结构力学英语词汇
结构力学英文
Under the action of the loads, the system still maintains its shape and remains its location if the small deformations of the members are neglected as shown in Fig.2.1
2.2 the concept of degrees of freedom and restraints
In the analyzing geometric construction of structures, it is very feasible to consider one part of the members or joints of a system as an object which possesses degrees of freedom, whereas other part of the members or joints of the system as restraints which restricts the movement of the object. The relationship of these two parts are then analyzed and whether or not the system will be determined. Accordingly, the concept of degrees of freedom and restraints of a system is discussed first of all
(2)Geometrically unstable system Under the action of the loads, the system will change its shape and its location if the small deformations of the members are neglected as shown in fig,2.2 Corresponding to geometrically stable and unstable system, there are internally stable and unstable systems as well. A structure is considered to be internally stable, or rigid, if it maintains its shape and remains a rigid body when detached from the supports
结构工程常用英语词汇
结构工程常用英语词汇混凝土：concrete 钢筋：reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构：reinforced concrete structure板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs 刚度：rigidity徐变：creep 水泥：cement钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement 梁：beam柱：column 板：slab 剪力墙：shear wall 基础：foundation剪力：shear 剪切变形：shear deformation 剪切模量：shear modulus拉力：tension 压力：pressure 延伸率：percentage of elongation位移：displacement 应力：stress 应变：strain应力集中：concentration of stresses 应力松弛：stress relaxation 应力图：stress diagram 应力应变曲线：stress-strain curve 应力状态：state of stress 钢丝：steel wire 箍筋：hoop reinforcement 箍筋间距：stirrup spacing 加载：loading抗压强度：compressive strength 抗弯强度：bending strength抗扭强度：torsional strength 抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack 屈服：yield 屈服点：yield point 屈服荷载：yield load屈服极限：limit of yielding 屈服强度：yield strength屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield 荷载：load 横截面：cross section 承载力：bearing capacity 承重结构：bearing structure弹性模量：elastic modulus 预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressed reinforced concrete 预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement 预应力损失：loss of prestress 预制板：precast slab现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast-in-place reinforced concrete双向配筋：two-way reinforcement 主梁：main beam次梁：secondary beam 弯矩：moment 悬臂梁：cantilever beam延性：ductileity受弯构件：member in bending 受拉区：tensile region 受压区：compressive region 塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axial pressure 轴向拉力：axial tension吊车梁：crane beam 可靠性：reliability 粘结力：cohesive force外力：external force 弯起钢筋：bent-up bar 弯曲破坏：bending failure 屋架：roof truss 素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete无梁楼盖：flat slab 配筋率：reinforcement ratio配箍率：stirrup ratio 泊松比：Poisson’s ratio偏心受拉：eccentric tension 偏心受压：eccentric compression偏心距：eccentric distance 疲劳强度：fatigue strength偏心荷载：eccentric load 跨度：span 跨高比：span-to-depth ratio跨中荷载：midspan load 框架结构：frame structure集中荷载：concentrated load 分布荷载：distribution load分布钢筋：distribution steel 挠度：deflection设计荷载：design load 设计强度：design strength构造：construction 简支梁：simple beam 截面面积：area of section 浇注：pouring 浇注混凝土：concreting钢筋搭接：bar splicing 刚架：rigid frame脆性：brittleness 脆性破坏：brittle failure。
结构力学术语索引(英汉对照,上)
结构力学术语索引（按汉语拼音顺序）B板壳结构plate and shell structure变形延续（协调）条件compatibility and condition of deformation 变形体的虚功原理principle of virtual work for deformable bodyC自由度degree of freedom常变体系constantly changeable system初参数法method of initial parameter超静定结构statically indeterminate structure超静定次数degree of indeterminacy自内力self-internal force超静定结构的位移displacement of statically indeterminate structure 传递系数carry-over factorD动力荷载dynamic load多余约束redundant restraint代替杆法method of substitution of bars单位支座位移法unit load method对称结构symmetrical structure对称荷载symmetrical loadF反驳称荷载antisymmetrical load分配系数distribution factor反力互等定理theorem of reciprocal reactionG杆件结构structure of bar system滚轴支座roller support固定支座fixed support马路标准荷载highway standard load拱arch刚架frame刚臂rigid arm刚度方程stiffness equation固端弯矩stiffness coefficient固端剪力fixed-end shear force广义位移generalized displacement功的互等定理theorem of reciprocal worksH桁架truss桁架影响线influence line of truss合理拱轴线optional centre line of the arch换算荷载equivalent load活载最不利分布most unfavourable distribution of live loads 荷载load互等定理reciprocal theoremsJ结构的计算简图computing model of structure铰支座hinge support结构structure几何构造分析geometric construction analysis几何不变体系geometrically unchangeable system几何可变体系geometrically changeable system计算自由度computational degree of freedom静定结构statically determinate structure静定多跨梁statically determinate multi-span beam静定平面刚架statically determinate plane frame静力荷载static load静力法static method结点荷载joint load结点荷载作用下的影响线influence line under joint load 绝对最大弯矩absolute maximum bending moment结点角位移joint rotation displacement结点线位移joint translation displacement结构的刚度矩阵stiffness matrix of structure渐进法successive approximation method机动法kinematic methodK卡氏第一定理Castigliano’s first theorem克罗蒂-恩格塞定理Crotti-Engesser’s theorem卡氏第二定理Castgliano’s second theorem空间桁架space truss空间刚架space frameL梁beam力法force method延续梁continuous beam力法的基本未知量primary unknown of force method力法的基本结构primary structure of force method力法的基本体系primary system of force method力法的基本方程basic equations of force method两铰拱two-hinged arch带拉杆的两铰拱two-hinged arch with tension bar力矩分配法method of moment distribution零载法method of zero loadN内力影响线influence line of internal force内力包络图envelope of internal forceR柔度系数flexibility coefficient柔度矩阵flexibility matrixS实体结构massive structure瞬变体系instantaneously changeable system瞬铰instantaneous hinge三铰拱three-hinged arch三铰拱的压力线line of pressure in three hinged archT铁路标准荷载railway standard load弹性中央elastic centre弹性中央法method of elastic centre图乘法method of graph multiplication通路法method of closed loopW位移法displacement method位移法的基本未知量primary unknown in displacement method 位移法的基本方程basic equation in displacement method温度应（内）力temperature stress(internal force)无铰拱hingeless arch无侧移刚架rigid frame without sidesway位移法的基本体系primary system in displacement method位移法的基本结构primary structure in displacement method位移法典型方程canonical equations in displacement method无剪力分配法no-shear moment distribution method弯矩包络图envelope for bending moment位移互等定理theorem of reciprocal displacement位移反力互等定理theorem of reciprocal displacement-reaction 位移影响线influence line of displacement位移displacementX悬索cable虚功原理principle of virtual work虚力原理principle of virtual forceY约束constraint , or restraint影响线influence line影响系数influence factor应变能strain energy应变余能complementary energy of strain有侧移刚架rigid frame with sideswayZ组合结构composite structure转角位移方程slope-deflection equation转动刚度rotational stiffness。
材料、结构力学名词英文
力学 mechanics 牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics 经典力学 classical mechanics 静力学 statics 运动学 kinematics 动力学 dynamics子波 wavelet 次级子波 secondary wavele 驻波 standing wave声强 intensity of sound 声强计 phonometer 声调 intonation音色 musical quality 音调 pitch 声级 sound level声压[强] sound pressure 声源 sound source 声阻抗 acoustic impedance声抗 acoustic reactance 声阻 acoustic resistance 声导纳 acoustic admittance声导 acoustic conductance 声纳 acoustic susceptance 声共振 acoustic resonance声波 sound wave 超声波 supersonic wave 声速 sound velocity次声波 infrasonic wave 亚声速 subsonic speed又称“亚音速”。
超声速 supersonic speed又称“超音速”。
声呐 sonar 共鸣 resonance回波 echo 回声 echo 拍 beat 拍频 beat frequency群速 group velocity 相速 phase velocity 能流 energy flux能流密度 energy flux density 材料力学 mechanics of materials, strength of materials 应力 stress 法向应力 normal stress 剪[切]应力 shear stress单轴应力 uniaxial stress 双轴应力 biaxial stress 拉[伸]应力 tensile stress压[缩]应力 compressive stress 周向应力 circumferential stress纵向应力 longitudinal stress 轴向应力 axial stress弯[曲]应力 bending stress, flexural stress 扭[转]应力 torsional stress局部应力 localized stress 残余应力 residual stress 热应力 thermal stress最大法向应力 maximum normal stress 最小法向应力 minimum normal stress最大剪应力 maximum shear stress 主应力 principal stress主剪应力 principal shear stress 工作应力 working stress 许用应力 allowable stress应力集中 stress concentration 应力集中系数 stress concentration factor应力状态 state of stress 应力分析 stress analysis结构[强度]分析 structured analysis 应变 strain 剪[切]应变 shear strain法向应变 normal strain 拉[伸]应变 tensile strain 压[缩]应变 compressive strain 体积应变 volumetric strain 残余应变 residual strain 热应变 thermal strain最大法向应变 maximum normal strain 主应变 principal strain主剪应变 principal shear strain 名义应变 nominal strain应变状态 state of strain 载荷 load又称“荷载”。
结构力学英语词汇
