山东交通学院毕业论文

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暮光之城与聊斋志异中女性主义的对比研究

山东交通学院毕业论文居中暮光之城与聊斋志异中女性主义的对比研究A Comparative Study of Feminism in The Twilight Saga and Strange Stories from a ChineseStudio院(部、系)外国语学院专业英语届别2021届学号姓名指导教师请在不改变格式的同时保证横线长度相等。

山东交通学院教务处二零二一年六月摘要在女性主义看来，女性是人类个体璀璨的历史，具有独立的、理想的光辉，她们在人类社会发展进程中发挥着不可取代的历史性作用，同时，她们也是一支易被世人低估的力量。

女性主义的出现极大程度上瓦解了男权社会与父权制的社会结构，使女性提高主体意识，实现个体解放成为可能。

《暮光之城》是哥特小说中彰显女性主义的典范之作，无论是在场景构图、人物塑造还是在主题渲染方面，都以女性视角为体验轴心，侧重画面的唯美感、情节的凄美感和人物的柔美感，主旨层面则突出女性主体意识的觉醒。

《聊斋志异》作为蒲松龄的“孤愤之书”，塑造了一系列形象各异的女性人物，其中部分女性角色身上都洋溢着与那个封建时代格格不入的女性主义意识。

因此，本文以《暮光之城》和《聊斋志异》为研究对象，探析这两部小说中的女性主义。

关键词：《暮光之城》，《聊斋志异》，女性主义From the perspective of feminism,women are the brilliant history of human individuals, with independent and ideal brilliance.They play an irreplaceable historical role in the development of human society.At the same time,they are also a force that is easily underestimated by the world.The emergence of feminism has disintegrated the social structure of patriarchal society and patriarchy to a great extent,making it possible for women to increase their subject consciousness and realize individual liberation.The Twilight Saga is a model of feminism in Gothic novels.Whether in scene composition,character creation or theme rendering,it takes the female perspective as the experience axis,focusing on the aesthetics and plot of the picture.The poignant beauty and the feminine beauty of the characters,and the theme level highlights the awakening of female subject consciousness.As Pu Songling's“Book of Solitary Anger”,Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio has created a series of female characters with different images.Some of the female characters are permeated with feminist consciousness that is incompatible with that feudal era.Among the classics,the feminist color is even stronger.Therefore,this article takes Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio and The Twilight Saga as the research objects to analyze the feminism in these two novels.Key words:The Twilight Saga,Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio,FeminismIntroduction (5)1.Background (7)1.1The Twilight Saga (7)1.1.1About Stephenie Meyer (7)1.1.2Introduction of The Twilight Saga (8)1.2Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio (9)1.3The development of feminism (10)2The image-shaping (12)2.1In The Twilight Saga (12)2.1.1The analysis of the plot (12)2.1.2From Bella (12)2.1.3From Edward and his family (13)2.2In Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio (14)2.2.1Women with independent financial ability (14)2.2.2Female images with revenge consciousness (15)2.2.3The elimination of traditional novel model (16)2.2.4The causes of author feminism (17)2.2.5The limitations of author feminism (18)Conclusion (19)Acknowledgements (20)IntroductionWestern feminist thoughts emerged in Western society in the second half of the 19th century.The emergence of feminist thoughts is not only an important theoretical advancement in the development of human history,but also an epoch-making historical progress.Throughout history,female groups have played the role of being enslaved,oppressed,and ruled in both Eastern and Western societies.The emergence of feminist thought not only gave women the impetus for individual liberation,but also provided a way for human development to face up to mankind itself from a diverse perspective,and face the historical development of mankind with the courage of the courage of both sexes to develop together and equality.A new mode of thinking and a way out for development.In the historical evolution of Western society,women undoubtedly played an inestimable role in advancing,especially feminist theories.In fact,women's contribution to society in a patriarchal society is far more than people understand.Female culture liberates women from a patriarchal society and enables them to gain more freedom,equality and respect..To a certain extent,feminism,as the theoretical position of the female group,has an extremely important supporting role for female individuals.At the same time,feminist culture has more indirectly promoted the diversified transformation of society,enabling human beings to acquire a new mode of thinking in their own evolution and evolution.The Twilight Saga is a model of feminism in Gothic novels.Whether in scene composition,character creation or theme rendering,it takes the female perspective as the experience axis,focusing on the aesthetics and plot of the picture.The poignant beauty and the feminine beauty of the characters,and the theme level highlights the awakening of female subject consciousness.Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio,as Pu Songling's“Book of Solitary Anger”,portrays a series of female characters with different images.Some of the female characters are permeated with feminist consciousness that is incompatible with that feudal era.The feminist in the novel The color is even stronger.The chivalrous girl embodies a strong sense of independence, self-determination and control of her own destiny,as well as contempt and flogging of feudal etiquette.Therefore,starting from these two novels,the main purpose of this article is to discover the greatness of women in the patriarchal society by exploring feminism.In comparison,male culture has always appeared in front of people in a social mainstream posture.Therefore,studying female culture is not only an inherent requirement of female culture itself,but also the primary task for the overall progressof human culture as a whole.At the same time,although the existing male culture in the society has matured and has a certain degree of systematization,there are still many unreasonable,unhealthy and unfavorable problems for the overall development of men.The new development requirement of female culture is a modification of male culture from the side.Therefore,the analysis of female culture is an important attempt to promote the entire human culture as well as male culture,and it has important theoretical and practical significance for progress.In summary,this article takes The Twilight Saga and Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio as the research objects,and discusses in detail the feminism in the two novels from the three aspects of setting,character and theme.1.BackgroundFrom the women in The Twilight Saga and Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, we can see that under the influence of traditional thinking and authoritarian thinking that a woman is virtue at the time,many women do not possess independence. Thinking,most of them possess the qualities of pursuing freedom,daring to resist,and being brave.1.1The Twilight SagaThe Twilight Saga is a series of novels written by American writer Stephanie Meyer,including Twilight,New Moon,Lunar Eclipse and Breaking Dawn.This series of novels describes the love story of the young girl Isabella Marie Swan and the handsome and elegant vampire award Cullen.1.1.1About Stephenie MeyerStephenie Meyer was born in Arizona,USA.She has been reading a lot of books since she was a child,and she has chosen to read those heavy and big books,because she likes long stories,so she doesn't want to let them end early.Sometimes after reading a book,she continued to make up the story on her own.Although Stephanie likes to read very much and majored in English literature in university,she did not participate in any creative writing courses in the four years of university.She didn't create a work that satisfies her.Instead,she was very satisfied with the marriage: Stephanie met her childhood playmate Chris Qiang when she came home from vacation.The two got married before she graduated.She believes in childhood sweethearts and love at first sight,as well as the gods of marriage and sex.Her attitude towards love is also reflected in her novels.When the publisher asked her to add the sexual description of Bella and Yan Dehua in the novel before their marriage, she immediately rejected her,and Stephanie positioned herself after marriage.For a good wife and a good mother,the New Year passed smoothly.Until she was30years old,she was the mother of three children,and she was no longer satisfied with being a good housewife when Qingchun flew away.She felt that she had to do something more to realize her personal value.At midnight on January23,2003,she had an unforgettable dream:on the beautiful soft forest and grass,an ordinary high school girl lay there with a beautiful and surprising vampire beside them.It was so vivid and real,and Stephanie was fascinated by it.After she woke up,she played on the horse and tried to record thedream.At that time,the child was still crying,and Stephanie sat in front of the computer holding him,typing hard with one hand.For the next few days,Stephanie has been obsessed with this dream.She sits in front of the computer and type when she is free,and when she is not free,she thinks about stories in her mind.Just like when she made up a story to herself when she was a child,she wanted to know what would happen later.But all of this is done in secret.She didn't have the courage to tell her devout husband that she was writing a vampire story!Unlike the cruel and terrifying vampires in the past,the vampires described by Stephanie are kind-hearted,biochemical,and romantic.Stephanie uses her profound knowledge of English language and literature and rich imagination to present the life and death of Romeo and Juliet,the elegance and ridicule of Pride and Prejudice,and the entanglement of Wuthering Heights.And conflict,all of this is presented in an extremely easy way,and the lingering color of tragedy hidden under the veil of love is as simple and desolate as the ancient Greek drama,all these made the legend of The Twilight Saga.1.1.2Introduction of The Twilight SagaThe Twilight Saga series of novels is the representative work of American female writer Stephanie Meyer,including Twilight,New Moon,Lunar Eclipse,Breaking Dawn and other chapters,it tells the romantic love story between the weak and melancholy girl Bella and the handsome and charming vampire Edward.The novel changes the horror and bloody of the Gothic novels of the past,and instead takes the female perspective as the axis of experience.The scenes are hazy and beautiful.The character description focuses on women's mentality and life perception,and the theme rendering emphasizes the self after women's growth and transformation.Awakening and motherhood are highlighted,and the whole work is permeated with a strong feminist color.The most obvious difference between The Twilight Saga series of novels and traditional Gothic novels is the arrangement of the scenes.Traditional Gothic novels often use dilapidated and gloomy castles or bleak wilderness as the setting, highlighting a sense of strangeness and horror on the screen,showing the virility and violence of men.The Twilight Saga weakens this gloomy feature based on female aesthetics, revealing a soft and beautiful atmosphere:the vast forest is flooded with sunshine, becoming a place of love for the hero and heroine;the dilapidated castle is replaced by tranquility Gorgeous villas make people linger;vampires and werewolves ofterrifying colors are transformed into beautiful and righteous teenagers;youthful and beautiful,ups and downs of love stories create a warm and romantic atmosphere.The location of the whole story is set in a small town that is rainy all year round.Although the color is biased towards the cool gray and blue,most of the plot scenes are arranged in the verdant jungle and on the lush grass,accompanied by golden Sunshine, delicate flowers,dexterous animals,etc.,are all reappearances of natural beauty,and its purity and softness need not be said too much.In addition,in order to ensure the continuity of this aesthetic scene,the fighting and killing scenes in the novel are also treated as understatement and implicit,which greatly takes care of women's psychological expectations and acceptability,and conforms to women's aesthetic taste.1.2Strange Stories from a Chinese StudioStrange Stories from a Chinese Studio as Pu Songling's“Book of Solitary Anger”, created a series of female images of different shapes,and they are permeated with feminist consciousness that is incompatible with that feudal era.1.2.1About Pu SonglingPu Songling was very enthusiastic about the imperial examination fame.This is due to family traditions,social system and atmosphere at the time,and his own specific circumstances.His family and ancestors have been small landlords throughout the world.They all read books,but their fame is not developed.It seems that they are only talented scholars,and there are no such people.The feudal society in China is centered on familyism.A person's social status is mainly determined by the reputation and status of his family.The writing of"Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio"also clearly shows this point,and his grievances and dissatisfaction,and his thoughts and feelings are also permeated in the work.But we know that the living conditions of the chilly bird hugging the tree and the autumn insect hanging on the moon are a description of his personal life and experience,and at the same time,it is also an overview of the actual situation of the people of Guangda in the early Qing Dynasty.The story of Qinglin Hesse,which he deliberately collected and wrote with great enthusiasm and perseverance,is also the story that the people in the dark society at that time relied on the fantasy creation,and they loved to hear and see.Here,his personal grievance and resentment have become the bridge between him and the people.If there is no personal dissatisfaction,he will ride on the people,oppose thepeople,and will not tie his heart to the people),his personal poor situation,It is the same real soil as the life reality of the people.Therefore,in his works,on the main issues,he can stand on the side of the people at the time,encourage people to work hard to look at the good with what he knows and persist in,and teach people what he knows to distinguish between right and wrong,such as Send charcoal in severe winter, like light in darkness.Both the charcoal and the lamp came from the people,and they warmed oneself,but on the other hand,they came and went to illuminate the people and warm the people.This point cannot be ignored.1.2.2Introduction of Strange Stories from a Chinese StudioStrange Stories from a Chinese Studio,as Pu Songling's“Book of Solitary Indignation”,has created a series of female images of different forms,and they are permeated with feminist consciousness that is incompatible with that feudal era.Pu Songling’s Liao Zhai women are beautiful,beautiful,beautiful,beautiful,and in them, people can see that under the traditional ideology and authoritarian ideology that “women without talent is virtue”are generally believed at that time,Many women do not possess independent ideas.Most of them possess the qualities of pursuing freedom,daring