实用翻译教程
英汉互译实用教程 (郭著章) 第二章 翻译过程及词义确定 本章内容
英汉互译实用教程（郭著章）第二章翻译过程及词义确定本章内容概述：翻译过程:1. 理解原文2. 译文表达3. 校核阶段翻译过程：理解原文⏹1. 理解语言现象a.词汇现象b.语法现象⏹2.理解逻辑关系⏹3.理解所涉及事物理解原文：理解语言现象译者必须上下有联系地理解原文的词汇含义、句法结构和惯用法等理解原文：理解语言现象a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义⏹Eg.1. Life is full of ups and downs.人生充满了欢乐与痛苦。
⏹He has seen the ups and downs in the history of ⏹the relations between the two countries.⏹他经历了两国关系史上的分分合合。
a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义Eg. 2. The wedding ,which Heyward still remembered with pride ,was attended by a who's who of Boston Society.赫华德仍然记得，参加婚礼的人中有波士顿的一位社会名流，这使他感到十分得意。
a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义Eg.3. There was no lady about him. He was what the woman would call a manly man. That was why they like him.他这人没有一点女人气。
他是女人们称之为男子汉的那种人。
这正是他们喜欢他的原因所在。
a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义4. My handwriting was so bad that after taking dictation, I couldn’t translate it.辨识、辨认a.词汇现象：根据词性确定词义Eg.5. On his way home he bought some apples at a fruit stand.摊位他回家时，在路上的水果摊上买了些苹果。
实用翻译教程--换形褒贬
• The boy is appreciated by all his teachers for his carefulness in his homework. • 这个男孩因功课做得仔细认真 仔细认真而受到所有 仔细认真 老师的赞赏。 • In fact, it is his meticulousness that is preventing him from making any progress in his research work. • 事实上，正是因为他的谨小慎微 谨小慎微，他的研 谨小慎微 究工作得不到任何进展。
• 他买了二十四本 二十四本杂志。 二十四本 • He has bought two dozen magazines.（？ He has bought twenty-four magazines.） • 他将离开两个星期 两个星期。 两个星期 • He is going away for a fortnight. （？He is going away for two weeks. • 在过去的十年里，中国发生了翻天覆地的 变化。 • Great changes have taken place in China in the last decade.(? In the last ten years.)
• 第一季度的工作尚未完成。 第一季度的工作尚未完成。 • The work of the first quarter of the year has not yet completed yet. (?The work of the first season…) • 五百年来，中国的喜剧有了很大的发展。 五百年来，中国的喜剧有了很大的发展。 • The past five centuries witnessed great development in Chinese drama.(? The past five hundred years …) • 有三十位学生参加了考试。 有三十位学生参加了考试。 • One and a half score of students took part in the examination (two and a half dozen students …；？ ；？Thirty students took part in ） ；？
实用翻译教程notes3
实用翻译教程noteslecture31.Reading exercises on’e eyes; speaking, ()one’s tongue; while writing, () one’s mind.阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。
2.By birth he was an Englishman; by profession, a sailor; by Instinct and training, a rebel.就出生说，他是英国人；就职业说，他是海员；就本性和教育说，他是叛逆者。
3. She was accepted not because of but in spite of her birth.她被接受，并非因为她的出身，而是不考虑她的出身4. You should practise speaking English both in and out of class.你既要在课内，又要在课外练习讲英语。
\5 He needs assistants in his research work, but he hasn’t yet got a competent one. （避免重复的方法？）\她做研究工作需要几个助手，可至今他还没有找到一个能够胜任的助手。
6. Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free. 你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。
7. Whover violated the discipline should be punished.谁违反了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。
8. You should help him since you have promised to do so.你答应了要帮他就应该帮他。
9. Men perish, but man shall endure; lives die but the life is not dead. 人人都会死亡，但人类永存；寿命会终结，但生命永恒。
实用英汉翻译教程答案
实用英汉翻译教程答案【篇一：大学英语实用翻译教程练习答案】s=txt>第二章第一节练习一：p10一、1．保护人类基因健康是个比较严峻的问题，但这不过是问题的一个方面而已。
2．这些是科学家和技术专家研制的机器和产品。
3．科学已成为力量的一种源泉，不只是适宜于幻想的题材了。
4．建造和装饰宫殿、教堂和寺院的款项都由经商的富户承担支付。
5．查理一世和下议院的争吵已到了紧要关头，后来内战爆发，并在白厅把斯图尔特王朝的君主送上了断头台。
6．在开辟第二战场之前，美国步兵精神饱满，营养充足，还没有在战斗中受过创伤。
练习二：p16一、1．已经拟就一张至今已教过的所有动词的表。
2．每天从全国各地传来各行各业取得伟大成就的消息。
3．城乡之间的差别依然存在。
4．那一年，建立了旨在促进研究和试验的英国航空学会。
5．这里出版的报纸谴责侵略者屠杀大批无辜人民。
6．凡是成功的科学家常常把注意力集中在他发现尚未得到满意解答的问题上。
练习三：p191．所有植物组织和动物组织主要由碳化合物、水和少量的矿物质组成。
2．他们并不认为有必要提供学生经常使用的名词化规则和构造使役句的规则。
3．各种族集团的文化特性、民间传说、神话和信仰都是根据文化进化规律起源于每一个集团的内部。
4．个别国家的科学努力可能将由跨国机构来进行统一和协调。
5．解放前，这个城市的垃圾和苍蝇一向无人过问，结果经常发生地方性病疫。
6．他是美国印第安人作家、演讲家和争取印第安人权利运动的活动家。
第二章第二节练习一：p26一、1．我原先以为这部机器不过是一种没有什么价值的玩具。
2．第二天一早，饱饱地吃了一顿早餐之后，他们便动身了。
3．你愿意别人如何待你，你就应该如何待别人。
4．这部打印机真是物美价廉。
5．我七岁时就会织毛衣。
6．钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈。
二、1．he who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.2．before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.3．the ear is the organ which is used for hearing. the nose is used for smelling. and the tongue is used for tasting.4. modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.5．as it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night.6．internet is so convenient that we can find any information with the click of the mouse.练习二：p30一、1．勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
实用翻译教程(2)
• • • •
• • • •
Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。 （并列分句） I found the house suddenly, and stood there with my heart beating fast and tears coming to my eyes. （并列分句） 我突然找到那所房子。 我站在那里，心剧 烈地跳着，泪水也涌上眼睛。 We cannot see it clearly for the fog． 由于有雾，我们看不清它。 （译成原因分句）
• 男人们很聪明，他们不会上时装设计师的当。
• 4 . Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. • 能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一 条公认的规律。 （名词短语） • 5 . The night was chilly—it was early November． A light drizzle added to my discomfort ． • 夜里冷风飕飕，那是 十一月初，天下起 了毛毛细雨，令我倍加难受。
• 她可以谅解地为自己高超的烹调技艺感到自豪。 • 她自夸她高超的烹调技艺，这是情有可原的。
• 2. The ancients tried unsuccessfully to explain how a rainbow is formed.
