英语高考模拟卷-上海市育培高中2016届自招高考模拟卷英语试题及答案
2016年上海市高考英语试卷及答案
2016年上海市高考英语试卷I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．（1分）A．It is satisfactory．B．It is luxurious．C．It is old﹣fashioned．D．It is disappointing．2．（1分）A．On August 5th．B．On August 6th．C．On August 7th．D．On August 8th．3．（1分）A．A waiter．B．A butcher．C．A porter．D．A farmer．4．（1分）A．In a theatre．B．In a library．C．In a booking office．D．In a furniture store．5．（1分）A．She expected to a better show．B．She could hardly find her seat．C．She wasn't interested in the show．D．She didn't get a favourable seat．6．（1分）A．The woman often eats out for breakfast．B．The cafeteria serves good breakfast．C．The woman doesn't have breakfast．D．The cafeteria doesn't serve breakfast．7．（1分）A．Selling cucumbers．B．Planting vegetables．C．Cooking a meal．D．Picking tomatoes．8．（1分）A．The man should work hard．B．The man should turn down the job offer．C．The man may have another chance．D．The man can apply for the job again．9．（1分）A．It is a hot and smoggy day．B．There is a traffic jam on King Street．C．A vehicle is polluting the air．D．The man is reading a report online．10．（1分）A．Its ending is not good enough．B．Its special effects are not satisfying．C．It deserves an award．D．It is good except for the scary part．Section B11．（6分）Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage．11．A.1．B.2C.3D.52．12．A．Pay the bills first．B．Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses．C．Deposit 1000 every month．D．Put part of the money in a savings account．13．A．Methods of saving money．B．Saving money for family emergencies．C．The importance of saving money．D．Secrets of spending money wisely．12．（6分）Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage．14．A．Free education．B．A sum of money．C．Donations from a local newspaper．D．Gifts from many people．15．A．Let students in before school．B．Offer ice cream and coffee．C．Introduce a bank into the campus．D．Reduce the traffic jams around．16．A．It lacks positive news．B．It should grow into a big city．C．It is a place worth living in．D．It remains peaceful and quiet．Section C Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.13．（8分）Blanks 17through 20are based on the following conversation．Complete the form．Write ONE WORD for each answer．Class Diary （June 13﹣19）14．（8分）Blank 21through 24are based on the following conversation．Complete the form．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.15．（8分）Bags of LoveLast year，I was assigned to work at an office near my mother's house，so I stayed with her for a month．During that time，I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries．After less than a week，I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly﹣we were always suddenly out of something．（25）（wonder）how my mum could consume them so quickly，I began observing her daily routine for twoweeks．To my surprise，I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine．Eventually，I decided to follow her and （26）happened truly amazed me．She was taking the food to the refugee camp，in （27）she distributed it to children．I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area．The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother．Then it hit me﹣shy would she mot want to tell me about what she （28）（do）？Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop （29）（buy）the groceries if I found out？When she got home，I told her about my discovery．（30）she could react，I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret （31）me．She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets．For years，my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare．I was so impressed by （32）selfless she was．16．（8分）Stress：Good or Bad？Stress used to be an almost unknown word，but now that we are used to talking about it，I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed．In recent years，stress（33）（regard）as a cause of a whole range of medical problems，from high blood pressure to mental illness．But like so many other things，it is only too much stress（34）does you harm．It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life，you would achieve a little．If you are stuck at home with no stress，then your level of performance will be low．Up to a certain point，the more stress you are under，the （35）（good）your performance will be．Beyond a certain point，though，further stress will only lead to exhaustion，illness and finally a breakdown．You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope，by asking yourself （36）number of questions．Do you，for instance，feel that too much is being expected of （37），and yet find it impossible to say no？Do you find yourself getting impatient or （38）（annoy）with people over unimportant things？…If the answer to all thosequestions is yes，you had better（39）（control ）your stress，as you probably are under more stress than is good for you．To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life．Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events．Getting married is 50，pregnancy 40，moving house 20，Christmas 12，etc．If the total stress in your life is over 150，you are twice as likely （40）（get）ill．Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 17．（10分）Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design？Over the years，designers and artists have been trying to （41）the essentials of good design．They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design．There are four as follows．Less is more．This saying is associated with the German﹣born architect Mies van der Rohe．In his Modernist view，beauty lies in simplicity and elegance，and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means．Design should avoid unnecessary （42）More is not a bore．The American﹣born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly，the result is （43）design．Post﹣Modernist designers began to （44）with decoration and color again．Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen （45）such as ovens and kettles．Fitness for purpose．Successful product design takes into consideration a product's function，purpose，shape，form，color，and so on．The most important result for the user is that the product does what is （46）．For example，think of a （n）（47）desk lamp．It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user．It also needs to be stable．Most importantly，it needs to （48）light where it is needed．From follows emotion．This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger．He believes design must take into（49）the sensory side of our nature﹣sight，smell，touch and taste．These are as important as rational（理性的）thinking．When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste，we appreciate a cool ﹣looking device that allows us to easily（50）the toothpaste onto our brush．III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.18．（15分）In the 1960s，Douglas McGregor，one of the key thinkers in the art of management，developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y．Theory X is the idea that people instinctively （51）work and will do anything to avoid it．Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work．In any case，despite so much evidence to the （52），many managers still agree to Theory X．They believe，（53），that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively，or that decisions must be imposed from （54）without consultation．This，of course，makes for authoritarian （专制的）managers．Different cultures have different ways of （55）people．Unlike authoritarian management，some cultures，particularly in Asia，are well known for the consultative nature of decision﹣making﹣all members of the department or work group are asked to （56）to this process．This is management by the collective opinion．Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things，which are based on general （57）．Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional （58）managers cannot．A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative，to make decisions on their own without（59）managers first．This empowerment （授权）has been part of the trend towards downsizing：（60）the number of management layers in companies．After de﹣layering in this way，a company may be （61）with just a top level of senior managers，front﹣line managers andemployees with direct contact with the public．Empowerment takes the idea of delegation （委托）much further than has （62）been the case．Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to （63）that the overall business plan is being followed，and that operations become more profitable under the new organization，rather than less．Another trend is off﹣site or （64）management，where teams of people linked by e﹣mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses．Project managers evaluate the （65）of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects，rather than the amount of time they spend on them．51．A．desire B．seek C．lose D．dislike 52．A．contrary B．expectation C．degree D．extreme 53．A．vice versa B．for example C．however D．otherwise 54．A．outside B．inside C．below D．above 55．A．replacing B．assessing C．managing D．encouraging 56．A．refer B．contribute C．object D．apply 57．A．agreement B．practice C．election D．impression 58．A．bossy B．experienced C．western D．male 59．A．asking B．training C．warning D．firing 60．A．doubling B．maintaining C．reducing D．estimating 61．A．honoured B．left C．crowded D．compared 62．A．economically B．traditionally C．inadequately D．occasionally 63．A．deny B．admit C．assume D．ensure 64．A．virtual B．ineffective C．day﹣to﹣day D．on﹣the﹣scene 65．A．opinion B．risk C．performance D．attractivenessSection B Direction：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.19．（8分）One early morning，I went into the living room to find my mother readinga thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again．My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word"Poems"appeared in big，hot pink letters．"Is it good？"I asked her．"Yeah，"she answered．"There's one I really like and you'll like it，too．"I leaned forward．"‘Patty Poem，'"she read the title．Who is Patty？I wondered．The poem began：She never puts her toys away，Just leaves them scattered①where they lay，…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections．The final one came quickly：When she grows and gathers poise②，②稳重I'll miss her harum﹣scarum③noise，③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys．④徒劳地And I'll be sad．A terrible sorrow washed over me．Whoever Patty was，she was a mean girl．Then，the shock．"It's you，honey，"My mother said sadly．To my mother，the poem revealed a parent's affection when her child grows up and leaves．To me，the"she"in the poem was horror．It was my mama who would be sad．It was so terrible I burst out crying．"What's wrong？"my mother asked．"Oh Mama，"I cried．"I don't want to grow up ever!"She smiled．"Honey，it's okay．You're not growing up anytime soon．And when you do，I'll still love you，okay？""Okay，"I was still weeping．My panic has gone．But I could not help thinking about that silly poem．After what seemed like a safe amount of time，I read the poem again and was confused．It all fit so well together，like a puzzle．The language was simple，so simple I could plainly understand its meaning，yet it was still beautiful．I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry，words that had the power to make or break a person's world．I have since fallen in love with other poems，but"Patty Poem"remains my poem．After all，"Patty Poem"gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits，but because it was the one that hurt me the most．66．Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again？A．It was a thick enough book．B．Something on its cover caught her eye．C．Her mother was reading it with interest．D．It has a meaningful title．67．After her mother read the poem to her，the writer felt at first．A．sadB．excitedC．horrifiedD．confused68．The writer's mother liked to read"Patty Poem"probably because．A．it reflected her own childhoodB．it was written in simple languageC．it was composed by a famous poetD．it gave her a hint of what would happen69．It can be concluded from the passage that"Patty Poem"leads the writer to．A．discover the power of poetryB．recognize her love for puzzlesC．find her eagerness to grow upD．experience great homesickness．20．