第2讲.非谓语动词(一).教师版

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英语非谓语动词经典教学教案.docx

非谓语动词（ 6~8 分）第一讲：非谓语动词（一）教学目的：唤起学生对非谓语概念的理解，使学生掌握判断非谓语动词的方法和有关词汇的双重用法，掌握非谓语的三种形式。

教学重点：本节教学重点是判断非谓语动词的方法，有关词汇的双重用法；动名词的考点。

教学难点：掌握什么时候用非谓语教学过程：一、考情分析非谓语动词在专升本中是一个重要考点，属于每年必考容，主要考查分词做状语、定语和独立主格结构，和一些动词的固定搭配。

所谓非谓语动词是指不能作谓语的动词 (针对谓语而言 )，也不受主语人称和数的限制，但具有动词的某些特征。

它可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语和同位语。

二、讲课过程基础知识补充动词的形式：五种基本形式（为了区别谓语与非谓语外加另外一种不定式形式）原形单三过去式eat eats ate(谓语动词形式：即可以单独作谓语)现在分词过去分词不定式eating eaten to eat（非谓语动词形式：不能作谓语）He eats an orange.( 主 +谓 + 宾)I eat an orange.( 主+ 谓+ 宾)I ate an orange.( 主+ 谓+ 宾)I am eating an orange.( 主 + 谓+ 宾)He has eaten an orange.( 主 + 谓+ 宾)An orange was eaten by him.( 主+ 谓+ 宾 )I am to eat an orange.( 主+ 谓 + 宾)含义：不能做谓语的动词1、什么时候用非谓语？一句话，有谓语，多动作，无连词Seen from the top of the mountain, our school looks so beautiful.2、形式：动名词（构成：动词原形+ing ）分词（现在分词、过去分词）现在分词构成：动词原形+ing过去分词构成：动词原形+ed 或 done ；动词不定式基本形式：“to+ 动词原形”，有时可省去 to非谓语动词的形式如下 :一般式完成时进行时不定式主动to do to have done to be doing.被动to be done to have doneIng 形式主动doing having done被动being done havingbeendone过去分词被动完成done非谓语动词的否定形式：not + 不定式， not +动名词，not +分词非谓语动词的语法功能一、动名词主语： Reading is my hobby.宾语： I enjoy reading.表语： My hobby is reading.定语： He is in the reading room.二、现在分词表语： The book is interesting.定语： It's an interesting book.状语： He sat there, reading a newspaper.宾补： I saw him standing there.三、过去分词表语： They were excited at the news.定语： There are a few minutes left.状语： Seen from the hill, our school looks beautiful.宾补： I saw him beaten by Tom.四、不定式主语： To catch the train is impossible.宾语： They need to look at a map.表语： My work is to clean the classroom.定语： I have lots of work to do.状语： I am sorry to trouble you.宾补： He told me to close the door.考点动名词考点一：动名词作宾语的动词1.admit doing sth.承认做某事2.advise/suggest doing sth.建议做某事3.allow/permit doing sth.允许做某事4.appreciate doing sth.感激做某事5.avoid doing sth.避免做某事6.consider doing sth.考虑做某事7.delay/put off doing sth.推迟做某事8.deny doing sth.否认做某事9.like(enjoy)/dislike doing sth. 喜欢 / 不喜欢做某事10.escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事11.fancy doing sth.喜欢做某事12.finish doing sth.完成做某事13.forbid /prohibit doing sth.禁止做某事14.forgive doing sth.原谅做某事15.give up doing sth.放弃做某事16.imagine doing sth.想象做某事17.keep doing sth.保持做某事18.mention doing sth.提及做某事19.mind doing sth.介意做某事20.miss doing sth. 错过做某事21.practice doing sth.练习做某事22.prevent doing sth.阻止做某事23.report doing sth.报告做某事24.risk doing sth. 冒险做某事25.stop doing sth.停止做某事词组： devote to,get down to,be accustomed to confess to have trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.例题： He enjoys ___ pop music while I prefer classical music.A. listen toB. to listenC. listeningD. listening to补充知识：及物动词：后面必须跟宾语的动词，像buy,reach,give 等。

高中英语非谓语动词的用法讲解上课讲义

•关于省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.
e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Yes,______.
A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.
e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher?
1. (MET92 14) --I usually go there by
train.
--Why not ____ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go D. try going
2.Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he
persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等. + sb to do
医生建议他去南方.
The doctor advised him to go to the south.
当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:
watch
let
五看 see
三使 make
look at
have
notice observe
不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语. It is adj. (for sb) to do sth. It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do. It takes sb +time to do.
巩固练习1 1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。
It is not good for you to smoke.