to resist,and being brave.There are many women in“Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio”,and people can explore their feminist charm.The economically independent women described by Pu Songling vividly appear in front of readers with an image of independence and courage.They not only maintain individual independence,but also maintain economic independence.From their bodies,people see not only the images of women,but also the feminist consciousness behind them.Therefore,studying the stories,behavior and wisdom of Liao Zhai women is of great significance to women today.1.3The development of feminismIn the1980s,internal conflicts in feminist theories became increasingly intensified.One point of view tends to ignore the grand theory and pay attention to the specific issues at the micro level.Another view is that the essentialism of gender identity prevails,and essentialism is still promoted in practice.But"equality"is not “same”,gender equality between men and women should take into account the differences in the characteristics of both parties,and fully respect the identity of their important qualities,so as to truly realize the true liberation of women as"human-like" individuals.Therefore,when feminist theories still have no more in-depth research on the difference phenomenon,we should explore this difference phenomenon moredeeply.Feminism should treat sex and gender differently,and use a historical attitude to recognize the existence of sexual differences.This is also the value of the existence of men and women and should not obliterate their respective characteristics.Instead, focus on the root causes of gender differences that cause the unequal status of men and women.Cultural,historical,and linguistic,these are the sources of gender differences.If you want to make women and men equal,ultimately achieve gender differences.For common development and equal development,we must seek a cultural path to change gender differences.In this way,only post-modern feminism is a new exploration to make feminism out of its predicament.2The image-shapingThe feminism in The Twilight Saga and Strange Stories from a Chinese Studiois embodied in various details in the novel,and the most important thing is the most obvious in image shaping.Therefore,this part discusses the feminism of these two novels in detail.2.1In The Twilight SagaThe feminism shown in The Twilight Saga is mainly shaped and completed by the character of Bella.With the personal experience and growth of the heroine Bella as the background,the feminism of Bella and Edward's family is introduced.2.1.1The analysis of the plotThe Twilight Saga is different from other novels of the same type,such as Interview with the Vampire and Four Hundred Years of Fright,which is filled with a terrifying atmosphere.On the contrary,the environment in the plot design of "Twilight"is beautiful and not dark.The overall color of the novel is gray-blue,which is slightly deep and not frightening.This colder color invisibly casts a mysterious and sensual color on the film.On the basis of gray and blue,lush green forests and fresh campuses add a bit of vitality and vitality to the novel.This kind of plot rendering can be seen everywhere in the novel.This novel also attracted many female audiences because of its cold and mysterious plot.The Twilight Saga does not use a lot of cold and strange plots to attract the audience,but uses delicate details to create a soft atmosphere invisibly.An important place in the novel is the forest where Bella unlocked Edward's identity.In the forest, the old trees are verdant,the branches circling and bending,and the faint mist adds a deep sense to the plot of the whole novel.For female audiences,it is a sense of mystery and happiness to truly understand each other in a mysterious and secluded space and witness the unraveling of their true identity.The novel's treatment of this kind of plot satisfies women's pursuit of a certain sense of ritual to some extent.2.1.2From BellaBella’s female subject consciousness is first reflected in her independent choice of fate and life.Whether it is an emotional choice with Edward or whether to become a vampire,Bella has embodied her own ideas as an independent social individual. Through this,Stephanie Meyer has created an image of a woman who can makeindependent decisions about her own destiny and life.At the same time,the literary work The Twilight Saga has a distinct feminist consciousness and feminist color.In the course of Bella's independent choice of fate,the resistance brought about by the interference of the patriarchal society is far greater than the pain that the body needs to bear.As a local sheriff,Bella’s father could not accept his daughter’s transformation into a vampire that everyone hated,and he always held a negative attitude towards her choice;although Edward loves Bella deeply,he can't bear to lose his humanity and soul and give up his good years.As a werewolf,Jacob is not in harmony with the vampire family,and he can't accept that his beloved Bella becomes a vampire.idea.Therefore,although Bella made a resolute decision about her destiny,she was still unable to succeed.It can be seen that the intervention and manipulation of masculinity are thorns that women must cut off on the road to self-realization.Bella got pregnant unexpectedly after marriage.Despite the opposition of everyone,she tried her best to save the fetus.At the time of childbirth,her life was dying.Edward had to inject venom into her body at the last minute,helping Bella finally realize the transformation from human to vampire.,Realized her choice of self-destiny.Through her perseverance and hard work,Bella broke through numerous obstacles,made men compromised,realized the equality of individual lives between men and women,and reached the state of women's ideal self.2.1.3From Edward and his familyIf Bella’s image is not meant to cater to male audiences,then Edward’s image caters to the female visual experience to a large extent.Edward has a fair complexion, a cold face,a slender figure,yet strong,and his clothes are simple but not simple. Even when the sun was shining and he thought he was terrible,his body just shone like a crystal diamond,and there was no frightening change.From the perspective of the appearance of the characters alone,the film The Twilight Saga has broken through many places that the film has not yet broken through.But now that men have the right to speak,women seem to have gradually accepted the male aesthetic standards to judge themselves,and are accustomed to accepting others to evaluate themselves.If one day,when male roles that cater to women can be accepted by the world just like female roles that cater to men,then the world that feminism pursues will be a big step closer.Bella came to Edward's house for the first time,and Edward's family was busy for her arrival.Considering that Bella is a human being,Edward's family uses thekitchen to make Italian dishes for her.And Edward's parents also expressed joy at Bella's arrival.This kind of respect,regardless of whether Bella is a human who may cause great trouble to the Edward family,is not everywhere even in the real world. While avoiding the hunting of James the hunter,the Edward family was fully deployed.Facing the huge trouble of Bella at this time,the Edwards never seemed to want to abandon her.In their hearts,Bella was already a family member.Even Rosalie, who was dissatisfied midway,put on clothes that smelled of Bella under the persuasion of her father Esme,and exposed herself to danger to protect Bella.2.2In Strange Stories from a Chinese StudioPu Songling has created many images with feminist consciousness.It can be seen from Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio that these women have independent personalities,dare to break through themselves,and can participate in social and economic activities under the social background at that time,and work hard to get rich.Mastering economic power,grasping one's own destiny,and deciding one's own life,this kind of characteristic that modern women can have is amazing.2.2.1Women with independent financial abilityIn Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio,compared with the female businessmen recorded in the past,Pu Songling has portrayed a series of shrewd and modern female businessmen who,like men,have the courage to shoulder the burden of family livelihood.Some are even more brilliant and have achieved greater achievements than men.In previous historical materials or literary works,there are often mentions and descriptions of female businessmen,but they have a professional understanding of women businessmen and their careers.The concept is rarely clearly stated,and as far as a single bibliography is concerned,the number of female businessmen and the depth of their actual participation in business activities seldom reach the complete presentation of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio.The economic independence of women in the early Qing Dynasty embodied in Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio can be said to be that these women have a strong sense of operation and management,from category selection,venture capital financing,financial management,production management,technological improvement and innovation,Business distribution,business philosophy,social responsibility,etc.,can be said to be commercial details that other works don't have, and they can appear in the text alone to show the natural nature of women in business. The female businessmen of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio,they are smart andcapable,good at business,and can manage well,which makes the male businessmen in the article less attractive.They can support their families and even become big businessmen.His body embodies the author Pu Songling’s new era merchant thoughts and female merchant consciousness.These women include Shanshan,Xi Liu,Xiao Er and so on.Through the excavation of female businessmen in Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio,we found that women are engaged in different business affairs.The author believes that women who leave the family have two advantages.First,they shift from“distribution of profits”to“generating profits”,and they can engage in a certain profession to achieve a self-supporting life level.They are beneficial to the country and the people.Second,the behaviors they practiced can also give their children the power of example,and can“guide according to the situation”,and they often play an exemplary role in the whole family."2.2.2Female images with revenge consciousnessThe targets of revenge for women in Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio are mainly corrupt officials,landlords and tyrants,villains and rogues who abuse the common people.There are sympathetic and lamentable experiences and encounters in every woman who is vengeful.Although the revenge motives and causes of revenge women in Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio are different,they can generally be divided into the following two categories:The first is revenge for relatives,which refers to a vengeful act of revenge women take when their parents,brothers,sisters,husband,in-laws and other relatives are framed and killed by the wicked.However,there are many chapters in Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio that describe the stories of women avenging their relatives.Some of them,as daughters-in-law,avenge the victimized in-laws.For example,the young woman Gengniang in Geng Niang revenges the in-laws who were pushed into the water by the vast ocean:some are as fiances to avenge the victimized fiance,such as the prostitutes in Xiao Waiting.Xihou takes revenge for his fiancéframed by a wealthy businessman.Among the women who avenge their relatives, most of them are daughters to avenge the victim's father.For example,the girl Shang Sanguan in Shang Sanguan is to avenge the father who was beaten and killed by Yi Hao for no reason:The chivalrous girl in The Swordsman is revenge for the father who was framed to death by the enemy.In the plot description of revenge for relatives, in addition to vividly showing the spirit of resistance and struggle in these avenging women,it also shows their filial piety as daughters,wives and daughter-in-laws.Second,revenge for others.It mainly refers to the revenge behavior of revenge women for those who are not related to them.This kind of revenge behavior can best reflect the chivalrous spirit of revenge women to protect the strong and support the weak and eliminate violence and peace.There are no lack of such chivalrous revenge women in Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio,such as the Yunnan mountain woman in Lord,who took the initiative to avenge the murdered passer-by to the vicious giant:The lone maid in Xin Fourteen Mother was unprovoked by Feng Sheng. When Mr.Yintai was trapped in Tutu and had nowhere to avenge justice,he stepped forward to avenge the victim Feng Sheng.Among the women who avenge others,the most commendable is the peasant woman Zhang in Zhang's Women.She took the initiative to avenge the victims of women when the fierce and licentious extermination of soldiers wantonly raped women.She used clever tricks to attack frequently,and with her weak body,she killed three shameless and obscene soldiers one after another.In the above two descriptions of revenge,if the first kind of revenge is somewhat passive,then the second kind of revenge is undoubtedly more active.Especially when the person who takes the initiative to avenge others is a woman,it is even more commendable.However,whether it is revenge for relatives or others,the revenge of these avenging women is to resist evil and uphold justice,which is worthy of strong recognition and praise.2.2.3The elimination of traditional novel modelIn the long feudal society,men are at the center of society,women have always been at the bottom of the society,in a subordinate position in the family and society, and endured all kinds of unfair treatment.Women follow the set formed by the accumulation of feudal society for thousands of years.“Three outlines and five perseverances”,“Three obeys and four virtues”have become standard women of filial piety,daughter-in-law,virtuous wife,good mother,and kind aunt.These regulations are nothing more than depriving women of their freedom and human rights and treating women as child-bearers.Women's tools and slavery to be submissive.In many works of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio,women showed strong contempt for feudal ethics in the process of pursuing love.For example,the female ghost Xiao Xie and Qiu Rong teased Tao Sheng in the feudal society.This kind of careless play of a woman with a strange man can be said to be unconventional,but we will be touched by Xiao Xie's innocent romance,boldness,implicit shyness,calmness and passion.Feng's father severely reprimanded Hongyu for such an unworldly。