（6分）Is there link between humans and climate change or not？This question was first studied in the early 1900s．Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference．In 1997，the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth's changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions（排放）from 2008 to 2012．Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until2020．More recently，the Paris Agreement，stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit global warming．But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions．70．It can be concluded from paragraph 1that．A．the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B．gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC．the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD．humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71．If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement，whatwould happen by the year 2100？A．The human population would increase by one third．B．Little over 50% of all species would still exist．C．Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets．D．The Agreement's minimum goal would not be reached．72．If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive，the maximum temperature rise，since the start of the industrial age，should be．A.0.8℃B.1.5℃C.2℃D.3.5℃21．（10分）Enough"meaningless drivel"．That's the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data．The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee's report，released last week，has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark （认证标记）to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions．"The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone，"says Andrew Miller，the chair of the committee．Instead，he says，firms should provide a plain﹣English version of their terms．The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original．It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme，but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis．"we need to think through how we make that work in practice，"says Miller．Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark？"I think if you went and did the survey，people would like to think they would，"says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton，UK，who studies open data．"We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information．"But what would happen in practice isanother matter，he says．Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand，but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new．"We still don't know how significant the long﹣term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20years'time，"he says．Shadbolt，who gave evidence to the committee，says the problem is that we don't know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving．Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently，he says．The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don't expect，even if users have apparently permission，show that the current situation isn't working．If properly administered，a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to．Although they would still have to actually read them．73．What does the phrase"meaningless drivel"in paragraphs 1and 3 refer to？A．Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to．B．Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites．C．Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly．D．Insignificant data collected by social media firms．74．It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether．A．social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB．people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC．a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD．the kitemark would help companies develop their business models 75．Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because．A．their users consist largely of kids under 20years oldB．the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC．the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD．it remains unknown how users'data will be taken advantage of76．The writer advises users of social media to．A．think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB．read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC．take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD．avoid providing too much personal information77．Which of the following is the best title of the passage？A．Say no to social media？B．New security rules in operation？C．Accept without reading？D．Administration matters!Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.22．（8分）Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion（拥堵）at some of the country's busiest stations．In the first move of its kind，all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity（容量）at the height of the rush hour．A six﹣month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid﹣April，eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left．The move，imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong，is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times．it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years．According to London Underground，only 40percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators，leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the"standing"side．A three﹣week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time of could be raised by almost a third．Peter McNaught，operations director at London Underground，said："It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still，but our experiments at Holborn have proved that itcan be true．This new six﹣month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term．"Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4high．Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up﹣meaning only one side was used at all times．Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5to ban walking．The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2，500people between 8：30am and 9：30am on a typical day，rising to 3，250during the researching period．In the new trial，which will be launched from April 18，one of three"up"escalators will be standing only，with a second banning walking at peak times．A third will remain a mix of walking and standing．（Note：Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）78．What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left？79．What did last year's three﹣week trial at Holborn station prove？80．The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least in height．81．In the new trail，in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours，the other"up"escalators will be used for．I.Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.23．（3分）我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报．（hope）．24．（3分）二十世纪末中国经济迅速发展．（witness）25．（3分）为买一双运动鞋而通宵排队有意义吗？（point）．26．（3分）虽然当时我年幼，不理解这部电影的含义，但我记得我的家人都感动得落泪了．（too…to…）．27．（3分）我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分．（The moment…）．II. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.28．（24分）假设你是中华中学学生姚平，最近参加了一项研究性学习调研，课题为"父母是否以子女为荣"．通过调研你校学生及其父母，结果发现双方对此问题的看法有差异（数据如图所示）．根据图表写一份报告，在报告中，你必须：1．描述调研数据；2．分析可能导致这一结果的原因2016年上海市高考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．（1分）A．It is satisfactory．B．It is luxurious．C．It is old﹣fashioned．D．It is disappointing．【解答】D2．（1分）A．On August 5th．B．On August 6th．C．On August 7th．D．On August 8th．【解答】B3．（1分）A．A waiter．B．A butcher．C．A porter．D．A farmer．【解答】A4．（1分）A．In a theatre．B．In a library．C．In a booking office．D．In a furniture store．【解答】B5．（1分）A．She expected to a better show．B．She could hardly find her seat．C．She wasn't interested in the show．D．She didn't get a favourable seat．【解答】D6．（1分）A．The woman often eats out for breakfast．B．The cafeteria serves good breakfast．C．The woman doesn't have breakfast．D．The cafeteria doesn't serve breakfast．【解答】C7．（1分）A．Selling cucumbers．B．Planting vegetables．C．Cooking a meal．D．Picking tomatoes．【解答】B8．（1分）A．The man should work hard．B．The man should turn down the job offer．C．The man may have another chance．D．The man can apply for the job again．【解答】C9．（1分）A．It is a hot and smoggy day．B．There is a traffic jam on King Street．C．A vehicle is polluting the air．D．The man is reading a report online．【解答】C10．（1分）A．Its ending is not good enough．B．Its special effects are not satisfying．C．It deserves an award．D．It is good except for the scary part．【解答】ASection B11．（6分）Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage．11．A.1．B.2C.3D.52．12．A．Pay the bills first．B．Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses．C．Deposit 1000 every month．D．Put part of the money in a savings account．13．A．Methods of saving money．B．Saving money for family emergencies．C．The importance of saving money．D．Secrets of spending money wisely．【解答】11．C 12．D 13．A12．（6分）Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage．14．A．Free education．B．A sum of money．C．Donations from a local newspaper．D．Gifts from many people．15．A．Let students in before school．B．Offer ice cream and coffee．C．Introduce a bank into the campus．D．Reduce the traffic jams around．16．A．It lacks positive news．B．It should grow into a big city．C．It is a place worth living in．D．It remains peaceful and quiet．【解答】14．B 15．A 16．CSection C Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.13．（8分）Blanks 17through 20are based on the following conversation．Complete the form．Write ONE WORD for each answer．Class Diary （June 13﹣19）【解答】17．Deadline 18．photos 19．stadium 20．Lunch14．（8分）Blank 21through 24are based on the following conversation．Complete the form．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．【解答】21．a（famous）judge 22．Asking for help23．Having a voice 24．Sharing （with others）II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.15．（8分）Bags of LoveLast year，I was assigned to work at an office near my mother's house，so I stayed with her for a month．During that time，I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries．After less than a week，I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly﹣we were always suddenly out of something．（25）Wondering（wonder）how my mum could consume them so quickly，I began observing her daily routine for two weeks．To my surprise，I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine．Eventually，I decided to follow her and （26）what happened truly amazed me．She was taking the food to the refugee camp，in （27）which she distributed it to children．。
2016年上海市高考英语试题与答案(精编版)
绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
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第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fillin each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed. In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people overunimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature —sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D.extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D.encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D.on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.”I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重 I’ll miss her harum-scarum③ noise, ③莽撞的 And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful.I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or breaka person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem”gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations liveup to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; thisrise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over halfof all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries totighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase couldsink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up toa third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the ParisAgreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati,which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them fromsinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial agebegan, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start ofthe industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commo ns Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to th ink through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and d id the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who st udies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is a nother matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the lon g-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their bu siness models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collectionsof personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the“standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing. (Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