2018版高考英语二轮教师用书：第1部分专题1 第2讲非谓语动词含解析

第二讲非谓语动词(对应学生用书第6页)1．(2017·江苏高考卷)Many Chinese brands，________ their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.A．having developed B．being developedC．developed D．developingA[考查非谓语动词。

句意：很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。

本句的主语“Many Chinese brands”与动词“develop”之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词，又根据句中的时间状语“over centuries”可知，此处应该使用现在分词的完成式。

故答案为A。

] 2．(2016·江苏高考卷)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.A．to hide B．hiddenC．hiding D．being hiddenB[考查非谓语动词。

句意：在艺术评论中，你必须假设艺术家在作品中隐藏了一个秘密信息。

句中message与hide是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

]3．(2015·江苏高考卷)Much time ________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A．being spent B．having spentC．spent D．spendingC[考查非谓语动词。

句意：因为坐办公室的时间太长，所以工作人员一般都受健康问题的困扰。

句首用独立主格结构在句中作状语，表示原因。

2021年全国高考英语人教新版词法专题：非谓语动词之动词不定式-(讲义教师版)

高考专题-词法-非谓语动词之动词不定式知识集结知识元动词不定式知识讲解动词不定式一、概念：定义：动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为"to+动词原形"，其中to是其符号，它没有人称和数的变化。

动词不定式在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to do to be done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生三、动词不定式的句法功能1.作主语不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。

如：It is good to help others.2.作宾语1）不定式作宾语时通常用于want, hope, wish, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, claim, fail, promise, plan, offer, prefer, attempt 等词后。

2） find, make, think, consider, feel 等动词不能直接接不定式作宾语，需用it 代替不定式作形式宾语。

如：This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly.3）“动词+ 疑问词+ 不定式”结构中的疑问词通常有what, when, where, which, how, whether 等，但不能用why。

3.作定语1）不定式作定语多表示未来动作，而动词-ing 形式作定语多表示正在进行的动作。

不定式的被动式、动词-ing 形式和过去分词都可以表示被动动作，但动作发生的时间不同。

Example:下周要召开的会议非常重要。

The meeting to be held next week is of great importance.现在正在召开的会议非常重要。

非谓语动词讲义

非谓语动词1.非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其他所有成分都可以做。

[思维导图]2.非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次这种动词形式不能做谓语。

非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其他所有成分都可以做。

3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般式句子的主语。

4．（1）若提示词为动词，句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，就该填谓语动词，此时要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致，有时还需考虑虚拟语气。

（2）若提示词为动词，句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，就该填非谓语动词，就要确定是v.－ing形式，v.－ed形式，还是不定式。

一般来说，v.－ing 形式表示主动、进行；v.－ed形式表示被动、完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。

命题点一动词不定式不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to＋动词原形”。

不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。

(一)不定式的用法1．作主语(1)不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。

To see is to believe.眼见为实。

It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是正确的。

(2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。

It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。

It was important for us to live a low-carbon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。

