牛津高中英语语法复习大全

1．二者差异比较 限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或 that 来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句， 不可用 that 引导。
He has a brother who is a physicist. He has a brother, who is a physicist. (只有一个) He returned all the books which are written in English. He returned all the books, which are written in English.
主、宾、表 宾
主、宾、表 主、宾、表
主、宾 定语
状 状 状 状
This is the place where we work.（vi.） (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的) This is the place which we visited. (vt. )
2
种类 先行词 （人）在
定 从句中做 主语或宾 语
4
This is the place which we visited. (vt. ) （五）：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
从句与先行词的关系
标点 关 系 代 词 修饰 翻译
形式上 内容上 关系词
先行词
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
从句是先行词不可缺少的定 从句只是对先行词的附加说
语，如果省去，主句的意思就 明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然
2) You must do everything that
I do.
先行词 关系代词 定语从句
(二)：关系代词的作用;
1.连接主句和从句。
2.代表被修饰的先行词。
3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。
eg. This is the room which I lived in last year. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句
牛津高中英语语法复习
1
语法复习一：定语从句
（一）定义 1)在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由句子承当），修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句； 在句中起定语的作用. 2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词 antecedent
1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句
The novel which Tom bought is 省去。
very interesting. 汤姆买的小说很有意思。
Can you lend me the magazine which 做介词宾语不可 about which you talked yesterday? 省 你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给
我吗？
whose The professor whose daughter teaches you whose 在从句中做定
English is Dr. Williams
语
人
那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。 指 某 人 的 也 可 以
或
The professor, the daughter of whom 用 … of whom 代 替
This is the only money that I have in my pocket. All the money that was collected was given to the Hope Project. (3) 如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时，关系代词常用 that,不用 which。 This is the first book that was written in English. This is the last factory that I visited. This is the best film that I have ever seen. This is the funniest thing that I ever heard. (4) 如果先等词被 the only ,the very , the same ,the last 修饰，关系代词常用 that,不用 which. This is the only book that I really like. He was the only person in the office that was invited to the ball. (5) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用 that。而不用 who, which. 例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
Library. 我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆
时定语从句用 that 引 导。
He is the only person that is believable. 他是唯一可靠的人。
John is the very person that she wants to see. 约翰正是她要见的人。
show. 我想看那些刚上映的电影。
先行词 关联词
例句
说明
3
物
all, little much that 和 some,any every ,no 构成的合 成代词
人 或 that 物
that
定
人
语
从
或
句 物
They talked for about an hour of things 先 行 词 分 别 表 示 人
先 行 词 被 the only, the very,the same 等 修饰时用关系代词
that.
Who is the man that is talking with Tom ?
正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁？
Which of the books that you bought is easy to 当主句以 who、which
代词不受制约，用 that 或 who (whom)
均可
This is the best film that I have seen . 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
先行词被形容词最
The first place that we’ll visit is Beijing 高 级 或 序 数 词 修 饰
会不完整或不明确。
清楚或完整
从句和主句之间不用逗号分开 从句和主句之间通常用逗号
分开
指人 who (that) whom
指人 who（作主语）whom（做
指物 which (that)
宾语）
人和物 whose
指物 which
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可 人和物的 whose
以省去
关系代词一般不可省
从句只修饰一个名词或代词 可以修饰一个名词或代词也
语
关联词 who
例句
说明
This is the doctor who saved the who 在从句中做主语
boy’s life .
whom 在从句中做宾语，
这就是救了孩子生命的医生。 口 语 中 who 可 以 代 替
She is the new student whom I want whom，也可以被省去，
5
I’m sure I know the person who served me. Tom, who served us, is the owner of the restaurant. A student who studies hard will make good progress. The student, who lives far from school, is the leader of their football match. （六） 关系代词 that 和 which 的区别 <1>． 只能用 that 的情况 (1) 如果先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ，few.等不定代词，关系 代词一般只用 that，不用 which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. Everything that we saw was interesting. I’m interested in everything that I don’t know. All that is needed is a supply of oil. (2) 如果先等词被 all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等词修饰，关系代词常用 that,不用 which. 例如：I read all the books that you gave to me.
词行
先行词
充当成分
关
who
系
Whom
代
词
That
Which
As
Whose=of whom\of which
关
When=at\in\on\during which
系
Where=at\in\to which
副
词
Why=for which
that 在口语中可以代替关
系副词
人 人 人&物 物 物 人&物 时间 地点 原因 以上三者
read?
开头的特殊疑问句
你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。
时，定语从句要用
that
when He came at a time when we. needed him 在 定 语 从 句 中 作 时
时
most.他在我们最需要的时候来了。
间状语
We’ll never forget the day when the People’s
night. 这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。
why I know the reason why she studies so well . 在定语从句中作原因状语 我知道她学习好的原因。
This is the place where work.（vi.） (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的)
(三)：定语从句中有 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as. 关系副词 when, where, why 等引导定语从句。
（四）：用关系代词还是用关系副词 关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，选用什么样的关系词，要由它在定 语从句中担任的逻辑作用来决定。
I will wear no clothes which will be out of ordinary. I will wear no clothes, which will be out of ordinary. The man who lives next door is a doctor. My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.
that 人
has now been repaired The woman that is playing the piano is Miss that 指人做主语
Zhang. 正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。
或
I’d like to see the films that are just on that 指物做主语
and persons that they remember in the 和物，关系代词要用
school.
that ， 不 用 who 或
他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事，which
谈了大约有半个小时。
先行词表示物，关系
I’ll tell you all(that )I know about it .
间
Republic of China was founded.
我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的
那一天。
注：先行词是 time, minute, moment, next time 很少用关系副词 when,可用 that 但通常省去。
地点
原因 理由
where This is the room where he put up for the 在定语从句中作地点状语
to introduce to you .
但做介词宾语时只能用
她就是我要介绍给你的新学生 whom
从 句
定 语 从 句
种类
物在从句 中做主语 或宾语
which
Please pass me the book which is
lying on the table.
which 在从句中做主语。
请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。 which 充当宾语时可以
代 词 用 that 不 用
我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。 which, 在 从 句 中 做
Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 有什么我可以帮助做的事吗？
宾语可省去 。如果 先行词是人时，关系
I’ve brought everything (that )you need. 我把你需要的东西都拿来了。
可修饰整个主句
定语从句译在被修饰词的前面 定语从句通常被译成另一个
独立的句子
限制性
非限制性
无逗号
有逗号先行词不是唯一的 Nhomakorabea先行词是唯一的，定语从句
可有可无。
可用 that ,why.作宾语可以省 不可用 that ,why。关系词一
略
律不省。
名词或代词
名词或代词，也可以使整个
句子
汉语翻译
译作定语
译成并列句
物
teaches you English is Dr. Williams.
whose
的
The bike whose brake was damaged has
now been repaired.
指物时也可以用…of
那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。 which 代替 whose
=The bike the brake of which was damaged