阅读理解之猜测词意

阅读理解之猜测词意China will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scientist Wang said on Saturday. The total eclipse will last up to six minutes, or the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,” he said.猜测词意题目类型：对考纲外生词猜测Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently.“polyglot” most probably means “_______________.”对考纲内熟词新义的猜测I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. “cloud” means “_____________________.”对句义的猜测The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn.By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the wr iter means the brain can be _____.A. usedB. masteredC. developedD. researched词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by_______.2.The word “…” is most likely to mean______3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?4. The underlined word “…” means ______.Exemplifying in Skills构词法与语境法一．Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。

词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。

在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。

只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。

1）派生法（Derivation）派生法就是借助前缀或后缀派生出新词的构词方法。

后缀往往起改变词性的作用，派生出的新词主要有名词、形容词、动词三种；前缀主要起改变词义的作用，包括各种否定前缀、时间前缀等。

Napoleon，as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands”. Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse”. He is said to be “undersized” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”.中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的)micro-（极微小的）re- （再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards (向)2) 合成法（Compounding）合成法是指由两个或两个以上单词合成一个新词。

通常情况下，合成词的词义为组成词的词义之和。

He never wore ready-made clothes.3) 转化法（Conversion）转化法是指单词的词性的改变来使单词具有新的意义和作用。

而这种单词叫转化词。

Great cultural led to more open communication and democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.二.语境1、定义描述利用释义词（句）、举例或同位语表示释义或举例词语的信息词有for example，for instance，such as，in other words，that is to say，namelyHis uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti , that is to say, they are toothed whales.2）利用对比、类比或转这词表示对比、类比或转折的常见信息词有but，yet，however，while，on the other hand，on the contrary，despite，in spite of，insteadThe new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck st ill remains grubby. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate.In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.3)利用因果关系表示因果关系的信息词有because，as，since，for，thus，so，thereforeRubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it come on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off ” means that the colors A. attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customers C.tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interest4）生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。

因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.5）上下文推断所谓“词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。

所以在猜测生词词义或句意时，一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。

when I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well-paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small newspaper . At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area? I wanted to know.练习Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents’ road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean?A. eatB. getC. sellD. buyA man’s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _________ in this tex t.A. honorB. endangerC. proudD. shameThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word “banished” mean_______.A. killed by stoningB. sent awayC. imprisonedD. punished by whippingMy first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. What does the underlined word “tedious” probably mean?A.interestingB. tiresomeC. relaxingD. challengingAlthough he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.The word “jeopardize” means _____ in this text.A. protectB. endangerC. continueD. stopAfter a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.The underlined word “astounded” means ____.A. very sadB. very sorryC. very pleasedD. greatly surprisedStudy showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein.What does “glyco-”in the underlined word “glycoprotein” mean?A. sugarB. iceC. bloodD. molecule。