参考资料：城市道路交叉口安全评价研究

把道路条件相似的道路上发生的交通事故按每km长度来划分路段找出研究道路中发生事故数相等的路段个数求出其占总路段数的频率即累积频率绘制事故累积频率的散点图并寻求相关曲线进行拟合分析拟合曲线的突变点以此界定事故多发路段该法虽然没有考虑交通量因素但当研究道路的交通状况时特别是对于同一条道路使用该法比较简单效果好并有一定的理论依据
2.2 车的因素
车是交通安全的关键因素。直接由车辆原因造成的交通事故并不多，一般是由于车辆维修保养不完善、不及时，使车辆在行驶中发生机械故障所致。同时车辆设计不合理，致使驾驶员观察失误、操作失误以及车辆装载超宽、超高、超载或捆绑不牢固也可造成事故。随着车辆技术的不断发展，由于车辆机械故障导致的事故比例越来越小。据统计，发达国家此类事故占总数的比例在0.5%以下，我国为5%左右[3]。
Throughstatistics ofthetrafficflowof urbanintersectionsand the investigation of the delayatintersections, usingthetraffic conflict techniquetoanalysis, this paperfindsthatwhenthe motorand non-motorized vehicleflow atintersectionsreaches a certain size andthesignal timingisnot satisfied with thecurrent situation, it willbringa great threatto the safetylevel ofintersections. Thispapertakes thetypical intersection in Jinan Cityfor exampletocarrythesafety assessmentanalysis,from which we can conclude thepedestriansand non-motor vehicles,order management and the improvement of the road facilitycondition should be the focus ofthesafety improvementatintersections.