结构力学结构分析结构动力学拱三铰拱抛物线拱圆拱穹顶空间结构空间桁架雪载[荷] 风载[荷] 土压力地震载荷弹簧支座支座位移支座沉降超静定次数机动分析结点法截面法结点力共轭位移影响线三弯矩方程刚度系数柔度系数力矩分配力矩分配法力矩再分配分配系数矩阵位移法单元刚度矩阵单元应变矩阵总体坐标贝蒂定理高斯若尔当消去法屈曲模态复合材料力学复合材料纤维复合材料单向复合材料泡沫复合材料颗粒复合材料层板夹层板正交层板斜交层板层片多胞固体膨胀压实劣化脱层脱粘纤维应力层应力层应变层间应力比强度强度折减系数强度应力比横向剪切模量横观各向同性正交各向异剪滞分析短纤维长纤维纤维方向纤维断裂纤维拔脱纤维增强致密化最小重量设计网格分析法混合律蔡吴失效准则 u 达格代尔模型断裂力学概率断裂力学格里菲思理论线弹性断裂力学 , 弹塑性断裂力学 , 断裂脆性断裂解理断裂蠕变断裂延性断裂晶间断裂准解理断裂穿晶断裂裂纹裂缝缺陷割缝微裂纹折裂椭圆裂纹深埋裂纹[钱]币状裂纹预制裂纹表面裂纹裂纹钝化裂纹分叉裂纹闭合裂纹前缘裂纹嘴裂纹张开角裂纹张开位移 , 裂纹阻力裂纹面裂纹尖端裂尖张角 ,裂尖张开位移 , 裂尖奇异场裂纹扩展速率稳定裂纹扩展定常裂纹扩展亚临界裂纹扩展裂纹[扩展]减速止裂止裂韧度断裂类型滑开型张开型撕开型撕裂撕裂模量断裂准则J积分J阻力曲线断裂韧度应力强度因子场守恒积分有效应力张量应变能密度能量释放率内聚区塑性区张拉区热影响区 , 延脆转变温度固体力学弹性力学弹性理论均匀应力状态应力不变量应变不变量应变椭球均匀应变状态应变协调方程拉梅常量各向同性弹性旋转圆盘楔开尔文问题布西内斯克问题艾里应力函数克罗索夫穆斯赫利什维利法基尔霍夫假设板矩形板圆板环板波纹板加劲板中厚板弯[曲]应力函数壳扁壳旋转壳球壳[圆]柱壳锥壳环壳封闭壳扭[转]应力函数翘曲函数半逆解法瑞利里茨法松弛法莱维法松弛量纲分析自相似[性]影响面接触应力赫兹理论协调接触滑动接触滚动接触压入各向异性弹性颗粒材料散体力学热弹性超弹性粘弹性对应原理褶皱塑性全量理论微滑粗糙度非线性弹性大挠度突弹跳变有限变形格林应变阿尔曼西应变弹性动力学运动方程准静态的气动弹性水弹性颤振弹性波简单波柱面波水平剪切波竖直剪切波体波无旋波畸变波膨胀波瑞利波等容波界面波边缘效应塑性力学可成形性金属成形耐撞性结构抗撞毁性拉拔破坏机构回弹挤压冲压穿透层裂塑性理论安定[性]理论运动安定定理静力安定定理率相关理论载荷因子加载准则加载函数加载面塑性加载塑性加载波比例加载卸载卸载波冲击载荷阶跃载荷脉冲载荷极限载荷中性变载拉抻失稳加速度波本构方程完全解名义应力过应力真应力等效应力流动应力应力间断应力空间主应力空间静水应力状态对数应变工程应变等效应变应变局部化应变率敏感性应变空间有限应变塑性应变增量累积塑性应变永久变形内变量应变软化理想刚塑性材料刚塑性材料理想塑性材料材料稳定性应变偏张量应力偏张量应变球张量应力球张量路径相关性线性强化应变强化随动强化各向同性强化强化模量幂强化塑性极限弯矩塑性极限扭矩弹塑性弯曲弹塑性交界面弹塑性扭转粘塑性非弹性理想弹塑性材料极限分析极限设计极限面上限定理上屈服点下限定理下屈服点界限定理初始屈服面后继屈服面屈服面[的]外凸性截面形状因子沙堆比拟屈服屈服条件屈服准则屈服函数屈服面塑性势能量吸收装置能量耗散率塑性动力学塑性动力屈曲塑性动力响应塑性波运动容许场静力容许场流动法则速度间断滑移线滑移线场移行塑性铰塑性增量理论米泽斯屈服准则普朗特罗伊斯关系特雷斯卡屈服准则洛德应力参数莱维米泽斯关系亨基应力方程赫艾韦斯特加德应力空间洛德应变参数德鲁克公设盖林格速度方程连续过程碰撞截面通用气体常数燃烧不稳定性稀释度完全离解火焰传播组份碰撞反应速率燃烧理论浓度梯度阴极腐蚀火焰速度火焰驻定火焰结构着火湍流火焰层流火焰燃烧带渗流 ,达西定律赫尔-肖流毛[细]管流过滤爪进不互溶驱替不互溶流体互溶驱替互溶流体流度比渗透率孔隙度多孔介质比面迂曲度空隙空隙分数注水可湿性地球物理流体动力学物理海洋学大气环流海洋环流海洋流旋转流平流埃克曼流埃克曼边界层大气边界层大气-海洋相互作用埃克曼数罗斯贝数罗斯贝波斜压性内磨擦海洋波盐度环境流体力学斯托克斯流羽流理查森数污染源污染物扩散噪声噪声级噪声污染排放物工业流体力学流控技术轴向流并向流对向流横向流螺旋流旋拧流滞后流混合层抖振风压附壁效应 ,简约频率爆炸力学终点弹道学动态超高压技术流体弹塑性体热塑不稳定性空中爆炸地下爆炸水下爆炸电爆炸激光爆炸核爆炸点爆炸殉爆强爆炸粒子束爆炸聚爆起爆爆破霍普金森杆电炮电磁炮爆炸洞轻气炮马赫反射基浪成坑能量沉积爆心爆炸当量火球爆高蘑菇云侵彻规则反射崩落应变率史流变学聚合物减阻挤出[物]胀大 , 无管虹吸剪胀效应孔压[误差]效应 [] 剪切致稠剪切致稀触变性反触变性超塑性粘弹塑性材料滞弹性材料本构关系麦克斯韦模型沃伊特-开尔文模型宾厄姆模型奥伊洛特模型幂律模型应力松驰应变史应力史记忆函数衰退记忆应力增长粘度函数相对粘度复态粘度拉伸粘度拉伸流动第一法向应力差第二法向应力差德博拉数魏森贝格数动态模量振荡剪切流宇宙气体动力学等离[子]体动力学电离气体行星边界层泊肃叶-哈特曼流] 哈特曼数生物流变学生物流体生物屈服点生物屈服应力电气体力学铁流体力学血液流变学 ,血液动力学磁流体力学磁流体动力学 ,磁流体动力波磁流体流磁流体动力稳定性生物力学生物流体力学生物固体力学宾厄姆塑性流开尔文体沃伊特体可贴变形可贴曲面边界润滑液膜润滑离心收缩功关节反作用力微循环力学微纤维渗透性生理横截面积农业生物力学纤维度硬皮度胶粘度粘稠度嫩度渗透流易位流蒸腾流过滤阻力压扁风雪流停滞堆积遇阻堆积沙漠地面流沙固定流动阈值通类名词力学牛顿力学经典力学静力学运动学动力学动理学宏观力学细观力学微观力学一般力学固体力学流体力学理论力学应用力学工程力学实验力学计算力学理性力学物理力学地球动力学力作用点作用线力系力系的简化等效力系刚体力的可传性平行四边形定则力三角形力多边形零力系平衡力的平衡平衡条件平衡位置平衡态分析力学拉格朗日乘子拉格朗日[量]拉格朗日括号循环坐标循环积分哈密顿[量]哈密顿函数正则方程正则摄动正则变换正则变量哈密顿原理作用量积分哈密顿雅可比方程作用角度变量阿佩尔方程劳斯方程拉格朗日函数诺特定理泊松括号边界积分法并矢运动稳定性轨道稳定性李雅普诺夫函数渐近稳定性结构稳定性久期不稳定性弗洛凯定理倾覆力矩自由振动固有振动暂态环境振动反共振衰减库仑阻尼同相分量非同相分量超调量参量[激励]振动模糊振动临界转速阻尼器半峰宽度集总参量系统相平面法相轨迹等倾线法跳跃现象负阻尼达芬方程希尔方程方法 , '马蒂厄方程平均法组合音调解谐耗散函数硬激励硬弹簧 ,谐波平衡法久期项自激振动分界线亚谐波软弹簧软激励邓克利公式瑞利定理分布参量系统优势频率模态分析固有模态同步超谐波范德波尔方程频谱基频方法 ,缓冲器风激振动嗡鸣倒谱颤动蛇行阻抗匹配机械导纳机械效率机械阻抗随机振动 , 隔振减振应力过冲喘振摆振起伏运动起伏振荡驰振陀螺动力学陀螺摆陀螺平台陀螺力矩陀螺稳定器陀螺体惯性导航姿态角方位角舒勒周期机器人动力学多体系统多刚体系统机动性凯恩方法转子[系统]动力学转子[一支承一基础]系统静平衡动平衡静不平衡动不平衡现场平衡不平衡不平衡量互耦力挠性转子分频进动半频进动油膜振荡转子临界转速自动定心亚临界转速涡动。
Structuralmechanics中的专业词汇
Structural mecha nics 中的专业词汇PREFACE AND CHAPTER 1Structural mecha nics 结构力学Structural an alysis 结构分析Statically determ in ate structures 静定结构Statically in determinate structures 超静定结构Matrix an alysis of structures 结构矩阵分析Plastic an alysis of structures 结构塑性分析Dyn amic an alysis of structures 构动力分析Illustrative example Problems 习题In civil con structi on 设中Geometric dime nsion结例题在土木工程建几何尺度Framed structure 杆系结构Cross-secti on 横截面Rectan gular cross-sect ion 矩形截面Radius半径Diameter 直径Slab 板Shell 壳Thi n-walled structure 薄壁结构Massive structure 块体结构The same order of magn itude 大小同量级Theory of Elasticity 弹性力学Aspect 方面Application of loads 荷载的作用Forces and deformati ons 力和形变In ternal forces 内力Reaso nable simplicity 合理的简化Computi ng model 计算模型In structural engin eeri ng 在结构工程中Dead loads 静荷载Live loads 活荷载Dy namic loads 动力荷载Movable loads 移动荷载Movi ng loads 运动荷载Static loads 静力荷载Resp onse of a structure 结构响应Blast loads 爆炸荷载Impact loads 冲击荷载Ce ntrifugal force 离心力External effect 外部作用Flexural member 受弯构件Support settleme nt 支座沉陷Tran sverse force 横向力Manu facture discrepa ncy 制造误差Frame框架Shrin kage of material 材料收缩Bend 弯2In gen eralized sense 在广义上Behavior of a structure 结构的行Shear 剪为Tense 拉Members 构件Compress 压Arch 拱Bending moment 弯矩Reacti on 反力Sheari ng force 剪力Truss桁架Normal force 轴力Composite structure 组合结构In ternal force comp onent 内力分Superpositi on prin ciple 叠加原理量Be subjected to 承受……Lateral dime nsion 横向尺寸Lin early 线性地Rein forced con crete beam 钢筋砼Lin early elastic 线弹性的梁In creme nt 增量Engin eeri ng structure 工程结构Be proporti onal to 与…成正比Three dime nsional 三维的Stress 应力Pla nar(pla ne) structure 平面结构Strai n 应变To lie in the same pla ne 处在同CHAPTER 2一平面Geometric stability 几何稳定性Space structure 空间结构Geometrically stable 几何稳定的Simplificati on of supports 支座Un stable system 不稳定体系的简化Degrees of freedom 自由度Restrai nt 约束By defi nition 根据定义Stati onary foun dati on 固定的基础In depe ndent coord in ate 久独立坐标Roller support 辊柱支座（链杆支Pla nar coord in ate system 平面坐标系座）Three dimensional coord in ate system Link support 链杆支座三维（空间）坐标系Perpe ndicular to 垂直于…Rigid body 刚体Hinge support 固疋铰支座Joi nt 节（结）点Horizo ntal 水平的Mutual (relative )displacement 相对Vertical 竖直的位移Be parallel to each other 相互平Be equivale nt to 等价于…行Multiple hi nge 多重铰Displaceme nt 位移Multiple rigid joint 多重刚结点Links 链杆Imposed restra int 施加的约束Rotation 转角，转动In sufficie nt 不足的A couple 一个力偶Sufficie nt 足够的Fixed support 固定支座Redundant多余的Tran slati on 平移Redundant restraint多余约束Isometrically 等距地Arran geme nt of restra ints 约束的布置Respectively 分别地Necessary con dition必要条件Simplificatio n of joi nts 节点的Sufficie nt con dition充分条件简化Geometric con structi on an alysis 几何Hi nge joi nt 铰结构造分析Rigid joi nt 刚结Defin ite con clusion确定的结论Mo nolithic body 整体，一体Substitute into 代入…Beam 梁Assembly 集合Kin ematic an alysis 机动分析A hin ged trian gle 一个铰接三角形Lying on the same straight line 位于同一直线Infin itesimal displaceme nt 无穷小位移Infin itesimal rotati on 无穷小转角In sta ntan eously un stable system 瞬变体系Joi nted pairwise 两两相连的Statically determ in ate multi-spa n beam多跨静定梁In ternal stable 内部稳定的In ternal stability 内部稳定性Disregard 忽视，不考虑AB and CDIntersecting at point O AB 和CD相交于点OInstantaneous centre of rotation 瞬时转动中心In sta ntan eous hinge 瞬铰Static determ inacy 静力确定性Static equilibrium equati on 静力平衡方程Arbitrary cross section 任意横截面Isolated free body 脱离（隔离）体Un ique solution 唯一的解Coupled equation 耦合的方程Con tradictory 矛盾的Infin ite nu mber of soluti ons 无穷多个解Simulta neous equati ons 联立方程In qua ntitative sense 在数量上Project ion equilibrium equati on 投影平衡方程Determi nant method 行列式法则（克莱母法则）Determ inant 行歹U式Coefficie nt of the equati ons 方程未知量的系数Static characteristic 静力特性Space system 空间体系Infin itely far away 无穷远处CHAPTER 3Fun dame ntal基础，基本原理In dividual member 单一的构件Element 单元Resulta nt 合力Axial directi on 轴向3 Axial ten sion 轴向拉伸To the immediate left and tight of P P Positive 正的的左邻和右邻Negative 负的Abrupt cha nge 突变Compression in the upper fibers Abruptly 突然地上边受压In tegral relati on 积分关系Tension in the lower fibers 下边Difference betwee n A and B A 禾口B的差受拉Sum of A and B A 和B 的和Normal direct ion 法向Figure 图形Axis轴线Con struct ion of sheari ng force diagram Clockwise mome nt 顺时针力矩剪力图的绘制Coun ter clockwise mome nt 反时钟Terminal point 终点力矩End couple 杆端力矩Free body 隔离体Dashed line 虚线Sign conven ti on 符号规疋Ordi nate 纵坐标Moment diagram 弯矩图Superimpose 叠力口Ten sile side of a member 构件的Con cave parabola 下凸抛物线受拉边Corresp onding ordin ate 相应的纵坐标Method of section 截面法Similar tria ngle 相似三角形Mon olithic system 整体系统In cli ned member 斜杆Algebraic sum 代数和Per meter 每米Magnitude 大小Curved member 曲杆Moments about the centroid of Tangen tial direct ion 切向cross section 对截面中心的力矩Normal direct ion 法向Mathematical relation 数学关系Curvature radius 曲率半径In ternal force diagram 内力图Infini tesimally small 无穷小Differe ntial eleme nt 微分单元Approach to infinity 趋于无穷As in dicated 正如所示Radial distributed 径向分布的Distributed loads 分布荷载Arc弧Inten sity 集度Basic stable porti on 基本部分Summing moments about an axis Subsidiary portio n 附属部分through the left hand face of the Symmetrical 对称的element关于穿过该单兀左截面的Un symmetrical 非对称的某轴求力矩之和Horiz on tal thrust 水平推力Higher-order term 高阶项Con struct M and Q diagrams 绘制M和QA segme nt —段图Rightward 向右CHAPTER 4Dow nward 向下Statically determ in ate multispa n beam Separately 分别地静定多跨连续梁Slope斜率Static method 静力法Extreme moment 极值弯矩Co nstitue nt 组成的Curvature 曲率Can tilever beam 悬臂梁Un iformly distributed 均匀分布Similarly 同样地（同理）Linear fun ctio n 线性函数Overha ng beam 伸臂梁In cli ned straight line 斜直线Simple supported beam 简支梁Quadratic function 二次函数Method of virtual work 虚功法Parabolic curve 抛物线Ki nematic method 机动法Con cave下凸的Prin ciple of virtual displaceme nt 虚Concen trated load 集中何载位移原理4In creme ntal relati on 增量关系Prin ciple of virtual work 虚功原理Virtual displaceme nt 虚位移Con siste nt with 与…相容的Mecha nism 机构Virtual work equati on 虚功方程Unknown未知的Projectio n along the force 在力方向上的投影Product of magn itude of the forceand the magn itude of the displaceme nt 力的大小与位移大小的乘积An gular displaceme nt 角位移Corresp onding displaceme nt 相应的位移Substitute for 替换…Infin itesimal virtual displaceme nt无穷小虚位移In this circumsta nee 在这种情况下Deflect 偏转Equal in magn itude but opposite in direction 大小相等方向相反In structive 有启发的CHAPTER 5Pinned joi nt 铰接Subscript 下标Con trol section 控制截面Foun dati on 基础Order of calculation 求解顺序Differential relation between M and external loads M 和外力的微分关系Tension in the right fiber 