• 古人曾试图说明彩虹是怎样产生的，但没 有成功。
• 3. Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy of “selfreliance.”
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向 )第六章 商贸翻译
由于国际贸易双方具有非常明确的目的，在其签订合同或起草来往的函电中 往往使用缩略词来简化术语表达。这些缩略语是双方都了解的国际通用的表 达术语，既节省了双方的时间，又能准确表达其目的，所以在实际运用中是 非常流行的，也被贸易双方所接受，这也是学生需要重点学习的。如：
OPEC (The organization of petroleum Exporting Country)石油输出组织。
专业术语：汇付remit 信汇mail transfer 订金down payment 跟单托收documentary collection 缩写词：提单 B/L ( Bill of Landing) 装箱单 P/L (Packing List) 商船 M.V. (Merchant Vessel)
特定含义：他经常向有困难的人主动提供帮助。 He always offers his help to those who meet difficulties.
目的港船上交货（Delivered EX Ship，DES） 未完税交货（Delivered Duty Unpaid，DDU）
目的港码头交货（Delivered EX Quay，DEQ） 完税后交货（Delivered Duty Paid，DDP）
象征性交货( Symbolic Delivery )
良好平均品质（Fair Average Quality, FAQ）
对等样品；回样（Counter Sample） 拼箱货（ Less than Container Load, LCL ）
国际多式联运（International Multimodal Transport 或 International Combined Transport， 美国也
实用文体翻译教程(英汉双向)第五章 科技文本的翻译
Recent developments in the utilization of salinity power by reverse electrodialysis and other methods are discussed.
译文: 本文讨论采用逆电渗法和别的方法来利用盐动力的最新进展。 分析： 此句中，名词化结构the utilization of salinity power by reverse electrodialysis and other methods已从具体的行 为过程中抽象出来，形成一个复杂的整体概念，与介词in构 成短语，来修饰developments。如果把它还原为句子的形 式，即“Salinity power is utilized by reverse electrodialysis and other methods.”那么专用科技文体中 的整体概念和抽象性就不复存在了。
因而每个气缸都用一个水套围着，水套形成循环回路的一部 分，由水泵驱使水在回路中不停地流动，并用由外部鼓进的 空气来使水冷却。鼓风用的大型旋转凤扇是由主曲轴带动的， 而在大型电传动内燃机车上，则由辅助电机带动。
4. 大量采用省略结构 对科技英语来说，明确和简练是最基本的要求，为
此就要尽最大可能把句子压缩得短一些，尽量杜绝不必 要的重复，在不影响准确、清晰地表达技术内容的前提 下，能省略的词语尽量省去。因此，大量采用省略句结 构就成为科技英语的另一个突出特点。常见的省略结构 有如下几种：
译文： 经常出现的一种错误是：放置待加工工件时，没有将它与加 工所用的夹具的壁面或侧面之间留出足够的间隙。 分析： 此例中多处使用了后置定语，如过去分词短语quite frequently made、used for it;不定式短语to be machined 以及介词短语between the piece…and walls or sides of the jig…等。
实用翻译教程课后习题标准标准答案(详细)
实用翻译教程，刘季春，中山大学出版社翻译练习答案(仅供参考)P451 .The stereo radio is now a standard feature.立体收音功能现在已经是一种标准功能了.2.If water is cold eno ugh,it cha nges to ice.水温降到一定程度就会结成冰.3.There is clue to the identity of the murderer.没有确定窃贼身分地线索.4.Lower temperatures are associated with lower growth rate.5E2RGbCAP温度一降低，生长速度就会慢下来.5.We had barely dropped off to sleep whe n the doorbell bega n to rin g.EanqFDPw 我们刚睡着地时候门铃就响了.6.Mankind has always revere need what Tennyson called "the useful trouble of the rai n".DXDiTa9E3d人类一直以来对Tennyson称为“雨带来地有用地麻烦”怀有敬畏.7.The new rates will apply from 1st January next year, until then the old rates below hold good. RTCrpUDGiT新利率将从明年1月1号开始施行，在此之前以下地旧利率控制良好.age is the only test . I would prefer a phrase that was easy and un affected to a ph rasethat was grammatical. ( W.Somerset.Maugham:Lucidity,Simplicity,Euph on y5PC zVD7HxA语法只是考试用地.比起完全符合语法地词语我更喜欢那些简单而自然地词语.(W.Somerset.Maugham:Lucidity,Simplicity,Euph ony) j LBHrnAiLg9.The determ in ati on of what eleme nt or eleme nts are prese nt in a substa nce is called qualitative an alysis. xHAQX74J0X定性分析是指通过确定物质地构成元素或元素在物质中地呈现方式来确定该物质.10.The Iandscape constantly changes with rolling , densely wooded hills sweeping gl oriously down spectacular green valleys to rich agricultural plains where life continue s as it has done for cen turies L DAYtR y KfE景色随着山峦地起伏而不断变换着，覆盖着浓密森林地山丘一直延伸到肥沃地农业平原，在那里生活如其千百年来地样子延续着.Zzz6ZB2LtkP1021.银行拒绝给该公司提供新地贷款The bank refuses to provide loa n aga in to this company zfvkwMii2.—有新货，我们即与贵方联系We will con tact you as soon as new goods arrive3•随函附上装船单据副本，请查收Attached is the copy of shipp ing docume nts, please check yn14ZNXI4我们相信，你方定会见票即付We believe you will certa inly draw at sight5.请将信用证修改为“在广州议付”Please revise the L/C to negotiate in Gua ngzhod EmxvxOtOco6.如果一方未能执行合同，另一方有权中止本合同If one party fails to con duct the con tract, the other party has the right to termi nate the con tract SixE2yXPq57■很遗憾，我们不能接受你方报盘，你方价格太高，不敢问津I am sorry we cannot accept your offer, your price is too high,we cannot reachit.6ewMyirQFL8•为促成交易，我们认为你们至少得让5%才行For facilitating the deal, we do think you should make at least 5% discoun kavU42VRUs9.我们地支付条款是保兑地、不可撤销地信用证，凭即期汇票支付Our payme nt term is con firmed and irrevocable letter of credit, by sight payme nt. (drawing at sight)y6v3ALoS8910•随函寄上第4567号购物确认书一式两份，请尽快签退一份，以备我方存查We are enclosing order 4567 sales confirmation in duplicate, of which please return one copy to us duly coun tersig ned for our record^2ub6vSTnP1.Between two high cliffs runs a swift stream. 