主谓一致

主谓一致

1、基本原则

2、谓语动词只能用单数的8种情况

3、谓语动词只能用复数的情况

4、都有可能的情况

基本原则

1、语法一致

指主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数，则谓语动词也用单数，这是主谓一致的三原则中最基本的原则。

She is a girl.

They are all girls.

2、意义一致

指主语形式是单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上视复数形式但表达单数意义，则谓语动词也采用单数形式。

My family were watching TV at 7 o’clock.

My family has moved three times.

The family was/were? having dinner when I called.

3、就近原则

指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定

There is a book, two pens and three pencils on the desk.

There are two pens, a book and three pencils on the desk.

Either my sister or my mother is coming.

只能用单数的几种情况

1、非谓语动词或从句作主语

不定式（to do 或疑问词+ to do）、动名词（doing）或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.

2、复合不定代词作主语

以some-，any-，every-，no-开头，以-thing，-body，-one结尾的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数

Everything is going well.

3. 以-s结尾的学科名、书名、国名作主语

表示学科（如physics，politics，maths）、书名（如The Arabian Nights ）、国名（如the United States, Wales，the United Nations）等以-s结尾的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

The United States has many different kinds of climate.

4、“more than one/many a+单数名词”作主语

“more than one/many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

More than one student has seen the film.

Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge.

5. 指同一人或事物的并列结构作主语

指同一人或事物的A and B结构（如knife and fork 刀叉，bread and butter 黄油面包，a teacher and writer老师兼作家，fish and chips 鱼和炸土豆片）作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。

A worker and writer was present at the meeting.

Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain.

6.“one/each of +复数名词”作主语

“one/each of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数

Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, hopes to go to university.

7.前后名词有every等修饰的并列结构作主语

“every（no，each，many a）+单数名词+and +every（no，each，many a）+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数

Every desk and every chair in the classroom is new.

谓语动词只能用复数的几种情况

1. 表示某国人的“the+国籍形容词”作主语

表示某国人的总称的“the+表示某国的形容词”（如the Chinese/Japanese/British/English…）作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数

The Chinese have been making paper for 2000 years.(中国人)

2. 表示某一类人的“the+形容词”作主语

表示某一类人的“the+形容词”（如：the

rich/poor/old/young/living/dead/weak/strong/blind/deaf/killed/injured/unemployed）作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数

The rich live while the poor die.

3.表示不同人或事物的并列结构作主语

表示不同人或事物的（both）A and B作主语时，谓语动词用复数

Both New Year and London have traffic problems.

4. “both/few…+复数名词”作主语

“both/few…+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数

Few words are best.

5. cattle/people/the police等作主语

cattle/people/the police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数

Cattle eat grass.

The police haven’t g ot a single lead yet.

6. 某些本身以-s结尾的名词作主语

Clothes/goods/things/feelings/surroundings/belongs/earnings/the Ural Mountains(乌拉尔山脉)/manners/

congratulations等作主语时，谓语动词用复数

Things were in terrible order.

都有可能的情况

1.“主语+介词短语等”作主语

在“A+（with，together with，along with，as well as，but，except，besides，like，including，rather than，more than，no less than）+B”结构中，谓语动词的单复数与A保持一致。

The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, was visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.

2.neither…nor…等对称结构作主语

neither…nor…, (either)…or…, not only…but also…, not…but…等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则：谓语动词的数由与其最接近的那个主语的数决定。

Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.

Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.

3、“a/the number of +复数名词”作主语

表示“······的数量”的“the number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；表示“一些/许多······”的“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.

4、one or two…与one/a…or two作主语

“One or two +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“a/one+单数名词+or two”作主语，谓语动