跨文化翻译中的异
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Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
1. Among so many well-dressed and cultured people,the country girl felt like a fish out of water. 译文：同这么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起， 这位乡下姑娘颇有如鱼离水之感。 2. A stick-and-carrot policy/译文：大棒加 胡罗卜政策 3. Time is money./译文：时间就是金钱。
文学风格标记翻译
13. Farewell to the forests and wildhanging woods! Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods!(Robert Burns) 再会吧，高耸的大树，无尽的林涛！ 再会吧，汹涌的急流，雷鸣的浪潮！（王佐良） 14. Zeus erupted at last.(Song of Troy) 宙斯终于迸发出万钧之力。
17. Looking up, he saw two stoats leaning over the parapet of the bridge and watching him with great glee. “It will be your head next time, Toady!” they called out to him. The indignant Toad swam to shore, while the stoats laughed and laughed, supporting each other, and laughed again, till they nearly had two fits—that is, one fit each, of course. 他抬头看去，只见两只白鼬从桥的低矮护栏上探过身子， 幸灾乐祸地看着他在水中挣扎。“下一次就砸你的脑 袋，蛤蟆！” 他们对他叫喊着。蟾蜍气得七窍生烟。 他游到岸边，那两只白鼬还在一个劲大笑，他们互相 搀扶着又笑了一阵，最后有两次几乎笑岔了气——当 然是一人一次。
24. Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remebered as the author of the Declaration on Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia.
10. 毛主席问陈妻“ 你们俩感情好不好？”陈妻答： “好.”主席听了感到非常高兴. Then Chairman Mao talked with Chen’s wife. He was pleased to know that they had a happy home life. 11. 广州又称“羊城”、“穗城”，是祖国的南大门， 早在秦汉时期就是繁华的都会。 Guangzhou, also known as Canton, lies in the southernmost part of China, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao. The city’s long history dates back to more than 2,000 years ago when it became a prosperous trading port.
23. 枯藤老树昏鸦, 小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦 马...... O' er old trees wreathed with rotten vine fly evening crows; ' Neath tiny bridge beside a cot a clear stream flows; On ancient road in western breeze a lean horse goes;......
8. （赵辛楣）一肚皮的酒，几乎全化成酸醋… （<<围城>>） The wine in Hsin-mei’s stomach turned to sour vinegar in his jealousy. 9. 一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我“胖了”，说我 “胖了”之后即大骂其新党。（<<祝福>>） When we met, after exchanging a few polite remarks when we met, he observed that I looked “fat”, and having made that complimentary remarks he started a violent attack on the revolutionaries.
跨文化翻译中的异化与归化问题
吕晓菲
异化问题
1.异化以源文化为归宿（source language culture oriented），提倡译文应当尽量去 适应、照顾源语的文化及原作者遣词用字习惯 2. 国外异化派代表首推美国的Lawrence Venuti，他主张刻意在目的语文本中，在风 格和其他方面突出原文之“异”。中国文坛在 “五四”新文学运动兴起后，流行过“欧化的 国语文学”、“欧化的白话文”。
19. John can be relied on. He eats no fish and played the game. 约翰为人可靠。他既忠诚又正直。（张培基） 20. 浅花叫了一声奔着井沿跑去，她心里一冷，差一点 没有栽到地上死过去。她想，竟来不及拉他一把，自 己也跳到井里去吧。（孙犁，《藏》） Qianhua screamed and ran to the well. In a moment of horror she almost fainted and fell. She thought that since she had failed to save him, she might as well jump in and make an end of himself.