山东交通学院毕业论文规范

山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）资料装订规范毕业设计（论文）资料内容及装订要求如下：1、选用山东交通学院统一印制的资料袋。

2、任务书（含任务要求、开题报告、过程检查记录、指导教师评语、评阅人评语、答辩委员会意见及成绩）。

3、学生毕业设计（论文）全部内容。

（1）毕业设计说明书或论文（顺序依次为：封面、中文摘要/关键词、外文摘要/关键词、目录、前言、正文、结论、致谢、参考文献和附录、封底）。

（2）全部图纸或调研报告。

4、外文翻译原文、译文。

山东交通学院本科生毕业设计（论文）写作格式一、基本结构毕业论文或设计说明书应由题目（标题）、摘要、目录、前言（引言）、正文、结论、致谢、参考文献和附录等部分构成。

（一）毕业论文的结构1、题目：即标题，它的主要作用是概括整个论文的中心内容。

题目要确切、恰当、鲜明、简短、精炼。

题目一般不超过20个字，可以使用主副标题。

2、摘要：摘要是论文的高度概括，是长篇论文不可缺少的组成部分。

要求用中、英文分别书写，一篇摘要应不多于300字，要注明3—5个关键词。

3、目录：反映论文的纲要。

目录应列出通篇论文各组成部分的大小标题，分别层次，逐项标明页码，并包括注明参考文献、附录、图版、索引等附属部分的页次，以便读者查找。

4、前言：前言是相当于论文的开头，它是三段式论文的第一段（后二段是本论和结论）。

前言与摘要不完全相同，摘要要写得高度概括、简略，前言稍加具体一些，文字以1000字左右为宜。

前言一般应包括以下几个内容：（1）为什么要写这篇论文，要解决什么问题，主要观点是什么。

（2）对本论文研究主题范围内已有文献的评述（包括与课题相关的历史的回顾，资料来源、性质及运用情况等）。

（3）说明本论文所要解决的问题，所采用的研究手段、方式、方法。

明确研究工作的界限和规模。

（4）概括本课题研究所取得的成果及意义。

5、正文：论文的正文是作者对自己的研究工作详细的表述。

应包括以下内容：（1）理论分析部分：详细说明所使用的分析方法和计算方法等基本情况；指出所应使用的分析方法、计算方法、实验方法等哪些是已有的，哪些是经过自己改进的，哪些是自己创造的，以便指导教师审查和纠正，篇幅不宜过多，应以简练、明了的文字概略表述。

论文定稿

山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）汽车定损查勘与事故分析摘要随着人们生活水平的不断提高，汽车这一便利的交通工具，也逐渐成为现代生活中不可缺少的交通工具，虽为人们带来了极高的便利性，但其造成的交通事故，也是不容忽视的。

就此，为使车主在交通事故中得到保障，国家出台了一系列措施保护消费者的合法权益，也导致出现了汽车保险。

当发生交通事故，车主向承保公司报案，在查勘人员确定事故的真实性及本次事故属保险责任之内，就可以领取到相应的赔款，以保证交通事故中车主的利益。

本文叙述了汽车保险的发展过程及汽车保险查勘定损的内容，主要针对保险责任，对查勘内容要求以及技巧进行说明，重点在车辆损失评估上。

最后拿具体案例进行说明。

突显出查勘员在处理事故中需要注意的具体细节。

关键词:汽车保险，事故车理赔，查勘定损AbstractWith the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the car the conveni ence of transportation, has become a modern life indispensable traffic tools, although f or people to bring the convenience of high, but the cause of traffic accidents, but als o can not be ignored. In this regard, in order to make the owners get the protection i n the traffic accident, the state issued a series of measures to protect the legitimate ri ghts and interests of consumers, but also led to the emergence of auto insurance. Whe n the traffic accident occurs, the owner from the insurance company to report to the police, within the survey personnel determine the accident of the authenticity and the accident is liability insurance, you can receive the corresponding compensation, to ens ure that the interests of owners in the traffic accident. Automobile insurance and the development of the automobile insurance survey to assess the damage are described in this paper, mainly for liability insurance, the survey content requirements and skills i s described, focusing on the evaluation of the loss of vehicle. Finally, a specific case is described. Highlight the details in the handling of the accident survey members nee d to pay attention.Key words:C ar insurance,Car accident claims,Damage survey韩亚青：汽车定损查勘与事故分析目录1 汽车保险概述1.1 汽车保险起源1.2 汽车保险的种类1.3 我国汽车保险的发展历程2 事故车的车险理赔流程2.1 保险公司事故处理流程2.2 报险2.3 接险2.4 事故查勘调度2.5 报案注销3 事故车的查勘定损3.1 现场查勘主要内容及要求3.2 现场查勘技巧4 事故车辆损失确定4.1 车辆定损原则4.2 车辆定损程序4.3 事故车辆损失价格鉴定5 典型事故案例分析山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）前言机动车辆的诞生和广泛应用是人类社会现代文明的重要标志之一，是现在社会人们工作、交往和生活的不可缺少的现代化的交通工具之一。

山东交通学院毕业设计论文选题

山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）选题汽车运用技术/汽车检测与维修专业（专科）1．柴油机共轨喷射系统研究2．蓄电池电动汽车研究3．燃料电池电动汽车研究4．混合动力电动汽车研究5．汽车转向系统安全性研究6．汽车正面碰撞的安全性研究7．汽车侧面碰撞的安全性研究8．汽车追尾碰撞的安全性研究9．汽车安全环保监测结果数据分析10．汽车制动检测结果数据分析11．汽车常见营销模式比较12．汽车租赁市场初探13．汽车制动系统常见故障维修14．离合器常见故障维修15．汽车“液体”合理使用研究16．汽车轮胎合理使用研究17．论我国汽车保险业现状及发展趋势18．车辆保险与索赔实务探讨19．10吨半挂汽车设计（鞍型牵引座）20．双循环式立体停车库设计（提升机构）21．循环式立体停车库设计（横移转动机构）22．汽车影响模式研究23．大众汽车系营销模式研究24．上海通用车系影响模式研究25．汽车水灾事故分析与损失鉴定研究26．汽车保险风险管理研究27．塑料在汽车上的应用与损失修复研究28．事故车辆车身修复技术研究29．汽车社会“人——车”和谐发展模式探讨30．汽车火灾事故分析与损失鉴定研究31．汽车排放控制研究32．汽车保险欺诈特征分析与防范措施研究33．汽车使用风险分析与防范34．浅谈培训在汽车营销中的作用35．汽车转向系统常见故障维修36．汽车燃油合理使用研究37．汽车润滑油合理使用研究38．汽车特种液合理使用研究39．车辆碰撞事故分析与损失鉴定研究40．停车库发展现状及需求预测41．混合动力汽车技术研究42．清洁燃料汽车技术研究交通运输/汽车服务专业（本科）1.柴油机共轨喷射系统研究2.蓄电池电动汽车研究3.燃料电池电动汽车研究4.混合动力电动汽车研究5.汽车转向系统安全性研究6.汽车正面碰撞的安全性研究7.汽车侧面碰撞的安全性研究8.汽车追尾碰撞的安全性研究9.汽车安全环保检测结果数据分析10.汽车制动检测结果数据分析11.汽车常见营销模式比较12.汽车租赁市场初探13.汽车制动系统常见故障维修14.离合器常见故障维修15.汽车“液体”合理使用研究16.汽车轮胎合理使用研究17.论我国汽车保险业现状及发展趋势18.车险投保与索赔实务探讨19. 10吨半挂汽车设计（鞍型牵引座）20.双循环式立体停车库设计（提升机构）21.循环式立体停车库设计（横移传动机构）22.用汽车营销模式研究23.汽大众车系营销模式研究24.上海通用车系营销模式研究25. 汽车水灾事故分析与损失鉴定研究26. 汽车保险风险管理研究27. 塑料在汽车上的应用与损失修复研究28. 事故车辆车身修复技术研究29. 汽车社会“人—-- 车”和谐发展模式探讨30. 汽车火灾事故分析与损失鉴定研究31. 汽车排放控制研究32. 汽车保险欺诈特征分析与防范措施研究33. 汽车使用风险分析与防范34. 浅谈培训在汽车营销中的作用35. 汽车转向系统常见故障维修36. 汽车燃油合理使用研究37. 汽车润滑油合理使用研究38. 汽车特种液合理使用研究39. 车辆碰撞事故分析与损失鉴定研究40. 停车库发展现状及需求预测41. 混合动力汽车技术研究42. 汽车营销模式研究43. 清洁燃料汽车技术研究44.智能汽车发展研究45.汽车被动安全性研究46.汽车转向系电子控制技术研究47.混合动力汽车及其控制策略研究48.汽车主动安全技术发展研究49.汽车营销员的素质与技能要求分析50.汽车制动防抱死系统发展的研究51.电动汽车发展现状及趋势研究52.汽车促销策略的方法与应用研究53.丰田汽车维护研究54.在用汽车排气污染检测研究55.汽车碰撞估损研究56.二手车评估方法研究57.车内噪声分析与控制方法的探讨58.汽车快修连锁经营模式的研究59.汽车性能鉴定与价格评估60.柴油机润滑油更换周期的研究61.我国城市停车问题调查与对策研究62.汽车事故中车速计算的研究63.中国汽车租赁市场调查与分析64.可变配气正时装置原理和检修65.汽车缓速器应用研究66.报废汽车回收利用的调查与分析67.电控悬架工作原理与故障排除分析68.自动变速器常见故障分析69.汽车轮胎安全监测系统研究70.汽车空调系统维修技术71.汽车轮胎的损坏形式及原因分析72.汽车经销店配件管理研究73.我国农村汽车市场分析74.我国家用轿车销售状况分析75.汽车节能技术研究76.汽车俱乐部运行模式研究77.车内空气质量检测研究与防范78.我国汽车维修企业的现状与发展研究79.汽车侧滑检验台测量结果影响因素及不确定度分析80.丰田佳美发动机常见故障分析81.发动机电控系统结构原理与维修的研究82.事故车损失评估的研究83.乘用车碰撞定损分析与研究84.汽车制动性能检测结果影响因素及不确定度分析85.汽车排放检测数据不确定度分析86.自动变速器工作原理与检修技术研究（以某车型为例）87.中国乘用车自主品牌发展策略研究88.汽车火灾事故的定损与分析89.汽车操纵稳定性控制技术的研究90.发动机积炭产生的原因及控制措施91.柴油机高压共轨技术的研究92.中国重型汽车行业分析及未来前景预测93.交通事故与紧急救援系统的现状与策略94.道路运输车辆的风险管理研究95.我国汽车保险产品细化与创新研究96.大型车队的车辆管理研究97.汽车碰撞事故分析与损失鉴定研究98.汽车保险欺诈特点及预防对策研究99.汽车保险业发展现状调查与分析（以某一区域为例）100.道路运输发展趋势研究101.车辆事故查勘与定损技巧研究102.汽车服务行业现状调查与分析103.车辆事故中损余物资处理研究工程机械制造与维修专业（专科）1．高等级沥青混凝土路面机械化施工探讨。