2．作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：我们一致同意在校门口见面。

非谓语动词专题讲座(1)

no use __B___ with him. （31. 2006 SHHMET）
• A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued ② There is no joking about such matters. 这种玩笑开不得。 • There is no denying the fact that the students health
高中英语学习课件
非谓语动词专题讲座（1）
年级科目：高中英语主讲人：王海峰学校：西安市第45中学
.
目
录
非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾补非谓语动词作主补非谓语动词作表语
.
1. 非谓语动词的基本概念
• 非谓语动词指可以担当除谓语外其它语法功能的动词形式。它有以下三种形式：
【名题解析】
• —Car 17 won the race.
D
• —Yes, but its driver came close to ______.
• A. having been killed B. have been killed
• C. be killed
D. being killed
.
3. 非谓语动词作宾语
.
2. 非谓语动词作表语
三种非谓语动词都可以作表语。但高考主要考查学生
对过去分词作表语在具体语境中的使用能力。请识记下
列短语：get started “启动”；get changed “换装”；get
cornered “受困”；get trapped “受困”； get dressed “穿
衣”。
.
3. 非谓语动词作宾语

高中英语语法非谓语动词详解

高中英语语法非谓语动词详解高中英语语法非谓语动词详解在高级英语语法中，非谓语动词是非常重要的一部分，也是理解和掌握英语语法的关键。

非谓语动词在句子中扮演着重要的角色，可以表达不同的意思和功能。

本文将详细解释非谓语动词的定义、类型和用法，并通过实例进行分析和解释。

一、定义和类型非谓语动词指的是在句子中不作为主要动词的动词形式，它们可以表达动词本身的含义，但没有主语和谓语动词。

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种类型。

1、动词不定式：动词不定式是以“to+”动词原形构成的，表示动词的不同形式，如“to do”、“to being”、“to have done”等。

2、动名词：动名词是在动词后加上“-ing”构成的，表示动词的现在分词形式，如“playing”、“swimming”、“jumping”等。

3、分词：分词是动词的过去分词形式，分为现在分词和过去分词两种。

现在分词表示动词的动作正在进行，如“running”、“singing”、“dancing”等；过去分词表示动词的动作已经完成，如“finished”、“eaten”、“read”等。

二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中可以扮演不同的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。

下面我们通过具体的例子来分析非谓语动词的用法：1、动词不定式：在句子中，动词不定式可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。

例如，“To learn English is important”（学习英语很重要）中，动词不定式“to learn English”作为主语；或者在“I want to go home”（我想回家）中，动词不定式“to go home”作为宾语。

2、动名词：在句子中，动名词可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。

例如，“Playing sports is fun”（做运动很有趣）中，动名词“Playing sports”作为主语；或者在“I enjoy listening to music”（我喜欢听音乐）中，动名词“listening to music”作为宾语。

2020届高考英语语法专题复习讲义语法专题：非谓语动词教师版(简单)

【非谓语动词】【考纲解读】近几年对于非谓语动词的句法功能考查越来越多，尤其是语篇填空和改错题型考查较多，甚至在完形填空的选项中也多有涉及。

首先需要考生了解非谓语动词的基本形式及其时态和语态的变化形式；其次，需要考生牢固掌握非谓语动词的语法功能和非谓语动词题目的解题思路，并能在具体的语境中正确运用。

【命题趋势】1. 近年来对非谓语动词的考查较多的关注与语境的结合，尽管出发点还是仍是非谓语动词的基本用法，这种考查形式是在理解语境和句意的基础上设置的。

2. 今后非谓语动词的考查依然占有较高的比重，尤其是非谓语动词做定语和状语的用法，同时试题设置将会继续结合语境，难度适中。

3. 高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。

4. 动词不定式的考查主要集中在一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。

【名师指导】1.非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。

非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。

对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断出是否是非谓语动词，找准相关动词的逻辑主语，再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词。

例如：作主语、宾语用动名词或动词不定式；作状语常用分词：目的状语常用动词不定式，伴随状语则常用现在分词等。

2.确定为非谓语动词后，再观察非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系以及动作发生的时间，由此判断出正确的时态、语态形式。

非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系，常用现在分词、动词不定式或动名词的一般式；是被动关系，则用过去分词、-ing形式或动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to have done/to have be en done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being done / done）。

高考英语一轮复习语法部分专题一第二讲非谓语动词学案北师大版

第二讲非谓语动词A组单句语法填空1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e4 ________(find)and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin.解析：该句主句为Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e4；________(find) and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin为不定式在句中作目的状语。

