The Role of Women is SocietyB. Women Demonstrate for Equality in EmploymentC. Women as Self-enlployed ProfessionalsD. Women and the Jobs Market3"The old idea that talanted children "burn themselves out" in the early years, and, therefore, aresubjected to failure and at worst, mental illness if unfounded. As a matter of fact, t he outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to gro w into bright adults.To find this out, l,500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth ye ar with theseresults : .On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. The y were, as agroup, in good health, physically and mentally. 84 per cent of their group were mar ried andseemed content with their lives.About 70 per cent had graduated from college , though only 30 per cent ha d graduated withhonors. A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to grad uate.Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management orsemiprofessional jobs. The women who had remained single had office , business , or professionaloccupations .The group had published 90 books and 1, 500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literarymagazines and had collected more than 100 patents.In a material way they did not do badly either. Average income was conside rably higher a-mong the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despit e their com-parative youth .In fact , far from being strange , most of the gifted were turning their earl y promise into prac-tical reality.23. The old idea that talented children "bum themselves out" in the early years is_A. true in all sensesB. refuted by the authorC. medically provenD. a belief of the author24. The survey of bright children was made toA. find out what had happened to talented children when they became adultsB. prove that talented children "burn themselves out" in the early yearsC. discover the percentage of those mentaUy ill among the giftedD. prove that talented children never bum themselves out25 . Intelligence tests showed that_A. bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthyB. between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligenceC. talented children were most likeLy to become gifted adultsD. when talented children grew into adults, they made low scores5ur personalities andbehavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63 ) That our enviro nment has lit-tle, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to thi s theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to s uch a greatdegree that we are almost completely governed bv our instincts.Those who support the "nurture" theory, that is, they advocate education, ar e often calledbehaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologicall y based in-stincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beingswhose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. ( 64 ) The beha viorists main-tain that , like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of t heir behavior.Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic , in telligence , of-fered by the two theories. (65 ) Supponers of the "nature" theory insist that we ar e born with acertain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say. They d on't believethat factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predete mlined charac-tedstic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the pr oduct of ourexperiences. (66) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environmen t where thereare many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will ex periencegreater intellectual development .The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (67 ) In the UnitedStates, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some " na-ture" proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. ( 68) Be haviorists, incontrast , say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often d eprived of many ofthe educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. .Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human beha vior.1991年全国硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Ⅱ. Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For ach question fo ur answersare given. Read the passages carefully and chnose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 poinb)lA wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil i s for good men todo nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good peopl e.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. S omething has goneterribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the ar ea of values. Akey ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isn' t hard to define. It means that every person is responsibl e for his or heractions and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization together--honesty, kindness, and so on--account-ability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no tr ust, no law--and, ultimately, no society.My job as a polioe officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people's behavior are far less effective than internal restraints s uch as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there are still communities--smaller towns,usually--where schools maintaindiscipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: "In this family certain things are nottolerated--they simply are not done! "Yet more and more, especially in our larger citis and suburbs, these inner r estraints areloosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; h e takes whathe wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty year s ago, if a crimewas committed , society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it' s the criminalwho is considered victimized : by his underpriviledged upbringing, by the school tha t didn ' t teachhim to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the pa rents whodidn' t provide a stable home.I don' t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choo se not to engagein criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountabiliy, we bec ome a soci-ety of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person w ho commits acrime is the one responsible for it.31 . What the wise man said suggests that__.A. it' s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB. it' s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC. it's only natural for vinue to defeat evilD. it's desirable for good men to keep away from evil32. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime,__.A. society is to be held responsibleB. modern civilization is rnponsible for itC. the criminal himself should bear the blameD. the standards of living should be improved33. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have__.A. less self-disciplineB. better sense of disciplineC. more mutual respect .D. less effective government34. The writer is sorry to have noticed that __.A. people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB. people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC. today ' s society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD. people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities35. The key point of the passage is that__.A. stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB. more good examples should be set for people to followC. more restrictions should be imposed on people' s behaviorD. more people should accept the value of accountability2 The period of adolescence, i. e. , the person between childhood and adultho od, may be longor short , depending on social expectations and on society' s definition as to what constitutes matu-rity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period oftime , while in industrial societies with pattems of prolonged education coupled with laws againstchild labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade ofone ' s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood statusmay change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type ofchange are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth ce ntury in the U-nited States , and more universally , the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modern society,ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recogniti on and symbolic signifi-cance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased rec ognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implie s certain behavioral changes and social recognition , the significance of each depen ds on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Cer emonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilitis. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birt hday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of child-hood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilitis are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, air plane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolesc ent is granted cenain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver' s license; he can lea ve public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At t he age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the you ng man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twen-ty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can wote, he can buy liquor,he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basicrights are acquired as a function of age alter majority status has been attained. No ne of these legalprovisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point t o the prolongedperiod of adolescence .36 . The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because__.A. the definition of maturity has changedB. the industrialized society is more developedC. more education is provided and laws against child labor are madeD. ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic signifi cance37. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to__.A. graduations from schools and collegesB.social recognitionC. socio-economic statusD. certain behavioral changes38. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is __.A. eleven years oldB. sixteen years oldC. twenty-one years oldD.between twelve and twenty-one years old39. Starting from 22,__.A. one will obtain more basic rightsB. the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will haveC. one won't get more basic rights than when he is 21D. one will enjoy more rights granted bv society.40. Acoording to the passage, it is true thatA. in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescen ce andadulthood no longer existedB. no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-oneC. one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver' s licenseD. one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the ar my3Most growing plants contaln much more water than all other materials combi ned. C. R.Darnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house com-posed mainly of brick a brick building. Certain it is that all essential processes of pl ant growth anddevelopment occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant mustbe dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root. They are c arried to all partsof the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state. The car-bon dioxide from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in t he leaf be-fore it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugars--the base materi al from whichthe plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 p ercent water.Stnlctural parts of plants, such as woodv stems no longer actively growing, may ha ve much lesswater than growlng tissues.The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, however, is only a very small partof what passes through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis, by which car-bon dioxide and water are combined-in the presence of chlorophvll ( 叶绿素) and with energyderived from light-to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. Thisoccurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great number s of minuteopenings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gasto enter the leaf, however, permits another gas-water vapor--to be lost from it. Sin ce carbondioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 1O ,000 parts of air) and watervapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 80"F , saturated air w ould containabout 186 parts of water vapor in 1O, OOO parts of air) , the total amount of wat er vapor lost ismany times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually, because of wind and other factors, the loss ofwater In proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrationsof the two gases. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesi zed into carbo-hydrates ( 碳水化合物) .41 . A growing plant needs water for all of the following except__.A. forming sugarsB. sustaining woody stemsC. keeping greenD. producing carbon dioxide42 . The essential function of photosynthesis in terms of plant needs is__.A. to form sugarsB. to derive energy from lightC. to preserve waterD. to combine carbon dioxide with water43 . The second paragraph uses facts to develop the essential idea that__.A. a plant efficiently utilizes most 0f the water it absorbsB. carbon dioxide is the essential substance needed for plant developmentC. a plant needs more water than is found in its compositionD. the stronger the wind, the more the water vapor loss44 . According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The mineral eLements will not be absorbed by the plant unless they are dissolve d in itsroot .B. The woody stems contain more water than the leaves.C. Air existing around the leaf is found to be saturated.D. Only part of the carbon dioxide in the plants is synthesized.45 . This passage is mainly about__.A. the functions of carbon dioxide and waterB. the role of water in a growing plantC. the process of simple sugar formationD. the synthesis of water with carbon dioxideⅥ . Writlng (15 point)DIRECTIONS :A) Title: WHERE TO LIVE--IN THE CITY OR THE COUNTRY?B) Time limit: 40 minutesC) Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)D) Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the giv-en opening sentence.E) Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE :1. Conveniences of the city2. Attractions of the country3. Disadvantages of both4. My preference答案:Ⅰ. l. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D6. B7. C8. B9. C 10. A11. C 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. D21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. DⅡ. 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. A 35. D36. C 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. A41. D 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. BⅢ. 46. B 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. C51. B 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C56. A 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. B1992年全国硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Ⅱ. Each of the passags below is fnllowed by some questions. For each question four ans wersare given. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SIIEET. (30 points)1 It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the mst of petrol and the quick pace of modem life,but manners on the roads are beaoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men be comemonsters behind the wheel. It is aU vvy well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to h ave onein the driver's seat is arnother matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rudeand inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule.Perhaps the situation calls for a 'Be Kind to Other Drivers' campaign, otherwise it may ge t com-pletely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most c ool-headedand good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivil ized be-havior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensio ns ofmotoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politene ss helpsto create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem tralfic condition s. Butsuch acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't evenseem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driv er whobrakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at solne hazard to following traffic,when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a chil d across azebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. Th e samegoes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always a-mazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose mallners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists l eamt tofilter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that g ive riseto bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can' t even learn to drive, let alone master thesubtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-owrner-ship explo-sion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all o f us totake this message to heart.31 . According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused byA. people' s attitude towards the road-hogB. the rhythm of modem lifeC. the behavior of the driverD. traffic conditions32. The sentence "You might tolerate the odd road-hog . . . the rule. " (Para. I ) implies thatA. our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB. rude drivers can be met only occasionallyC. the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD. nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists33. By "good sense" , the writer meansA. the driver' s ability to understand and react reasonablyB. the driver' s prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC. the driver' s tolerance of nlde or even savage behaviorD. the driver' s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations34. Experts have long pointed out that in the faoe of car-owner-ship explosion,A. road users should make more sacrificeB. drlvers should be ready to yield to each otherC. drivers should have more communication among themselvesd. drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others35. In the writer's opinion,A. strict traffic regulations are badly neededB. drivers should apply road politeness properlyC. rude drivers should be punishedD. drivers should avoid traffic jams2 In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror--the glass in th e roof ofa greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather expert' s prediction, the annosphere will be 3C warmer in t he year2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present tate. If this warming up tookplace, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres andseverely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead t o greatchanges in the climate of the nonthern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth's chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on t he Arcticbecause the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather e xpertsare now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few d egress ofwarming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the。