山东交通学院本科生毕业设计(论文)选题汇总表(工程机械系)

山东交通学院2011届本科生毕业设计(论文)选题汇总表
系（部）：工程机械系专业：机械设计制造及其自动化、材料成型与控制、交通建设与装备、船舶与海洋工程）：工程机械系专业：机械设计制造及其自动化、材料成型与控制、交通建设与装备、
序号 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 29 30 31 32 33 34 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
教师联系电话
13465400680
13864055701
13706416489
13864045143
15153161676
66 67 68 69 70 71 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127
13954195824
13573162738
13869135951
13969157171
128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 151 152 153 154 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 243 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 273 274 275 317 318 319 320
机械设计制造及其自动化材料成型与控制交通建设与装备船舶与海洋工程基于plc和组态软件的信号采集系统研究基于uss协议的plc对西门子变频器的控制基于can总线的数据采集系统设计基于pic单片机的多路信号采集系统研究液压挖掘机反铲装置的三维cad建模及动力学分析93全液压驱动液压凿岩钻车液压系统设计动力源和行走驱动系统设计不限94全液压驱动液压凿岩钻车液压系统设计冲击和回油系统设计不限95全液压驱动液压凿岩钻车液压系统设计辅助工作装置设计不限96变量双作用叶片泵研究及结构初探不限97液压驱动垂直锚杆钻机组合阀设计不限98单程自动液压增压器设计不限99全液压驱动液压凿岩钻车液压系统设计后支腿和转钎推进系统设计不限100液压系统工作介质研究不限11013573162738不限111不限112不限113不限114沥青路面就地热再生技术研究不限115不限116不限117不限118小直径螺纹攻丝技术13869135951机械119小孔钻削系统设计机械120并联机床技术研究机械121深孔钻削及钻头监控技术机械122高速研磨技术机械123桥梁运行疲劳试验及其装备技术机械124斜孔钻削技术机械125表面光整技术研究机械12613969157171机械127机械128车辆侧翻试验装置结构设计破坏性侧翻机械129机械130机械131机械132机械133小型汽油机连杆的加工工艺规程设计13173032111不限134小型汽油机连杆的加工工艺分析及铣油槽倒内角夹具设计不限135不限136不限137不限138不限151环保节能草坪修剪机设计不限152基于数学规划的减速器参数优化设计不限153基于气体介质的新型电火花加工设备机械系统设计不限154超声振动辅助铣削加工运动学分析不限21813969015926不限219管道输送的光滑粒子动力学方法研究不限220光滑粒子动力学方法两相流研究不限221车辆三维虚拟驾驶系统不限222千斤顶虚拟装配系统设计不限223飞行仿真可视化研究不限224旋塞阀虚拟装配系统设计不限225不限226喷油泵试验台自动量油装置虚拟装配系统设计不限227车床变速箱中拔叉及专用夹具设计不限228不限229攻丝组合机床的设计不限230自动洗衣机行星齿轮减速器的设计不限231不限232滚筒式抛丸清理机的设计不限233柴油机齿轮室盖钻镗专机总体及夹具设计不限234不限243常见特种加工技术研究13573767306机制245刹车盘

山东交通学院毕业设计论文选题

山东交通学院本科生毕业设计(论文)工作规范(试行)

山东交通学院本科生毕业设计（论文）工作规范（试行）鲁交院教发[2006]22号为科学规范我校本科生毕业设计（论文）管理工作，进一步提高毕业设计（论文）质量，特制定本规范。

一、确定毕业设计（论文）的题目1、确定选题计划。

每年11月底前，各院、系确定毕业设计（论文）的题目及相应指导教师。

一般由指导教师提出选题报告（或由学生提出，经教师初审后提出选题报告），说明其意义、目的、主要工作内容、前期工作及具备的条件，经所在专业教研室集体审定，院、系主管教学主任批准后，列入选题计划。

2、选题。

选题计划确定后向学生公布，学生可根据自己的情况申报选择意向，由指导教师平衡协调后确定。

学生选题结束，各院、系填报《山东交通学院本科生毕业设计(论文)选题汇总表》，于毕业设计（论文）开始前报教务处备案。

3、下发任务书。

毕业设计（论文）的题目确定后，指导教师应提前（毕业设计前1至2个月）将毕业设计（论文）任务书下发给学生。

4、做开题报告。

学生接到任务书后，要认真做好调研分析并填写开题报告书，于毕业设计（论文）开始前4周向指导教师做开题报告。

开题报告检查不合格者，必须在其后一周内重新完成。

二、毕业设计（论文）动员毕业设计（论文）开始前（一般为最后一学期初或上个学期末），各院、系进行毕业设计（论文）动员，组织师生学习本规定，明确职责及要求。

安排必要的毕业设计（论文）指导教师的培训和毕业设计（论文）专题讲座。

三、毕业设计（论文）资格审查按照《山东交通学院学生毕业设计（论文）资格审查规定》的要求，各院、系对毕业生进行毕业设计资格审查。

四、毕业设计（论文）检查毕业设计（论文）进行过程中，各院、系按要求进行前、中、后三阶段检查。

学校不定期组织抽查。

1、前期检查。

检查指导教师到岗情况，课题进行的必须条件是否具备，安排是否合理，任务书是否下达到每位学生。

2、中期检查。

着重检查学风、工作进度、教师指导情况及毕业设计（论文）工作中存在的困难和问题，并采取必要、有效措施解决存在的问题。

交通工程专业毕业论文（5篇模版）

交通工程专业毕业论文（5篇模版）第一篇：交通工程专业毕业论文古典文学常见论文一词，谓交谈辞章或交流思想。

当代，论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。

以下是小编整理的交通工程专业毕业论文，欢迎阅读！1交通工程专业毕业设计选题分析我校交通工程专业毕业设计可分为毕业设计及毕业论文两类。

选题的来源一般为教师自拟题目或科研项目中的某一部分，选题总体来说比较丰富，包括交通工程各领域，如交通设计、道路设计、道路桥梁结构分析等。

总体上而言，我校交通工程专业选题范围较广，基本上涉及到了交通工程的各个方面，且与学生的就业方向具有较好的相关性。

但由于指导教师专业方向的限制，学生能力的限制以及教学条件的限制，学生选题的自由度实际上不大。

在设计类题目中，“交通设施设计”中采用的题目大多就有很强的工程背景或实际背景，如“建设一路公路改造设计”。

此类题目由于具有很强的工程背景，可以为学生提供比较全面的资料，如实际的地形图、地勘报告等，学生参与的兴趣较高，而题目又涉及到实际工程中各方面问题，若师生之间能进行良好的互动，可取得更好的教学效果。