急流飞泻于悬崖之间•2.We shall regard as a pers onal favor any help yOull give Mr. Chadwick. oYujCfmucw任何你将你给予Mr. Chadwick地帮助我们会把它当做人情.3.Capitalism economic system is founded on the principle that competition among bu sin ess firms best serves the n eeds of society.t s8ZQVRd资本主义经济制度建立在企业之间地竞争最好地服务于社会地需求地原则上4.They spoke in smothered whispers, as though the night were listening.(Edith Whara ton : Etha n Frome ) sQsAEJkW5T他们说话地声音低得不能再低，好像怕黑夜也在偷听.5.Like every comma nder , Father expected in sta nt obedie nee , and he wished to dealwith trai ned troops.(Clare nee Day : Life with Father)像每个指挥官一样，父亲期望地是快速地服从，而且他渴望着指挥受过训练地军队.GMslasNXkA6.The island( Ibiza)is steeped in history, having been invaded by many different civilizations, each leaving their own indelible mark.TirRGchYzg伊比沙岛充满历史气息，曾经被许多不同文明入侵，并留下了它们不可磨灭地印记.7.|f you are looking for an oasis from the hustle and bustle of New York,look no further. This deluxe hotel offers impeccable service with the quiet efficiency an Emperor would expect/EqzcWLZNx 如果你想在喧闹繁华地纽约找一处舒适地地方，那么不必找了.这个高级酒店能为您提供皇帝都想要地快捷周到地服务」zq7IGfO2E8.He (Gorge Moore) learned to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty Ian guor and it delighted him so much that he could n ever have eno ugh of it.(W.SomersetMaugham:Lucidity,Simplicity, Eupho ny )zvpgeqjihk乔治.摩尔学着写一些听起来朦胧柔情地句子，乐此不疲9.Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors has acquired it. They wan der in to the church and look around aimlessly.(Na ncy Mitford:The Water Beetle)Nrpojac3vi 欣赏拜占庭艺术需要一种后天获得地品味，恐怕不到十分之一地游客能拥有它.大多数人漫步在教堂，只是漫无目地地四处张望.1nowfTG4KI10.Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind;it is not a matter of rosy cheeks,red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.(Samuel Ullman :Youth )fjnFLDa5Zo青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面，丹唇，柔膝，而是深沉地意志，恢宏地想象，炽热地感情；青春是生命地源泉在不息地涌流.tfnNhnE6e5P128试将下列英语句子译成汉语，注意词量地增减1.If once virtue is lost,all is lost丧失了道德，便丧失了一切2.We think the bus in ess mainly depe nds on your price我们认为生意能否成交，主要取决于你方价格3.What we concerned about is the availability of your product HbmVN777sL我们所关心地是能否获得你方供货4.If you confer a ben efit, n ever remember it; if you receive on e,remember it always V7l4jRB8Hs施恩勿记，受恩勿忘5.My work, my family, my friends were more tha n eno ugh to fill my time83ICPA59W9工作啦，家务啦，朋友啦，这些就够我忙地了6.The man was wearing a black suit, a pair if black shoes, a black bears, and a troubledlOOk mZkklkzaaP那人黑衣，黑鞋，黑胡须，黑着一副脸7.Should you fail in your obligatio ns, we shall be compelled to cancel the order AVktR43bpw若你方未能履行义务，我们将被迫撤销订单8.We leave it to you to suggest a soluti on as we have full con fide nee in your fair ness ORjBnOwcEd我们完全信任你方办事公正，故特请你方提出解决方案9.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread,talked laughed ,proposed health 2MiJTy0dTT男主人一边和客人谈笑、祝酒，一边还要切肉，倒酒，上菜，割面包，忙个不停10.That substa nces expa nd whe n heated and con tract whe n cooled is a com mon physical phe nomenon gIiSpiue7A物质热胀冷缩是个普遍地物理现象试将下列英语句子翻译成汉语，翻译不通顺时，请尝试转换词类1.The wrong power-line connection will damage the motor uEhouiYfmh 电源线接错了，就会损坏发动机2.Ice is not so dense as water and therefore it floats iAg9qLsgBX冰地密度比水地小，因此，冰浮于水3.Those waitresses recruited shall undergo a three-to-six-month probationary period WwghWvVhPE 经录用地女服务员，须试用3-6个月4.Aiming at the promotion of bilateral trade, SINOCHEM and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. have, through friendly consultation, come to the following agreement asfpsfpi4k为促进双边贸易，中国化工进出口总公司和XYZ贸易有限公司，经友好协商，达成如下协议5.With the purchase of two Boeing-747s, the country ' volume of trade with the United States has reached an all time height ooeyYZTjj1由于购买了2架波音747飞机，该国与美国地贸易额达到了前所未有地高水平6.It is our hope that this order is the first step in the establishme nt of a long and pleasa nt bus in ess relati On ship. BkeGuInkxI我们希望这次订货是建立长期、愉快业务关系地第一步7.Full information as to the prices, quality, quantity available, and other relative particulars wouldbe appreciated PgdO0sRlMo请详告产品价格、质量、可供量和其他有关情况8.Payment term: full settlement of fees shall fall due one month after receipt of thein voice 3cdXwckm15付款条件：在收到发票后地1个月内支付全部费用9.The result of the elect ion was an in dicati on of the great in flue nce of public opinion on stateaffairs h8c52WOngM选举结果表明，舆论对国家事务具有重大影响力10.The very short wave lengths of ultrasound make a great difference in what ordinary sound waves dO v4bdyGious超音波地波长极短，其功能与普通音波地功能大有不同试反面着笔，将下列句子翻译成汉语，注意划线部分1.Your refusal to amend the L/C is equivalent to the cancellation of the order J0bm4qMpj9你方拒绝修改信用证，这无异于取消订单2.Don 