人教 高二英语必修五第一单元语法 无答案

过去分词作定语

1)语法功能

过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者；在逻辑上，它们是动宾关系。

The stolen bike belongs to Jack. The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack.

The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.

The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.

a.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面。

the affected people受感染的人 a broken heart一颗破碎的心

a lost dog丧家之犬 a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯

Attention：过去分词修饰something，everything，anything，nothing，somebody，nobody，those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。

Is there anything unsolved?

There is noting changed here since I left this town.

b. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。

people exposed to cholera= people who was exposed to cholera

the book recommended by Jack= the book which was recommended by Jack

the machines produced last year= the machines which were produced last year

c. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动，只表完成。

a risen sun已升起的太阳 the gone days 逝去的时光

fallen leaves 落叶

2）现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：

现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。

The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.

Have you read the book recommended by your teacher?这是你老师推荐的书吗？

对比：

the changing world（正在变化的）the changed world（变化了的）

boiling water（正在沸腾的） boiled water（已经沸腾过的）

fading flowers(正在凋谢的) faded flowers（已经凋谢的）

a developing country(发展中的) a developed country（发达的）

a drowning man快要淹死的人 a drowned man已经淹死的人

falling leaves正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves落叶

a retired worker退休工人 an escaped prisoner逃犯

3）及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式

(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.

the problem discussed yesterday

the problem being discussed

过去分词做表语

1.过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于adj.，说明的是主语的状态；

All the windows are broken.

All hope is gone.

He looked worried after reading the letter.

常见作表语的过去分词有：disappointed，drunk，amused，frightened，married，excited，experienced，interested，confused，pleased，puzzled，satisfied，tired，worried，gone， dressed， lost等。

注意

过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的状态，而后者强调被动的动作。

My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态）

My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。（动作）

1. The disc， digitally ______ in the studio， sounded fantastic at the party that night.

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company， ____ as 3M.

A. knowing

B. known

C. being known

D. to be known

3. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. had been invited

4. As soon as she entered the room， the girl caught sight of the flowers ____ by her mother.

A. buying

B. being bought

C. were bought

D. bought

5. Don’t use words， expressions or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.

A. being known

B. having been known

C. to be known

D. known

6. The computer center，_____ last year， is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open

B. opening

C. having opened

D. opened

7. Cleaning women in big cities get _____ by the hour.

A. pay

B. paying

C. paid

D. to pay

8. As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my friends.

A. separated

B. spared

C. lost

D. missed

9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ___ as the plane was making a landing.

A. seat

B. seating

C. seated

D. to be seating

10. Sarah， hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to _____ before the party.

A. get changed

B. get change

C. get changing

D. get to change

Part 4. Using Language

1.Although he had tried to ignore them，all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion.....虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数据，然而他所有的数字计算都得出了一个相同的结论。

lead to 导致，通向

His carelessness led to the accident.他的粗心导致了这场事故。

All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。

该短语中to为介词。类似的短语还有：

be used to stick to look forward to devote oneself to pay attention to

2.Only if you put the sun there did the movement of the other plants in the sky make sense..只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。

1）句中only 修饰if引导的状语从句，放在句首时，后面的主句要用倒装。only位于句首，其后接副词或介词短语时，句子的主谓也要部分倒装。

Only then did I realize my mistake.只有到那时我才意识到我的错误。