2016年上海英语高考试题文档版(含答案)
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of thegiven word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly withher and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady ina shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever foodshe could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was. 学.科网(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at homewith no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control )your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc.If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be usedonce. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accountB. adjustableC. appliancesD. captureE. decorationsF. directG. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeezeGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems throughthe most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的) thinking. When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 withjust a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference.changing atmosphere and set In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’sinternational limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided tocontinue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will getdepends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Parispromises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water anddrive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Eventhis increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number ofspecies.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying islandnations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start ofthe industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who havebeen examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Sci ence and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.says “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of theirterms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accuratereflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on avoluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We dothink they would,” know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in panother matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, butMiller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t k long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 he says.years’ time,” Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’ｔknow how companies will useour data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitem terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have toactually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in thefewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of thecountry’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on theright and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong, isdesigned to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded acrossthe Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leavingthe majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walkingand standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up”escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
2016上海市高考英语试卷及答案(word版)教学文案
绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
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第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother ’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me—shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn ’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的) thinking. When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinishedsattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Parispromises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water anddrive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets everyfive years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a declineof up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push bylow-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could savethem from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of theway to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal informatio n have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t wo rking. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at anyone time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up”escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
上海市各区2016届高三英语一模汇编：阅读理解A篇(带答案精准校对)(20200223154049)
One【2016届上海市虹口区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In job interviews, we’re often asked about our strengths and weaknesses. And, as a matter of fact, most of us know automatically how to respond.Common wisdom tells us to use faux weaknesses, which means things that are strengths described as negatives and turned into positives. You might even be able to change your weaknessinto a skill for a job you’re not fully qualified for.In America, in a championship game you are unlikely to see athletes showing weakness. Ifthe athletes become hurt in this game, they will hide their injuries —they don’t want their competitors to know their weak spots. But there is absolutely no need for us to act like this inbusiness affairs.At work and in business, you can have shortcomings because these can be overcome andturned into strengths. The only fatal thing is to not realize that all your weaknesses can be madestrong. Of course, to make up for shortcomings, you must first be aware of what your weaknessesreally are.Have you ever wondered what has happened when you interview for a job you’re fullyqualified for, but it goes to someone who doesn’tseem to be qualified at all? How would thatperson get the job when he had none of the qualifications listed in the job ad?That applicant figured out the business pain point that is seldom, if ever, mentioned in the jobad, and then how to address it. He didn’t talk about how he met each of the requirements on the job ad. He had none of the qualifications. He asked questions instead. He asked probing (探询的) questions to learn more about the business pain. By doing so, this less-qualified person soonlearned that the hiring managers needed something different from what was listed in the job ad.Not accepting the job ad as an unquestionable truth is the key. There is no reason to think thathiring managers actually know what they need when they write job ads. They may need someonecompletely different from what they describe. That is why you can get a job that you’re notqualified for.66. The underlined word “faux” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “__________”.A. incorrectB. illogicalC. falseD. imaginary67. What exactly does the author advise you to do when you are a weak candidate for a job?A. Don’t ask questions if you think you are a weak candidate.B. Ask questions about the job until you find you have something to offer.C. Don’t let your interviewer know your weaknesses but tell him your strengths.D. Ask questions according to the job description to see if you can be a qualified candidate.68. Why does the author think an applicant can get a job that he’s not qualified for?A. Because hiring managers may change their mind in the job interview.B. Because hiring managers may actually need someone who can ask questions.C. Because the applicant may not know that he actually has the required qualifications.D. Because hiring managers may not know what they actually need when writing the ad.69. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. You can change you weaknesses into strengths in job interviews.B. Don’t expose your weaknesses but show your strengths in job interviews.C. Find out the business pain point not mentioned in the job ad in job interviews.D. Hiring managers usually don’t know what qualifications they really need.Keys: 66-69: CBDATwo【2016届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Rosalind Franklin always liked facts. She was logical and precise,and impatient with things that were otherwise. She decided to become ascientist when she was 15. She passed the examination for admission toCambridge University in 1938, and it sparked a family crisis. Althoughher family was well-to-do and had a tradition of public service and charity,her father disapproved of university education for women. He refused to pay. An aunt stepped inand said Franklin should go to school, and she would pay for it. Franklin’s mother also took her side until her father finally gave in.She was invited to King’s College in London to join a team of scientists. The leader ofthe team assigned her to work on DNA with a graduate student. Franklin’s assumption was that it was her own project. The laboratory’s second-in-command, Maurice Wilkins, was on vacation at the time, and when he returned, their relationship was puzzling. He assumed she was to assist his work; she assumed she’d be the only one working on DNA. They had powerful personality differences as well: Franklin direct, quick, decisive, and Wilkins shy, hesitant, and passive.In 1953, Wilkins changed the course of DNA history by disclosing, without Franklin’s permission, her Photo 51 to competing scientist James Watson, who was working on his own DNA model with Francis Crick at Cambridge. Upon seeing the photograph, Watson said, “My jaw fell open and my pulse began to race,” according to author Brenda Maddox who wrote the book Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA.The two scientists did in fact use what they saw in Photo 51 as the basis for their famous model of DNA, which they published on March 7, 1953, and for which they received a Nobel Prize in 1962. Crick and Watson were also able to take most of the credit for the finding: they included a footnote acknowledging that they were “stimulated by a general knowledge”of Franklin’s and Wilkin’s unpublished contribution, when much of their work was rooted in Franklin’s photo and findings. Franklin didn’t know that these men based their article on her research, and she didn’t complain either, likely as a result of her upbringing. Franklin “didn’t do anything that would invite criticism… (that was) bred into her,” Maddox said.66. Wilkins’ relationship with Franklin was characterized by __________.A. unity and harmonyB. confusion and competitionC. cooperation and miscommunicationD. misunderstanding and conflict67. What does Watson mean by saying “My jaw fell open and my pulse began to race”?A. He was confused that Crick had not made this discovery.B. He was surprised that Wilkins had discovered this information.C. He was satisfied with the importance of Photo 51.D. He was anxious about the progress Wilkins and Franklin had made.68. What is Brenda Maddox’s main intention according to the quote in the last paragraph?A. To re-evaluate the importance of the DNA model.B. To criticize King’s College and Cambridge.C. To emphasize Franklin’s importance in science.D. To deny Watson’s and Crick’s contribution to science.69. Franklin’s career as a scientist demonstrates _____________.A. that her work was pointing at the most difficult problemB. that she was the only female scientist during the periodC. the importance of DNA in modern scienceD. that perseverance leads to success and recognition of field scientistsKeys: 66—69 CBCDThree【2016届上海市浦东新区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In a class this past December, after I wrote some directions on the board for students abouttheir final examination, one young woman quickly took a picture of the board using her smartphone. When I looked in her direction, she apologized, “Sorry. Was it wrong to take a picture?