'tope n the door till the bus stops车位停稳，请勿开门3.I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man xvauA9grYP我读过你地文章，没想到你这样年轻4.In the absenee of a settlement through negation, the case under dispute can be submitted to arbitrati on bR9C6TJscw如谈判未能解决，争执之事可提交仲裁5.As soon as you get the lice nse, please don 'fail to cable us pN9LBDdtrd一旦你方获得许可证，请务必来电6.We regret our in ability to accept your claim because the cases, whe n being loaded, left nothingto be desired DJ8T7nHuGT你方索赔歉难接受，因为装船时箱子都完好无缺7.Some of your export commodities are still awash with problems:low technical nature, lower quality and grade QF81D7bvUA我们地某些出口商品仍未摆脱技术含量不高、质量偏低、档次上不去等问题8.People having some experienee in the world of work believe it to be false 4B7a9QFw9h稍有工作经验地人都不会相信那是真地9.Whether we like it or not, all of our fortuned are tied together. We are trulyin terdepe nde nt.(Kartor: A Global Econo my) ix6iFA8xoX不管我们喜欢与否，我们所有人地命运都是相连地.我们真地谁也离不开谁10.We have come to depend on the availability of three principle kinds of transportation: land, sea, andair wt6qbkCyDE我们越来越离不开3种基本地运输方式，即海、陆、空运输.试综合运用各种翻译技巧，将下列句子翻译成汉语，特别注意划线部分地处理1.Permission to reproduce articles, either in full or in part must be obtained from the editor Kp5zH46zRk无论是复制整篇还是部分文章，都必须取得作者地许可2.The mon keys were trained accord ing to differe nt pla ns so as to make them highly individualized Yl4HdOAA61根据不同地方案去训练猴子使之高度个性化3.No young man believes he shall ever die. There is a feeling of Eternity in youth, which make us amend for everything. ch4PJx4Bii没有年轻人觉得自己会死去，年轻时都有一种永恒地感觉，这使我们能改变一切4.Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch qd3YfhxCzo很明显他具备一个钓鱼者地优秀品质，即不以钓到地鱼多少来衡量钓鱼地乐趣5.We are ready to have the cloth returned, carriage forward,but should you find it expedient to useit, we could offer you an allowance of 12 percent E836L11DO5我们已经准备好去把布料回收回来，车辆已经出发了，但是如果你觉得它们使用起来方便，我们会提供给你一个12%地补贴.6.Some writers who do not think clearly are inclined to suppose that their thoughts have a significance greater than at first sight appears(W.Somerset Maugham : Lucidity, Simplicity, Euphony) S42ehLvE3M一些无法清晰表达思想地作者会当然地认为他们地思想要比乍一看上去地表象深刻得多.7.Nor do i teach because i think i know an swers, or because i have kno wledge i feel compelled to share. Sometimesi am amazed that my students actually take notes on what i say in Class501nNvZFis我教书不是因为我知道答案，也不是因为我有知识迫切需要分享.有时我会吃惊地发现学生把我在课堂上说地话也记下来了jW1viftGw98.Somehow our path took us toward the park, across the footbridge high above the rolling waters of the Los Angeles River.(Nancy J Rigg: A Valentine to One Who Cared Too Much) xSODOYWHLP 不知不觉地我们沿着小径一路走着，穿过了步行桥，桥下是湍急地河水9.Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterize all the In dustrial Revolutio n.(J. Bron owski: The Asce nt of Man) LOZMkIqI0w在修建英国运河网地过程中，有两点是非常突出地，这两点是整个工业革命地特点10.lt (Fowler' Dictionary of Modern English Usage)is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well can not learn much from it.(W.Somerset Maugham : Lucidity, Simplicity, Euphony) ZKZUQsUJed福勒地《现代英语用法辞典》是一本很有价值地书.我认为，任何人，无论文章写得多好，也会从中得到许多益处.dGY2mcoKtT11.I honestly didn 'tcare (whether i could go to college). I wished she would just forget the whole thing.(Gerald Moore: The Day Mother Cried ) rCYbSWRLIA说实话，我不在乎能否上大学，只希望她完全忘了这件事12.1 remember my childhood n ames for grasses and secret flowers. I remember where a toad may live and what time the birds awaken in the summer----and what trees and seasons smelled like---how people looked and walked and smelled even. The memory of odors is very rich.(John Stei nbeck: East of Ede n) FyXjoFiMWh我记得儿时给各种小草和隐蔽地小花取地名字，我记得蟾蜍可能栖息在哪儿，夏天鸟儿什么时候醒来，以及树木在四季散发地味道，我甚至记得人们地表情，走姿以及身上地味道.记忆中地味道是那么地丰富.TuWrUpPObXP1791.请告贵公司贸易条款2.承蒙大力推销我方拖鞋，不胜感激！3.请将些列货品尽快寄至上述地址，谢谢4.兹通知，标题货物已于昨日有“和平”轮装出5.现随寄我方销售合同第HN38号一式两份，请查收6.请托运人特别注意本提单内与该货保险效力有关地免责事项和条款7.现另邮我方最新产品目录及价目单.希望价格和质量均适合你方需要8.承蒙建议做我方代理，但因我们之间尚不十分熟悉，不如待日后做开交易，在谈此事为宜9.贵公司2005年8月31日地传真函敬悉.感谢你们合作地诚意，我厂将以积极地态度早日促成合作地到来10.兹附上我方第5368号形式发票一式两份；计500辆“永久”牌自行车，1993年10月交货.