答案：to find2．(2020·浙江卷7月)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________(change)lives.解析：考查非谓语动词(不定式)。

句意：农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。

此处用不定式作定语，修饰technology，故填to change。

答案：to change3．(2020·浙江卷7月)Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，________(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.解析：考查非谓语动词中的动词ing形式。

结合and和上文的planting可知，此处应该填making与其并列。

答案：making4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They represent the earth ________(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.解析：考查非谓语动词。

高考英语复习非谓语动词课件(1)

成就欣赏
finish, enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介 forbid, imagine, risk; mind, allow/permit,
意准逃亡
escape
考点解读
be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote…to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,can't stand(无法忍受),can't help(禁不住), give up,feel like等短语也要用动名词作宾语。 I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 我非常感激两年前被给予了一个出国学习的机会。
考点解读
【技法训练二】
1. [2021·全国甲卷] After spending (spend) some time looking at
all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action… [解析]考查动名词作宾语。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语,故此处用动名词作介词after的宾语。故填spending。
作ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้尤其是某一次的动作。
this afternoon.(具体的)
不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形 It is right to give up smoking.戒
式主语,而把不定式放在谓语之后。烟是正确的。
考点解读
(续表) It is worth making an appointment before you go. “It is/was a waste 你在去之前预约一下是值得的。 of…/no use/no It was no use pretending that I had good/worth doing sth.” not seen him, so I waved to him. 句型中常用动名词作主语。假装没看见他已经没用了,因此我向他招了招手。

(完整版)高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】

高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下:1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语；2。

只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语；3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词；4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语；5。

不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别；6。

不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别;7。

不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别；8。

动名词的复合结构在句中作状语；9。

there be 结构的两种非谓语形式;10。

独立主格结构在句中作状语；11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语.【教法指引】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。

高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当,尤其是对以下要点的复习：1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别；2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式；3。

非谓语动词完成式的用法;4。

非谓语动词用作伴随状语;5.非谓语动词用作目的状语；6。

非谓语动词用作结果状语;7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题；9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题;10。

“（be+)过去分词+介词”结构；11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。

对于独立主格结构的复习,教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系.【知识网络】非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。

为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别（1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作.Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。

新高考英语专题1 第2讲千变万化的动词非谓语动词

语法专题突破
高考一轮总复习 • 英语 • 人教版
注意：以下短语中to 都是介词 be used to习惯于 object to 反对 devote oneself to致力于 stick to坚持 pay attention to注意
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语法专题突破
高考一轮总复习 • 英语 • 人教版
look forward to期盼 adapt to适应 adjust to(使)适应于 owe…to归咎于 be addicted to…对……上瘾
语态形式时态形式
一般式完成式
主动
doing having done
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被动 being done having been done
语法专题突破
高考一轮总复习 • 英语 • 人教版
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二、核心考点 1．动词-ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。
语法专题突破
高考一轮总复习 • 英语 • 人教版
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3．动词-ing形式作表语 (1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时doing 名词意义较强，doing/being done作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) My hobby is reading books. 我的兴趣爱好是读书。
语法专题突破
一动词的-ing形式二动词的过去分词三动词的不定式考点分层演练
高考一轮总复习 • 英语 • 人教版
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一动词的-ing形式
语篇导入
Reading①is one of Xiao Meng’s hobbies.Since she was a child，she has been dreaming of becoming② a st month ， she read a book describing③ love between a boss and a sleeping④ beauty—a girl whose gift is solving⑤difficult problems in her dreams.Her colleagues often found her solving⑥ problems while sleeping⑦ soundly.The book is very interesting ⑤.Xiao Meng really enjoys reading② the novel and imagines solving②

高中英语复习第二讲非谓语动词

答案与解析：extending 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国318国道，从上海延伸至西藏樟木，全长5 000多千米，因其令人惊叹的景色而被誉为“天路”。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，故空处为非谓语动词，与句子的主语China's National Highway 318是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词。
答案与解析：found 考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
5.[2020·浙江卷]Agriculture gave people their first experience of the
第二讲非谓语动词
高考感悟真题体验 1.[2021·全国乙卷]Minimize the impact of
(visit) the place.
答案与解析：visiting 考查非谓语动词。在介词of后应接动名词(doing)作宾语。故填visiting。
2.[2021·北京卷]From 2000 to 2019，there were 7，348 major natural
(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too... to do... (太……而不能……)； so/such... as to... (如此……以至于……)等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport， only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。