右边纤维受拉Reserve 保留End bending mome nt 杆端弯矩Sign in dicati on 符号标定Associate sheari ng force 相应的剪力Keep bala nee 保持平衡Uniformly distributed loads 均布荷载Satisfacti on of the project ion equilibrium equati ons 平衡方程的满足Control ordi nate 控制坐标Be perpe ndicular to 垂直于…CHAPTER 6Span of an arch 拱跨Rise of an arch 拱的矢高Symmetrical axis 对称轴Horizo ntal thrust 水平推力A three arched arch with a tie 拉杆三铰拱Flatte n out 变平Arbitrary cross section 任意截面Axis of abscissa 横坐标轴First derivative 一阶导数Co nic parabola 二次抛物线Tabulate 把…制成表格Table表格Colu mn 列The cipher of column 9 第9 列的值Lay off 画出…Masonry con struct ion 砌石建筑Abutment底座，桥墩Line of pressure 压力线Resulta nt 合力By graphical method 利用几何法Force Polygon 力多边形Pole极点In tersect ion point 交点Funi cular polygo n 索多边形Polygon of resulta nts 合力多边形Action line for resulta nt 23 合力23的作用线Respective stri ng 各自的索线In direct proporti on to 正比于…Optimal cen tre line of arch 合理拱轴线Theoretical volume 理论值Primarilystati onary load 主要由固定荷载作用Reckon from 从…开始算Con figurati on 形状As a con seque nee 结果，因而Hydraulic pressure 静水压力Circulararc 圆弧A curve of circular arc 圆弧曲线Bisector 二等分线，平分线Annu lar shape 圆环状Un der earth pressure 在土压力作用下Crow n hinge 顶铰Un der this circumsta nee 在这种情况下Differe ntiate with respect to x关于x求导Differe ntial equatio n 微分方程Hyperbolic fun ction 双曲函数Boundary con diti on 边界条件Whe nee据此，由此Catenoid 悬链线5Cable吊索Suspe nsion system 悬挂体系A series of lin ear segme nts —系歹U直线段Distortio n 变形Deflection 挠度Sag下垂度Assumption 假定Unknown force 未知力CHAPTER 7Conn ected by pins 用铰连接Tower 塔Roof structure 屋架（屋面）结构Frict ionl ess pin 光滑铰Two-force member 二力杆Heavy bolted joi nt 强螺栓连接节点Welded joi nt 焊接节点Primary stress 主要应力Subsidiary stress 次要（附加）应力Topchord 上弦杆Bottom chord 下弦杆web member 腹杆Diag on als and verticals 斜杆和竖杆Panel point 节点Panel节间Through truss 穿越（下承式）桁架Desk truss 上承式桁架Simple truss 简单桁架In alphabetical order 以字母顺序Compo und truss 联合桁架Rigid framework 刚性构架Non parallel noncon curre nt links 不相互平行也不相交于一点的链杆Cross-hatched 画阴影线的Complex truss 复杂桁架Joint method 节点法Secti on method 截面法con curre nt forces 汇交力系Expedie nt 方便的In active member 零杆Mome nt centre 力矩中心Projectio n axis 投影轴线Pass a secti on 做一个截面Excepti onal member 单杆Subdivided truss 再分式桁架In flue nee coefficie nt 影响系数Decreme nt 减量Sub-diago nal 辅助（次）斜杆Dimension 量纟冈Reverse 逆Sub-vertical 辅助（次）竖杆Dimensionless 无量纲的6 Reverse condition (d) 条件(d)的逆Sub-truss 辅助（次，子）桁架Expressi on 表达式The peak of the tria ngular in flue neeSub-member辅助（次）杆Most un favorable positi on 最不利diagram三角形影响图的顶点Sub-joi nt 辅助（次）节点位置Numerically greatest 数量上最大的Horseshoe-shaped 马蹄形的Behavior of the structure 结构的Extreme value 极值Graphical method 作图法行为Vertexes of the in flue nee diagram 影Algebraic method 代数方法Con struct ing in flue nee line 作影响图的顶点vertex of the polygon 多边形的顶点响线Absolute maximum bending mome nt 绝对arrow of a force 力的箭头In flue nee line for internal force 最大弯矩successively 连续地内力影响线Derivative 导数by scali ng 通过度量Virtual work 虚功Equidista nt 等距离的repetiti onal work 重复性的工作Prin ciple of virtual work 虚功原Without any loads going on or off the suppleme nt 补充理span没有任何何载进入和离开梁跨method of substitute member 替换杆Abscissa横坐标 A continu ous fun cti on of x x 的连续函法Sign in dicati on 符号标注数method of in itial parameter 初参数To draw in flue nee line 画影响线Mid-po int of the spa n 跨中法To be confined to 被限制在Midpo int of the spa n 跨中closed loop 闭合圈Floor beam 楼面梁Dan gerous section 危险截面space truss 空间桁架Girder 大梁，主梁Crane beam 吊车梁dome圆屋顶Floor slab 楼板En velope for bending mome nt 弯矩包罗derrick 塔架Without ambiguity 显然图spherical hinge 球形铰Elim in at ing a n ecessary restrai nt En velope for sheari ng force 剪力包罗trian gular pyramid 三棱锥，1 四面形，去除一个必要的约束图四面体Infin itesimal virtual An arbitrary sect ion —个任意截面odd member 单杆displaceme nt 无穷小虚位移In flue nee diagram 影响图colli near 在同一直线上的Vertical scale 竖标Desig nated qua ntity 指定量值forego ing discussi on 前述的讨论Relative an gular displaceme nt 相Bound of the bending mome nt variati on beam member 梁式杆对角位移弯矩变化的边界flexural member 受弯杆Relative tran sverse displaceme nt CHAPTER 9composite joint 复合节点相对横向位移In structural desig n 在结构设计中self-equilibrium force system 自平 A unit tran sverse sliding Elastic displaceme nt 弹性位移衡力系displaceme nt —个单位横向滑动位In determi nate structure 超静定结构statically equivale nt load 静力等移Most versatile method 最通用的方法效何载In tact 未动的，完好的Uni t load method 单位何载法girder 桁架梁Three hin ged arch 三铰拱Reciprocal theorem 互等定理parallel chord truss 平行弦桁架 A corresp onding simple beam 一个Illustration of unit load method 单位non- parallel chord truss 非平行弦相应的简支梁荷载法的例子桁架Critical position 临界位置Supported settleme nt 支座沉降roof truss 屋面桁架Most severe effect 最不利的影响Lin eardiplaceme nt (tra nslati on) 线位arched truss 拱桁架（桁架拱）Trial aided 试算移polygo nal li ne truss 折线桁架By use of criteria 利用判据 A compatible displaceme nt 相容性位移desig nated member 指定的杆Sta ndard truck 标准卡车Fictitious=virtual 虚的absolute value 绝对值Average loads 平均何载Virtual force 虚力CHAPTER 8 In equality 不等式Appropriate choice 适当的选择In flue nee line 影响线Critical load position 临界何载Sectio ns adjace nt to hin ge C 铰C 的相Most severe internal forces 最不利位置邻截面内力In creme nt 增量 A un it virtual load —个单位竖向位移A pair of un it couple Real work 实功 An elastic prismatic bar 等截面杆 Elasticity modulus Cross-secti on area Generalized force Gen eralized displaceme nt 广义位移Statically in terdepe ndent forces 静力相关力系Corresp ondinggen eralizeddisplaceme nt 相应的广义位移 The angle of rotation0 转角 B 7External work 夕卜（力）功 Internal work 内（力）功To be ide ntical to 与… A differe ntial eleme nt 元 Differe ntial virtual work Strain energy 应变能 Virtual stai n en ergy Lin ear elastic structure 构 In ternal virtual work Con servati on law of en ergy 恒定理External real work 外力实功 The in verse of the curvature radius 曲率半径的倒数 Compatible relati ons Vanish 趋于零 iden tityrelati on un it virtual force virtual forcesystem real displaceme nt real strain comp onents an actual geometrical problem 实际的几何问题a fictitious equilibrium problem 个虚平衡问题differe nee of temperature coefficie nt of thermal expa nsion 度膨胀系数 axial strain 轴向应变likewise 同理saggi ng sense 下凸的 mome nt of in ertia 惯性矩 axial rigidity抗拉压刚度shearing rigidity flexural rigidity prin cipalaxis截面主轴 twisti ng mome nt twisti ng an glediffere ntial segme nt torsional con sta ntsection 截面扭转常数neutral axis 中性轴 area moment 面积矩 con crete member 砼凝土构件 steel member 钢构件 Poisson ratio 泊松比 depth-spa n ratio 高跨比 to be inversely proportional 与……成反比 in paren theses在括号中graph multiplicatio n 图乘法 the moment of the differential area with respect to y axis微分面积对y 轴的矩 magn itude of areas 面积的大小locatio n of their cen troids它们的形心位置 3d-degree parabola 3 additi onal proviso rein forced con crete cross-sect ional dime nsion 尺寸 elasto-plastic behaviour 弹塑性 行为 reduction factor折减系数a pair of concen trated un it loads 一对单位集中力 reciprocal theorem 互等定理 theoremofreciprocaldisplaceme nts 位移互等定理 theorem of reciprocalreactions反力互等定理 react ion in flue nee 反力影响系数 theorem of displaceme nt-react ion 互等定理support moveme nt 支座移动 to develop a gen eral formula 导通用公式 column 柱 CHAPTER 10 Force method 力法 Method of consistent deformation —致变形法Redundant structure Unknown force 未知力 Compatibility con diti ons Redundant unknown force Degree of in determi nacy In ternally in determi nate Primary system 基本体系Primary unknowns 基本未知量 Passive force Active force Incon siste ncy Embody 体现 Superimpose Flexibility coefficie nt Canoni cal equati on Propped can tilever beam 梁，有支（承）伸臂梁 Highly in determi nate structures 超静定结构8Square matrix 方阵 Symmetrical component对称分量An tisymmetrical comp onent 反对称分量Asymmetrical 不对称的 Inflection point 反弯点 Odd nu mber of spa n 奇数跨 Even nu mber of spa n 偶数跨 Method of elastic cen ter弹性中心法Rigid arm 刚臂 Hin geless arch 无铰拱 Numerator 分子 Denomin ator 分母 Quotie nt 商 Central an gle 中心角Non prismatic member 变截面杆（构件） Trapezoid formula 梯形公式 Parabolic formula抛物线公式Reacta nt bending mome nt 抵抗弯矩 Stiffness factor 刚度系数 Non yieldi ng support 刚性支座Lack of fit 误差Redundant beam 超静定梁 Qualitative in flue nee li ne 定性影响线 Quan titative in flue nee line 定量影响线CHAPTER 11一对单位力偶 一个弹性弹性模量 横截面面积 广义力••一致（样） 一个微分单 微分虚功 内力虚功能量守虚应变能线弹性结 相容关系恒等关系式 单位虚力 虚力系 实位移实应变分量温差一个抗剪刚度 抗弯刚度 of cross sect ion 扭矩 扭转角微分段 of the crossto次抛物线 附加条件 钢砼横截面coefficie ntsreciprocal 反力位移超静定结构相容性条件 多余未知力 超静定度 内部超静定被动力 主动力n.不相容性，不一致性叠加 柔度系数 标准方程 有支（承）悬高阶Slope-Deflection method 位移法（转角位移法）Displaceme nt method 位移法Mome nt distributi on method 弯矩分配法Varying section 变截面Slope-deflecti on equati on 转角位移方程Rotatio n stiffness 转动刚度Slidely fixed 双链杆支座的Alo ngside 在旁边的Analogy模拟，类比Portal frame 门形刚架Bent frame 排架Sideway 侧移Notion=con ceptStiffness matrix 刚度矩阵Coefficient of thermal expansion 温度膨胀系数CHAPTER 12Systematic approach 系统化的方法Matrix algebra 矩阵代数Routi nely programmed 常规地编程discretizati on 离散化beam eleme nt 梁单元truss eleme nt 桁架单元flexural eleme nt 弯曲单元eleme nt an alysis 单元分析global an alysis 整体分析no dal displaceme nt vector . 