务请注意，该形式发票有效期至1993年9月1日止.7qWAq9jPqE1.While we appreciate what you stated in your letter of Dec.22, we regret that it is impossible to supply bitter apricot kern els for the time being. iiviWTNQFk感谢贵方12月22日来函，但遗憾地是，我们目前暂不能提供苦杏仁.2.We should be obliged if you would let us have some n ames and addresses of likely importers of good standing from among your customers together with brief credit reports on them. yhUQsDgR" 如蒙告知贵行客户中可靠地进口商号及地址，并附其资信报告，我们将不胜感激3.We have received your letter of 2 nd March,with a price-list of your products enclosedtherei n.MduzYnKS8i3月2日来函及所附贵厂产品价目单均获悉.4.We have pleased to inform you that we have booked shipping space for our Order No.4256 of chemical fertilizer on S.S Peacd' with ETA the 15th May. 09T7t6eTno兹通知，我方4265号化肥订单舱位订妥，由“和平”号装运，该轮预计5月15日抵达.5.The smallest order we can fill for the goods is 1000 yards.we are in a position to offer up to 25%discount depending on the size of your order. e5TfZQIU B5该货起订量为1000码，根据订单大小，我们看提供高达25%地折扣.6.Enclosed are our latest catalogs and price-list. Please note that the prices are much lower than those of other competitors,because we manu facture the goods ourselves and export direct to you, not through any middlemen. s1SovAcVQM 随函附寄最新目录和价目单.请注意，我方货物系自己生产，且不通过任何中间商直接出口，故价格比其他竞争者均优惠.GXRw1kFW5s7.Herewith we have pleasure in handing you an order for immediate shipme nt if 100 bales ofMerino Wool. UT R Ex49Xj9兹寄上本公司订单，请立即发运100包“美利奴”羊毛.8.Claims , if any, must be made with in 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the dest in ati on,after which no claims will be entertained. 8PQN3NDYyP万一发生索赔，必须于货到目地地30天内提出，过期不予受理.9.Thank you very much for your letter of June 5 with samples and price-list. We have made our choice and take pleasure in enclosing our Order No.368. mLPVzx7ZNw6月5日函、样品盒价目单均收到，谢谢.我们业已选妥，并随附368号订单.10.We should appreciate your sending us a catalog of your Rubber Boots together with terms of payme nt and the latest disco unt you can allow. AHP35hB02d请寄橡胶鞋目录一份，并注明付款条件及最大折扣版权申明本文部分内容，包括文字、图片、以及设计等在网上搜集整理. 版权为个人所有This article includes someparts, including text, pictures,and desig n. Copyright is pers onal own ership. NDOcB141gT 用户可将本文地内容或服务用于个人学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律地规定，不得侵犯本网站及相关权利人地合法权利.除此以外，将本文任何内容或服务用于其他用途时，须征得本人及相关权利人地书面许可，并支付报酬.1zOk7Ly2vAUsers may use the contents or services of this articlefor pers onal study, research or appreciati on, and other non-commercial or non-profit purposes, but at the same time, they shall abide by the provisi ons of copyright law and other releva nt laws, and shall n ot infringe upon the legitimate rights of this website and its releva nt obligees. In additi on, whenany content or service of this article is used for other purposes, writte n permissi on and remun erati on shall be obta ined from the pers on concerned and the releva nt obligee. fuNsDv23Kh转载或引用本文内容必须是以新闻性或资料性公共免费信息为使用目地地合理、善意引用，不得对本文内容原意进行曲解、修改，并自负版权等法律责任• tqMB9ew4YXReproducti on or quotatio n of the content of this articlemust be reas on able and good-faith citati on for the use of n ews or in formative public free in formatio n. It shall notmisinterpret or modify the original intention of the contentof this article, and shall bear legal liability such as copyright. HmMJFY05dE。
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向)第二章 语言、文化与翻译
三、英汉句子对比
1、主谓句与主题句
英语是主语显著（subjectprominent）的语言，英语句子中， 主谓结构必不可少，地位突出， 成为英语句子中的普遍形式。表 达复杂思想时，往往开门见山， 然后借助英语特有词汇关系代词 进行空间搭架，把各个子句有机 地结合起来，构成一串葡萄似的 句子。
相反，汉语是主题显著（topicprominent）的语言，汉语句子可 由几个短句组成，它们之间只有 意义上的联系，无需形式上的粘 连。
……不要有了新亲．把旧亲忘个 干净！这种没良心的人我见得多 了。
…Once you have new relatives, don't forget the old ones．I have
seen too many such ungrateful people．
2、 英语句子中，名词介词占优势， 而汉语中则是动词占优势
3、英汉句子重心比较
在复合句子中，英语的主句为主 要部分，一般放在句首，即重心 在前。而汉语则一般按照逻辑和 时间顺序，将主要部分放在句尾， 形成后重心。
另外，由于英语句子结构紧凑， 往往句子重心单一，焦点集中， 而汉语句子则焦点分散
第三节 中西文化的差异
语言是文化的重要组成部分，也 是文化赖以传播的物质表达形式。 语言和文化共生、共存，是文化 本质的部分反映。语言和文化密 不可分，文化的差异可以通过语 言反映出来，为我们提供对比研 究的具体依据。
由于英语句子中主要采用主谓结构， 谓语动词是句子的核心，谓语动词又 受形态变化的约束，这样表达时就要 借用大量名词，而名词与名词之间要 靠介词来连接，因而英语中名词与介 词占优势。
在汉语中，由于动词没有什么形态变 化，使用方便，而且注重动态描写， 所以汉语动词使用频繁。在表达复杂 思想时，往往借助动词，按时间顺序、 逻辑顺序，层层铺开，句子结构有如 竹节一般。并且有很多特殊的复合句， 由整句与零句混合交错，组成了流水 句。
大学英语实用翻译教程Unit 3(1) 直译与意译
根据《圣经》故事《马太福音》（20: 2-16，Matthew）： 葡萄园主招人到园里工作，议定一天一钱银子。他清早雇用了一 批工人，11 小时之后，快收工时，他又雇用了一批。收工时，迟来的 和早来的一样，都获得一钱银子工资。早来晚来，报酬都一个样，何 必早来呢？真是“来得早不如来得巧”，不如在关键、最后决定时刻 来。自从有了这个故事以后，人们便大量使用 at the eleventh hour 这 个成语，含义也固定下来，成为“最后（关键、危急）时刻”。
Liberal Translation 意译
在汉译英时，也可采用类似的方法来表达不为西方读者 所熟悉的意向或含义。 1）两岸同胞要加强交往，促进经济文化交流，继续拓展 领域、提高层次，推动直接“三通”。 The compatriots on both sides of the Straits need to increase contacts, promote economic and cultural exchanges in more areas and at higher levels and push for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade. 2) 我过去受的那些委屈和刺激，比起他来，简直就是小 巫见大巫，算不了什么。 What little pain and adversity I’ve experienced so far are simply nothing compared to what he' s gone through.
