阅读理解之猜测词意

阅读理解之猜测词意

China will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scientist Wang said on Saturday. The total eclipse will last up to six minutes, or the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,” he said.

猜测词意题目类型：

对考纲外生词猜测

Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently.

“polyglot” most probably means “_______________.”

对考纲内熟词新义的猜测

I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. “cloud” means “_____________________.”

对句义的猜测

The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn.

By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the wr iter means the brain can be _____.

A. used

B. mastered

C. developed

D. researched

词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：

1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by

_______.

2.The word “…” is most likely to mean______

3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?

4. The underlined word “…” means ______.

Exemplifying in Skills

构词法与语境法

一．Word Formation 构词法：

英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。

1）派生法（Derivation）

派生法就是借助前缀或后缀派生出新词的构词方法。后缀往往起改变词性的作用，派生出的新词主要有名词、形容词、动词三种；前缀主要起改变词义的作用，包括各种否定前缀、时间前缀等。

Napoleon，as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands”. Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse”. He is said to be “undersized” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”.

中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：

super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的)

micro-（极微小的）re- （再，反复）

mis-（误，恶）im-（不）

un-（不，非）in-（不，非）

non-（不，非）-able（能…的）

-less（不，无）-wards (向)

2) 合成法（Compounding）

合成法是指由两个或两个以上单词合成一个新词。通常情况下，合成词的词义为组成词的词义之和。

He never wore ready-made clothes.

3) 转化法（Conversion）

转化法是指单词的词性的改变来使单词具有新的意义和作用。而这种单词叫转化词。

Great cultural led to more open communication and democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.

二.语境

1、定义描述

利用释义词（句）、举例或同位语表示释义或举例词语的信息词有for example，for instance，such as，in other words，that is to say，namely

His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.

The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.

We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.

All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti , that is to say, they are toothed whales.

2）利用对比、类比或转这词

表示对比、类比或转折的常见信息词有but，yet，however，while，on the other hand，on the contrary，despite，in spite of，instead

The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck st ill remains grubby. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate.

In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.

3)利用因果关系

表示因果关系的信息词有because，as，since，for，thus，so，therefore

Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.

The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.

When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it come on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.

The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off ” means that the colors A. attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customers C.tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interest