节点位移向量no dal resulta nt vector 节点力向量global stiffness equati on 整体刚度方程gover ning equati on 控制方程end force 杆端力end displaceme nt 杆端位移stiffness matrix 刚度方程starti ng point 起点terminal point 终点the four en tries 4 项orie nted in positive coord in ate directio n 指向坐标轴的正方向subvector 子向量main diag onal 主对角线main coefficients 主元素（主系数）sec on dary coefficie nts 副系数sin gular 奇异的determ inant 行歹U式ide ntity matrix 恒等矩阵submatrix 子矩阵stiffness method 刚度法no dal displaceme nt vector 节点位node number 节点编号9 local nu mber局部码local code nu mber 局部编码global code nu mber 整体编码en circled superscript 画圈的上标a sparse matrix 一个稀疏矩阵a ban ded matrix 一个带状矩阵semi-ba ndwidth 半带宽loadi ng con ditions 荷载条件support arran geme nt 支座布置CHAPTER 13Method of mome nt distributi on 弯矩分配法A procedure of successive approximation —个逐步近似的过程Joint tran slati on 节点平移Rotatio nal stiffness 转动刚度Distribution factor 分配系数Fraction of total mome nt 总弯矩的百分比The ratio of the far end moment to the n earend mome nt 远端弯矩与近端弯矩的比值Carry-over factor 传递系数Basic moment distributionprocess 基本的弯矩分配过程An exter nal n o dal moment —个外加的节点弯矩Artificial restrai nt 人为的约束在锁定状态释放弯矩Elim in at ing the artificialrestrai nt解除人为约束Carry-over mome nt 传递弯矩in verse of the matrix 矩阵的逆the orig in of the system 坐标系的原点transformation matrix 坐标转换矩阵移向量in the assembly 在集成过程中element contribution matrix 单元贡献矩阵global stiffness matrix 整体刚度矩阵gover ning equati on 控制方程equivale nt no dal loads 等效节点何载non-no dal loads 非节点何载artificial rotation restraint 人为的转动约束post-process ing method 后处理法pre-process ing method 前处理法pla ne truss 平面桁架coord in ate tran sformation坐标变换Successive cycle逐次的计算循环of computationUnbalaneed moment 非平衡弯矩Distribution moment at the near end 在近端的分配弯矩At the far end 在远端In the lock stateUn locki ng moment。
结构力学（土木工程专业）英语专业词汇
结构力学（土木工程专业）英语专业词汇《结构力学》（土木工程专业）英文专业词汇序号英文中文1structure结构2Structural analysis结构分析3structure of bar system杆件结构4structural system composed of bar杆系结构5massive structure实体结构6plate and shell structures板壳结构7structural compute diagram结构计算简图8joint or node结点9hinge joint铰结点10rigid joint刚结点11hinge support铰支座12hinged bearing铰支承13hinged movable support铰接活动支座14roller support滚轴支座15fixed support固定支座16load荷载17static load（dead load）静力荷载18live load活荷载19linear load线荷载20Lateral load横向荷载21symmetrical load对称荷载22antisymmetrical load反对称荷载23dynamic load动力荷载24beam梁25simple-supported beam简支梁26continuous beam连续梁27cantilever beam悬臂梁28haunched beam变截面梁29frame框架30Plane frame平面框架31rigid framed structure刚架结构32arch拱33truss桁架34truss arch拱形桁架35truss spacing桁架间距36truss span桁架跨度37composite structure组合结构38rigid body刚体39geometrically stable system几何不变体系40geometrically unstable system几何可变体系41frequentation unstable system常变体系42instantaneous unstable system瞬变体系43degree of freedom自由度44constraint or restraint约束45simple hinge单铰46connection link链杆47simple rigid joint单刚结点48virtual hinge虚铰49necessary constraint必要约束50superfluous constraint多余约束51statically determinate structure静定结构52Statically indeterminate structure超静定结构53internal force内力54bending moment弯矩55moment distribution力矩分配56moment equilibrium力矩平衡57shear force剪力58negative shear force负剪力59axial force轴力60shear diagram剪力图61multi-span statically determinate beam多跨静定梁62statically determinate plane frame静定平面刚架63fundamental part基本部分64accessory part附属部分65plane truss平面桁架66simple truss简单桁架67combined truss联合桁架68complicated truss复杂桁架69self-internal force自内力70method of joint结点法71joint load结点荷载72symmetrical structure对称结构73Load point荷载作用点74Point of inflexion反弯点/拐点75symmetry对称性76zero bar零杆77push force推力78two hinged arch双铰拱79three-hinged arch三铰拱80hingless arch无铰拱81trussed rafter桁架拱82arch axis拱轴83reasonable axis of arch合理拱轴84arch action拱作用85arch pressure拱压力86arch rise拱高87arch thrust拱推力88principle of virtual work虚功原理89principle of virtual force虚力原理90displacement位移91deformation变形92deflection挠度93deflection angle转角94generalized displacement广义位移95generalized force广义力96unit load method单位荷载法97method of graph multiplication图乘法98reciprocal theorem of work功的互等定理99displacement coefficient位移系数100flexibility coefficient柔度系数101stiffness coefficient刚度系数102reciprocal theorem of displacement位移互等定理103reaction force coefficient反力系数104force method力法105degree of indeterminacy超静定次数106fundamental system基本体系107fundamental structure基本结构108fundamental unknown基本未知量（力）109equation of force method力法方程110flexibility matrix柔度矩阵111stiffness matrix刚度矩阵112displacement method位移法113joint rotation displacement结点角位移114joint translation displacement结点线位移115slope-deflection equation转角位移方程116stiffness equation刚度方程117element单元118line stiffness线刚度119lateral displacement stiffness of structure结构侧移刚度120fixed-end moment固定弯矩121fixed-end shear force固定剪力122rigid frame without sideway无侧移刚架123rigid frame with sideway有侧移刚架124method of moment distribution力矩分配法125rotational stiffness转动刚度126distribution factor分配系数127carry-over factor传递系数128rigid arm刚臂129moving load移动荷载130influence line影响线131influence factor影响系数132influence line of internal force内力影响线133static method静力法134kinematics method机动法135the most unfavorable load position最不利荷载位置136envelope of bending moment弯矩包络图137envelope of internal force内力包络图138matrix displacement method矩阵位移法139element analysis单元分析140global analysis整体分析141stiffness matrix刚度矩阵142matrix analysis of structures结构矩阵分析143transformation of coordinates坐标转换144element localization vector单元定位向量145element end force matrix单元杆端力矩阵146element end displacement matrix 单元杆端位移矩阵147element stiffness matrix单元刚度矩阵148element stiffness equation单元刚度方程149assembledstiffness matrix整体刚度矩阵150assembled stiffness equation整体刚度方程151equivalent nodal load等效结点荷载152pretreatment method先处理法153post treatment method后处理法154d′Alembert′s principle达朗伯原理155period load周期荷载156harmonic load简谐荷载157impulsive load冲击荷载158random load随机荷载159free vibration自由振动160stiffness method刚度法161flexibility method柔度法162single degree of freedom system单自由度体系163circular frequency圆频率164frequency频率165period周期166amplitude of vibration振幅167forced vibration强迫振动168resonance共振169Duhamel′s integral杜哈梅积分170suddenly applied constant load突加荷载171magnification factor动力系数172spectrum of magnification factor动力系数反应谱173damping阻尼174viscous damping force粘滞阻尼力175critical damping coefficient临界阻尼常数176critical state临界状态177damping ratio阻尼比178normal mode shape主振型（振型）179normalized mode shape标准化主振型180first frequency第一频率181first mode shape第一振型182fundamental frequency基本频率183fundamental mode shape基本振型184frequency equation频率方程185characteristic equation特征方程186mass matrix质量矩阵187orthogonality of normal modes主振型的正交性188energy method能量法189Law of conservation of energy能量守恒定律190Rayleigh method瑞利法191shape function形状函数192infinite degree of freedom system无限自由度体系193method of lumped mass集中质量法。
结构力学主题英语
26, notion ['nəʊʃ(ə)n]
n. 概念；见解；打算
27, 基本形式
fundamental form
28, basic approach
基本方法
29, procedure [prə'siːdʒə]
n. 程序，手续；步骤
30, process ['prəʊses]
vt. 模拟；塑造；模仿
vi. 做模型；做模特儿
n. (Model)人名；(德、俄、英)莫德尔
8, 单参数法
one-parameter method
9, parameter [pə'ræmɪtə]
n. 参数；系数；参量
parameter: 参数 | 参量 | 指标参数
10, single parameter
单参数
single parameign
12, plastic design
[塑料] 塑性设计
13, 理想弹塑性材料
[材] elastic-perfectly plastic material
14, ideal [aɪ'dɪəl; aɪ'diːəl]
1, single-span beam
single-span beam: 单跨梁
2, calculate ['kælkjʊleɪt]
vt. 计算；预测；认为；打算
vi. 计算；以为；作打算
3, judge [dʒʌdʒ]
n. 法官；裁判员
vt. 判断；审判
vi. 审判；判决
n. (Judge)人名；(英)贾奇
结构工程英语
【分享】结构工程常用词汇混凝土：concrete钢筋：reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构：reinforced concrete structure板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs刚度：rigidity徐变：creep水泥：cement钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement 梁：beam柱：column板：slab剪力墙：shear wall基础：foundation剪力：shear剪切变形：shear deformation剪切模量：shear modulus拉力：tension压力：pressure延伸率：percentage of elongation位移：displacement应力：stress应变：strain应力集中：concentration of stresses应力松弛：stress relaxation应力图：stress diagram应力应变曲线：stress-strain curve应力状态：state of stress钢丝：steel wire箍筋：hoop reinforcement箍筋间距：stirrup spacing加载：loading抗压强度：compressive strength抗弯强度：bending strength抗扭强度：torsional strength抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack屈服：yield 屈服点：yield point屈服荷载：yield load屈服极限：limit of yielding屈服强度：yield strength屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield荷载：load横截面：cross section承载力：bearing capacity承重结构：bearing structure弹性模量：elastic modulus预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressed reinforced concrete预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement 预应力损失：loss of prestress预制板：precast slab现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast-in-place reinforced concrete双向配筋：two-way reinforcement主梁：main beam次梁：secondary beam弯矩：moment悬臂梁：cantilever beam延性：ductileity受弯构件：member in bending受拉区：tensile region受压区：compressive region塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axial pressure轴向拉力：axial tension吊车梁：crane beam可靠性：reliability粘结力：cohesive force外力：external force弯起钢筋：bent-up bar弯曲破坏：bending failure屋架：roof truss素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete无梁楼盖：flat slab配筋率：reinforcement ratio配箍率：stirrup ratio泊松比：Poisson’s ratio偏心受拉：eccentric tension偏心受压：eccentric compression 偏心距：eccentric distance 疲劳强度：fatigue strength 偏心荷载：eccentric load 跨度：span跨高比：span-to-depth ratio 跨中荷载：midspan load框架结构：frame structure集中荷载：concentrated load 分布荷载：distribution load 分布钢筋：distribution steel 挠度：deflection设计荷载：design load设计强度：design strength 