(完整版)高中英语非谓语动词详解

第二讲非谓语动词教学重点1，非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别；2，非谓语动词的各种形式和应用；3，非谓语动词的考点解析。

一、非谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别1.谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

如：Miss Mary teaches us English . 玛丽教我们英语。

（teaches是谓语动词。

）Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。

（to have a talk不定式作状语）2.谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

如：Tom likes the pop music. 汤姆喜欢流行音乐。

（动词用第三人称单数形式）Tom has nothing to do today. 汤姆今天没有什么事要做。

（do用原形）二、非谓语动词的各种形式和应用非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。

其动能和形式如下：非谓语动词在句中所做的成分如下：三、考点解析非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。

解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。

1 动名词和不定式作表语①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。

如：To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.②动名词作主语的句型。

如：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构：动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。

大学英语语法第2讲-非谓语动词

非谓语动词——动名词
C. 动名词的逻辑主语当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时，可使用形容词的物主代词或代词的宾格。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 困扰他们的是食物不足。 18-year-old
非谓语动词——动名词
B. 动名词的完成时和被动式表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时，用动名词的完成时。
主动形式一般时完成时 doing having done
被动形式 being done having been done
非谓语动词——动名词
B. 动名词的完成时和被动式
完成时 a.He regrets having wasted so much time when he was young. 年轻时浪费了那么多时间，他现在很后悔。 b.He apologized for not having kept his promise. 他对于没有遵守诺言表示歉意。被动式 c.He dislikes being interrupted when he is working. 他不喜欢在工作时被人打扰。 d.He didn’t mind being left at home. 他并不介意把他留在家里。
大学英语语法 Grammar
第二讲非谓语动词（非限定动词）
1
非谓语动词

概念：非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词、形容词和副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。

(完整版)高中非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.不定式主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式To do To be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后进行式To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生完成式To have done To have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前动名词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having doing Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前现在分词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前不定式一、不定式的作用1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。