6. He made you for a high way to my bed; but I, a maid, die maidenwidowed. 译文1 他要借着你做牵引相思的桥梁，可是我却 要做一个独守空阁的怨女而死去。（朱生豪） 译文2 他要借你作捷径，登上我的床； 可怜我这处女，守活寡，到死是处女。 （方平） 7. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? / 能否把你比作夏日璀璨？ / 能否把你比作春日璀璨？
18. Were if left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. ( Thomas Jefferson) 我们是要一个没有言论自由的政府，还是只要 无需政府管理的言论自由，如果让我决定，那 我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。
21. Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes. 聪明人防患于未然, 愚蠢者临渴掘井。 22. In line with latest trends in fashion, a few dress designers have been sacrificing elegance to audacity. 有些时装设计师为了赶时髦，舍弃了优雅别致 的式样，而一味追求奇装异服。
归化问题
• 归化主张译文应尽量适应、照顾目的语 的文化习惯，为读者着想，替读者扫除 语言文化障碍。国外归化代表非 Eugene Nida 莫属，提出翻译中的 “动态对等”（或曰功能对等）的概念， 把译文的服务对象读者放到了首要位置。
4. 癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉。 A toad hankering for a taste of swan(Yang) A case of “ the toad on the ground wanting to eat the goose in the sky”(Hawkes) 5. 更有一种风月笔墨… 译文1 Even worse are those writers of the breeze-and moonlight school(Yang) 译文2 Still worse is the erotic novel…(Hawkes)
12. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business. 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也， 最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈 阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。 （王佐良）
25. Another issue that might be resolved during Mr Deng's visit to Washington involved a U.S. claim of 196 million dollars for assets seized by the communists after they took power in 1949 and a Chinese counter-claim for 80 million dollars frozen in the U. S. since the Korean War. 邓先生这次访问华盛顿期间可能解决的另一个问题涉及 到美国提出索赔和中国提出反索赔的问题：美国要求 中国赔偿共产党在1949年夺取政权后没收的价值一亿 九千六百万美元的财产；中国反过来要求美国偿还朝 鲜战争后冻结在美国的八千万美元存款。
15. He stalked me fearlessly, deeming my husband too big a fool to catch him out. (Song of Troy) 他对我步步进逼，色胆包天，吧我丈夫看成大傻 瓜，逮他不着。 16. A melody is heard, played upon a flute. It is small and fine, telling of grass and trees and the horizon. The curtain rises. 横笛吹来幽雅的曲子，诉说着芳草、佳木和天 涯。幕启。
1. Among so many well-dressed and cultured people,the country girl felt like a fish out of water. 译文：同这么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起， 这位乡下姑娘颇有如鱼离水之感。 2. A stick-and-carrot policy/译文：大棒加 胡罗卜政策 3. Time is money./译文：时间就是金钱。
文学风格标记翻译
13. Farewell to the forests and wildhanging woods! Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods!(Robert Burns) 再会吧，高耸的大树，无尽的林涛！ 再会吧，汹涌的急流，雷鸣的浪潮！（王佐良） 14. Zeus erupted at last.(Song of Troy) 宙斯终于迸发出万钧之力。
17. Looking up, he saw two stoats leaning over the parapet of the bridge and watching him with great glee. “It will be your head next time, Toady!” they called out to him. The indignant Toad swam to shore, while the stoats laughed and laughed, supporting each other, and laughed again, till they nearly had two fits—that is, one fit each, of course. 他抬头看去，只见两只白鼬从桥的低矮护栏上探过身子， 幸灾乐祸地看着他在水中挣扎。“下一次就砸你的脑 袋，蛤蟆！” 他们对他叫喊着。蟾蜍气得七窍生烟。 他游到岸边，那两只白鼬还在一个劲大笑，他们互相 搀扶着又笑了一阵，最后有两次几乎笑岔了气——当 然是一人一次。
24. Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remebered as the author of the Declaration on Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia.
10. 毛主席问陈妻“ 你们俩感情好不好？”陈妻答： “好.”主席听了感到非常高兴. Then Chairman Mao talked with Chen’s wife. He was pleased to know that they had a happy home life. 11. 广州又称“羊城”、“穗城”，是祖国的南大门， 早在秦汉时期就是繁华的都会。 Guangzhou, also known as Canton, lies in the southernmost part of China, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao. The city’s long history dates back to more than 2,000 years ago when it became a prosperous trading port.