构造：construction简支梁：simple beam截面面积：area of section 浇注：pouring浇注混凝土：concreting 钢筋搭接：bar splicing 刚架：rigid frame脆性：brittleness脆性破坏：brittle failure混凝土：concrete钢筋：reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构：reinforced concrete structure板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs刚度：rigidity徐变：creep水泥：cement钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement 梁：beam柱：column板：slab剪力墙：shear wall基础：foundation剪力：shear剪切变形：shear deformation剪切模量：shear modulus拉力：tension压力：pressure延伸率：percentage of elongation位移：displacement应力：stress应变：strain应力集中：concentration of stresses应力松弛：stress relaxation应力图：stress diagram应力应变曲线：stress-strain curve应力状态：state of stress钢丝：steel wire 箍筋：hoop reinforcement箍筋间距：stirrup spacing加载：loading抗压强度：compressive strength抗弯强度：bending strength抗扭强度：torsional strength抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack屈服：yield屈服点：yield point屈服荷载：yield load屈服极限：limit of yielding屈服强度：yield strength屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield荷载：load横截面：cross section承载力：bearing capacity承重结构：bearing structure弹性模量：elastic modulus预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressed reinforced concrete预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement 预应力损失：loss of prestress预制板：precast slab现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast-in-place reinforced concrete双向配筋：two-way reinforcement主梁：main beam次梁：secondary beam弯矩：moment悬臂梁：cantilever beam延性：ductileity受弯构件：member in bending 受拉区：tensile region受压区：compressive region 塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axial pressure 轴向拉力：axial tension 吊车梁：crane beam可靠性：reliability粘结力：cohesive force外力：external force弯起钢筋：bent-up bar弯曲破坏：bending failure屋架：roof truss素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete 无梁楼盖：flat slab 配筋率：reinforcement ratio配箍率：stirrup ratio泊松比：Poisson’s ratio偏心受拉：eccentric tension偏心受压：eccentric compression 偏心距：eccentric distance疲劳强度：fatigue strength偏心荷载：eccentric load 跨度：span跨高比：span-to-depth ratio 跨中荷载：midspan load框架结构：frame structure集中荷载：concentrated load 分布荷载：distribution load 分布钢筋：distribution steel 挠度：deflection设计荷载：design load设计强度：design strength 构造：construction简支梁：simple beam 截面面积：area of section 浇注：pouring浇注混凝土：concreting 钢筋搭接：bar splicing 刚架：rigid frame 脆性：brittleness脆性破坏：brittle failure。
结构专业常用英语词汇
结构专业常⽤英语词汇结构专业常⽤英语词汇1. ⼀般术语房屋建筑⼯程building engineering ⼟⽊⼯程civil engineering 建构筑物construction works 结构structure基础foundation地基ground; foundation soils ⽊结构timber structure 砌体结构masonry structure 钢结构steel structure 混凝⼟结构concrete structure 特种结构special engineering structure房屋建筑building⼯业建筑industrial building 民⽤建筑civil building⽔⼯建筑物marine structure 剪⼒墙结构shear wall structure 混合结构mixed structure 板柱结构slab-column system 框架结构frame structure 壳结构shell structure 拱结构arch strucuture桁架结构truss⽹架结构space grid structure 悬索结构cable-suspended structure 框架-剪⼒墙结构frame-shear wallstructure筒体结构tube structure ⾼耸结构high-rise structure 斜拉桥cable stayed bridge 悬索桥suspension bridge 桁架桥trussed bridge 拱桥arch bridge 引桥approach span 桥墩pier 隧道tunnel 混凝⼟坝concrete dam 渠道channel2. 结构构件构件member 部件component; assembly parts 梁beam截⾯section 板slab; plate 柱column 墙wall 壳shell 桁架truss框架frame刚架rigid frame排架bent frame简⽀梁 simply supported beam 悬臂梁cantilever beam 连续梁continuous beam 叠合梁superposed beam 伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint 截⽔沟(天沟)catch ditch;intercepting channel 排⽔沟 drainage ditch 护坡slope protection;revetment 挡⼟墙retaining wall ⽌⽔sealing; seal;节点joint 桩pile沉降缝settlement joint 防震缝aseismic joint施⼯缝construction joint基础梁foundation beam桩承台pile cap; bearing platform底板 bottom slab⽔池顶板basin top slab现浇墙板cast-in-place wall panel预制墙板pre-cast wall panel钢筋混凝⼟框架reinforced concreteframe钢筋混凝⼟柱reinforced concretecolumn先张法预应⼒混凝⼟管桩pretensioned spunconcrete piles钢筋混凝⼟现浇板cast-in-placereinforced concreteslab斜梁 stringer平台梁 beams of platform⼥⼉墙 parapet⼈孔盖板 manhole cover集⽔坑catchment pit溢流槽 flood relief channel 爬梯 ladder⽜腿 bracket仪表槽盒⽀架instrument trench support电缆⽀架cable trench support ⽀撑brace⽀架support3. 结构材料预埋件embedded plate钢板steel plate钢圆环 steel ring plate⾬⽔篦⼦板 rain water grating 钢筋reinforcing bar I 级 grade I热轧光圆钢筋hot rolled plainsteel bars热轧带肋钢筋hot rolled ribbedsteel bars插筋anchor rebar钢筋锚固长度bond length of rebars钢筋搭接bar splicing箍筋stirrup纵向钢筋longitudinal bar弯起钢筋bent-up bar钢筋间距rod spacing;bar spacing搭接长度overlapping length胀锚螺栓 expansion bolts螺母nut锚栓anchor bolt地脚螺栓foundation boltM30六⾓螺帽M30 six angle screw cap外露100，丝扣80outcrop 100mm，thread 80mm 垫⽚ washer C40混凝⼟C40 concrete: class 40早强剂early-strength admixture细⽯混凝⼟fine aggregate concrete防冻附加剂antifreeze admixture配合⽐mixture ratio抗渗等级P8 seepage class:抗压强度compression strength混凝⼟保护层厚度minimum concrete cover普通硅酸盐⽔泥ordinary portland cement 砂sand卵⽯pebble碎⽯crushed stone砾⽯gravel⾻料aggregate⽔泥cement粘⼟砖clay brick 垫层cushion4. 地基基础扩展基础spread foundation地基ground,foundation soils 刚性基础rigid foundation 独⽴基础single footing 联合基础combined footing 条形基础strip founcation 壳体基础shell foundation 箱形基础box foundation 筏形基础raft foundation 桩基础pile foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation ⼤直径桩基础cylinder pile foundation ⼟岩组合地基soil-rock composite ground地基允许变形值allowable subsoil deformation地基处理ground treatment 复合地基composite foundation 强夯dynamic compaction ⽀档结构retaining structure 基坑⼯程excavation engineering ⾼应变动⼒检测high strain dynamic testing of piles 单桩竖向抗压静载试验vertical compression bearing capacity static test for single pile 单桩⽔平静载试验lateral bearing capacitystatic test for single pile 单桩竖向抗拔静载试验vertical up-lifting bearing capacitystatic test for single pile 单桩竖向抗压极限承载⼒vertical ultimatecompress bearing capacity of a singlepile 桩侧摩阻⼒skin friction resistance 桩顶⽔平位移lateral displacement 桩端阻⼒end bearing resistance 单桩静载试验static test of single pile 单桩⽔平极限承载⼒ultimate lateral bearing capacity for a single pile 单桩竖向抗拔极限承载⼒ultimate vertical up-lifting bearing capacityfor a single pile 素填⼟ Plain Fill 粉⼟ Silt 粉质粘⼟ Silty Clay 淤泥质粉质粘⼟Sludgy Silty Clay 粉砂Silty Sand ⾼压缩性 high compressibility 中粗砂medium sand 中等压缩性 medium compressibility 中细砂fine sand 低压缩性 low compressibility 可塑~硬塑状态 plastic-hard plastic 泥质粉砂岩 Muddy Silty stone 流塑状态 flow plastic 粉砂质泥岩 Silty mudstone 局部软塑状态 partly soft plastic 泥岩 Mudstone 饱和saturated 强风化 high weathered 松散incompact 中等风化 medium weathered 轻微裂缝 slight defective pile 断桩 breakage of pile 桩⾝完整 pile of body integrity 缩颈 pile diameter reduction 缺陷 defect 压缩系数coefficient of compressibility 渗流seepage flow 内聚⼒（粘聚⼒） cohesion5. 钢结构钢结构 steel structure底漆 paint primer涂层 coating中间漆intermediate painting 油漆，涂料 paint⾯漆 finish coat流坠 hanging透底 disclosure皱⽪ wrinkle漏涂 miss painting返锈 rust again漆膜厚度 film thickness结构构件 structural member垂直⽀撑vertical bracing桁架 truss⼩⽴柱 postWA325钢格栅板 WA325 grating斜梁 stringer踏步板 treads钢梯 steel stairway踏步钢格板 grating for stair tread斜梯栏杆 guard rails不锈钢栏杆 stainless steel handrail预制场地 prefabrication area 平台栏杆 GR of platform原材料 raw material半成品 semi-finished goods除锈 remove rust, cleaning 切割 cutting喷砂 sand blasting打磨坡⼝ grinding型钢 section steel热轧⼯字钢hot-rolled I-beam steel热轧钢板 hot-rolled plates热轧不等边⾓钢hot-rolled unequal-legangle steel热轧等边⾓钢hot-rolled equal-legangle steel热轧H型钢hot-rolled H steel热轧槽钢hot-rolled channel steel ⽆缝钢管 seamless steel pipes扁钢 strap steel 不锈钢板 stainless steel plate垂直度 verticality分⽚组装be assembled by sections现场成框 framed at site焊缝 weld seam V型坡⼝V-type bevel焊缝⾼度 weld height焊枪 welding gun焊缝长度 weld length焊机 welding machine⽓焊 gas welding 焊炬 welding torch电焊 electric welding ⾃动和半⾃动电弧焊automatic andsemi-automatic welding ⼿⼯焊 hand welding对焊 butt welding 焊条weld rod, electrode ⾓焊缝 fillet 间断焊接 gap welding 咬边 undercut 针孔 pinhole 夹渣 slag裂纹 crack烧穿 burning out 漏焊 losing welding 弧坑 concavity 未焊透lack of fusion 打磨 grind⽕焰切割 torch cutting 喷砂除锈The sand blasting 机械钻孔drill by machine预拉⼒ prestressed ⾼强度⼤六⾓头螺栓Set of big hexagonalhigh-strength bolt 抗滑移系数Slide coefficient of faying surface 扭矩系数torsional moment coefficient终拧扭矩final torsional moment6. 