定语从句

定语从句

一、概述

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that和关系副词when、where、why等。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.最后，那个小偷向警察交出他偷的所有的东西。（引导词是关系代词that）

His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whose family was poor.他父母不让他和家庭困难的人结婚。（引导词是关系代词whose）

In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在那个黑暗的街道上，没有她可以求助的人。（引导词是关系代词whom）

In 1519 another traveller who went to America from Europe discovered the tomato. 1519年另一位从欧洲去美洲的旅行家发现了西红柿。（引导词是关系代词who）

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得第一次去北京的那一天。（引导词是关系副词when）

This is the house where we lived last year. 这就是我们去年住的房子。（引导词是关系副词where）

二、关系代词和关系副词的功用能

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。

1、作主语

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需要的是大量的油。（引导词that在句中作主语）

A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是会飞的机器。（引导词that在句中作主语）

The foreigner who visite d our class yesterday is from Canada.昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。（引导词who在句中作主语）

They planted the trees which didn't need much water. 他们种植了需水不多的树木。（引导词which在句中作主语）

2、作宾语

在定语从句里作宾语的关系代词在口语中常被省去

The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 我煮的面条美味可口。（引导词that，可省略）The fish(which)we bought wes not fresh. 我们买的鱼不新鲜。（引导词which，可省略）

The person to (whom) you just talked is Mr.Li. 刚才你与其交谈的人是李先生。（引导词whom，不可省略）

3、作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。

Miss Brown is the teacher whose house caught fire last night.布朗小姐就是昨晚房子着火的那位老师。

This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher. 这就是那个男孩，他母亲是我们的语文老师。

注意：关系代词whose在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语时，可以跟介词放在主语和从句之间。

The boss in whose company Mr. Kang worked called at the hospital. 老板到医院拜访了康先生，康先生在他的公司里工作。

4、作状语

关系副词where, when和why在定语从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。

I'll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我将永远不会忘记我们在农场工作的那段日子。

The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 他父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的西部。

This is the reason why he came late. 这就是他来晚的理由。

三、关系代词的用法

英语中的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that和as。它们的用法如下：

1、who，whom的用法

who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。

In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry. 起初，买到西红柿的人常常会生气。(作主语)

The person(whom) you should write to is Mr. Ball. 你应该给他写信的人是波尔先生。(whom 作宾语能省略)

His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818. 他很爱你的母亲，她于1818年去世了。（whom 引导非限制性定语从句，作宾语但不能省略）

2、whose的用法

whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。

I have a friend whose father is a mayor. 我有个朋友，他父亲是市长。

We lived in a house whose window faces south. 我们住在窗口朝南的房子里。

3、which的用法

which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。Today, fruit trees which once grew only in China can now be found in many parts of the world. 今天，那些曾经只在中国生长的果树能够在世界上许多地方看到了。（作主语，不能省略）They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.他们需要一种不像水稻那样需要水的作物。（作主语，不能省略）

It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy.它用来记录乘客所购买的车票。(作宾语，