“I can’t read my own handwriting,” the young woman explained. “It’s best if I take a pictu of your writing so I can understand the notes.”That remark started a class-wide conversation about taking a picture instead of taking notes.For those in the photo-taking camp, motivations extended beyond their inability to comprehendtheir own handwriting. Some took pictures of notes because they knew their phone was a safeplace to store material. They might lose pape r, they reasoned, but they wouldn’t lose their phones.Some took photos because they wanted to record exactly the manner in which I had notedinformation on the board. Others told me that during class they liked to be able to listen to thediscussion attentively.Yet the use of cameras as note takers, though it may be convenient, does raise significantquestions for the classroom. Is a picture an effective replacement for the process of note-taking?Instructors encourage students to take notes because the act of doing so is more than merelyrecording necessary information—it helps prepare the way for understanding. Encouragingstudents to take notes may be an old-fashioned instructional method, but just because a methodhas a long history doesn’t mean it’s out of date. Writing things down engages a student’listening, visual, and kinesthetic(触觉的) learning—a view supported by a longstanding research.The act of writing down information enables a person to begin committing it to memory, and toprocess and combine it, establishing the building blocks of learning new concepts.Taking a picture does indeed record the information, but it deletes some of the necessarymental engagement that taking notes employs. So can the two be equally effective?66. The woman apologized in the class because she_____________.A. had the bad handwritingB. missed the teachers’ directionsC. took a picture of the boardD. disturbed other students’ learning67. According to the passage, which of the following may NOT explain students’ reluctance totake notes?A. They lack proper techniques for taking notes.B. They want to listen more attentively in class.C. They believe smart phones are much safer for storing notes.D. They want to have the exact version of the notes on the board.68. According to the passage, taking notes by hand_____________.A. requires students to think independentlyB. helps students actively participate in learningC. proves to be an old and useless learning methodD. seems unsuitable for students to learn new ideas69. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The traditional way of note-taking should be replaced.B. A modern way of note-taking is catching on.C. Note-taking by hand is not out of date.D. A picture is worth a thousand words.Keys: 66—69 CABCFour【2016届上海市长宁区高三英语一模】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“When I Have Death is a serious theme worthy of great poets. For example, John Keats’sFea rs That I May Cease to Be” and John Donne’s “Death, Be Not Proud” both discuss death in reflective ways. However, the imagery (意象) in these poems shows that while Keats believes thatdeath can only destroy, Donne believes that death can be overcome.Keats is afraid of death, because to him death means the loss of those things that make hislife worth living: “On the shore/ of the wide world I stand alone, and think / Till Love and Fame tonothingness do sink.” Earlier in the poem, Keats says that he hopes this “Love” will be a romance” with a “fair creature.” He also says that he hopes the “Fame” he seeks will be the of the “high piled books” produced by his “crowded brain.” In other words, Keats’s fea death is a “nothingness” that will arrive before he can finish his life’s work or find his tru Donne has a different attitude toward death, and so the imagery in his poem is different, too.s,To Donne, death should “be not proud,” because it is not “mighty and dreadful.” Unlike K Donne sees death as weak and merely a “slave to Fate, chance, kings, and desperate men.”the sleep ofsays that death is like “rest and sleep”. Donne believes that we will all wake fromdeath to everlasting life, just as we wake from our normal sleep to our everyday lives. In fact,Donne believes that only death itself will die: “One short sleep past, we wake forever, / And Death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die.”Keats and Donne both know that death is a part of life, and both poets use powerful imageryto talk about that difficult theme. The differences in this imagery show two very different attitudestoward the subject, one of which is much more positive than the other. Which poet to believe is upto the reader to decide.Not surprisingly, the readers’ own experiences may play a part in the way they respond tothese poets’ approaches. Like the two poets and their beliefs, contemporary readers also may beand Donne’s poetr y remains fascinatingdivided on the subject. This may explain why Keats’syears after their own deaths.66. According to the passage, _________ makes Keats’s life worth living.A.expressing his grand passion for poetryB. walking on the shore with a pretty ladyC. defeating nothingness with his true loveD. pursuing the fame of being a romantic poet67. In Donne’s poems he believes that death is ______.A. generally powerful and terribleB. only a ceaseless sleepC. merely the loss of work and loveD. hardly worth the fear_____.68. Contemporary readers may view the two poets’ serious subject differently because ___A. they are attracted to the two poets’ everlasting opposite beliefsB. they are divided naturally by their positive or negative personalitiesC. their own life experiences affect the understandings of the poemsD. their preferences for the poets’ strong imageries are various69. Which of the following best describes the main writing style of the passage?A. Analysis.B. Argument.C. Comparison.D. Reasoning.Keys:66—69 ADCCFive【2016届上海市徐汇区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Dad,I’m writing to you as I feel it’s been quite a while since we last spoke (two years to be exact, you hung up on me). So how is Germany? How old are your other children now? What have youbeen up to this year? I finished my A-levels this summer. But enough small talk. On our Europeanroad trip in the summer, the journey took us close to your house and I asked Mum and my stepdadif we could pay a visit so that I could see you. Outside your house, I couldn’t bring myself out of the car and knock on the door.I’ve tried so many different forms of communication －email, the phone and I alsosuggested Skype. Yet I still can’t get through to you.My mum, stepdad and I sat around the table trying to work out why I had felt unable to knockon your door that day. At last it came to me. I think, perhaps subconsciously, I was saving myselfthe grief of your response.Why can’t your parental obligations stretch to all three of your children, not just your tworecent ones? In our previous conversations, which ended suddenly, as your older son needed to beput to bed, I’d ask you how he was doing at school, and you’d talk about the weather. No one listening would be able to tell there was any difference between our relationship and one youmight have with a neighbour.Forget your excuses – that the flight to visit me is expensive and that you need to look afteryour other children (I hope you can see the irony(讽刺) in that). While you watch their schoolve liked you to be there at mine?plays, don’t you consider that I would haPerhaps the reason I didn’t knock on your door was that I just don’t care anymore. I’mexhausted trying to make this work. Maybe a part of me wasn’t actually bothered whether I sawyou or not that day —you’ve already los t so much meaning in my life; you are someone who justsends me a birthday card.This isn’t me being bitter, although I was initially. It’s just a way of telling you how I really feel.Phoebe66. How did Phoebe feel when she was sitting in the car outsid e her father’s house?A. ExcitedB. PuzzledC. DisappointedD. Embarrassed67. Based on this letter, we can learn that Phoebe’s father _____________.A. lives in the same city with his daughterB. got divorced and left Phoebe and her motherC. has never had any communication with PhoebeD. takes good care of all his childrenirony” refer to in Paragraph 5?68. What does the “A. He ended his conversation with Phoebe just to put his son to bed.B. He lives in a big house but has no money to buy an air ticket.C. He talked with Phoebe, his daughter, as if with a neighbour.D. Phoebe is also his child but he excuses himself from caring about her.69. Phoebe didn’t knock on her father’s door that day because _____________.expected responses to her visitA. she was afraid of his dad’s unB. she didn’t want to bother her father’s happy life with his current familyC. she was tired of being the one who make efforts for their relationshipD. she suddenly realized that her father had no meaning in her lifeKeys: 66-69 CBDCSix【2016届上海市闵行区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)(You may read the questions first.)We have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier.Using your NatWest Service CardAs a Switch card, it lets you pay for all sorts of goods and services, whenever you see the Switch logo. The money comes straight out of your account, so you can spend as much as you like as long as you have enough money (or an agreed overdraft (透支) to cover it). It is also a cheque guarantee card for up to the amount shown on the card. And it gives you free access to your money from over 31,000 cash machines across the UK.Using your NatWest Cash CardYou can use your Cash Card as a Solo card to pay for goods and services wherever you see the Solo logo. It can also give you access to your account and your cash fromover 31,000 cash machines nationwide. You can spend or withdraw what you have inyour account, or as much as your agreed overdraft limit.Using your cards abroadYou can also use your Service Card and Cash Card when you’re abroad. You can withdraw cash at cash machines and pay for goods and services wherever you see theCirrus or Maestro logo displayed.We take a commission charge(手续费) of 2.25% of each cash withdrawal you make (up to￡4) and a commission charge of 75 pence every time you use Maestro topay for goods or services. We also apply a foreign-exchange transaction fee of 2.65%.Using your NatWest Credit CardWith your credit card you can do the following:-free credit.＊Pay for goods and services and enjoy up to 56 days’ interest＊Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the MasterCard or Visa logos.＊Collect one AIR MILE for every￡20 of spending that appears on your statement (结cheques bought, interest算单). (This does not include foreign currency or traveler’sand other charges.)66. If you carry the Service Card or the Cash Card, ____________.A. you can use it to guarantee things as you wishB. you can draw your money from cash machines convenientlyC. you can spend as much money as you like without a limitD. you have to pay some extra money when you pay for services in the UK67. If you withdraw￡200 from a cash machine abroad, you will be charged ___________.A. ￡4B. ￡4.5C. ￡5.25D. ￡5.368. Which of the following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card?A. You have to pay back with interest within 56 days.B. You can use the card in any shop across the world.C. You will be charged some interest beyond two months.。
2016年高考真题——英语(上海卷)(含答案解析)
2016年高考真题——英语（上海卷）（含答案解析）高考真题高考模拟高中联考期中试卷期末考试月考试卷学业水平同步练习2016年高考真题——英语（上海卷）（含答案解析）1 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.【答案解析】 25. Wondering 26. what 27. which 28. had done 29. buying 30. Before 31. from 32. how试题分析：本文属于记叙文，我在无意中发现妈妈偷偷地帮助难民，赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。
(精校版)2016年上海英语高考试题文档版(含答案)
绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷本卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t g et a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of thepassages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)□13SUN□14MON 17 for after-class activity application□15TUE□16WED Handing in three student 18□17THU Basketball Club meetingTime:12:45—1:30 pm Place: The 19□18FRI Filling in a form with up-to-date personal dataTime: 20 break Place: The computer room□19SATBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter? She is 21 in court and a writer.What is Sue’s suggestion for people with difficu lties? 22In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part about her job?23 in decision-making.What does Sue think happiness is? 24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with a n older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing howmuch stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accountB. adjustableC. appliancesD. captureE. decorationsF. directG. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeezeGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a pro duct’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word ＂Poems＂appeared in big, hot pink letters.＂Is it good?＂I asked her.＂Yeah,＂she answered. ＂There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.＂I leaned forward.＂‘Patty Poem,’＂she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,… ①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③ noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.＂It’s you, honey,＂My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the ＂she＂in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.＂What’s wrong?＂my mother asked.＂Oh Mama,＂I cried. ＂I don’t want to grow up ever!＂She smiled. ＂Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?＂＂Okay,＂I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but ＂Patty Poem＂remains my poem. After all, ＂Patty Poem＂gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read ＂Patty Poem＂probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that＂Patty Poem＂leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer itwill get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction. 2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough ＂meaningless drivel＂. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Techno logy Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.＂The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,＂says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. ＂we need to think through how we make that work in practice,＂says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? ＂I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,＂says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. ＂We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.＂But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. ＂We still don’t know how significantthe long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,＂he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase ＂meaningless drivel＂in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . It could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the ＂standing ＂side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: ＂It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.＂Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three ＂up＂escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other ＂up＂escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(上海卷,含解析)
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（上海卷，含解析）考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and qui et.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)□13SUN□14MON 17 for after-class activity application□15TUE□16WED Handing in three student 18□17THU Basketball Club meetingTime:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19□18FRI Filling in a form with up-to-date personal dataTime: 20 break Place: The computer room□19SATBlank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter? She is 21 in court and a writer.What is Sue’s suggestion for people with difficulties?22est part about her job? 23 in decision-making.In Sue’s eyes, what is the bWhat does Sue think happiness is? 24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammaticallycorrect. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the otherblanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. D that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were alwayssuddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observingher daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods andhead out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazedme. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly withher and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell meabout what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) thegroceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told hershe didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady ina shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever foodshe could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.【答案】25. Wondering 26. wha t 27. which 28. had done 29. buying 30. Before 31. from 32. how【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，我在无意中发现妈妈偷偷地帮助难民，赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。
英语高考模拟卷-上海市育培高中2016届自招高考模拟卷英语试题及答案
上海市育培高中2016届自招高考模拟英语试题考生注意：1. 考试时间100分钟, 试卷总分值120分。
2. 本试卷设试卷和答题卷两部分。
试卷分为第I卷和第II卷。
所有答案必须涂〔选择题〕或写〔非选择题〕在答题卷上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题卷纸上填写准考证号和，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Daniel Anderson, a famous psy chologist, believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV___(25)____ problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.One traditional belief a bout television is that it reduces a child’s ability___(26)____(understand) the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像).___(27)______, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.__(28)___ argument against television is that it replaces reading as__29_____ form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to readi ng ability. TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading. “A child’s reading ability isbest predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching___30___(lower) IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes ___31_____ no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it’s the other way around. “If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.(B)While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons __32__ explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome”(空巢综合症).In order to seek __33__(good) chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, __34__(leave) their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact __35__ most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty __36__ they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match __37__ they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing timely response __38__ the needs of their aged parents.The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents __39__ (describe) as “distant parent phenomenon”, __40__ is common both i n developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”.The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had ___41____ characteristics.In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the '__42___ of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.But _43___ the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still ___44____ themselves in __45_____ class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically ___46____, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was __47_____ as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded 'educated' and 'soft'. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional city accents. These accents were seen as 'common' and 'ugly'. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class___48____In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an __49_____of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song 'Common People' puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may 'want to live like common people' they can never__50_____ the reality of a working-class life.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Archaeologists are scientists who search for clues that help form a clearer picture of the lives people led in the past. Archaeology is a modern science, but it has been ___51___ for centuries. More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and ___52___ could provide information for ___53___ generations. For more than a thousand years, however, such ___54___ were observers rather than researchers.In the 1700s, scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled ___55___ to explore ancient sites. Digs that are still ___56___ began in 1709 at Herculaneum, an Italian city buried in ash during the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in A. D. 79. The Danish scholar Carsten Niebuhr visited the ruins of Persepolis in the Middle East in 1765 to study cuneiform writing (楔形文字). ___57___, archaeology didn’t become a widely recognized science and schools didn’t recognize the subject as a scholarly pursuit until the 19th century. The term itself was ___58___ in 1837. It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiquities (古物).” One of the first archaeologists to use a scientific approach to the discipline was Heinrich Schliemann of Germany, who in the late 1800s ___59___ the ancient civilization of the city of Troy.Today, archaeologists uncover the past in many different ___60___, including deserts and jungles, at sites called digs. Ancient sources, folk tales, and landscape features can suggest where archaeologists should look. Surveys of the land help them choose sites ___61___ to provide artifacts, the objects that will unlock the story of a particular people —their daily lives, their beliefs, and their ties to other cultures. A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist. Some prefer to study more ___62___ settlements. One scientist, for instance, studies coal mining camps in California by examining the garbage that miners ___63___. Archaeologists may work for universities, museums or governments, and some of them are involved in educating the public about ___64___ ancient sites. Artifact hunters who are ___65___ history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities.51. A. adventuring B. changing C. digging D. evolving52. A. books B. history C. ruins D. science53. A. lost B. later C. older D. several54. A. inventors B. scholars C. visitors D. writers55. A. extensively B. nationwide C. regularly D. together56. A. in progress B. in good condition C. on display D. out of control57. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Meanwhile58. A. coined B. considered C. recognized D. used59. A. created B. developed C. established D. investigated60. A. countries B. fields C. locations D. ways61. A. certain B. likely C. ready D. necessary62. A. honorable B. peaceful C. rural D. recent63. A. gave away B. gave off C. left behind D. left out64. A. choosing B. examining C. studying D. protecting65. A. aware of B. fed up with C. ignorant of D. familiar with Section BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claims, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assuming he or she has a just claim. Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, theconsumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”. The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer's rights.66. When a consumer finds that his or her in it, the first thing he or she should do is to ____.A) complain personally to the managerB) threaten to take the matter to courtC) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchaseD) show some written proof of the purchase to the store67. How can a consumer make his or her complaint more effective, according to the passage?A) Explain exactly what is wrong with the item.B) Threaten to take the seller to court.C) Make polite and general statements about the problem.D) Avoid having direct contact with the store manager.68. According to the passage, which of the following is suggested as the last alternative that consumers may turn to?A) Complain to the store manager in person.B) Complain to the manufacturer.C) Write a complaint letter to the manager.69.The passage tells us ____.A) how to settle a consumer’s complai nt about a faulty itemB) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty itemC) how to avoid buying a faulty itemD) how to deal with complaints from customers(B)About PISAThe Program for International Student Assessment(PISA) is a triennial international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. To date, students representing more than 70 economies have participated in the assessment. What makes PISA differentPISA is unique because it develops tests which are not directly linked to the school curriculum. The tests are designed to assess to what extent students at the end of compulsory education, can apply their knowledge to real-life situations and be equipped for full participation in society. The information collected through background questionnaires also provides context which can help analysts interpret the results.What the assessment involvesSince the year 2000, every three years, fifteen-year-old students from randomly selected schools worldwide take tests in the key subjects: reading, mathematics and science, with a focus on one subject in each year of assessment. The students take a test that lasts 2 hours. The tests are a mixture of open-ended and multiple-choice questions that are organized in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of test items are covered. Students take different combinations of different tests. Additional PISA initiativesPISA-based Test for Schools(PTS)As interest in PISA has grown, school and local educators have been wanting to know how their individual schools compare with students and schools in education systems worldwide. To address this need, the OECD(The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) has developed the PISA-based test for schools. It is currently available in the United States and the OECD is in discussions with governments to make the test available in other countriessuch as England and Spain.70. PISA is different from other programmes because __________.A. its test is closely related to the school curriculum.B. its test aims to assess whether students can solve real-life problems.C. its test can equip students for full participation in school.D. test scores directly determine the analysis of the test.71. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Test-takers are carefully selected.B. Test-takers answer the same questions.C. Test-takers are tested on three key subjects.D. Test-takers spend about 390 minutes on the test.72. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Students of all ages will be able to take PTS in the future.B. More countries are likely to have PTS in the future.C. School and local educators show little interest in PISA at present.D. PISA provides evaluation of education system within a certain country.73. Where can we most probably find the passage?A. On the InternetB. In a newspaperC. In a magazineD. In an advertisement(C)According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188, 000 students, today's traditional-age college freshmen are "more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的) " than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the student's major objective is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life. It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the "altruistic" fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.While it's true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.The most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机) : "Miss Baxter, " he says, "could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?"From the long-term point of view, that's what education really ought to be about.74. According to the author’s observation, college students ________.A) have never been so materialistic as todayB) have never been so interested in the artsC) have never been so financially well off as todayD) have never attached so much importance to moral sense75. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with ________.A) the influences of their instructorsB) the financial goals they seek in lifeC) their own interpretations of the coursesD) their understanding of the contributions of others76. By saying “While it’s true that...be they scientific or artistic”, t he author means that ________.A) business management should be included in educational programsB) human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC) human intellectual development has reached new heightsD) the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked77.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B) Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.All of us exist in ‘bodies’ of different shapes, heights, colors and physical abilities. The main reasons for the differences are genetic, and the fact that people’s bodies change as they age. However, a huge range of research indicates that there are social factors too.Poorer people are more likely to eat ‘unhealthy’ foods, to smoke cigarettes and to be employed in physically difficult work or the opposite: boring, inactive employment. Moreover, their housing conditions and neighbourhoods tend to be worse. All of these factors impact upon the condition of a person’s health: the physical shapes of bodies are strongly influenced by social factors.These social factors are also closely linked to emotional wellbeing. People with low or no incomes are more likely to have mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether poverty causes mental illness, or whether it is the other way around. For example, certain people with mental health issues may be at risk of becoming homeless, just as a person who is homeless may have an increased risk of illnesses such as depression.There are other types of social factors too. Bodies are young or old, short or tall, big or small, weak or strong. Whether these judgments matter and whether they are positive or negative depends on the cultural and historical context. In fact, the culture of different societies promote very different valuations of body shapes. What is considered as attractive or ugly, normal or abnormal varies enormously. Currently, for example, in rich societies the idea of slimness is highly valued, but historically this was different. In most societies the ideal body shape for a woman was a ‘full figure’, while in middle-aged man, a large stomach indicated that they were financially successful in life.Sociologists are suggesting that we should not just view bodies and minds in biological terms,but also in social terms. The physical body and what we seek to do with it change over time and society. This has important implications for medicine and ideas of health. Thus, the idea of people being ‘overweight’ is physically related to large amounts of processed food, together with lack of exercise, and is therefore a medical issue. However, it has also become a mental health issue and social problem as a result of people coming to define this particular body shape as ‘wrong’ and unhealthy.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Besides social factors, what are the other two reasons for differences in bodies?79. The social factors are likely to have a great effect on people’s ______ and ______.80. Valuations of body shapes change with ______.81. The “This” in the last paragraph refers to ______.第II 卷〔共47 分〕I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 他们的建议听起来和我们的同样可行。
上海市2016届高三3月月考英语试题Word版含答案(可编辑修改word版)
2015 学年度第二学期三月高三英语试卷第 I 卷(共103 分)I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the f1. A. In a restaurant. B. At a concert.C. In a museum.D. At a flower shop.2. A. 15. B. 50. C. 85. D. 100.3. A. Excited. B. Interested. C. Disappointed. D. Entertained.4. A. Go on with the chat. B. Review his lessons.C. Connect with his friends.D. Talk with his friends face to fac5. A. Leave the paper to the woman. B. Type the paper immediately.C. Read the newspaper carefully.D. Check the paper once again.6. A. She believes the program is enjoyable. B. She doesn’t like the proC. She admires the talents in the program.D. She will watch the7. A. Doctor and patient. B. Librarian and student.C. Policeman and car driver.D. Post clerk and customer.8. A. It wasn’t very enjoyable. B. It was very exciting.C. It was adventurous.D. It was as good as expected.9. A. He is always in a good mood. B. He spent more money than expectedC. He is happy that he’s got a new piano.D. He’s pleased with his10.A. Mr. White’s new appointment. B. Mr. White’s vacation.C. An important vacant position.D. How to apply for a job.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked thr hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Firing a gun. B. Robbing a motorcyclist.C. Dangerous driving.D. Injuring two people.12.A. The motorcyclist was injured. B. The driver was seriously hurt.C. The armed robbery failed.D. A car driver witnessed the robber13.A. Around 8:30 p.m. last night. B. Around 9:30 p.m. last night.C. Around 10:30 p.m. last night.D. Around 8:30 this morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. Traditional grocery stores. B. Bigger grocery chains.C. Membership stores.D. Large discount centers.15.A. Americans have bought more organic foods than before.B.People like to go to the stores that sell natural foods.C.Supermarkets offer less variety than discount chains.D.Supermarkets are usually owned by different companies.16.A. Supermarkets are no longer important.B.There is more competition now than there used to be.C.Supermarkets have had to raise prices to make a profit.D.Natural foods have taken over the market that supSection CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage c fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically c(A)The first year of school can be stressful - not for the kids, but for the parents!They want their little ones to do well at school and some pushy parents will already But some parents are concerned about the rules for when children should start school The School Admissions Code for England says that children (26) join the recep But here is the problem: A four year old who is born in August could be in the same The older child will probably do better in class tests. He or she is almost a year ( Now England's schools minister, Nick Gibbs says that the rules should (29) (c And he said that some parents “feel forced (30)(send) their child to school He proposes that children that are born during the summer can join the class when th Dr. David Whitebread, an educationalist from Cambridge University says that the UK h “In countries with these later starting ages, there is a very much reduced summer-b(B)Face-Reading SystemIf a potential customer enjoys your advertisement, they are more likely to buy your received in the real world. Now a new system could help advertisers know exactly how the The system, (34) (develop) by Daniel McDuff and colleagues at the Massachusetts can then classify what is viewed as positive facial responses and smiles during the vide The team collected more than 3200 videos of people, (37) faces were filmed by th one for Doritos, one for Google and one for Volkswagen, the viewers were asked if they li cent of the time.The system would be a gift for advertisers (38) (try) to grab the attention o (39) (view) programmes online, depending on their reaction, or as a moreeffectiv Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each wordA. engagedB. inevitablyC. vitalD. innovationsG. available H. imagine I. simply J. impressedA Special Day: Microsoft’s 40th AnniversaryEarly on, Paul Allen and I set the goal of a computer on every desk and in every home about how far computing has come since then, and we can all be proud of the 42 role Today I am thinking much more about Microsoft’s future than its past, though. I bel and computing will become even more spreading. We are nearing the point where computers a Under Satya’s leadership, Microsoft is better positioned than ever to lead these adv the deepest commitment to research in the industry. In my role as technical advisor to Saty Skype Translator, and Holo Lens -- and those are just a few of the 47 that are on th In the coming years, Microsoft has the opportunity to reach even more people and org 48 do not have access. So I hope you will think about what you can do to make the powe as the very intention of what a PC delivers makes its way into all devices.We have accomplished a lot together during our first 40 years and enable countless bu Microsoft a fantastic company now and for decades to come.