1986-1990年考研英语真题答案及解析

1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Close Test一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。

第一段总述文中主人公Annie每周三下午都进城购物。

二至四段具体讲述了她某一次的购物经历。

二、试题具体分析1.［A］so这么，那么［B］more更多［C］else其他的，别的［D］another另外一个本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配+副词用法。

［快速解题］空格所在部分For an hour or1是句子的时间状语，考生要判断选项中哪个副词代入能符合这一结构并使文意通顺。

…or so是固定搭配，用在数字之后，表示“…左右，…上下”，for an hour or so指“一个小时左右”，说明了时间，符合文意。

因此选［A］so。

［篇章分析］文章第①句总说，交待人物（Annie）、时间（每周三下午）、地点（城镇）、活动内容（购物）。

②③具体讲述活动内容：首先购买所需物品（②句），然后到家具店“橱窗购物”（③句）。

［空格设置］此处考查so用作副词的一个惯用语…or so，表示约指，例句：There were20people or so there.那儿差不多有20个人。

［干扰项设置］其他项都是常用的副词。

1990年考研英语1真题

1990年考研英语1真题Section I Structure and V ocabularyIn each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) EXAMPLE:I was caught the rain yesterday.[A]In[B]By[C]With[D]AtANSWER: [A]1.Those two families have been quarrelling 1 each other for many years.[A]to[B]between[C]against[D]with2.there are many things whose misuse is dangerous, bur it is hard to think of anything that canbe compared 2 tobacco products.[A]in[B]with[C]among[D]by3.“How often have you seen cases like this?” one surgeon asked another. “Oh, 3 times, Iguess,” was the reply.[A]Hundred of[B]hundreds[C]hundreds of[D]hundred4.Give me your telephone number 4 I need your help.[A]Whether[B]Unless[C]So that[D]In case5.You sang well last night. We hope you’ll sing 5 .[A]More better[B]Still better[C]Nicely[D]best6.Those people 6 a general understanding of the present situation.[A]Lack of[B]Are lacking of[C]Lack[D]Are in lack7.Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt 7 lonely.[A]Nothing but[B]Anything but[C]All but[D]Everything but8.Grace 8 tears when she heard the sad news.[A]Broke up[B]Broke into[C]Broke off[D]Broke through9.She refused to 9 the car keys to her husband until he had promised to wear hissafety belt.[A]Hand in[B]Hand out[C]Hand down[D]Hand over10.Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes 10 to American audiences.[A]Around[B]Over[C]Across[D]down11.The book contained a large 11 of information.[A]Deal[B]Amount[C]Number[D]sum12.Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable 12 to the total cost of theproduct.[A]Proportion[B]Correlation[C]Connection[D]correspondence13.When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to 13 her umbrella.[A]Carry[B]Fetch[C]Bring[D]reach14.We must 14 that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.[A]Assure[B]Secure[C]Ensure[D]issue15.He was knocked down by a car and badly 14 .[A]Injured[B]Damaged[C]Harmed[D]ruinedSection II Reading ComprehensionEach of passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answer marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Text 1In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis”release in outer space the space probe “Megallan,”which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. A new phase in space exploration has begun.The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earth’s size. Venus has similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. in short, Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of the “earth’s twin.”The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth’s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 mile thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Water is all but nonexistent.Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did V enus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter. For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth. It has no earth’s oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace.16.Venus is similar to Earth in 16 .[A] size and density.[B] distance from the sun.[C] having atmosphere.[D] all of the above.17.The greatest value in studying Venus should be to 17 .[A] allow us to visit there.[B] understand Earth better.[C] find a new source of energy.[D] promote a new space program.18.The main idea of this passage is about 18 .[A]Problems of space travel.[B]Scientific methods in space exploration.[C]The importance of Venus to Earth.[D]Conditions on Venus.Text 2Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome’s main avenues. Italy’s political leaders and some of its made union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a paradingprocession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for “a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence.” So far, action to improve women’s opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining. “But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,”says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.Women, who constitute 52 per cent of Italy’s population, today represent only 35 per cent of Italy’s total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with Jobs. However, their presence in the workplace is growing . the employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace. Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going into business for themselves. Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of woman doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. Some of the changes are immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway workers and street cleaners.However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made.A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.19.The expression “snake through central Rome” probably means “to move 19 “.[A] quietly through central Rome.[B] violently through central Rome.[C] in a long winding line through central Rome.[D] at a leisurely pace through central Rome.20.Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A]There are more women than men in Italy.[B]In Italy, women are chiefly employed in services.[C]In Italy, women are still at a disadvantage in employment.[D]In Italy, about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.21.About 200,000 women in Rome demonstrated for 21 .[A]More job opportunities.[B] A greater variety of jobs.[C]“equal job, equal pay”.[D]Both A and B.22.The best title for this passage would be 22 .[A]The Role of Women is Society.