往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。

如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。

（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。

试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语（1）动词+不定式。

超详细非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词t h e N o n-F i n i t e V e r b s 定义在句子中不是谓语的动词,形式：不定式、动名词和分词现在分词和过去分词作用：在句子中充当主语、宾语、状语等.特点：1.非谓语动词可以有名词作用如动词不定式和动名词,在句中做主语、宾语、表语.2.非谓语动词可以有形容词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.3.非谓语动词可以有副词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中作状语.4.谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制.5.英语中不能单独做句子的谓语.与谓语动词的关系相同点（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如： They built a garden. They suggested building a garden.（2）都可以被状语修饰： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well.（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式一般式；进行式；完成式的变化.例如：He was punished by his parents.谓语动词被动语态 He avoided being punished by his parents.动名词的被动式We have written the composition.谓语动词的完成时 Having written the composition, we handed it in.现在分词的完成式（4）都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.谓语动词的逻辑主语 The boss ordered them to start the work.动词不定式的逻辑主语We are League members.谓语动词的主语 We being League member, the work was well done. 现在分词的逻辑主语不定式一、形式功能：动词不定式：to+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.否定式：not + to do 以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下：（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.例如： I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你.He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多.We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观.He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家.The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术.The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作.（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力.He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书.3完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如：I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了.I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影.He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友.二、不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的.To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的.It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败.常用句式有：1作主语：1、It+be+名词+to do.2、It takes sb.+some time+to do.3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do.①与careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wis e,wrong , careful , polite , 等表示赞扬或批评的形容词连用,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语.②与for连用的通常是一些表示可能性、难易程度、必要性等含义的形容词：possible,impossible,easy,hard,difficult,necessaryIt’s necessary for you to study hard .necessary 修饰 to study hard,表示学习努力是有必要的It’s foolish of him to do it .foolish 修饰逻辑主语him2作表语：放be动词后,构成表语Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅.He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了.注意：（3）作宾语：①动词+不定式.如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.it 作形式宾语下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, promise, prefer, like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , teach , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect ,choose, get等②动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语.如：I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语.如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.We think it important to obey the laws .不定式动词可充当介词宾语,如：I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里,别无选择.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的.（4）作宾语补足语：①动词+宾语+不定式to doHe warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so不带to的不定式注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage,beg, permit, persuade,prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．他有很多工作要做,所以没去电影院.②表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.被动语态③ There +不定式We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里.注意：1有些动词需用 as 短语作补语,像regard, think, believe, take, consider.如：We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师.Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲.2在动词feel 一感,hear, listen to二听,have, let, make三让,notice, see, watch, observe, look at五看即：吾看三室两厅一感觉等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to.如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.3help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.I often help him toclean the room.（5）作定语：动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系：1）He is looking for a room to live in.动状关系He has got a chance to go abroad.同位关系3主谓关系：She is always the last person to speak at the meeting . ----I’mgoing to the post office , for I have a letter to post .逻辑主语是I -------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now 逻辑主语不是I4动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席.注意：如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词.如：I need a pen to write with . I will wirte with the pen 我需要一直钢笔写字I have a little baby to look after .I must look after the little baby 我有一个婴儿要照看He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in .What did you open it with 你用什么打开它如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词：He has no place to live. 他无处安身.This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法.He has no money and no place to live in .I think the best way to travel by is on foot .There is no time to think about .注意：①不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动、也可用被动式：Have you got anything to send 你要送什么东西吗 Have you got anything to be sent 你有什么东西需要送吗②说明所修饰名词的内容： We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制定了一个完成工作的计划.③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语： He is the first to get here. 他第一个来到这儿.6作状语：①表目的：He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链.注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. right：To save money, he has tried every means. 为了省钱,他使出了浑身解数. wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语,他需要一本词典.作目的状语：既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾 To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked. 说实话,我不喜欢他讲话的方式.②表结果往往是与预期愿望相反的结果意料之外：常放在never only后He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了,只见火车已经走了.I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他,只见他出去了.③表原因：常放在形容词后面They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心.④表程度：It's too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了,我们什么也看不见.The question is simple for him to answer. 这问题由他来回答是很简单的.三、不定式的省略：①情态动词除ought外, ought to do②would rather, had better③感官动词和使役动词④由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式,第二个 to 可以省去.如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.⑤help⑥Why…/Why not…⑦But 和 except 前是动词 do 时,后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式.试比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.⑧通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后,可以省去 to be .如：⑨保留to省略do动词. If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. 如果你不想做这件事,你就不必做.⑩不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to.下列短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略到to：want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able toHe wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生.五、注意：1．to 作介词：agree to, object to,close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to动名词一、定义：动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能.二、形式：一般式 doing 谓语动词同时发生 being done Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.完成式 having done having been done 谓语动词发生之前We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影.