23. 枯藤老树昏鸦, 小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦 马...... O' er old trees wreathed with rotten vine fly evening crows; ' Neath tiny bridge beside a cot a clear stream flows; On ancient road in western breeze a lean horse goes;......
8. （赵辛楣）一肚皮的酒，几乎全化成酸醋… （<<围城>>） The wine in Hsin-mei’s stomach turned to sour vinegar in his jealousy. 9. 一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我“胖了”，说我 “胖了”之后即大骂其新党。（<<祝福>>） When we met, after exchanging a few polite remarks when we met, he observed that I looked “fat”, and having made that complimentary remarks he started a violent attack on the revolutionaries.
跨文化翻译中的异化与归化问题
吕晓菲
异化问题
1.异化以源文化为归宿（source language culture oriented），提倡译文应当尽量去 适应、照顾源语的文化及原作者遣词用字习惯 2. 国外异化派代表首推美国的Lawrence Venuti，他主张刻意在目的语文本中，在风 格和其他方面突出原文之“异”。中国文坛在 “五四”新文学运动兴起后，流行过“欧化的 国语文学”、“欧化的白话文”。
19. John can be relied on. He eats no fish and played the game. 约翰为人可靠。他既忠诚又正直。（张培基） 20. 浅花叫了一声奔着井沿跑去，她心里一冷，差一点 没有栽到地上死过去。她想，竟来不及拉他一把，自 己也跳到井里去吧。（孙犁，《藏》） Qianhua screamed and ran to the well. In a moment of horror she almost fainted and fell. She thought that since she had failed to save him, she might as well jump in and make an end of himself.
6. He made you for a high way to my bed; but I, a maid, die maidenwidowed. 译文1 他要借着你做牵引相思的桥梁，可是我却 要做一个独守空阁的怨女而死去。（朱生豪） 译文2 他要借你作捷径，登上我的床； 可怜我这处女，守活寡，到死是处女。 （方平） 7. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? / 能否把你比作夏日璀璨？ / 能否把你比作春日璀璨？
18. Were if left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. ( Thomas Jefferson) 我们是要一个没有言论自由的政府，还是只要 无需政府管理的言论自由，如果让我决定，那 我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。
21. Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes. 聪明人防患于未然, 愚蠢者临渴掘井。 22. In line with latest trends in fashion, a few dress designers have been sacrificing elegance to audacity. 有些时装设计师为了赶时髦，舍弃了优雅别致 的式样，而一味追求奇装异服。
归化问题
• 归化主张译文应尽量适应、照顾目的语 的文化习惯，为读者着想，替读者扫除 语言文化障碍。国外归化代表非 Eugene Nida 莫属，提出翻译中的 “动态对等”（或曰功能对等）的概念， 把译文的服务对象读者放到了首要位置。
4. 癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉。 A toad hankering for a taste of swan(Yang) A case of “ the toad on the ground wanting to eat the goose in the sky”(Hawkes) 5. 更有一种风月笔墨… 译文1 Even worse are those writers of the breeze-and moonlight school(Yang) 译文2 Still worse is the erotic novel…(Hawkes)
12. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business. 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也， 最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈 阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。 （王佐良）
25. Another issue that might be resolved during Mr Deng's visit to Washington involved a U.S. claim of 196 million dollars for assets seized by the communists after they took power in 1949 and a Chinese counter-claim for 80 million dollars frozen in the U. S. since the Korean War. 邓先生这次访问华盛顿期间可能解决的另一个问题涉及 到美国提出索赔和中国提出反索赔的问题：美国要求 中国赔偿共产党在1949年夺取政权后没收的价值一亿 九千六百万美元的财产；中国反过来要求美国偿还朝 鲜战争后冻结在美国的八千万美元存款。
15. He stalked me fearlessly, deeming my husband too big a fool to catch him out. (Song of Troy) 他对我步步进逼，色胆包天，吧我丈夫看成大傻 瓜，逮他不着。 16. A melody is heard, played upon a flute. It is small and fine, telling of grass and trees and the horizon. The curtain rises. 横笛吹来幽雅的曲子，诉说着芳草、佳木和天 涯。幕启。