[B]Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment.[C]Women as Self-employed Professionals.[D]Women and the Jobs Market.TEXT 3The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, aresubjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.To find this out, 1,500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results:On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally. 84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors. A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate. Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs. The women who had remained single had office, business, or professional occupations.The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents.In a material way they did not do badly either. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality.23.The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years is 23 .[A] true in all senses.[B] refuted by the author.[C] medically proven.[D] a belief of the author.24.The survey of bright children was made to 24 .[A]Find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults.[B]Prove that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years.[C]Discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted.[D]Prove that talented children never burn themselves out.25.Intelligence tests showed that 25 .[A]Bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy.[B]Between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence.[C]Talented children were most likely to become gifted adults.[D]When talented children grew into adults, they made low scores.Section III Cloze TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) No one knows for sure that the world would like in the year 2001. Many books have been written 26 the future. But the 19th-century French novelist Jules Verne may be called a futurologist in the fullest 27 of the word. In his fantastic novels “A Trip to the Moon” and “80 Days Around the World,”he described with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter. These novels still have a great attraction 28 young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy.Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a 29 writer.In 2001, in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch.Television will provide information on prices at the 30 shops as well as news and entertainment. Videophones will bring pictures as well as 31 to telephone conversations.Machines will control temperature, lighting entertainment, security alarms, laundry and gardening.Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.At work, robots will take 32 most jobs in the manufacturing industries. Working hours will fall to under 30 hours a week. Holidays will get longer; six weeks will be the normal annual holiday. Men and women will retire at the same age.Our leisure will be different too. The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games. More people will eat out in restaurants 33 they do today; also they will have a much wider variety of food available. There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu. New synthetic foods will form a 34 part of people’s diets.Foreign travel will 35 ; winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones.Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cheaper. Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.26.A. in B. of C. about D. for27.A. sense B. meaning C. detail D. implication28.A. for B. of C. on D. towards29.A. today B. nowadays C. present-day D. present30.A. near B. nearby C. nearly D. nearer31.A. noise B. sound C. tone D. tune32.A. to B. away C. off D. over33.A. than B. as C. when D. while34.A. while B. popular C. daily D. regular35.A. add B. increase C. raise D. arise.Section IV Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)EXAMPLEYou have to hurry up if you want to buy something because there’s hardly something left.DANSWER: [C] anything36.Alice was having trouble to control the children because there were so many of them.37.We were very much surprised that the village was such long way from the road.38.John’s chance of being elected chairman of the committee is far greater than Dick.39.“We have won a great victory on our enemy,” the captain said.40.There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which does notbring a return in money to the community.41.The law I am referring requires that everyone who owns a car have accident insurance.42.“I considered it a honor to be invited to address the meeting of world-famous scientists,” saidProfessor Leacock.43.He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night.44.The reason for all the changes being made has not explained to us yet.45.Even though the children pretended asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came intothe room.Section V Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)EXAMPLE:It is highly desirable that a new president (appoint) for this college.ANSWER: (should) be appointed46.Buying clothes 46 (be) very time-consuming as you rarely find things that fit younicely.47.They keep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative 47 (send) to theconference on schedule.48.I must call your attention to the directions. Read them carefully and act as 48(instruct).49.Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate 49 (hear) from you soon.50.I 50 (call) to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t51.It Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore, we 51 (not have) to pick him upin the boat.52.After twenty years abroad, William came back only 52 (find) his hometown severelydamaged in an earthquake.53.The lecture 53 (begin), he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that hisleaving disturbed the speaker.54.The children were surprised when the teacher had them 54 (close) their booksunexpectedly.55.A new road will be built here, and therefore a number of existing houses 55 (have todestroy).Section VI Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English (15 points)56.你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。