3.1.2 意译（Liberal Translation ）
《大学英语实用翻译教程》课后习题答案(完整版)
《大学英语实用翻译教程》参考答案第二章第一节练习一：一、1．保护人类基因健康是个比较严峻的问题，但这不过是问题的一个方面而已。
2．这些是科学家和技术专家研制的机器和产品。
3．科学已成为力量的一种源泉，不只是适宜于幻想的题材了。
4．建造和装饰宫殿、教堂和寺院的款项都由经商的富户承担支付。
5．查理一世和下议院的争吵已到了紧要关头，后来内战爆发，并在白厅把斯图尔特王朝的君主送上了断头台。
6．在开辟第二战场之前，美国步兵精神饱满，营养充足，还没有在战斗中受过创伤。
练习二：一、1．已经拟就一张至今已教过的所有动词的表。
2．每天从全国各地传来各行各业取得伟大成就的消息。
3．城乡之间的差别依然存在。
4．那一年，建立了旨在促进研究和试验的英国航空学会。
5．这里出版的报纸谴责侵略者屠杀大批无辜人民。
6．凡是成功的科学家常常把注意力集中在他发现尚未得到满意解答的问题上。
练习三：1．所有植物组织和动物组织主要由碳化合物、水和少量的矿物质组成。
2．他们并不认为有必要提供学生经常使用的名词化规则和构造使役句的规则。
3．各种族集团的文化特性、民间传说、神话和信仰都是根据文化进化规律起源于每一个集团的内部。
4．个别国家的科学努力可能将由跨国机构来进行统一和协调。
5．解放前，这个城市的垃圾和苍蝇一向无人过问，结果经常发生地方性病疫。
6．他是美国印第安人作家、演讲家和争取印第安人权利运动的活动家。
第二章第二节练习一：一、1．我原先以为这部机器不过是一种没有什么价值的玩具。
2．第二天一早，饱饱地吃了一顿早餐之后，他们便动身了。
3．你愿意别人如何待你，你就应该如何待别人。
4．这部打印机真是物美价廉。
5．我七岁时就会织毛衣。
6．钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈。
二、1．He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.2．Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.3．The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. And the tongue is used for tasting.4. Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.5．As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night.6．Internet is so convenient that we can find any information with the click of the mouse.练习二：一、1．勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
实用翻译教程-合词译法
/arrogant 以怨报德，恩将仇报 return kindness with
ingratitude 低三下四, 奴颜卑膝 humble oneself 宽宏大量，既往不咎 forgive and forget
无论是英译汉，还是汉译英，我们都必须注意到原文 中用同义词时所产生的强调成分。如dead and gone 译成“的确死了”， “forgive and forget”译成 “非常宽容”， “wise and clever”和“silly and foolish”分别译成“非常聪明”和“很笨”， “shook and trembled”译成“不停地抖”， "culture and learning"译成“很有学问” "aches and pains"译成“百般疼痛”……
They have not done so well ideologically as organizationally.
他们的思想工作没有组织工作做得好。 It was officially announced that he would attend the
meeting. 官方宣布他将出席会议。 It was found scientifically that water is composed of
1. She opened the window to let fresh air in. 2. 她打开窗户让新鲜空气进来。 3. Sorry I wasn’t in when you rang me up. 4. 很抱歉，你打电话来的时候我不在。 5. 转换成名词 6. 动词转化为名词 7. Politeness has always characterized their relationship. 8. 他们之间的关系，一直有一个特点，就是以礼相待。
实用翻译教程ppt课件
is it to make social problems evaporate. • 直译：砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。 • 意译：砸镜子并不能解决实际问题。 I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my
美国 奈达 Eugene Nida: 读者反应论 忠实原文；易于理解；形式恰当；吸引读者 使
译文读者在读译文时，和原文读者在读原文时有 着大体相同的感受 natural / close; dynamic / functional equivalence
苏联 费道罗夫：等值论 与原文作用相符（表达方面的等值）
2.1.1 理解专业知识和文化背景知识 课堂练习 课后作业
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
第一章： 引论
1.1 翻译的概念及其重要性 1.2 翻译的基本标准 1.3 译者的基本素质
钱钟书：化境说 sublimed adaptation 文学翻译的最高标准是‘化’。所谓“化境”，
就是原作向译文的“投胎转世”，文字形式虽然换 了，而原文的思想、感情、风格、神韵都原原本本 地化到了译文的境界里了，丝毫不留下翻译的痕迹， 让读者读译作就完全像在读原作一样。
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向)第四章 词语翻译技巧
二、 汉译英
1、动词转为名词 这本书反映了20世纪90年代的中国社会状况。
The book is a reflection of the Chinese society of the 1990s. 据我们了解，贵公司经营中国产品已有多年 历史。
We learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products for many years. 我公司决定按照来函说明的条款，试订下列 货物。
（2）省略物主代词
We are doing our physical experiments. 我们正在做物理实验。
Plants obtain their energy from sunlight.