否定式：not + 动名词动名词的形式： I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告.被动式： He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会.完成被动式： He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过.复合结构：物主代词或名词所有格+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次.His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦.三、动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：谓语用单数Reading aloud is very helpful.Collecting stamps is interesting.Playing with fire is dangerous.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语.结构：It’s no good/use doing.... It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的.（2）作表语：动名词可以和主语调换位置.如：My hobby is collecting stamps.In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.3作宾语：They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝.We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染.注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句.此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如： We found it no good making funof others. 我们发现取笑他人不好.只接V-ing做宾语的动词和动词短语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit,deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…from,keep …from, stop…from,protect…from, set about, be engag ed in, spend…in, succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like接动名词、不定式均可,且意义相同的动词：like, love, dilike,hate, begin, star, continue, prefer, cease, can’t bear/endure/stand接动名词、不定式均可,但意义不同的词：forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等Stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做Forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过Remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过Regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过Try to do 企图做,尽力做 try doing 试着做Go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事Mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做注意：Need, require, want作“需要”讲,其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义,be worth也有类似用法.如：The flowers need watering/to be watered.The problem is worth discussing.（4）作定语：动名词作定语,一般表示用途.如：a waiting room,a diving board,a reading room,a dining hall动名词与现在分词作定语的区别：1现在分词作定语表动作,它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,可改写成一个定语从句.如果为单词,放在被修饰n之前,为短语,放在被修饰n之后.如：a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleepinga developing country =a country which is developing2动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质,可改写成一个for的短语,两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系.如：a washing machine = a mashine for washinga swimming pool = a pool for swimmingHe can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路.Is there a swimming pool in your school 你们学校有游泳池吗（5）作同位语： The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密.His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变.分词一、现在分词和过去分词的区别：1在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义；过去分词表示被动意义,不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生.像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词.如：a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球2在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性.如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶注意：分词作时间状语,如果先于主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用having done.如：Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.=After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.二、注意：1分词作状语,其逻辑主语要与主句主语保持一致2分词前常有when / while / as / before/ after/ if / unless /even if 等引导词3如果过去分词的动作发生在主句谓语之前,用having been done Having been hurt in a traffic accident, I was given an operation.4分词做状语,主语之前不可有and /but / so / or/ so that 等连词如有,则此句子为祈使句Working hard, you will succeed.Working hard and you will succeed.5)否定式,在分词之前+ not6)固定搭配： be dressed in be lost in thoughts lost in thoughts, he knocked into me.7)分词的逻辑主语与主句不同,分词要有自己的逻辑主语,称为“独立主语” The money used up, I had no food to eat现在分词二、定义：既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能.二、形式：肯定式：V-ing；否定式：not + 现在分词（1）主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语.例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去.Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球.（2）被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作.The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要.Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误.三、现在分词的句法功能：（1）作定语：现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后.In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.（2）现在分词作表语： The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒.The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心.be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构.3作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等.例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着. （4）现在分词作状语：①作时间状语： While Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人.②作原因状语： Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人.③作方式状语,表示伴随： He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗.④作条件状语： If Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间.⑤作结果状语： He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎.⑥作目的状语： He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了.⑦作让步状语： Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了.⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了.Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习.有时也可用with without +名词代词宾格+分词形式 With the lights burning,he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了.⑨作独立成分： udging fromby his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看,他一定是个演员. Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心.过去分词一、形式：只有V-ed一种形式.①规则,V-ed, ②不规则二、句法功能1．过去分词作定语：①单个过去分词做定语时用于被修饰的名词前,做前置定语 frozen food、polluted river、a terrified boyVt.过去分词作定语,表被动及完成Vi 过去分词作定语,表示完成 a married man an escape man the risen sun a fallen leafOur class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行.Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会.②凡是用作定语修饰人或表示与个人相关的心理状态,用过去分词,而修饰物时,则用现在分词做定语a satisfied smile a satisfying answerTom tired at the tiring speech,started to sleep.③过去分词短语做定语时,用于被修饰的名词之后,相当于省略了which/who is/are:A book written by luxun a student called MaryThe meeting being held now is important.The meeting held yesterday was importantThe meeting to be held tomorrow is important.2．过去分词作表语： The window is broken. 窗户破了.They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕.注意：be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态.区别： The window is broken.系表 The window was broken by the boy.被动有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成.如：boiled water开水 fallen leaves落叶newly arrived goods新到的货 the risen sun升起的太阳 the changed world 变了的世界这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等.3．过去分词作宾语补足语：①做宾语补足语的动词一般是Vt,表示被动或完成With+sth./sb. DoneWith the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了.With trees planted around the school, it looks nicer.②Have /get + sb/sth. Done 叫人做....Make oneself kmow/ understood/ hearted 让自己被....③see /hear/ watch / notice/ observe / listen to等构成的感官动词及 think/ find 等表示心理状态的动词 ~ sth/ sb. done1)I hear this song sung2)I found the dooe unlocked when I got home.④ want / wish / like / expect / order sth /sb. Done 希望、命令......被做I want the problem discussed at the meeting.4．过去分词作状语：Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲.原因Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了.时间Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好.条件Though told of the danger, he s till risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子.让步Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞. 方式/伴随。