考研英语答案1990-1999

1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)1. [D]2. [B]3. [C]4. [D]5. [B]6. [C]7. [B]8. [B]9. [D] 10. [C]11. [B] 12. [A] 13. [B] 14. [C] 15. [A]Section II: Reading Comprehension (20 points)16. [D] 17. [B] 18. [C] 19. [C] 20. [B]21. [D] 22. [B] 23. [B] 24. [A] 25. [C]Section III: Cloze Test (10 points)26. [C] 27. [A] 28. [A] 29. [C] 30. [B]31. [B] 32. [D] 33. [A] 34. [D] 35. [B]Section IV: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)36. [B] controlling 37. [C] such a38. [D] Dick’s 39. [C] over40. [C] do not bring 41. [A] referring to42. [B] an honor 43. [A] saw44. [D] has not been explained 45. [B] to be asleepSection V: Verb Forms (10 points)46. is 47. (should) be sent48. instructed 49. hearing50. should have called 51. would not have had52. to find 53. having begun54. close 55. will have to be destroyedSection VI: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)56. You should check all the data carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes.57. Although the experiment is complicated, they are determined to finish it on time.58. All signs showed that the man knew nothing of what had happened here.59. Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work.60. This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)61. 他们想要说明，为什么我们具有某些性格特征和表现出某些行为。

考研英语(一)答案及解析(29)

1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and VocabularyIn each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at theplace marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)EXAMPLE:I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.[A] in[B] by[C] with[D] atANSWER: [A]l. Those two families have been quarrelling ________ each other for many years.[A] to[B] between[C] against[D] with2. There are many things whose misuse is dangerous, bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared________ tobacco products.[A] in[B] with[C] among[D] by3. “How often have you seen cases like this?” one surgeon asked another. “Oh, ________ times, I gu the reply.[A] hundred of[B] hundreds[C] hundreds of[D] hundred4. Give me your telephone number ________ I need your help.[A] whether[B] unless[C] so that[D] in case5. You sang well last night. We hope you’ll sing ________.[A] more better[B] still better[C] nicely[D] best6. Those people ________ a general understanding of the present situation.[A] lack of[B] are lacking of[C] lack[D] are in lack7. Alone in a desert house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt ________ lonely.[A] nothing but[B] anything but[C] all but[D] everything but8. Grace ________ tears when she heard the sad news.[A] broke in[B] broke into[C] broke off[D] broke through9. She refused to ________ the car keys to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt.[A] hand in[B] hand out[C] hand down[D] down10. Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes ________ to American audiences.[A] around[B] over[C] across[D] down11. The book contained a large ________ of information.[A] deal[B] amount[C] number[D] sum12. Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable ________ to the total cost of the product.[A] proportion[B] correlation[C] connection[D] correspondence13. When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to ________ her umbrella.[A] carry[B] fetch[C] bring[D] reach14. We must ________ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.[A] assure[B] secure[C] ensure[D] issue15. He was knocked down by a car and badly ________.[A] injured[B] damaged[C] harmed[D] ruinedSection II: Reading ComprehensionEach of the three passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Text 1which is now on herreleased in outer space the space probe “Megallan,”　In May l989, space shuttle “Atlantis”　15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. A new phase in space exploration has begun.The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that evencomes close to earth’s size. Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. In short, Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earth’s twin.”The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth’s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Water is all but nonexistent.Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just anacademic matter. For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather andoceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. In climate of earth. It has no earth’saddition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace.16. Venus is similar to Earth in ________.[A] size and density[B] distance from the sun[C] having atmosphere[D] all of the above17. The greatest value in studying Venus should be to ________.[A] allow us to visit there[B] understand Earth better[C] find a new source of energy[D] promote a new space program18. The main idea of this passage is about ________.[A] problems of space travel[B] scientific methods in space exploration[C] the importance of Venus to Earth[D] conditions on VenusText 2Tourists were surprised to se e a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome’s main avenues. Italy political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractorwas followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake throughcentral Rome.Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy todemonstrate for “a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence.”　So far, action toimprove women’s opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining.says a researcher on female labor at the government-fundedis a growing awareness that this is not enough,”　Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.Women, who constitute 52 per cent of Italy’s population, today represent only 35 per cent of Italyand 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs. However, their presence in the workplace is growing. Theemployment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce astheir principal workplace. Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides inself-employment. More and more women are going into business for themselves. Many young women are turningto business because of the growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations withoutcaring if it is a man or a woman.Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers anduniversity professors increased two to three fold. Some of the changes are immediately visible. For example,women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway workers and street cleaner.However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made. A breakthrough inequal opportunities for women is now demanded.19. The expression “snake through central Rome” probably means “to move ________[A] quietly through central Rome.”[B] violently through central Rome.”[C] in a long wi nding line through central Rome.”[D] at a leisurely pace through central Rome.”20. Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A] There are more women than men in Italy.[B] In Italy, women are chiefly employed in services.[C] In Italy, women are still at a disadvantage in employment.[D] In Italy, about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.21. About 200,000 women in Rome demonstrated for ________.