植物是从太阳那里获得能量的。
The diameter and the length of the wire are not the only factors to influence its resistance. 导线的直径和长度不是影响电阻的仅 有因素。
3、省略连词
When short waves are sent out and meet an obstacle, they are reflected. 短波发送出去，遇到障碍就反射回来。
Go and see if they are still in the laboratory. 请去看看他们是否还在实验室里。
第四章
词语翻译技巧
第一节 词类的转换
英语属印欧语系，汉语属汉藏语系。 英汉两种语言在词汇和语法结构方面 有许多不同，因此，在多数情况下英 汉互译的时候很难将两种语言的词汇 或结构一一对应。为了使译文符合译 出语的习惯，翻译时不必拘泥于原文 的表层结构，可以在忠实原文意义的 前提下，将原文中某些词的词类或成 分转换为译出语的其他词类或成分。
实用翻译教程(A Practical Coursebook on Translation)
• 国外 • 英 国 翻 译 理 论 家 泰 特 勒 ， Alexander Fraser Tytler 在 《 论 翻 译 的 原 则 》 ， Essay on the Principles of Translation一书中提出了三条翻译 原则. （见教材P5） • 美国著名翻译理论家奈达，Eugene A. Nida， 关于翻译标准的论述被概括为“忠实原文、易于 理解、形式恰当、吸引读者”。
• 1.3.2 理解阶段：翻译的理解是以忠实地表达为目标的， 因此， 它要求对原作的理解尽可能全面、细致和深入；“不求甚解”的 情况在翻译理解中是不允许的。 • 理解主要是通过原文的上下文来进行，因为： • “No context, no text.‖ • 上下文/语境(context)指词语、句子、段落等与其所处的整个篇 章或整部作品的其它部分的关系。上下文分析在翻译的理解阶段 具有十分重要的意义。 • 文章中大大小小的语言单位之间，处在特定的语义环境中，一般 都存在着相互关联、交织、修饰、限定的关系，即上下文关系。 英国著名语言学家Randolph Quirk 说过：“我们只有见到一个 词在上下文中实际运用了的时侯，才能谈这个词的意义。”
An interpreter (translator) has to know everything of something and something of everything.
Exercise: Translate the following passage
• From there I could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village. It was all very beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing.
实用英汉翻译教程答案
实用英汉翻译教程答案实用英汉翻译教程答案（中文）实用英汉翻译教程是一本针对英汉翻译初学者的教材，旨在帮助学习者提高英汉翻译的技能。
以下是一份500字的实用英汉翻译教程答案。
第一部分：词汇翻译1. 解释下列词汇的中文意思：- Keyboard: 键盘- Database: 数据库- Software: 软件- Algorithm: 算法- Dialogue: 对话2. 解释下列词汇的英文意思：- 中心: Center- 忠诚: Loyalty- 独立: Independent- 笔记本电脑: Laptop- 乡村: Rural第二部分：短语翻译1. 翻译下列短语：- How do you do?: 你好（问候语）- Break the ice: 打破僵局- Piece of cake: 小菜一碟- Go with the flow: 随遇而安- Keep an eye on: 注意第三部分：句子翻译1. 翻译下列句子：- I have a lot of work to do today.（我今天有很多工作要做。
）- Can you help me with my homework?（你能帮我做作业吗？）- She is studying for her exams.（她正在备考。
）- We went to the beach last weekend.（我们上周末去了海滩。
）- The dog is playing in the park.（那只狗在公园里玩耍。
）第四部分：段落翻译翻译以下段落："In recent years, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly popular. AI technology has been applied in various fields, including healthcare, finance, and transportation. For example, AI-powered robots are now being used in hospitals to assist with patient care and surgery. AI algorithms are also used in financial institutions to analyze and predict market trends. In the transportation sector, self-driving cars are becoming more common, thanks to AI technology.The benefits of AI are undeniable, but there are also concerns about its potential risks. Some people worry that AI could replacehuman jobs, leading to unemployment. Others are concerned about the ethical implications of AI, such as privacy issues and biased decision-making. As AI continues to advance, it is essential to address these concerns and ensure that AI is used responsibly and ethically."近年来，人工智能（AI）的应用越来越普遍。
实用翻译教程notes1
实用翻译教程noteslecture11.If my mother had known of it, she’d have died a second time.•a/ 如果我母亲知道这件事，她一定会死第二次的。
*•b/ 如果我母亲知道这件事，她一定会气得从棺材里跳出来。
* •c/ 如果我母亲知道这件事，她一定会死不瞑目。
• 2.---I wasn’t born yesterday.•我又不是三岁小孩。
•3---There has been too much publicity about their relationship.他们的关系已经闹得满城风雨，人人皆知了• 4.---The Security Council has been seized of the question since then.•原译：自那时以来，这个问题就一直困扰着安全委员会。
•改译：安理会自那时以来就一直受理这个问题。
（需有国际法方面的知识）• 5.---In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.• 6.门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十一二把，五颜六色，大小不一。
•7.But we are getting ahead of the story.•可是我们已经说到故事的后面去了。
•8.When I was as young as you are now, towering in confidence oftwenty-one, little did I suspect that I should be at forty-nine, whatI now am.•A）我在你这个年纪的时候，二十出头，充满自信，意气风发，哪里会想到49岁今天的我呢？（译文不错）•B）我在你这个年纪的时候，二十出头，小荷尖尖，意气风发，哪里会想到49岁今天的我呢？（“小荷尖尖”四字把towering 一词的“精、气、神”一并译出来了。
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•T ranslation A Practical Course•实用翻译教程•外贸信函措辞问题一、汉语“请”字的英译在中文外贸信函里，凡是向对方提出某种要求，出于礼貌往往都得用上个“请”字，因此，“请”字了也许可以说是中文外贸信函使用频率最高的词语。
说到汉语里的“请”字，凡是懂点英语的人，都会联想到“please”。
随手翻开汉英或英汉词典，“请”与“please”也似乎是绝对相等之词。
但翻译并不如此简单，若不知变通，或图省力，每次“对号入座”，定出差错。
高明的译者，必是依据具体的情景，采用不同的词汇和句法手段。
请看下面各种不同的情况“请”字的变译法：1.请告我方交货日期与付款要求。
译文：Please let us know your delivery date and conditions of payment. 2.请将两份提单由不同的邮班寄来，同时开来30天汇票以便承兑。
译文：Kindly send us 2 Bills of Lading by separate posts, together with your draft at 30 days for acceptance.3.请从速办理本订单为荷。
译文：Your prompt attention to this order would be appreciated .4.请寄贵公司产品图解目录一份为荷。
