翻译概论

翻译理论与实践
Translation theory and Practice
请看下面句子的翻译:
---好是很好,可是买这
么多扇子干什么呀? ---Good is very good, but buy so many fans do what?
请看下面句子的翻译:
---好是很好,可是买这
么多扇子干什么呀? ---That’s all well and good, but what are you buying so many fans for?
翻译的标准：
严复 “信，达，雅”
（Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance)
“信”指译文忠实原文的内容与风 格。 “达”指译文通顺流畅。 “雅”指译文古雅（用汉以前的文 法）
*“Rather sacrifice fidelity than mar elegance.”
翻译的理解: *“译即易， 谓换易言语 使相解也。”（唐贾公彦 《义疏 》 ） *“用一语文表达他种语 文的意思。”（ 《辞 源》 ）
翻译的理解: *“Translating means translating meaning.” （翻译就是翻译意思） （美国翻译理论家尤金· 奈达) *翻译是一种语言把另一种语 言在内容与形式不可分割的统 一中业已表达的东西准确而完 全地表达出来。（前苏联翻译 理论家费达罗夫）
练一练：
1. Every man is the architect of his own fate. 2. Last night I heard him driving his pigs into market.
每个人都是自己命运的主宰者。
昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。
3. Sense comes with age.
老马识途。
4. One swallow does not make a summer.
一花独放不是春。
练一练： 5. He waked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 6. She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.
翻译的标准： 鲁迅： “信与顺” “凡是翻译必须兼顾两 面：一当然力求其易解， 一则保存着原作的风姿。”
一般来说, 应该 把 “信”放在第一位。 “忠实标准---译者第 一的责任。” （林语堂）
*“宁信而不顺” （鲁迅） （ “rather to be faithful than smooth ”) *“宁顺而不信”（梁实秋） ( “rahter to be smooth than faithful” )
练一练：
10. Among the blind the oneeyed man is king. 盲人国里，独眼为王。 山中无老虎，猴子称霸王。 11. Let’s talk business. 咱们谈正事吧。
练一练： 12. The outbreak of SARS and bird flu sounds an alarm to human being’s consciousness of environmental protection.
我不会骗你的。
4. In case of fire, use stairs. Don’t use the elevator！ 5. It was an old and ragged moon.
如遇火灾，请走楼梯，勿乘电梯！
这是一弯下弦残月。
翻译概论 1.翻译的历史 2.翻译的定义 3.翻译的标准 4.翻译的过程 5.翻译的方法 6.英汉对比
翻译的最基本方法： 直译和意译 直译(literal translation):指不仅 忠实于原文内容，而且忠实于 原文形式的翻译方法。 *直译要求在保持原文内容的前 提下，力求使译文与原文在选 词用字﹑句法结构﹑形象比喻 及风格特征等方面尽可能趋同。
例如:
shed crocodile tears (掉鳄鱼泪) (猫哭 老鼠); chain reaction (连锁反应); black market (黑市); cold war (冷战); gentlemen’s agreement (君子协定); shuttle diplomacy (穿梭外交); a wolf in sheep’s clothing (披着羊皮的 狼) (笑面虎) to show one’s cards (摊牌） to be armed to teeth （武装到牙齿）
6. She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.
她出生在富贵之家。
练一练：
7. Do you see any green in my eye? 8. Everybody knows that Ted is a black sheep. 9. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.
翻译的标准：
“忠实与通顺”
(faithfulness and smoothness) “忠实”---指忠实于原文的内容， 包括思想﹑感情﹑风格等，即把 原文准确而完整地表达于译文中， 对原文内容尽可能不增不减。 “通顺”---指用词得体，行文通 顺流畅，符合译入语的表达习惯。
翻译的过程：理解和表达 1. She didn’t marry him because she loves him. 2. He went to the bank. 3. John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.
非典及禽流感的爆发为人类 的环保意识敲响了警钟。
练一练： 13. 街道妇女应该动员起来打扫 卫生。
*主要有以下几种情况须采用意译： 3）根据上下文语境，对有些词汇﹑句 式进行适当调整﹑转换。例： to kill two birds with one stone （直译）一石双鸟 （意译）一箭双雕; 一举两得 Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。 A virtuous wife is a man’s best prize. 妻贤夫祸少。 Give a dog a bad name and hang it. 欲加之罪，何患无词。
* “Translate literally if possible, or, appeal to free translation.”
(能直译就尽量直 译，不能直译就采 取意译。）
*主要有以下几种情况须采用意译：
1）包含典故的文化习语。 英语和汉语表达的语义较大差异，需 要按汉语习惯进行表达，以避免违反 文化习惯。例： She is my woman Friday. 她是我的得力女助手/秘书。 It rained cats and dogs. 大雨滂沱。 Talk of the devil and he will appear. 说曹操到，曹操就到。
练一练：
1. Every man is the architect of his own fate. 2. Last night I heard him driving his pigs into market. 3. Sense comes with age. 4. One swallow does not make a summer.
例如: 纸老虎 (paper tiger); “一国两制” (one country, two systems); “门户开放政策” (the open-door policy); Soon got, soon gone. 来得容易，去得快。 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 Speech is silver, silence is golden. 雄辩是银，沉默是金。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
练一练：
7. Do you see any green in my eye? 你以为我好欺骗吗？ 8. Everybody knows that Ted is a black sheep. 大家都知道泰特是个害群之马。 9. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 三个和尚没水喝。
练一练： 10. Among the blind the one-eyed man is king. 11. Let’s talk business. 12. The outbreak of SARS and bird flu sounds an alarm to human being’s consciousness of environmental protection. 13.街道妇女应该动员起来打扫卫生。
*主要有以下几种情况须采用意译：
2）英译汉时能找到汉语的对等含义， 但是语义有所差别，必须按汉语的语 言习惯进行表达。例： Every dog has his day. 人人都有得意的日子。 One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, t尚没水喝。
请看下面句子的翻译:
---先生,您要买什么? --- Sir, what do you
want to buy?
请看下面句子的翻译:
---先生,您要买什么? --- What can I do for
you, sir? ---Can I help you, sir?
请看下面句子的翻译:
1. This is a good price. 2. I haven’t heard from her since she lived in Meizhou. 3. I won’t pull your leg. 4. In case of fire, use stairs. Don’t use the elevator.