“交通设计”则主要针对道路交叉口或者一定区域内的道路网进行交通分析，在此基础上进行交通优化设计，如“武汉市二环东段道路出入口控制设计”。

此类题目一般以实际问题为依托，学生需要自己采集交通数据及道路数据，在此基础上进行交通模拟分析并对原设计方案进行优化。

“交通信息”则主要涉及到信息工程在交通领域的应用，如“基于Sketch-up的校园三维场景模型的构建”，此类选题需要学生有一定的专业软件能力，具有较强的应用性。

论文类题目中也可分为3个方面，分别为“结构与材料性能”、“交通策略”和“交通信息”。

一般而言，毕业论文涉及到的专业知识相对而言较少，一般仅对某一门课程中一方面的问题开展研究。

其一方面需要学生有扎实的专业基础，另一方面要求学生有一定的科研能力，因此论文在全部设计中占有的比例不宜过大，本专业要求一般不高于20%。

论文：高压共轨柴油机工作原理与故障诊断

山东交通学院毕业论文山东交通学院2013届毕业生毕业届毕业生毕业论文论文论文（（设计设计））题目：高压共轨柴油机工作原理与故障诊断系别机械工程学院专业班级学号姓名指导教师二○一三年六月山东交通学院毕业论文摘要随着能源和环境问题的日益突出,实现节能减排具有重要的现实意义。

高压共轨喷射系统对柴油机的经济性、动力性及减噪方面具有突出贡献,应用得越来越广泛。

共轨式电控喷射技术是今后现代车用柴油机发展的必然趋势。

经过多年的研究和新技术的应用，柴油机的现状已与往日不可同喻，这些技术将进一步把柴油机推向车用动力的主流。

文章阐述了柴油机高压共轨技术的发展历程，高压共轨柴油发动机的组成及其在现代车辆上的应用，同时分析了柴油机电控燃油喷射系统的发展趋势，重点分析了柴油机电控高压共轨系统的工作原理。

旨在让人们对柴油机有更深的了解，同时对柴油机的发展趋势作出预测。

关键词：柴油机，高压共轨，发展趋势高压共轨柴油机工作原理与故障诊断AbstracWith the energy and environmental issues become increasingly prominent, to achieve energy saving has important practical significance. The high pressure common rail injection system have made a great contribution to the fuel economy, power and noise reduction of diesel engines.And so it was widely applied. The Common Rail injection technology is the inevitable trend of the future of modern car diesel engine development. After years of research and application of new technologies, the status of the diesel engine can not be mentioned in the same breath. These technologies will further the diesel to the mainstream of the vehicle power. This paper describes the course of development of high-pressure diesel common rail technology, the composition of the high-pressure common-rail diesel engine and its application in modern vehicles, and also analyzed the development trend of electronic control fuel injection system,especially on the operrational principle. The paper aimed at a deeper understanding of the diesel engine to people and make a forecast of the development trend of diesel engines.Keywords: Diesel Engines，High Pressure Common Rail，Development Trends山东交通学院毕业论文目录前言 (1)1高压共轨发动机的发展 (2)2高压共轨柴油机组成及工作原理 (5)2.1高压共轨柴油机的组成 (5)2.1.1喷油量控制系统EDC (5)2.1.2喷油定时控制系统 (5)2.1.3增压压力控制系统 (5)2.1.4废气再循环控制系统 (5)2.1.5 电热塞控制系统 (6)2.2柴油机电控高压共轨系统原理 (6)2.2.1输油泵工作原理理及特点 (6)2.2.2喷油器工作原理 (6)2.2.3高压共轨柴油机工作原理 (7)2.2.4高压共轨系统的特点 (8)3高压共轨柴油机的常见故障与维修方法（以康明斯柴油机为例） (9)3.1发动机在冬季起动更困难 (9)3.2发动机起动时，曲轴不能转动 (9)3.3发动机起动时可以转动，但不能起动，排气管中无烟 (10)3.4发动机起动困难或不能起动，排气管大量排白烟 (10)3.5发动机动力不足，排浓黑烟 (11)3.6发动机运转中突然熄火 (12)3.7发动机“飞车” (13)3.8发动机“开锅”，逐渐过热 (14)3.9机油消耗量过大 (15)3.10拉缸响 (16)4高压共轨柴油机的检测与调整方法 (18)4.1参数调整 (18)4.1.1怠速的调整 (18)4.1.2尾气排放的调整 (18)4.2主要部件的检测 (18)4.2.1空气流量计 (18)4.2.2进气温度传感器 (19)4.2.3节气门位置传感器 (19)高压共轨柴油机工作原理与故障诊断4.2.4冷却液温度传感器 (19)4.2.5喷油器 (19)4.2.6氧传感器 (20)4.2.7燃油压力 (20)5高压共轨技术在现代车辆上的应用 (21)5.1在轿车和轻型商用车上的应用 (21)5.2在卡车柴油机上的应用 (21)5.3实例分析 (21)结论 (24)致谢 (25)参考文献 (26)山东交通学院毕业论文前言柴油机共轨式电控燃油喷射系统技术集计算机控制技术、现代传感检测技术和先进的喷油结构于一身。

山东交通学院轮机论文解读

山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）山东交通学院海运学院激光淬火对气缸套寿命的影响专业轮机工程届别2014学号101612320姓名孟小伟指导教师丁业立山东交通学院海运学院二○一四年六月孟小伟：激光淬火对气缸套寿命的影响原创声明本人孟小伟郑重声明：所呈交的论文“激光淬火对气缸套寿命的影响”，是本人在导师丁业立的指导下开展研究工作所取得的成果。

除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明，本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果，尊重知识产权，并愿为此承担一切法律责任。

论文作者(签字)日期：2014 年 6 月29 日山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）摘要本文在综合分析了国内外激光加工技术的基础上，提出了柴油机缸套的激光淬火处理。

其原理是利用高能量密度的激光束快速扫描工件，使被照射的金属以极快的速度升到高于相变点而低于熔化温度，当激光束离开被照射的部位时，由于热传导的作用，处于冷态的基体使其迅速冷却而进行自冷淬火，进而实现工件表面的相变硬化。

本文从理论上分析了柴油机缸套激光淬火的工艺参数，提出了几种形式的激光淬火硬化网纹图案和16V240ZJ柴油机气缸套淬硬带螺距的计算方法。

探讨了激光淬火提高柴油机缸套使用寿命的机理，分析了激光淬火工艺温度。

实验研究了16V240ZJ柴油机气缸套(硼合金铸铁)表面激光淬火中的激光参数对淬火强化结果的影响，测量了缸套激光淬火处理后的硬度，观察和分析了硬化层的组织、形态，并通过磨损试验，得出了激光淬火硬化的微观解释，验证了激光淬火可显著提高柴油机缸套的使用寿命。

关键词：激光淬火，柴油机缸套，使用寿命，硼合金铸铁，耐磨性孟小伟：激光淬火对气缸套寿命的影响AbstractBased on the comprehensive analysis of d omestic and international laser processing technol ogy, the laser quenching machine cylind er of diesel engine .The principle is the use of a laser beam scanning the work piece with high energy density, so that the irradiated metal in order to speed up above the transition point and lower than the melting temperature, when the laser beam from the irradiated area, due to the role of heat conduction in the substrate, cold the rapid cooling and self quenching then, the phase transformation hardening work piece table.This paper analyses the technical parameters of laser quenching cylinder diesel engine in theory, puts forward the calculation method of reticulate pattern hardening laser quenching several forms of 16V240ZJ diesel engine cylinder liner hardened with pitch. To investigate the mechanism of laser hardening can improve the service life of diesel engine cylinder liner, analyzed the temperature of laser quenching technique. Experimental study of 16V240ZJ diesel engine cylinder sleeve (boron alloy cast iron) effect of laser parameters of laser hardening of the surface of the cylinder liner of hardening, laser quenching after measuring the hardness, the observation and analysis of the hardening layer of the microstructure, morphology, and the wear test, the microscopic interpretation of laser hardening, verification the laser quenching can significantly increase the service life of the diesel engine cylinder liner.Keywords: laser quenching, the service life of cylinder liner, diesel, boron alloy cast iron, wear resistance山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）目录前言 (1)1．机缸套表面激光淬火处理的工艺研究 (2)1．1淬火系统组成 (2)1．2柴油机缸套的表面预处理 (3)1．3激光淬火网纹 (4)2．光淬火温度场及提高柴油机缸套使用寿命的机理分析 (5)2．1激光淬火硬化工艺温度分析 (5)2．2激光淬火提高柴油机缸套使用寿命的机理 (6)结论 (12)致谢 (13)参考文献 (14)山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）前言随着人民生活水平的提高，人们对于汽车、火车、船舶等内燃机交通工具的性能和使用周期提出了更高的要求，这就要求内燃机的质量不断提高。