[A] more job opportunities[B] a greater variety of jobs[C] “equal job, equal pay”[D] both A and B22. The best title for this passage would be ________.[A] The Role of Women is Society[B] Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment[C] Women as Self-employed Professionals[D] Women and the Jobs MarketText 3The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to and at worst, mental illness is unfounded. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids isthat they are very likely to grow into bright adults.To find this out, l, 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results:On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. They were, as a group, in good health,physically and mentally. 84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors. A few had evendropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate. Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of theprofessions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs. The women who had remained single had office,business, or professional occupations.The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and hadcollected more than 100 patents.In a material way they did not do badly either. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people,especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality.23. The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years is ________.[A] true in all senses[B] refuted by the author[C] medically proven[D] a belief of the author24. The survey of bright children was made to ________.[A] find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults[B] prove that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years[C] discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted[D] prove that talented children never burn themselves out25. Intelligence tests showed that ________.[A] bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy[B] between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence[C] talented children were most likely to become gifted adults[D] when talented children grew into adults, they made low scoresSection III: Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D], choose thebest one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10points)No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001. Many books have been written __26__ thefuture. But the 19th-century French novelist Jules Verne may be called a futurologist in the fullest __27__ of theword. In his fantastic novels “A Trip to the Moon” and “80 Days Around the World,” he describedaeroplane and even the helicopter. These novels still have a great attraction __28__ young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy.Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a __29__ writer.In 2001, in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch.Television will provide information on prices at the __30__ shops as well as news and entertainment. Videophoneswill bring pictures as well as __31__ to telephone conversations.Machines will control temperature, lighting, entertainment, security alarms, laundry and gardening.Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.At work, robots will take __32__ most jobs in the manufacturing industries. Working hours will fall to under 30hours a week. Holidays will get longer; six weeks will be the normal annual holiday. Men and women will retire atthe same age.Our leisure will be different too. The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games. More people will eat out in restaurants __33__ they do today; also they will have a much wider variety of food available. There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu. New syntheticfoods will f orm a __34__ part of people’s diets.Foreign travel will __35__; winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones.Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cheaper. Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.26. [A] in[B] of[C] about[D] for27. [A] sense[B] meaning[C] detail[D] implication28. [A] for[B] of[C] on[D] towards29. [A] today[B] nowadays[C] present-day[D] present30. [A] near[B] nearby[C] nearly[D] nearer31. [A] noise[B] sound[C] tone[D] tune32. [A] to[B] away[C] off[D] over33. [A] than[B] as[C] when[D] while34. [A] usual[B] popular[C] daily[D] regular35. [A] add[B] increase[C] raise[D] ariseSection IV: Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identifythe part of sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)EXAMPLE:You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because [A] there’s [B] hardly something [C] left. [D] ANSWER: [C] anything36. Alice was having [A] trouble to control [B] the children because there were [C] so many [D] of them.37. We were very much surprised [A] that the [B] village was such [C] long way from [D] the road.38. John’s chance of being elected [A] chairman [B] of the committee is far [C] greater than Dick [D].39. “We have won [A] a [B] great victory on [C] our enemy [D],” the captain said.40. There are many valuable services [A] which the public are willing to pay for [B], but which does not bring [C]a return in money [D] to the community.41. The law I am referring [A] require that everyone [B] who owns [C] a car have [D] accident insurance.42. “I considered it [A] a honor [B] to be invited to address [C] the meeting of world-famous [D] scientists,” said Professor Leacock.43. He was seeing [A] somebody creeping [B] into the house through [C] the open [D] window last night.44. The reason for [A] all the [B] changes being made [C] has not explained [D] to us yet.45. Even though [A] the children pretended asleep [B], the nurses were not deceived [C] when [D] they came intothe room.Section V: Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets. Put your answers in the ANSWERSHEET. (10 points)EXAMPLE:It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college.ANSWER: (should) be appointed46. Buying clothes ________ (be) very time-consuming as you rarely find things that fit you nicely.47. They keep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative ________ (send) to the conference onschedule.48. I must call your attention to the directions. Read them carefully and act as ________ (instruct).49. Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate ________ (hear) from you soon.50. I ________ (call) to make an airline reservatio n, but I didn’t.51. If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore, we ________ (not have) to pick him up in the boat.52. After twenty years abroad, William came back only ________ (find) his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake.53. The lecture ________ (begin), he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.54. The children were surprised when the teacher had them ________ (close) their books unexpectedly.55. A new road will be built here, and therefore a number of existing houses ________ (have to destroy).Section VI: Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following into English (15 points)56. 你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。

