动词不定式的用法导学案(最新整理)

（4）不定式的完成进行式表示动作在_________________________。
He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.
He looked too young to have been publishing books for six years.
（2）进行式表示其动作正在进行，____________________________________。
He pretended to be listening to me carefully. 他假装认真地听我讲。
（3）不定式的完成时表达下列意义：
A. 不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态_________________________________________。
It’s very important for students to learn English well.对于学生们来说，学好英语是很重要
2.作表语
动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is…及 The next step/
measure is …等。例如：
1
I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.
A big company has decided to buy it from me.
I have had to work hard to live a normal life.
Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.
We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.
1.作主语
动词不定式作主语既可位于句首，也可以用_____做形式主语。例如：
To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.
等。
eg：
They decided __________________
between these two cities.
他们决定在两座城市之间建一条高速路。
I expect_____________ tomorrow.我期待明天见到你。
注意：
1) believe, think, consider, feel, make 等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+ to do sth.”句型，其
中使用 it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。eg：
I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.
翻译：________________________________________
2） 有些动词既可以用动词不定式做宾语，也可以用动名词做宾语，二者意义没太大
“It is + 形容词＋X ＋代词（名词）＋不定式”句型——用 of 还是用 for
（1） 如果句中的形容词表示人物特征或品质，常同 of 搭配 eg： brave, careful,
careless, considerate, cruel, rude, generous, right，wrong, kind，nice，good，polite，clever，
I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
（to have kept 发生在____________ 所表示的时间之前）
She is said to have just completed a novel. 据说她刚完成一部小说。
（to have just completed a novel 发生在______________ 所表示的时间之前）
这类词有：forget go on mean remember stop try 4.作宾补, 用在这些动词后：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force 等+sb to do sth The teacher asked Mother to take him home. 翻译：________________________________________ She found him to be a very good pupil. 翻译：________________________________________ 注意：1)feel, think, understand, suppose, know, imagine, find, believe, consider 后的宾 语补足语常是 to be 的形式 She found him to be a very good pupil. 翻译：________________________________________ She believes him (to be) honest。 翻译：________________________________________ 2）一些感官动词也可以接动词不定式做宾语补足语，但动词不定式符号 to 省去。感 官动词：feel,（一感觉） hear, listen to, （二听）let, make, have (三使) watch, see, look at, notice, observe(五看) eg: They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.
B. 用在 intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were 等词
后，不定式的完成式表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have + 过去分词表
示动作， to have been 表示状态。
C.用在 seem, appear, thing, consider, believe 等后，表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生。
I seem to have seen her somewhere before.以前我好像在那见过她。（see 在 seem 之前发生）
He was believed to have been a reporter.都认为他从前干过记者。
区别，这类词有：continue begin hate like love prefer start;
2
They continue smoking. They continue to smoke. I like swimming. I like to swim. 3）有些动词既可以跟动名词做宾语，也可以接动词不定式，但不定式前面需要加人/物 做宾语，这时动词不定式就成了宾语补足语 Gerund（动名词）: verb + -ing Infinitive（动词不定式）: verb + person + to-infinitive advise allow encourage permit They advise walking to town. They advise us to walk to town. They do not allow smoking here. They do not allow us to smoke here. They encourage doing the test. They encourage us to do the test. They do not permit smoking here. They do not permit us to smoke here. 4) 有些动词既可以用动词不定式做宾语，也可以用动名词做宾语，但二者意义不同。
（2）表示事物性质的形容词 eg: easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, possible, safe,
dangerous, necessary 常同 for 搭配
It’s difficult for me to work out the problem.我要算出这道题目太难了。
I meant to have done the work before Sunday. ____________________________（没完成）
I was to have been a doctor. _____________________________________（没当成）
I intended to have come to see you. _________________________ silly 等。这是一个带有感情色彩的不定式结构， 表示褒义时，具有
“对……不胜感激”的意思；表示贬义时，含有“真是太……，真是……透了”的意思。
It is kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好了。
It was foolish of us to do so.我们这样做真是太傻了。
wh－ to do
wh－ to be done
复合结构
sb.to do/for sb.to do
/
Ⅱ、不定式的时态意义
不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的
（1）一般式表示的动作或状态__________________________________________。
They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。（to live 发生在 made plans 之后）
Your job is to type the papers in the office.