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More LightSolar photovoltaic thermal energy systems (太阳能光伏热能系统), or PVTs, produce bot 的) solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool cr way to gather heat.That’s a problem of economics. A solar-electric system is run at a comparatively lo (光伏的) cells can 54 all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal app In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen HarrisoMost solar panels (电池板) are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. Because they 57 much less silicon, they and are breakable.“That means that, when you expose them to light, their efficiency 59 ------- pretty up only a small 60 of the market.However, Pearce and his team eventually found a way to improve the 61 of solarthin-film silicon to make it work and improve its working efficiency. 62 , Pearce’s gr cells that largely overcame the 64 effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon di cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.51. A. focus B. exposed t C. protecte D. compared52. A. effic B. reasonabl C. normal D. passive53. A. value B. reward C. cost D. price54. A. put u B. take up C. make up D. break up55. A. decis B. solution C. suggesti D. qualifica56. A. rough B. probably C. generall D. specially57. A. repla B. produce C. exchange D. require58. A. Unfor B. Luckily C. Similarl D. Evidently59. A. works B. counts C. rises D. drops60. A. choic B. content C. portion D. element61. A. range B. function C. appearan D. extent62. A. In co B. In brief C. In fact D. In genera63. A. locat B. condition C. surround D. temperatu64. A. negat B. inexact C. inevitab D. complex65. A. incre B. defined C. wasted D. loweredSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europ expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to havthought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed wit them to their children as sandwiches.Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Co the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Unt tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of clock stopp ed her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friend66.Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?A.British people were the first people in Europe who drank tea.B.It was not until the 17th century that British people had tea.C.British people got expensive tea from India.D.Tea reached Britain from Holland.67.What does this passage most probably talk about?A.It talks about how British people got the habit of drinking teaB.It talks about how tea became a popular drink in BritainC.It talks about the history of tea drinking in BritainD.It talks about how tea-time was born68.People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because .A.tea with milk stopped people getting a sinking feelingB.people followed the way a French lady drank teaC.tea with milk was then a fashionable curiosityD.tea with milk tasted much more pleasant69.We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostA. the upper social classB. the ancient ChineseC. a famous French ladyD. people in Holland(B)HOLIDAYS1.The Bay HotelIt’s a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking the bay in an uncommerca relaxing holiday where the scenery is breathtaking and the sound ofTEL: 01326 2804642.Willapark Manor HotelPeaceful situation in 14 acres of separated gardens and woodland, oyear. Children (reductions) and pets welcome.TEL: 01840 7707823.The Country Garden HotelDelightful hotel set in lovely gardens; calm Island of Wight nearwelcome.TEL: 0800 980 19434.BoscastleRomantic 17th Century farmer’s cottage in cou ntryside with splenBrochure: 01633 4504175.Godshill4 star self-served units. Non smoking. Sleeps 2－4. Open all yearBrochure: 01983 8403716.The B1akeney HotelOverlooking harbour, traditional privately owned friendly hotel wiand coast. Tourists only. Special seasonal midweek price for aged cit TEL: 01263 7407977.SW FranceRural setting near Cordes. Two beautifully repainted old houses,TEL: 01962 77696770.Which of the following is advertised in a humorous way?A. BoscastleB. SW FranceC. GodshillD. The Bay Hotel71.A family with two kids and two dogs can only choose to stay in .A. The Country Garden HotelB. Willapark Manor HotelC. The Bay HotelD. Boscastle72.In which of the following can Elderly people enjoy a special price offer?A. GodshillB. The Bay HotelC. The B1akeney HotelD. The Country Garden Hotel73.All of the following hotels are close to the sea EXCEPT .A. SW FranceB. The Blakeney HotelC. Willapark Manor HotelD. The Country Garden Hotel(C)It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer sc dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn compute or create artwork, or test hypotheses (假设). It’s not as hard for them to transform the becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the ma “we try to adjust lessons to things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, a The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build P rogramming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they through a problem and organize the results — apply to any coding language, said Deborah Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn ho to do that — the better.74.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to .A. remodel the way of thinkingB. perfect artwork productionC. formulate logical hypothesesD. complete future job training75.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will .A.have to be upgraded when new technologies comeB.need improving when students look for jobsC.help students learn other computer languagesD.enable students to make big quick money76.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to .A.stay longer in the information technology industryB.become better prepared for the digitalized worldC.bring forth innovative computer technologiespete with a future army of programmers77.The word “coax” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to.A. misguideB. challengeC. frightenD. persuadeSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the Some futurologists have assumed that the vast increase of women in the workforce may of this concern is that the outlook of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data sh about rainy days ahead. As the economy comes to life, the number of marriages also rises The increase in divorce rates follows to the increase in women working outside the h less cloudy than its effect on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good is equally plausible (似是而非的). Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a ke and emotional stability.Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go toge Also, a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger (Note: Answer the question or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78.According to the first paragraph, what do fewer people get married for when the79.A wife may strengthen her family’s stability by working to.80.Psychologically speaking, whether will have a strong effect on t81.What problem may a multi-paycheck household have?第 II 卷（共 47 分）I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in1、当你感到疲惫不堪时，为何不停下手中的事情放松一下呢？（Why…）2、当地的慈善机构安排了各种活动为那些病人筹集医疗和生活费用。
【中学生报】2016年上海高考英语模拟试卷(含答案)(图片版)
2016年上海高考英语模拟试卷（含答案）命题：建平中学徐锋载于5月27日《上海中学生报·高招周刊》参考答案第I卷1-24 略25. may/might/must 26. what 27. which 28. that29. concerning 30. more capable 31.has 32. Though/Although/While 33. Investigating 34. made 35. in 36. to minimize37. are used/are being used 38. a 39. that 40. before41—50 IBDFA GKJEC51—65 BABBA CDACA CCABC66—77 DBAD CAB ACADC78. the expansion of farmland79. Climate change80. (Because) urban areas provide various flowering plants and an extended flowering season81. pesticides, climate change and disease第II卷I.Translation1. Never has our school been so well-known to the public as it is now.2. His insisting on his own idea caused many people to be infected with the disease.3. Though there seems nothing special about it, the electronic watch helps the wearer to manage time and improve efficiency.4. Not having traveled alone before, he decided to conceal his plan from his parents in case they may feel worried.5. It is common for us Chinese to prepare a lot of delicious food to entertain foreign guests so as to show them our friendship and hospitality.II.略。
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英语高考模拟卷-上海市育培高中2016届自招高考模拟卷英语试题及答案上海市育培高中2016届自招高考模拟英语试题考生注意：1. 考试时间100分钟, 试卷满分120分。
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Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to distinguish television’sinfluences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV___(25)____ problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping child ren’s minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability___(26)____(understand) the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像).___(27)______, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.__(28)___ argument against television is that it replaces reading as__29_____ form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is notrelated to reading ability. TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading. “A child’s reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says. Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching___30___(lower) IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes ___31_____ no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it’s the other way around. “If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.(B)While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all thereasons __32__ explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome”(空巢综合症).In order to seek __33__(good) chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, __34__(leave) their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact __35__ most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty __36__ they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match __37__ they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing timelyresponse __38__ the needs of their aged parents. The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents __39__ (describe) as “distant parent phenomenon”, __40__ is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”.The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had ___41____ characteristics.In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the '__42___ of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. But _43___ the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still ___44____ themselves in __45_____ class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically ___46____, yet it remains an important part of British society.Britain seems to have a love of stratification. One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was __47_____ as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded 'educated' and 'soft'. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional city accents. These accents were seen as 'common' and 'ugly'. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class___48____In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an __49_____of classbecoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song 'Common People' puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may 'want to live like common people' they can never__50_____ the reality of a working-class life.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Archaeologists are scientists who search for clues that help form a clearer picture of the lives people led in the past. Archaeology is a modern science, but it has been ___51___ for centuries. More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and ___52___ could provide information for ___53___generations. For more than a thousand years, however, such ___54___ were observers rather than researchers.In the 1700s, scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled ___55___ to explore ancient sites. Digs that are still ___56___ began in 1709 at Herculaneum, an Italian city buried in ash during the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in A. D. 79. The Danish scholar Carsten Niebuhr visited the ruins of Persepolis in the Middle East in 1765 to study cuneiform writing (楔形文字). ___57___, archaeology didn’t become a widely recognized science and schools didn’t recognize the subject as a scholarly pursuit until the 19th century. The term itself was ___58___ in 1837. It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiquities (古物).” One of the first archaeologists to use a scientific approach to the discipline was Heinrich Schliemann of Germany, who in the late 1800s ___59___ the ancient civilization of the city of Troy.Today, archaeologists uncover the past in many different ___60___, including deserts and jungles, at sites called digs. Ancient sources, folk tales, and landscape features can suggest where archaeologists should look. Surveys of the land help them choose sites ___61___ to provide artifacts, the objects that will unlock the story of a particular people —their daily lives, their beliefs, and their ties to other cultures. A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist. Some prefer to study more ___62___ settlements. One scientist, for instance, studies coal mining camps in California by examining the garbage that miners ___63___. Archaeologists may work for universities, museums or governments, and some of them are involved in educating the public about ___64___ ancient sites. Artifact hunters who are ___65___ history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities.5A. B. C. digging D. evolving1 . adventuringchanging52.A. booksB. historyC. ruinsD. science53.A. lostB. laterC. olderD. several5 4 . A.inventorsB. scholarsC. visitorsD. writers5 5 . A.extensivelyB.nationwideC.regularlyD. together5 6 . A. inprogressB. in goodconditionC. ondisplayD. out ofcontrol5 7 . A. Besides B.HoweverC. InsteadD.Meanwhile5 8A. coined B.consideredC.recognizedD. used.5 9 . A. created B.developedC.establishedD.investigated6 0 . A.countriesB. fieldsC.locationsD. ways6 1 . A. certain B. likely C. ready D.necessary6 2 . A.honorableB. peacefulC. ruralD. recent6 3 . A. gaveawayB. gave offC. leftbehindD. left out6 4 . A.choosingB.examiningC.studyingD.protecting6 5 . A. awareofB. fed upwithC.ignorant ofD. familiarwithSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claims, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled inthe consumer's favor, assuming he or she has a just claim. Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”. The store manager ma y advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to courtor report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer's rights.66. When a consumer finds that his or her in it, the first thing he or she should do is to ____.A) complain personally to the managerB) threaten to take the matter to courtC) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchaseD) show some written proof of the purchase to the store67. How can a consumer make his or her complaint more effective, according to the passage?A) Explain exactly what is wrong with the item.B) Threaten to take the seller to court.C) Make polite and general statements about the problem.D) Avoid having direct contact with the store manager.68. According to the passage, which of thefollowing is suggested as the last alternative that consumers may turn to?A) Complain to the store manager in person.B) Complain to the manufacturer.C) Write a complaint letter to the manager.69.The passage tells us ____.A) how to settle a consumer’s complaint abouta faulty itemB) how to make an effective complaint abouta faulty itemC) how to avoid buying a faulty itemD) how to deal with complaints fromcustomers(B)About PISA What makes PISAThe Program for International Student Assessment(PISA) is a triennial international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. To date, students representing more than 70 economies have participated in the assessment. differentPISA is unique because it develops tests which are not directly linked to the school curriculum. The tests are designed to assess to what extent students at the end of compulsory education, can apply their knowledge to real-life situations and be equipped for full participation in society. The information collected through background questionnaires also provides context which can help analysts interpret the results.What the assessment involvesSince the year 2000, every three years, fifteen-year-old students from randomly selected schools worldwide take tests in the key subjects: reading, mathematics and science, with a focus on one subject in each year of assessment. The students take a test that lasts 2 hours. The tests are a mixture of open-ended and multiple-choice questions that are organized in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of Additional PISA initiativesPISA-based Test for Schools(PTS)As interest in PISA has grown, school and local educators have been wanting to know how their individual schools compare with students and schools in education systems worldwide. To address this need, the OECD(The Organization for EconomicCo-operation and Development) has developed the PISA-based test for schools. It is currentlytest items are covered. Students take different combinations of different tests. available in the United States and the OECD is in discussions with governments to make the test available in other countries such as England and Spain.70. PISA is different from other programmes because __________.A. its test is closely related to the schoolcurriculum.B. its test aims to assess whether studentscan solve real-life problems.C. its test can equip students for fullparticipation in school.D. test scores directly determine theanalysis of the test.71. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Test-takers are carefully selected.B. Test-takers answer the same questions.C. Test-takers are tested on three keysubjects.D. Test-takers spend about 390 minutes onthe test.72. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Students of all ages will be able to takePTS in the future.B. More countries are likely to have PTS inthe future.C. School and local educators show littleinterest in PISA at present.D. PISA provides evaluation of educationsystem within a certain country.73. Where can we most probably find the passage?A. On the InternetB. In a newspaperC. In a magazineD. In anadvertisement(C)According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188, 000 students,today's traditional-age college freshmen are "more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的) " than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the student's major objective is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life. It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the "altruistic" fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.While it's true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to seethe connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.The most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense.I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机) : "Miss Baxter, " he says, "could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?"From the long-term point of view, that's what education really ought to be about.74. According to the author’s observation, college students ________.A) have never been so materialistic as todayB) have never been so interested in the artsC) have never been so financially well off as todayD) have never attached so much importance to moral sense75. The students’ cri teria for selecting majorstoday have much to do with ________.A) the influences of their instructorsB) the financial goals they seek in lifeC) their own interpretations of the coursesD) their understanding of the contributions of others76. By saying “While it’s true that... be they scientific or artistic”, t he author means that ________.A) business management should be included in educational programsB) human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC) human intellectual development has reached new heightsD) the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked77.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B) Managers often find it hard to tell right fromwrong.C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.All of us exist in ‘bodies’ of different shapes, heights, colors and physical abilities. The main reasons for the differences are genetic, and the fact that people’s bodies change as they age. However, a huge range of research indicates that there are social factors too.Poorer people are more likely to eat ‘unhealthy’ foods, to smoke cigarettes and to be employed in physically difficult work or the opposite: boring, inactive employment. Moreover, their housing conditions and neighbourhoods tend to be worse. All of thesefactors impact upon the condition of a person’s health: the physical shapes of bodies are strongly influenced by social factors.These social factors are also closely linked to emotional wellbeing. People with low or no incomes are more likely to have mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether poverty causes mental illness, or whether it is the other way around. For example, certain people with mental health issues may be at risk of becoming homeless, just as a person who is homeless may have an increased risk of illnesses such as depression.There are other types of social factors too. Bodies are young or old, short or tall, big or small, weak or strong. Whether these judgments matter and whether they are positive or negative depends on the cultural and historical context. In fact, the culture of different societies promote very different valuations of body shapes. What is considered as attractive or ugly, normal or abnormal varies enormously. Currently, forexample, in rich societies the idea of slimness is highly valued, but historically this was different. In most societies the ideal body shape for a woman was a ‘full figure’, while in middle-aged man, a large stomach indicated that they were financially successful in life.Sociologists are suggesting that we should not just view bodies and minds in biological terms, but also in social terms. The physical body and what we seek to do with it change over time and society. This has important implications for medicine and ideas of health. Thus, the idea of people being ‘overweight’ is physically related to large amounts of processed food, together with lack of exercise, and is therefore a medical issue. However, it has also become a mental health issue and social problem as a result of people coming to define this particular body shape as ‘wrong’ and unhealthy. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Besides social factors, what are the other tworeasons for differences in bodies?79. The social factors are likely to have a great effect on people’s ______ and ______.80. Valuations of body shapes change with ______.81. The “This” in the last paragraph refers to ______.第II 卷（共47 分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 他们的建议听起来和我们的同样可行。