1990年考研英语真题及解析

1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］,and ［D］. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the wholepassage before making your choice. (10 points)①No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001. ②Many books havebeen written 1 the future. ③But the 19th-century French novelist Jules Verne may be calleda futurologist in the fullest 2 of the word. ④In his fantastic novels “A Trip to the Moon”　and “80 Days Around the World,” he described with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter.⑤These novels still have a great attraction 3 young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy.⑥Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a 4 writer.⑦In 2001, in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch.⑧Television will provide information on prices at the 5 shops as well as news and entertainment. ⑨Videophones will bring pictures as well as 6 to telephone conversations.⑩Machines will control temperature, lighting, entertainment, security alarms, laundry and gardening.○11Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.○12At work, robots will take 7 most jobs in the manufacturing industries. ○13Working hours14Holidays will get longer; six weeks will be the normalwill fall to under 30 hours a week. ○annual holiday. ○15Men and women will retire at the same age.○16Our leisure will be different too. ○17The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games. ○18More people will eat out in restaurants 8 they do today;also they will have a much wider variety of food available. ○19There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu. ○20New synthetic foods will form a 9 part of people’ｓdiets.○21Foreign travel will 10 ; winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones. ○22Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cheaper. ○23Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.（321 words）1. ［A］in ［B］of ［C］about ［D］for2. ［A］sense ［B］meaning ［C］detail ［D］implication3. ［A］for ［B］of ［C］on ［D］towards4. ［A］today ［B］nowadays ［C］present-day ［D］present5. ［A］near ［B］nearby ［C］nearly ［D］nearer6. ［A］noise ［B］sound ［C］tone ［D］tune7. ［A］to ［B］away ［C］off ［D］over8. ［A］than ［B］as ［C］when ［D］while9. ［A］usual ［B］popular ［C］daily ［D］regular10.［A］add ［B］increase ［C］raise ［D］arise一、文章结构分析本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在一位现代作家眼中，2001年的世界将会变成什么样子。

1990考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

1990 Text 1Paragraph 1 1、In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis ” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus . A new phase in space exploration has begun.1989年5月，“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机将“麦哲伦”号金星探测器释放到外太空，使其开始了前往金星、航行时间十五个月、距离十亿公里的外太空航行。

太空探测领域的一个新阶段开始了。

1.1 shuttle 英 /'ʃʌt(ə)l/ 美 /'ʃʌtl/n. 航天飞机；穿梭；梭子；穿梭班机、公共汽车等vt. 使穿梭般来回移动；短程穿梭般运送vi. 穿梭往返 1.2 Atlantis 英 /ət'læntis/ 美 /ət'læntis/n. 亚特兰蒂斯（传说沉没于大西洋的岛屿） 1.3 probe 英 /pr əʊb/ 美 /prob/n. 探针；调查vi. 调查；探测vt. 探查；用探针探测 1.4 Magellan 英/m əˈɡɛl ən/ 美/m əˈɡɛl ən/ n. 麦哲伦（葡萄牙航海家）；麦哲伦海峡（在南美洲大陆南端和火地岛等岛屿之间，沟通太平洋和大西洋） 1.5 Venus 英 /'vi ːn əs/ 美 /'vin əs/n. [天] 金星；维纳斯（爱与美的女神） 1.6 phase 英 /fe ɪz/ 美 /fez/n. 月相n. （月亮的）盈亏n. 时期 a new phase 进入了新阶段 Paragraph 2 1、The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earth`s size. 金星只比地球稍小点，事实上，它是太阳系里在体积上唯一与地球接近的行星。

1986—1990年考研英语真题及解析

1986—1990年考研英语真题及解析1986—1990年考研英语真题及解析1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and［D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)①On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. ②For an hour or 1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. ③And then, with all the things she needed 3 she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.④One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something. ⑤Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped 6 before a green armchair. ⑥There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,”and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.”⑦A pound a week... 8 , she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! ⑧A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . “Can I help you, Madam?” ⑨She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .⑩“Oh, well, no,”she said. “I was just looking.”○11“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”○12Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left the shop hurriedly. [276 words]1. ［A］so ［B］more ［C］else ［D］another2. ［A］taking ［B］making ［C］fixing ［D］keeping3. ［A］buy ［B］bought ［C］buying ［D］to have bought4. ［A］in a way ［B］by the way ［C］in the way ［D］on the way5. ［A］behind ［B］round ［C］back ［D］on6. ［A］doubted ［B］wondered ［C］puzzled ［D］delighted7. ［A］at ［B］for ［C］with ［D］in8. ［A］Why ［B］When ［C］How ［D］What9. ［A］jump ［B］leap ［C］laugh ［D］wonder10.［A］place ［B］back ［C］side ［D］front一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。

1986-1990年考研英语真题答案及解析

1986 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。

Section I Close Test 一、文章结构分析第一段总述文中主人公Annie 每周三下午都进城购物。

二至四段具体讲述了她某一次的购物经历。

二、试题具体分析1. ［A］so 这么，那么［B］more 更多［C］else 其他的，别的［D］another 另外一个本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配+副词用法。

［快速解题］空格所在部分For an hour or 1 是句子的时间状语，考生要判断选项中哪个副词代入能符合这一结构并使文意通顺。

…or so 是固定搭配，用在数字之后，表示“…左右，…上下”，for an hour or so 指“一个小时左右”，说明了时间，符合文意。

因此选［A］so。

［篇章分析］文章第①句总说，交待人物（A nn i e）、时间（每周三下午）、地点（城镇）、活动内容（购物）。

②③具体讲述活动内容：首先购买所需物品（②句），然后到家具店“橱窗购物”（③句）。

句间通过On Wednesday afternoons —F or an hour or so—And then—another hour 时间链条，in the market—u p and down between the stalls—（l eave the market）for the streets—furniture shop 地点链条实现衔接。

