定语从句的整合与拆分

Grammar:定语从句(Attributive Clauses)

定义：定语从句(Attributive Clauses)：由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词和代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why) 关系词都充当从句的某个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。在定语从句中，当who, which, that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。关系词常有3个作用：①引导定语从句。②代替先行词。③在定语从句中担当一个成分。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。

一.关系代词以及基本用法

注意一：

1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。2)that前不能有介词。

模仿范例，把下列两个简单句合成带有定语从句的复合句。

1. The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football.

(1)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。

The boys(the boys are playing football) are from Class One.

(2) 括号中句子里的主语the boys, 和先行词是同一个词，应该用关系词替换从句中重

复的the boys. The boys 在从句中作主语，关系词中能作主语并代表人的是who, that

The boys(who\that are playing football) are from Class One.

(3) who\that==the boys, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

2. I found the letter. The letter came yesterday.

(1)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。

I found The letter( the letter came yesterday).

(2)用关系词替换从句中重复的the letter, 关系词中能作主语并代表物的是which, that

I found The letter(which\that came yesterday).

(3)which\that==the letter, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

3. The man is my friend. You met the man just now

(1)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。The man (you met the man just now) is my friend.

(2)用关系词替换从句中重复的the man, 关系词中能作宾语并代表人的是whom, that

The man (whom\that you met just now) is my friend.

(3)whom\that==the man, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

做宾语的关系词whom\that 可以省略The man ( you met just now) is my friend.

4. I helped the man. The man’s car was broken.

(1)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。

I helped the man (the man’s car was broken).

(2) the man’s 是名词所有格，起到定语的作用修饰car, 用关系词替换从句中重复的the man, 关系词中能作定语，表示“谁的”是whose

I helped the man (whose car was broken).

(3) whose=the man’s, 在定语从句中做定语，并连接先行词和定语从句。

Whose不但可以表示“谁的”，还可以指物，表示“什么的”。例如：

I once lived in a house. The roof of the house has fallen in./ The house’s roof has fallen in.

I once lived in a house (the roof of the house has fallen in)/I once lived in a house (t he house’s roof has fallen in.)

此句可改为：

I once lived in a house (the roof of which has fallen in)/(whose roof has fallen in).

介词+关系代词可提前，此句还可改为I once lived in a house (of which the roof has fallen in)

5. This news is coming fromthe country. The country is on the other side of the world.

→This news is coming from the country which/that is on the other side of the world.

6.The minerals were unusual. We found them in the rocks.

→The minerals wh ich/that we found in the rocks were unusual.

7. This rocket is being built for the satellite. The satellite will be sent into space next year.

→This rocket is being built for the satellite which/that will be sent into space next year.

8. The house is our home. Its door is green/the door of the house is green.

→The house whose door is green is our home./ The house the door of which is green is our home./The house of which the door is green is our home.

9. I see some trees. The leaves of these trees are white.

→ I see some trees whose leaves are white. / I see some trees the leaves of which are white./ I see some trees of which the leaves are white.

练习

1.The boy came to see me yesterday. He is Tom's brother.

______________________________________________________________________ 2. The machines were connected with wires. The wires were very old .

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3. I know the boy. You gave a book to him.

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