山东交通学院毕业论文

中华人民共和国教育部山东交通学院毕业论文论文题目︰路面检测技术的研究学生︰王波指导教师︰刘新翠高级讲师学院︰成人教育学院专业年级︰道路桥梁工程技术2016年6月20日关于路面无损检测技术的探讨摘要介绍了目前在路面使用性能无损检测上的最新技术及相关的研究,分析了我国在新型检测设备的应用和相关研究方面的现状与不足,深入探讨了道路工程中无损检测技术应用的局限性及发展前景。

关键词：无损检测主流技术工程应用Foundation engineering of large volume concreteconstruction and technical measuresAbstractWith the rapid development of our economy, our country's construction technology has also been a rapid development opportunities, especially in the aspect of concrete construction technology. The volume of concrete by several hundred cubic meters have been developed to tens of thousands of cubic meters. Therefore, for mass concrete construction technology and construction technology is also put forward higher requirements. In modern buildings often involve the mass concrete construction, such as high-rise building box foundation, been race car rafts, large equipment, water dam, etc., the main characteristic of the mass concrete is big volume, minimum size is greater than or equal to 1 m general entities. Due to their large size, surface area is small, the cement hydration heat release more concentrated, internal temperature rise faster, when concrete inside and outside temperature difference is bigger, make produce temperature crack of concrete structure safety and normal use, so how to choose the construction process, what technology measures, for mass concrete structure is very important.Keywords: large volume concrete construction craft of crack technical measures目录摘要Abstract1绪论 (1)2基础工程中大体积混凝土的特性 (1)2.1大体积混凝土的特点 (1)3基础工程中大体积混凝土的施工 (2)3.1大体积混凝土对原材料的要求 (2)3.2大体积混凝泥土配合比设计考虑原则 (4)3.3施工准备 (5)3.4施工工艺 (6)3.5大体积混凝土的养护 (8)3.6大体积混凝土的测温 (9)4基础工程中大体积混凝土裂缝产生的原因 (10)4.1内外温差 (10)4.2收缩作用 (10)5基础工程中大体积混凝土裂缝的影响因素 (11)5.1水泥水化热 (11)5.2外界气温变化的影响 (11)5.3混凝土结构的约束 (11)5.4混凝土的收缩变形 (11)6防止大体积混凝土裂缝的主要措施 (12)7结论 (13)参考文献附录致谢基础工程中大体积混凝土的施工及其技术措施1绪论对于大体积混凝土，我国目前尚无一个确切的定义。

李斌论文2

题目：物流系统的发展分析学生姓名：李斌函授站点：济南学号： 10303009 专业名称：交通运营与管理学习层次：大专学习形式：函授指导教师：张良智审核签字：二○一二年十一摘要物流活动的历史可谓源远流长。

在人类几百万年的历史长河中，物流活动与人类生活朝夕相伴、密切相关。

不过，与物流活动的漫长历史相比，“物流”这个概念却是在20世纪才姗姗来迟，而且，直到今天，人们也未能在“物流”的概念上达成共识。

好在这并末影响到物流自身的发展，物流学科也从无到有，得到不断完善。

如今，随着管理理念的不断演进，先进技术的层出不穷，物流活动的效率和效果已非昔日可比。

由于计算机技术和现代信息技术的高速发展，为发展物流提供了广阔的平台。

物流系统将以其现代化的管理手段、前瞻的发展理念 ,为顾客提供高水平、高附加值的服务 ,成为 2 1世纪运输业的中坚力量。

全球的物流系统已进入专业化、规模化、绿色化和市场化的独立扩展期 ,其产业发展日趋成熟。

物流系统技术是先进制造技术中的重要组成部分，从其广义内涵分析可以看出它已从以前简单的物料搬运发展到今天的集机械设计、计算机科学、管理学和自动化控制技术等于一身的综合技术。

结合国际物流系统技术与装备发展历程与最新趋势，分析未来几年中国物流系统的技术与装备发展趋势，把握时代脉搏，与时俱进，对物流系统的发展有更深刻的理解。

关键词：物流概述发展现状发展趋势发展方法1ABSTRACTLogistics activity of history has a long history. Millions of years in human history, logistics activity and human life are accompanied by, closely related. However, with the long history of the logistics activity, "the concept of logistics in late 20th century, but only until today, people also failed to the concept of" in "logistics agreed on. In the late and affect the development of logistics, logistics, and constantly improve. Nowadays, with the management philosophy of continuous evolution, advanced technology to emerge in endlessly, the efficiency of the logistics activity and the effects have been comparable.Because of the computer technology and the rapid development of modern information technology, the development of logistics to provide a broad platform. Logistics system, with its modern management, the foresight development concept, providing customers with high level and high value-added services, and become the backbone of the transportation industry 2 1 century. Global logistics system has entered the specialization, and the scale of marketization, greening and expand its independence, mature industry development. Logistics system technology is advanced manufacturing technology, the important component of the generalized connotation from the analysis can see it from the simple before material handling to today's collection of mechanical design, computer science, management and automation control technology is a comprehensive technology. Combined with the international logistics system technology and equipment with the latest trends and development of China's logistics system, the development trend of the technology and equipment, and grasp the pulse of The Times, to keep pace with The Times, the development of logistics systems have a more profound understanding.Key Word：Logistics Summary Development status Development trend Development method2目录引言···································································································································································第一章物流系统的概述1.1 物流系统的定义 (1)1.2物流系统的组成 (1)1.3 物流系统的特点 (1)1.4 物流系统的目的 (2)1.5 物流系统的要素 (2)1.6 物流系统的设计方法和步骤 (3)第二章物流系统技术研究现状及发展趋势2.1 多维仿真进入物流系统的设计与布局规划 (4)2.2 接货 (4)2.3 存储 (5)2.4处理和拣选 (6)2.5加工处理 (7)32.6 定单拣选 (7)2.7信息的作用 (8)2.8包装和发运 (8)第三章物流系统发展的措施3.1发展物流业与产业结构调整、优化相协调的政策 (10)3.2发展物流与工农业生产相协调的政策 (11)3.3物流基础设施建设与物流资源整合相协调的政策 (11)3.4促进我国城乡物流协调发展的政策 (12)3.5物流产业与信息产业、金融业协调发展的政策 (13)3.6我国物流标准与国际物流体系、标准相协调的政策 (13)第四章物流系统的解析4.1电子物流 (15)4.2物流企业的兼业与合作 (17)4.3第三方物流将快速发展 (17)第五章物流业的发展与金融支持5.1 金融支持对物流发展的意义 (18)45.2现代金融的发展对物流的保障作用 (18)参考文献 (19)（省略）……致谢 (20)（省略）……5引言物流活动涉及到我们经济和生活的各个方面,因此物流行业的组成也相当复杂。

山东交通学院成人本科行政管理毕业论文范文2

山东交通学院成人本科毕业论文论文题目：我国民营企业人力资源管理对策浅析作者姓名专业名称行政管理准考证号指导教师我国民营企业人力资源管理对策浅析摘要：进入知识经济时代后，人力资源已经成为企业最重要的竞争资源。

论文首先在简要介绍民营企业及人力资源管理的基础上阐明了人力资源管理对民营企业的重要性；然后通过案例分析一个武汉民营企业——A公司的人力资源管理现状及问题：难找人、难管人、难服人、难留人；进一步说明人力资源管理的宏观环境及现状，剖析民营企业在人力资源管理方面存在的普通问题：传统的人事观点、低水平的用人思想，不合理的用人机制、落后的人员招聘计划以及漠视人事法规政策、忽略对员工的教育和培训，对人力资本投资严重不足等问题；最后论述了要解决这一问题，首先要转变观点，树立以人为本的管理理念，并进一步建立“以人为中心”的人力资源管理体系，构建科学的人力资源管理体系，完善人力资源管理职能，优化人力资源配置，同时培养良好的企业文化，相互辅助相互促进，建立一个和谐的、“以人为本”的企业管理系统，且随着市场竞争和环境的变化，寻求管理创新，使人力资源管理与时俱进，永远保持人力资源管理高效性。