译文：It would beappreciated if you would send us an illustrated catalog of your manufactures.5.请报50吨花生实盘。
译文：We shall appreciate it if you will make us a firm offer for 50 tons of peanuts.6.请告你方市场详情。
译文：We shall be grateful/ obliged if you can provide us with all possible information on yourmarket.注：We shall（should）be grateful/ obliged if you would/can/will/could…7.这是我们的包装设计，请转给厂方，供他们参考。
译文：This is our design for the packing. Could you possibly give it to the manufactures for their reference?（使用疑问句）8.根据双方协议条款，我们已开具了该批船货的即期汇票，通过此处中国银行转去，请见票即付。
译文：According to the terms agreed upon, we have drawn on you at sight against shipment through Bank of China here. We would askyou to protect the draft upon presentation.（使用主动语态）9.恳请你方尽力早日解决这一悬而未决的问题。
译文：You’re kindly requested to exert your best effort to wind up the long-standing issue at an early date.（使用被动语态）10.请即复。
（信尾套语）译文：Awaiting your immediate reply.（根据上下文省译）11.敬请注意，我方客户急需合同货物。
译文：We wish to draw your immediate attention to the fact that our clients are in urgent need for the contracted goods.以上“请”字的许多译例可以说明几个问题：1.“请”字在不同的上下文中，其意思有细微区别，如要求程度的强弱，表达方式的直接与间接，措辞或句式的正式与否，翻译前须悉心领会；2.“请”字的适应范围很大，英译汉时，许多客套话，不必照字面直译，可考虑能否译成汉语的“请”字；3.“请”字的英译，不必千篇一律。
•敬辞与谦辞•汉语中敬辞有哪些？台鉴、您、惠函、惠顾、赐复、奉告、恭候、承蒙、敬悉、贵方、贵公司、阁下……•谦词呢？过奖、不敢当、愚见、拙作、寒舍、敝人、敝公司……•英语中敬辞有？Dear, favor, kindly…•谦辞有？be appreciated, be obliged, be grateful, sincerely yours…•敬谦辞的翻译一、“套译”。
所谓“套译”，就是用一种语言里的礼貌词语或套语来翻译另一种语言里相当的礼貌词语或套语，而不必按原文句式逐词直译。
如：1.We shall be very muchobliged if you will quoteus the price for thismodel.译文：如蒙开报这种型号的价格，不胜感激。
2.Your immediate attentionwould be appreciated.译文：请即办理为荷。
3.从十月二十一日来函欣悉，贵公司决定按我公司十月十一日报价大量订购多种产品。
译文：We are glad to learn from your letter of 21 October that you have decided to place a large order for a number ofthe items included in our quotation of 11 October. •二、略译1. 根据贵方来函要求，现寄上敝公司产品目录一份。
译文：According to the request in your letter, we are sending you acatalog of our products.2. 承蒙惠函祝贺本人当选本公司董事长一事，特表谢忱。
译文：Thank you very much for your letter congratulating me on myelection as president of thisCorporation.3. 再次感谢你方订货，今后如需零件，请再惠顾。
译文：Thank you again for your order. Please keep us in mind whenever you need more parts.•英译汉有是也可略去某些毫无意义的的套语：4. We are looking forward to the pleasure of hearing from you.译文：请即复！5. If you are not interested in taking advantage of the offering on the list, please be good enough to forward it to some of the firms with which you have established business relationships.译文：如果你们无意购买我方产品，烦请将货单转寄与贵公司有业务往来的其他商行。
•三、“译语气”•Please accept my heart-felt appreciation for patronageand cooperation.译文：承蒙贵公司惠顾与合作，本人谨表谢忱。
注：译文虽未直译“please”和“heart-felt”,但是字里行间却充分体现了原文恭敬虔诚的语气。
2. We hope to have thepleasure of serving you in the near future.译文：我们希望在不久的将来，能为贵方效劳。
注：使用敬谦词语“贵方”与“效劳”来补译“have the pleasure of”之语气。
•注意：•语言是活的、发展的，应尽量避免使用一些陈腐的词语，如英语里的“favor(=letter/order)”,“your esteemed letter”；汉语里的“阁下”、“昨悉大函”、“笑纳”、“顿首”等、•使用谦词时应注意分寸，既要彬彬有礼，又要不卑不亢。
•对敝公司15周年纪念典礼，承蒙拨出宝贵时间出席，再次向您致谢。
译文：This is to thank you for taking the time andtrouble to join us incelebrating our 15thanniversary.2. We handle various kinds ofhardware products.译文：本公司经营各种五金产品。
3. We hereby engage that payment will be duly made against documents presented in conformity with terms of this credit. 译文：本行兹保证若所交单证符合本信用证条款，本行即予付款。
•其他婉转词语的使用无论是英文外贸信函还是中文外贸信函，措辞都是十分讲究分寸、得体，避免刺激对方，即使是向对方抱怨，甚至索赔，也须彬彬有礼。
请看下面的例子：•兹通知，有关信用证业已开出。
译文：We wish to advise you that the relative L/C has been established.2. 十分抱歉，我们暂时不能接受贵方报盘。
译文：We regret that we are not in a position to accept your offer.3. I’m afraid we can’t come to terms ifyou won’t give us 3% discount.译文：如果不给3%的折扣，我们恐怕很难成交。
4. I’m afraid we can’t accept yourcounter-bid.译文：很抱歉，我们无法接受你方还盘。
•Exercises•While we appreciate what you stated in your letter of Dec. 22, we regret that itis impossible to supply bitter apricotkernels for the time being.•We should be obliged if you would let us have some names and addresses of likelyimporters of good standing form amongyour customers together with briefcredit reports on them.•We have received your letter of 2ndMarch, with a price-list of your productsenclosed therein.•We are pleased to inform you that we have booked shipping space for ourOrder No.4265 of chemical fertilizer onS.S “Peace” with ETA the 15th May.5. The smallest order we can fill for the goods is 1000 yards. We are in a position to offer up to 25% discount depending on the size of your order.6. 请告知贵公司贸易条款。