［空格设置］此处考查so 用作副词的一个惯用语…or so，表示约指，例句：There were 20 people or so there.那儿差不多有20 个人。

［干扰项设置］其他项都是常用的副词。

else 用于疑问句或nothing，something，everybody 等之后，如：What else did he say?他还说了些什么？or else 意为“要不然，否则”，是连词词组，引导句子，如：Hurry up or else you’ll be late. 快点，否则你就要迟到了。

1986-1990年考研英语真题及解析

1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and［D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)①On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. ②For an hour or1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and2 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. ③And then, with all the things she needed3 she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour4 she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.④One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something. ⑤Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped 6 before a green armchair. ⑥There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,”and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.”⑦A pound a week... 8 , she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! ⑧A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . “Can I help you, Madam?” ⑨She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .⑩“Oh, well, no,”she said. “I was just looking.”○11“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”12Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left the ○shop hurriedly. [276 words]1. ［A］so ［B］more ［C］else ［D］another2. ［A］taking ［B］making ［C］fixing ［D］keeping3. ［A］buy ［B］bought ［C］buying ［D］to have bought4. ［A］in a way ［B］by the way ［C］in the way ［D］on the way5. ［A］behind ［B］round ［C］back ［D］on6. ［A］doubted ［B］wondered ［C］puzzled ［D］delighted7. ［A］at ［B］for ［C］with ［D］in8. ［A］Why ［B］When ［C］How ［D］What9. ［A］jump ［B］leap ［C］laugh ［D］wonder10.［A］place ［B］back ［C］side ［D］front一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。

1986-1990年考研英语真题答案及解析

1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Close Test一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。

第一段总述文中主人公Annie每周三下午都进城购物。

二至四段具体讲述了她某一次的购物经历。

二、试题具体分析1.［A］so这么，那么［B］more更多［C］else其他的，别的［D］another另外一个本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配+副词用法。

［快速解题］空格所在部分For an hour or1是句子的时间状语，考生要判断选项中哪个副词代入能符合这一结构并使文意通顺。

…or so是固定搭配，用在数字之后，表示“…左右，…上下”，for an hour or so指“一个小时左右”，说明了时间，符合文意。

因此选［A］so。

［篇章分析］文章第①句总说，交待人物（Annie）、时间（每周三下午）、地点（城镇）、活动内容（购物）。

②③具体讲述活动内容：首先购买所需物品（②句），然后到家具店“橱窗购物”（③句）。

［空格设置］此处考查so用作副词的一个惯用语…or so，表示约指，例句：There were20people or so there.那儿差不多有20个人。

［干扰项设置］其他项都是常用的副词。

1986-1990年考研英语真题及解析

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文e

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文1. The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English . “By the third generation , the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families .”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard ”for languages .结构：•The children of immigrants [主] tend to [谓] be bilingual and proficient in English [宾] .•“By the third generation , the original language [主] is [系] lost in the majority of immigrant families [表] .”•Hence the description of America as a “graveyard ”for languages单词：Description n.描述描写Subscribe vi.订阅捐款认购Proficient a.熟练的精通的n.精通专家能手Bilingual a.会说两种语言的词组：Tend to 往往通常The majority of 大多数直译：移民的孩子通常会两种语言以及精通英语。

但是“到了第三代，大多数的移民家庭中的母语都遗失了”。

因此，美国被描述为语言的“墓地”译文：移民的子女几乎都具有双语能力，且精通英语。

“到了第三代，原来的语言在大多数移民家庭中都消失了”，因此，有人就把美国描述成语言的“墓地”重点：•Tend to 往往通常•The majority of 大多数2. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent , higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans .结构：•By 1996 foreign-born immigrants [主]•定语从句：who [主] had arrived [谓] before 1970•had [谓] a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent , higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans [宾]解析：•who引导定语从句，用来修饰immigrants ，句子中作主语直译：到1996年，在1970以前到达美国的国外出生的移民，拥有自己房屋的比率是75.6%，高于本土出生的美国人的房屋拥有率69.8%译文：到1996年为止，1970年之前到达美国，出生在国外的移民中，75.6%拥有自己的房产，高于本土美国人69.8%的比例重点：•who引导定语从句，用来修饰immigrants ，句子中作主语3. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks . ”By the third generation , one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics , and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians .结构：•Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics [主] “have [谓] higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks [宾] .•”By the third generation , one third of Hispanic women [主] are married [谓（被）] to non-Hispanics [宾] , and 41 percent of Asian-American women [主] are married [谓（被）] to non-Asians [宾]单词：Hispanic a.西班牙裔拉丁美裔直译：外国出生的亚裔和西班牙裔“比美国本土的白人和黑人的通婚率更高”。