关键词：民营企业、人力资源管理、激励机制、企业文化、核心竞争力目录一、民营企业和人力资源管理相关概念 (2)(一）民营企业的范围界定及特点 (2)（二）人力资源管理的定义及其职能 (2)（三）民营企业加强人力资源管理的必要性 (3)二、民营企业人力资源管理的宏观环境和存在的问题 (5)（一）宏观环境对民营企业人力资源管理的影响 (5)1、民营企业人力资源案例分析——武汉A公司的人力资源困境 (5)（二）民营企业人力资源管理普遍存在的问题 (6)1、传统的人事观点，缺乏对人力资源管理正确地认识 (6)2、落后的人员招聘计划，缺乏对人力资源的科学的战略规划 (6)3、低水平的用人思想，不合理的用人机制 (6)4、忽略对员工的教育和培训，对人力资本投资严重不足 (7)5、激励约束机制不健全、手段单一 (7)6、漠视人事法规政策 (8)7、对人才重视不够，员工流失快 (8)8、人力资源部门设置不到位 (8)9、缺乏科学、规范的人力资源管理体系 (8)三、民营企业完善和加强人力资源管理工作的对策 (9)（一）转变观念，树立以人为本的管理理念 (9)（二）建立现代企业制度，提高民营企业人力资源管理水平 (9)（三）构建科学的人力资源管理体系，完善人力资源管理职能 (10)1、制定企业人力资源规划，优化人力资源配置。

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美国混凝土协会对大体积混凝土的规定为：“任何就地浇筑的大体积混凝土，其尺寸之大，必须要求采取措施解决水化热及随之引起的体积变形问题，以最大限度的减少开裂。

”日本建筑学会标准（JASS5）的定义是：“结构断面最小尺寸在80cm以上，同时水化热引起的混凝土内最高温度与外界气温之差预计超过25℃的混凝土称为大体积混凝土。

”从上述两国的定义可知：大体积混凝土不是由其绝对截面尺寸的大小决定的，而是由是否会产生水化热引起的温度收缩应力来定性的，但水化热的大小又与截面尺寸有关。

我国有的规定认为，当基础边长大于20m，厚度大于1m，体积大于400m³时，称为大体积混凝土。

一般认为当基础尺寸大到必须采取措施，妥善处理混凝土内部所产生的温差，合理解决混凝土体积变化所引起的应力，力图控制裂缝开展到最小程度。

这种混凝土才称得上大体积混凝土。

2基础工程中大体积混凝土的特性2.1大体积混凝土的特点2.1.1特点大体积混凝土最主要的特点是以大区段为单位进行浇筑施工，每个施工区段的体积比较厚大，由此带来的问题是，水泥水化热引起的结构内部温度升高，冷却时如果不采取一定的技术措施，很容易出现裂缝，怎样防止基础工程中大体积混凝土的裂缝，在基础工程中是一个很重要的问题。

为了防止裂缝的产生，必须采取切实可行的技术措施。

如使用水化热比较小的水泥，参加适量的粉煤灰，使用单位水泥用量少的配合比，控制一次浇筑的高度和浇筑的速度以及人工冷却控制温度等。

在大体积混凝土设计和施工过程中，从事设计与施工的技术人员应掌握混凝土的基本物理性能，了解大体积混凝土温度变化所引起的应力状态对结构的影响，认识混凝土材料一系列的特点，掌握温度应力的变化规律。

在结构设计上，为改善大体积混凝土的内外约束条件以及结构薄弱环节的补强，提出行之有效的措施，在施工技术上，从原材料选择、配合比设计、施工方法、施工季节的选定和测温、养护方面，采取一系列的综合性措施，有效的控制大体积混凝土裂缝；在施工组织上，编制确实可行的施工方案，制定合理周密的技术措施，采取全过程的温度检测，只有这样，才能防止产生温度裂缝，确保大体积1混凝土的质量。

2.1.2 温差关于大体积混凝土的内外温差控制指标，国内至今还没有一个明确统一的标准。

根据日本的施工经验，一般控制在25℃以内，也有的工程控制在30℃获得成功。

随着我国建筑业的飞速发展，根据近年来的工程实践证明：混凝土的温升和温差与表面系数有关，单面散热的结构断面最小厚度在75cm以上，双面散热的结构断面最小厚度在100cm以上，水化热引起的混凝土内外的最大温差预计超过25℃，应该按大体积混凝土施工。

在全国很多一、二线城市以及大部分三线城市中，大批的高层建筑和高耸构筑物相继被建造。

这些建筑物的基础都采用了大体积混凝土，通过这些工程的实践，促进了大体积混凝土的施工技术的发展。

对大体积混凝土工程的研究，取得了不小的成就，主要是：2.1.3 设计在设计上，为改善大体积混凝土的内外约束条件以及结构薄弱环节的补强，提出了行之有效的措施。

2.1.4 施工在施工技术上，从选材、配合比设计、施工方法、施工季节的选定和测温养护等，采取一些综合的措施，有效地克服了大体积混凝土的裂缝。

2.1.5 管理在施工组织管理上，为了解决大体积混凝土一次浇筑量大的问题，在精心组织、协调指挥下才用了集中搅拌、罐车运输，泵送混凝土等技术。

3基础工程中大体积混凝土的施工3.1大体积混凝土对原材料的要求3.1.1水泥水泥水化热是大体积混凝土的主要温度因素。

因此水泥应选用水化热低和凝结时间长的水泥。

当拌制高强度等级的混凝土，必须采用硅酸盐水泥或普通硅酸盐水泥时，应采取相应措施延缓水化热的释放。

为避免大体积混凝土开裂，要尽量降低水泥用量。

有条件的地方应积极掺用粉煤灰或矿粉以降低水化热。

a.在满足强度和耐久性等要求的前提下，宜选用低热或中热的矿渣水泥、火山灰水泥，严禁使用安定性不合格的水泥。

b.由于大体积混凝土工程量大，水泥用量多，水2泥供应难以做到按施工要求的品种标号一次性进场，因此要加强水泥进场的检验和试配工作。

3.1.2外加剂在大体积混凝土中，如果采用各种外加剂以减少水泥用量，从而降低混凝土的温升是一种有效地方法。

大体积混凝土中常用的外加剂品种功能如减水剂、高效减水剂、缓凝减水剂以及其他多种功能如减水、缓凝、引气等复合剂。

在大体积混凝土中之所以采用缓凝型减水剂，主要目的在于延缓水泥水化热速度，推迟热峰出现时间，降低最高温度峰值并减少总的发热量，以减少混凝土因温度而引起的裂缝。

同时，由于延缓混凝土的凝结时间，有利于浇筑和捣实大体积混凝土时不致形成施工冷接缝，有利于延长振动时间或扩大振动范围。

3.1.3集料一般选用结构致密，并且有足够的优良集料（特别是粗集料），具体应符合相关标准规定。

除此之外结合大体积混凝土的特点，还应注意以下几个问题：1.3.1有害杂质。

拌制混凝土的集料要求洁净而不含杂质，以保证混凝土的质量。

砂石属于天然材料，长混入一些有害物质如云母、粘土、淤泥等。

特别是一些有机杂质、硫化物及硫酸盐，它们对水泥有腐蚀作，会降低混凝土的强度。

若使用混有碱活性反应的集料浇筑成混凝土后，在潮湿的环境中，经过一段时间的消化膨胀，便会发生开裂和剥落现象，并导致混凝土结构物的破坏。

集料品种和粒径要求。

砂子按其平均粒径和细度模数分为粗砂、中砂、细砂和特等细砂。

在大体积混凝土中宜使用粗砂或中砂。

石子有碎石和卵石。

当配合比相同时，碎石混凝土强度较高，抗裂性较好。

当混凝土抗压强度相同时，坍落度也相同时，卵石混凝土的水泥用量较少。

对于抗裂性有特殊要求的工程，当无碎石时也可以将卵石人工压碎。

石子按其最大粒径分为粗中细三类。

当所用的石子最大粒径较大时，混凝土的密实性较好，并可以节约水泥；但为了便于捣实，石子的最大粒径不得超过结构截面最小尺寸的1/4,也不得大于钢筋最小净距的3/4。

含泥量的要求。

在大体积混凝土结构工程中把含泥量作为一个突出的问题提出来。

因为过多的含泥量不仅增加混凝土的收缩，又会降低混凝土的强度，而且对抗裂性特别有害。

为此。

在施工中应严格控制标准规定，砂中含泥量＜3%；石子＜1%。

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