短语动词

短语动词
在英语中，动词之后加介词或副词等构成的短语，称为短语动词（Phrasal Verb）。

有的短语动词可以接宾语，相当于及物动词；有的不能，相当于不及物动词。

根据构成，可以把短语动词分成下面类型：
一、“动词+介词”构成的短语动词
这类短语动词相当于及物动词，其后可直接跟宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后。

在被动语态中，动词和介词不能分开。

如
She is looking after her sick mother.她正在照顾她生病的妈妈。

Her sick mother is being looked after by her.她生病的妈妈正由她照顾。

常见的“动词+介词”短语主要有：
care about 关心，担心hear of /about听说take after与…相象deal with应付，处理
look after/care for照顾agree with同意look for寻找arrive at /in到达
begin with 以…开头come from 来自…get to 到达knock at /on敲（门、窗等）laugh at嘲笑ask for 要求listen to听wait for 等待
二、“动词+副词”构成的短语动词
这类短语动词分为两类，“及物动词+副词”和“不及物动词+副词”。

1“及物动词+副词”相当于一个及物动词，可以直接跟宾语，也可用于被动语态。

其宾语若是名词，可以放在动词与副词之间，也可以放在副词之后；如果是代词作宾语，一般只能放在动词与副词之间。

如
I have used up my exercise books.=I have used my exercise books up.我用完了我的练习册。

Please wake me up at six tomorrow. 请在明天六点钟叫醒我。

常见的“动词+副词”短语有：
give up 放弃give out 分发，发放point out 指出set up 建立pick up 捡起,接（人）take off脱下work out 产生结果turn off关掉turn on 打开put off推迟拖延think up想出ring up 给…打电话come out出版put on 穿上put up 张贴搭建
2 “不及物动词+副词”相当与一个不及物动词，这种结构的短语动词不能直接跟宾语，
也不能用于被动语态。

如：
Look out! The ice isn’t hard enough.小心！冰面不够结实。

常见的“不及物动词+副词”短语有：
go out 熄灭stand up 起立look up 查找look out 小心
stay up 熬夜grow up 长大come back 回来hold on 别挂电话
set off /out 出发
三、其他类的短语动词
1“动词+副词+介词”构成的短语动词，常见的有：
come up with提出，想出run out of 用完do well in 擅长
get along with 与…相处look forward to 期望
2 “动词+名词+介词“构成的短语动词，常见的有：
take part in 参加make use of 利用pay attention to 注意
take care of 照顾make friends with与…交朋友
3 “be +形容词+介词“构成的短语动词，常见的有：
be different from 与…不同be strict with 对…要求严格be full of 装满/充满
be angry with生…的气be busy with 忙于be good /bad for 对…有好处/坏处be interested in 对…感兴趣be good at 擅长于be famous for 因…而出名
四、配对练习：
1.-Tom, it is cold outside. your coat when you go out.
-OK, Mum.
A. Take off
B. Take away
C. Put away
D. Put on
2. China is very the Great Wall and pandas.
A. famous as
B. famous for
C. ready to
D. ready for
3. Smoking is bad for your health. Y ou’d better .
A. give up it
B. give it up
C. take out it
D. take it out
4. Good manners usually help people to each other.
A. get on well with
B. get started
C. get together
D. get over
5. the word in the dictionary, and you’ll get the meaning by yourselves.
A. look at
B. look up
C. look for
D. look over
6.-The windows are broken and need to be repaired.
-I think so. They can hardly wind or rain.
A. keep out
B. give out
C. take out
D. put out
7. –How have you been recently?
-So far, so good. I’ve my own company.
A. put out
B. put on
C. put off
D. put up
8.-Shall I take you to the shopping mall after work?
-No, thanks. My father said he would on his way home.
A. look for me
B. pick me up
C. let me down
D. take after me
9. those lights, please. Don’t use so much energy.
A. Take off
B. Put on
C. Turn off
D. Turn on
10.-Noboby likes , so you’d better be kind to others.
-So, sorry. I won’t do it again.
A. laugh at
B. to laugh at
C. to be laughed at
D. to be laughed
11. Please stay in your seat. The plane is going to in a few minutes.
A. set off
B. take off
C. set up
D. see off
12. They a new idea for increasing sales.
A. came up with
B. came to
C. came about
D. came up to
13. Can you another solution to the problem?
A. think up
B. cheer up
C. clean up
D. set up
14. , Mandy. Everything will get better soon.
A. Cheer up
B. Mix up
C. Clean up
D. Turn up
15. The baby doesn’t his parents at all.
A. look after
B. similar to
C. take after
D. look up
16. The old man provided one million yuan to a new primary school for the children.
A. set up
B. give up
C. fix up
D. put up
17. Her kite is broken. Let’s and cheer .
A. mend it up, her up
B. fix up it, up her
C. fix it up, up her
D. fix it up, her up
18. -Attention, please. The plane has to be because of the heavy rain.
-Oh, bad luck! We have to wait now.
A. put on
B. put off
C. put up
D. put away
19. Could I borrow some money from you? I’ve mine.
A. put up
B. fixed up
C. run out of
D. set up
20. ,please. They are useful.
A. Put away them
B. Put them away
C. Put away it
D. Put it away。