荷载、强度、可靠度剪⼒shear 剪切变形shear deformation压⼒pressure 延伸率percentage of elongation 剪切模量shear modulus 拉⼒tension 应⼒stress 应变strain应⼒集中concentration of stress 应⼒松弛stress relaxation 应⼒图stress diagram 应⼒状态state of stress位移 displacement 弹性变形 elastic deformation 变形 deformation 塑性变形 plastic deformation 应变 strain 剪应变 shear strain 线应变 linear strain 主应变 principal strain 轴向⼒ normal force 主应⼒ principal stress 正应⼒ normal stress 预应⼒prestress应⼒应变曲线stress-strain curve 裂缝crack抗压强度compressive strength 抗弯强度bending strength 抗扭强度torsional strength 抗拉强度tensile strength 屈服yield屈服点yield point屈服荷载yield load 屈服极限limit of yielding 屈服强度yield strength 屈服强度下限lower limit of yield 荷载load横截⾯section, cross 承载⼒bearing capacity 承重结构bearing structure 弹性模量elastic modulus 塑性plasticity延性ductileity受弯构件member in bending轴向拉⼒axial tension受拉区tensile region可靠性reliability受压区compressive region粘结⼒cohesive force配筋率reinforcement ratio偏⼼受拉eccentric tension配箍率stirrup ratio偏⼼受压eccentric compression泊松⽐Poisson’s ratio偏⼼距eccentric distance跨度span疲劳强度fatigue strength跨⾼⽐span-to-depth ratio偏⼼荷载eccentric load设计限值 limiting design value截⾯宽度 breadth of section截⾯⾼度 height of section截⾯厚度 thickness of section截⾯直径 diameter of section截⾯⾯积 area of section截⾯周长 perimeter of section截⾯模量（抵抗矩） section modulus截⾯惯性矩 second moment of area截⾯极惯性矩polar second moment of area 截⾯回转半径 radius of gyration长细⽐slenderness ratio偏⼼矩 eccentricity偏⼼率 relative ecdentricity振动 vibration⾃振频率 natural frequency加速度 acceleration振周期natural period of vibration 频率 frequency振幅 amplitude of vibration⾃由度 degree of freedom振型 mode of vibration阻尼 damp共振 resonance强迫振动 forced vibration设计荷载design load挠度deflection设计强度design strength构造construction脆性破坏brittle failure延性破坏ductile failure可靠性 reliability适⽤性 serviceability安全性 safety耐久性 durability设计基准期 design reference period可靠概率 probability of survival可靠指标 reliability index失效概率 probability of failure概率设计法 probabilistic method极限状态设计法 limit states method容许应⼒设计法 permissible stressesmethod正常使⽤极限状态serviceability limitstates承载能⼒极限状态 ultimate limit states极限状态 limit states分项系数 partial safety factor体分布⼒ force per unit volume 作⽤ action⼒矩 moment of force线分布⼒ force per unit length永久作⽤ permanent action⾯分布⼒ force per unit area可变作⽤ variable action偶然作⽤ accidental action静态作⽤ static action固定作⽤ fixed adtion动态作⽤ dynamic action⾃重 self weight温度作⽤ temperature action施⼯荷载 site load地震作⽤ earthquake action⼟压⼒ earth pressure⽔压⼒ water pressure风荷载 wind load雪荷载 snow load风振 wind vibration吊车荷载crane load屋⾯活荷载floor live load浮⼒ buoyance浪压⼒（波浪⼒） wave pressure泥沙压⼒ silt pressute冰压⼒ ice pressure冻胀⼒ frost heave force静⽔压强 hydro-static pressure静⽔总压⼒total hydro-static pressure 动⽔压强 hydro-dynamic pressure压⼒⽔头 pressure head作⽤代表值 representative valueof an action作⽤准永久值quasi-permanent valueof an action作⽤标准值 characteristic valueof an action作⽤组合值combination value ofactions作⽤设计值 design value of anaction作⽤效应 effects of actions作⽤组合值系数coeffcient forcombination value ofactions作⽤效应系数coefficient of effectsof actions作⽤效应基本组合 fundamentalcombination foraction effects短期效应组合combination for short-term action effects作⽤效应偶然组合 accidentalcombination foraction effects长期效应组合combination for long-term action effects轴线axes标⾼elevation; datum mark坐标coordinate基准点，标⾼datum mark中⼼标⾼center elevation绝对标⾼absolute elevation相对标⾼relative elevation平⾯控制plane control⾼程控制elevation control⽔准点bench mark经纬仪transit坐标控制点coordinate control points ⽔准仪surveyor level测杆surveying rod 钢卷尺steel tape测距仪range finder7. ⼟建施⼯挖掘 excavate履带式推⼟机crawler dozer挖⼟机 excavator履带式起重机crawler crane反铲挖⼟机 back digger压路机 road roller挖沟机 trench digger翻⽃车 tipping skip铲运机 scraper⾃卸卡车 dumping truck洒⽔车 sprinkler回填 back fill⼟⽅⼯程 earth work蛙式打夯机 frog rammer钢筋切断机 bar cutter钢筋弯曲机 angle--bender基坑foundation pit双排竖管脚⼿架independent scaffold脚⼿架scaffold管⼦脚⼿架pipe scaffold 单排竖管脚⼿架putlog scaffold 满堂脚⼿架full framing ⽴杆 the standing pole 扫地杆 ground bars 横杆 ledger脚⼿板 scaffold board 防护栏 protective barrier,guard rail隔离剂 isolating agent扣件coupler旋转扣件swivel coupler ⼗字扣件double coupler 套筒扣件sleeve coupler 钢筋加⼯ rebar fabrication 铁丝 iron wire 钢筋连接rebar connection 绑扎lashing 搭接lap焊接 welding搭接接头 lap joint 焊接接头 welded joint 搭接焊lap welding 砂浆垫块mortar block制模，模板⼯程formwork 组合钢模板 combined steel formwork 模板form模板配板 formwork configuration 模板⽀设 formwork erection 安装偏差 installation deviation 模板接缝the formwork joint泵送混凝⼟pumping of concrete 混凝⼟中⼼搅拌站 centralized concretemixing plant 浇灌混凝⼟concrete pouring, depositing concrete,模板拆除 formwork removal 混凝⼟搅拌汽车concrete mixer truck混凝⼟搅拌concrete agitation 插⼊式振捣器 insertion type vibrator 振捣混凝⼟ vibrated concrete 平板振动器 plate vibrator 抹⼦，泥⼑ trowel 抹灰，抹光 toweling坍落度slump两组试块two sets of testing blocks 混凝⼟取样witness sampling of concrete混凝⼟施⼯缝处理treatment of concrete construction joint 初凝 initial set 终凝final set初凝时间 initial setting time 终凝时间final setting time 混凝⼟养护concrete curing 草垫 straw mattress回填back fill回填夯实backfill consolidation 1:2⽔泥砂浆20厚1:2 cenment mortarthickness 20mm 找平层leveling blacket 抹灰plastering抹平，找平screeding 抹灰底层rendering coat 抹光，压光trowel finish 灌缝；灌浆grout抹灰罩⾯层setting coat ⼆次灌浆post-grouting 填料filling 翼环plate ring套管pipe sleeve ⽯棉⽔泥asbestos cement 油⿇oil-- hemp 橡胶⽌⽔带rubber water stop 密封胶joint sealant 沥青涂层asphalt coating填缝板joint filler镀锌铁⽪galvanized iron sheet ure ;revetment80mmpile ompressibility area f vibration ssure ol pointsocks。
结构力学专业英语
结构力学结构力学structural mechanics 结构分析structural analysis 结构动力学structural dynamics 拱Arch 三铰拱three-hinged arch 抛物线拱parabolic arch 圆拱circular arch 穹顶Dome 空间结构space structure 空间桁架space truss 雪载[荷] snow load 风载[荷] wind load 土压力earth pressure 地震载荷earthquake loading 弹簧支座spring support 支座位移support displacement 支座沉降support settlement 超静定次数degree of indeterminacy 机动分析kinematic analysis 结点法method of joints 截面法method of sections 结点力joint forces 共轭位移conjugate displacement 影响线influence line 三弯矩方程three-moment equation 单位虚力unit virtual force 刚度系数stiffness coefficient 柔度系数flexibility coefficient 力矩分配moment distribution 力矩分配法moment distribution method 力矩再分配moment redistribution 分配系数distribution factor 矩阵位移法matri displacement method 单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix 单元应变矩阵element strain matrix 总体坐标global coordinates 贝蒂定理Betti theorem 高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态buckling mode 复合材料力学mechanics of composites 复合材料composite material 纤维复合材料fibrous composite 单向复合材料unidirectional composite 泡沫复合材料foamed composite 颗粒复合材料particulate composite 层板Laminate 夹层板sandwich panel 正交层板cross-ply laminate 斜交层板angle-ply laminate 层片Ply 多胞固体cellular solid 膨胀Expansion 压实Debulk 劣化Degradation 脱层Delamination 脱粘Debond 纤维应力fiber stress 层应力ply stress 层应变ply strain 层间应力interlaminar stress 比强度specific strength 强度折减系数strength reduction factor 强度应力比strength -stress ratio 横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性transverse isotropy 正交各向异Orthotropy 剪滞分析shear lag analysis 短纤维chopped fiber 长纤维continuous fiber 纤维方向fiber direction 纤维断裂fiber break 纤维拔脱fiber pull-out 纤维增强fiber reinforcement 致密化Densification 最小重量设计optimum weight design 网格分析法netting analysis 混合律rule of mixture 失效准则failure criterion 蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion 达格代尔模型Dugdale model 断裂力学fracture mechanics 概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics 格里菲思理论Griffith theory 线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂Fracture 脆性断裂brittle fracture 解理断裂cleavage fracture 蠕变断裂creep fracture 延性断裂ductile fracture 晶间断裂inter-granular fracture 准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture 穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture 裂纹Crack 裂缝Flaw 缺陷Defect 割缝Slit 微裂纹Microcrack 折裂Kink 椭圆裂纹elliptical crack 深埋裂纹embedded crack [钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack 预制裂纹Precrack 短裂纹short crack 表面裂纹surface crack 裂纹钝化crack blunting 裂纹分叉crack branching 裂纹闭合crack closure 裂纹前缘crack front 裂纹嘴crack mouth 裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA 裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD 裂纹阻力crack resistance 裂纹面crack surface 裂纹尖端crack tip 裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA 裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field 裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate 稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth 定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth 亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth 裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation 止裂crack arrest 止裂韧度arrest toughness 断裂类型fracture mode 滑开型sliding mode 张开型opening mode 撕开型tearing mode 复合型mixed mode 撕裂Tearing 撕裂模量tearing modulus 断裂准则fracture criterion J积分J-integral J阻力曲线J-resistance curve 断裂韧度fracture toughness 应力强度因子stress intensity factor HRR场Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field 守恒积分conservation integral 有效应力张量effective stress tensor 应变能密度strain energy density 能量释放率energy release rate 内聚区cohesive zone 塑性区plastic zone 张拉区stretched zone 热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ 延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition temperature 剪切带shear band 剪切唇shear lip 无损检测non-destructive inspection 双边缺口试件double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen 单边缺口试件single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen 三点弯曲试件three point bending specimen, TPB specimen 中心裂纹拉伸试件center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen 紧凑拉伸试件compact tension specimen, CT specimen 大范围屈服large scale yielding 小范围攻屈服small scale yielding 韦布尔分布Weibull distribution 帕里斯公式paris formula 空穴化Cavitation 应力腐蚀stress corrosion 概率风险判定probabilistic risk assessment, PRA 损伤力学damage mechanics 损伤Damage 连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics 细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics 累积损伤accumulated damage 脆性损伤brittle damage 延性损伤ductile damage 宏观损伤macroscopic damage 细观损伤microscopic damage 微观损伤microscopic damage 损伤准则damage criterion 损伤演化方程damage evolution equation 损伤软化damage softening 损伤强化damage strengthening 损伤张量damage tensor 损伤阈值damage threshold 损伤变量damage variable 损伤矢量damage vector 损伤区damage zone 疲劳Fatigue 低周疲劳low cycle fatigue 应力疲劳stress fatigue 随机疲劳random fatigue 蠕变疲劳creep fatigue 腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue 疲劳损伤fatigue damage 疲劳失效fatigue failure 疲劳断裂fatigue fracture 疲劳裂纹fatigue crack 疲劳寿命fatigue life 疲劳破坏fatigue rupture 疲劳强度fatigue strength 疲劳辉纹fatigue striations 疲劳阈值fatigue threshold 交变载荷alternating load 交变应力alternating stress 应力幅值stress amplitude 应变疲劳strain fatigue 应力循环stress cycle 应力比stress ratio 安全寿命safe life 过载效应overloading effect 循环硬化cyclic hardening 循环软化cyclic softening 环境效应environmental effect 裂纹片crack gage 裂纹扩展crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生crack initiation 循环比cycle ratio 实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片active[strain] gage 基底材料backing material 应力计stress gage 零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift 应变测量strain measurement 应变计strain gage 应变指示器strain indicator 应变花strain rosette 应变灵敏度strain sensitivity 机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage 直角应变花rectangular rosette 引伸仪Extensometer 应变遥测telemetering of strain 横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor 横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity 焊接式应变计weldable strain gage 平衡电桥balanced bridge 粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage 粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage 粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage 桥路平衡bridge balancing 电容应变计capacitance strain gage 补偿片compensation technique 补偿技术compensation technique 基准电桥reference bridge 电阻应变计resistance strain gage 温度自补偿应变计self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage 集流器slip ring 应变放大镜strain amplifier 疲劳寿命计fatigue life gage 电感应变计inductance [strain] gage 光[测]力学Photomechanics 光弹性Photoelasticity 光塑性Photoplasticity 杨氏条纹Young fringe 双折射效应birefrigent effect 等位移线contour of equal Displacement 暗条纹dark fringe 条纹倍增fringe multiplication 干涉条纹interference fringe 等差线Isochromatic 等倾线Isoclinic 等和线isopachic 应力光学定律stress- optic law 主应力迹线Isostatic 亮条纹light fringe 光程差optical path difference 热光弹性photo-thermo -elasticity 光弹性贴片法photoelastic coating Method 光弹性夹片法photoelastic sandwich Method 动态光弹性dynamic photo-elasticity 空间滤波spatial filtering 空间频率spatial frequency 起偏镜Polarizer 反射式光弹性仪reflection polariscope 残余双折射效应residual birefringent Effect 应变条纹值strain fringe value 应变光学灵敏度strain-optic sensitivity 应力冻结效应stress freezing effect 应力条纹值stress fringe value 应力光图stress-optic pattern 暂时双折射效应temporary birefringent Effect 脉冲全息法pulsed holography 透射式光弹性仪transmission polariscope 实时全息干涉法real-time holographic interferometry 网格法grid method 全息光弹性法holo-photoelasticity 全息图Hologram 全息照相Holograph 全息干涉法holographic interferometry 全息云纹法holographic moire technique 全息术Holography 全场分析法whole-field analysis 散斑干涉法speckle interferometry 散斑Speckle 错位散斑干涉法speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography 散斑图Specklegram 白光散斑法white-light speckle method 云纹干涉法moire interferometry [叠栅]云纹moire fringe [叠栅]云纹法moire method 云纹图moire pattern 离面云纹法off-plane moire method 参考栅reference grating 试件栅specimen grating 分析栅analyzer grating 面内云纹法in-plane moire method 脆性涂层法brittle-coating method 条带法strip coating method 坐标变换transformation of Coordinates 计算结构力学computational structural mechanics 加权残量法weighted residual method 有限差分法finite difference method 有限[单]元法finite element method 配点法point collocation 里茨法Ritz method 广义变分原理generalized variational Principle 最小二乘法least square method 胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle 赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle 修正变分原理modified variational Principle 约束变分原理constrained variational Principle 混合法mixed method 杂交法hybrid method 边界解法boundary solution method 有限条法finite strip method 半解析法semi-analytical method 协调元conforming element 非协调元non-conforming element 混合元mixed element 杂交元hybrid element 边界元boundary element 强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretization 离散系统discrete system 连续问题continuous problem 广义位移generalized displacement 广义载荷generalized load 广义应变generalized strain 广义应力generalized stress 界面变量interface variable 节点node, nodal point [单]元Element 角节点corner node 边节点mid-side node 内节点internal node 无节点变量nodeless variable 杆元bar element 桁架杆元truss element 梁元beam element 二维元two-dimensional element 一维元one-dimensional element 三维元three-dimensional element 轴对称元axisymmetric element 板元plate element 壳元shell element 厚板元thick plate element 三角形元triangular element 四边形元quadrilateral element 四面体元tetrahedral element 曲线元curved element 二次元quadratic element 线性元linear element 三次元cubic element 四次元quartic element 等参[数]元isoparametric element 超参数元super-parametric element 亚参数元sub-parametric element 节点数可变元variable-number-node element 拉格朗日元Lagrange element 拉格朗日族Lagrange family 巧凑边点元serendipity element 巧凑边点族serendipity family 无限元infinite element 单元分析element analysis 单元特性element characteristics 刚度矩阵stiffness matrix 几何矩阵geometric matrix 等效节点力equivalent nodal force 节点位移nodal displacement 节点载荷nodal load 位移矢量displacement vector 载荷矢量load vector 质量矩阵mass matrix 集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix 相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix 阻尼矩阵damping matrix 瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping 刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix 质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices 单元的组集assembly of elements 局部坐标系local coordinate system 局部坐标local coordinate 面积坐标area coordinates 体积坐标volume coordinates 曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates 静凝聚static condensation 合同变换contragradient transformation 形状函数shape function 试探函数trial function 检验函数test function 权函数weight function 样条函数spline function 代用函数substitute function 降阶积分reduced integration 零能模式zero-energy mode P收敛p-convergence H收敛h-convergence 掺混插值blended interpolation 等参数映射isoparametric mapping 双线性插值bilinear interpolation 小块检验patch test 非协调模式incompatible mode 节点号node number 单元号element number 带宽band width 带状矩阵banded matrix 变带状矩阵profile matrix 带宽最小化minimization of band width 波前法frontal method 子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determinant search method 逐步法step-by-step method 纽马克法Newmark 威尔逊法Wilson 拟牛顿法quasi-Newtonmethod 牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method 增量法incremental method 初应变initial strain 初应力initial stress 切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix 割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix 模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration 子结构Substructure 子结构法substructure technique 超单元super-element 网格生成mesh generation 结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing 后处理post-processing 网格细化mesh refinement 应力光顺stress smoothing 组合结构composite structure。
结构力学专题英语
23, limit load
[力] 极限载荷
24, continuous beam
[建] 连续梁
25, collapse mechanism
[力] 破坏机构
26, span [spæn]
n. 跨度，跨距；范围
vt. 跨越；持续；以手指测量
n. 稳定性；坚定，恒心
[力] 平衡方程
64, potential energy
[物] 势能
65, static energy
静lity
Symmetry instability: 对称不稳定
67, 变形曲线
[力] deformation curve
adj. 弯曲的；曲折的
10, section ['sɛkʃən]
n. 截面；部分；部门；地区；章节;
vi. 被切割成片；被分成部分;
vt. 把…分段；将…切片；对…进行划分
11, 截面形状
cross-section shape
12, coefficient [,koɪ'fɪʃnt]
single span
42, uniform beam
[建] 等截面梁
均匀梁
43, symmetric [sɪ'metrɪk]
adj. 对称的；匀称的
44, factor of proportionality
比例系数
45, 弯矩图
[力] bending moment diagram;
moment curve
46, 结构失稳
buckling
结构力学英语词汇
结构力学结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载［荷］ snow load风载［荷］wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy 机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement 影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation 单位虚力 unit virtual force 刚度系数stiffness coefficient 柔度系数flexibility coefficient 力矩分配moment distribution 力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配 moment redistribution 分配系数 distribution factor 矩阵位移法 matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material 纤维复合材料 fibrous composite 单向复合材料unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料foamed composite颗粒复合材料particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘Debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数 strength reduction factor强度应力比strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus横观各向同性transverse isotropy正交各向异Orthotropy剪滞分析 shear lag analysis 短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement致密化 Densification最小重量设计optimum weight design网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准贝 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM断裂 Fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture 穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack［钱］币状裂纹 penny-shape crack 预制裂纹Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹开角 crack opening angle,COA裂纹开位移crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance 裂纹面 crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖角 crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖开位移 crack tip opening displacement, CTOD裂尖奇异场 crack tip singularity Field 裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth裂纹［扩展］减速crack retardation 止裂 crack arrest止裂韧度 arrest toughness断裂类型fracture mode滑开型 sliding mode开型 opening mode撕开型 tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂 Tearing撕裂模量 tearing modulus断裂准贝 U fracture criterionJ 积分 J-integralJ 阻力曲线 J-resistance curve断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子 stress intensity factorHRR 场 Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守怛积分 conservation integral有效应力量effective stress tensor 应变能密度strain energy density能量释放率 energy release rate聚区 cohesive zone塑性区plastic zone拉区 stretched zone热影响区 heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition temperature固体力学弹性力学elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘 rotating circular disk 楔 wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西斯克问题 Boussinesq problem 艾里应力函数 Airy stress function克罗索夫―穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis 板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate环板 Annular plate波纹板 Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffenedplate,reinforced Plate中厚板 Plate of moderate thickness弯［曲］应力函数Stress function of bending压入 Indentation扁壳 Shallow shell旋转壳 Revolutionary shell球壳 Spherical shell［圆］柱壳 Cylindrical shell锥壳 Conical shell环壳 Toroidal shell封闭壳 Closed shell波纹壳 Corrugated shell扭［转］应力函数Stress function of torsion翘曲函数 Warping function半逆解法 semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法 Relaxation method莱维法 Levy method松弛 Relaxation量纲分析 Dimensional analysis自相似［性］self-similarity影响面 Influence surface接触应力 Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触 Conforming contact滑动接触 Sliding contact滚动接触 Rolling contact各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity 颗粒材料 Granular material散体力学 Mechanics of granular media热弹性 Thermoelasticity超弹性 Hyperelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle褶皱 Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity滑动 Sliding微滑 Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity大挠度 Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形 Finite deformation格林应变 Green strain阿尔曼西应变 Almansi strain弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity运动方程 Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性 Aeroelasticity水弹性 Hydroelasticity壳 Shell颤振 Flutter弹性波 Elastic wave简单波 Simple wave柱面波 Cylindrical wave水平剪切波 Horizontal shear wave 竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波 body wave无旋波 Irrotational wave畸变波 Distortion wave膨胀波 Dilatation wave瑞利波 Rayleigh wave等容波 Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波 Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形 Metal forming耐撞性 Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness拉拔 Drawing破坏机构 Collapse mechanism回弹 Springback 挤压 Extrusion冲压 Stamping穿透 Perforation层裂 Spalling塑性理论 Theory of plasticity安定［性］理论 Shake-down theory运动安定定理 kinematic shakedown theorem静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem率相关理论 rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则 Loading criterion力口载函数 Loading function力口载面 Loading surface塑性加载 Plastic loading塑性加载波Plastic loading wave简单加载 Simple loading比例加载 Proportional loading卸载 Unloading卸载波Unloading wave冲击载荷 Impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载 nentral loading拉抻失稳 instability in tension力口速度波 acceleration wave本构方程 constitutive equation完全解 complete solution名义应力 nominal stress过应力 over-stress真应力 true stress等效应力 equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断 stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间 principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress对数应变 logarithmic strain工程应变 engineering strain等效应变 equivalent strain应变局部化 strain localization应变率 strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity 应变空间strain space有限应变 finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment累积塑性应变 accumulated plastic strain永久变形 permanent deformation变量 internal variable应变软化 strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material刚塑性材料 rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material材料稳定性 stability of material应变偏量 deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏量 deviatori tensor of stress应变球量 spherical tensor of strain应力球量 spherical tensor of stress路径相关性path-dependency线性强化 linear strain-hardening应变强化 strain-hardening随动强化 kinematic hardening各向同性强化 isotropic hardening强化模量 strain-hardening modulus幂强化 power hardening 截面形状因子 shape factor of塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment cross-section沙堆比拟 sand heap analogy塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque屈服Yield屈服条件 yield condition弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending屈服准贝yield criterion弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface屈服函数 yield function屈服面 yield surface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic 塑性势 plastic potential torsion能量吸收装置energy absorbing 粘塑性 Viscoplasticity device非弹性 Inelasticity 能量耗散率 energy absorbing理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material device塑性动力学 dynamic plasticity极限分析 limit analysis 塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic 极限设计 limit designbuckling极限面 limit surface 塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response上限定理 upper bound theorem塑性波 plastic wave上屈服点 upper yield point运动容许场kinematically下限定理 lower bound theorem admissible Field下屈服点 lower yield point 静力容许场 statically admissible 界限定理 bound theoremField初始屈服面 initial yield surface流动法则flow rule后继屈服面 subsequent yield surface 速度间断 velocity discontinuity 滑移线 slip-lines屈服面［的］外凸性convexity of yieldsurface滑移线场 slip-lines field移行塑性铰 travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论 incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾一韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh- Westergaard stress space洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter 德鲁克公设 Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation连续过程 continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section通用气体常数conventional gas constant燃烧不稳定性combustion instability 稀释度dilution完全离解 complete dissociation火焰传播 flame propagation组份 constituent 碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate 燃烧理论 combustion theory浓度梯度 concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定 flame stabilization火焰结构 flame structure着火 ignition湍流火焰 turbulent flame层流火焰 laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media, seepage 达西定律Darcy law赫尔-肖流 Hele-Shaw flow毛［细］管流 capillary flow过滤 filtration爪进 fingering不互溶驱替 immiscible displacement 不互溶流体 immiscible fluid互溶驱替 miscible displacement互溶流体 miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比 mobility ratio渗透率 permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质 porous medium比面 specific surface迂曲度 tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水 water flooding可湿性 wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics物理海洋学 physical oceanography大气环流 atmospheric circulation海洋环流 ocean circulation海洋流 ocean current旋转流 rotating flow平流 advection埃克曼流Ekman flow埃克曼边界层Ekman boundary layer大气边界层 atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere- ocean interaction埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数Rossby unmber罗斯贝波Rossby wave斜压性 baroclinicity正压性barotropy 磨擦 internal friction海洋波 ocean wave盐度 salinity环境流体力学 environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流Stokes flow羽流plume理查森数 Richardson number污染源 pollutant source污染物扩散 pollutant diffusion噪声 noise噪声级 noise level噪声污染 noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrical fluid mechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow并向流 co-current flow对向流 counter current flow横向流 cross flow螺旋流 spiral flow旋拧流 swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层 mixing layer抖振 buffeting风压 wind pressure附壁效应 wall attachment effect, Coanda effect简约频率 reduced frequency爆炸力学 mechanics of explosion终点弹道学 terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique流体弹塑性体 hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸 explosion in air地下爆炸 underground explosion水下爆炸 underwater explosion电爆炸 discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸 laser-induced explosion核爆炸 nuclear explosion点爆炸 point-source explosion殉爆 sympathatic detonation强爆炸 intense explosion粒子束爆炸 explosion by beam radiation聚爆 implosion起爆 initiation of explosion爆破 blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinson bar 电炮 electric gun电磁炮 electromagnetic gun爆炸洞 explosion chamber轻气炮 light gas gun马赫反射 Mach reflection基浪 base surge成坑 cratering能量沉积 energy deposition爆心 explosion center爆炸当量 explosion equivalent 火球 fire ball爆高 height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻 penetration规则反射 regular reflection崩落 spallation应变率史 strain rate history聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers挤出［物］胀大 extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸 tubeless siphon剪胀效应 dilatancy effect孔压［误差］效应hole- pressure［error］effect剪切致稠 shear thickening剪切致稀 shear thinning触变性 thixotropy反触变性 anti-thixotropy超塑性 superplasticity粘弹塑性材料 viscoelasto-plastic material滞弹性材料 anelastic material本构关系 constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型Bingham model奥伊洛特模型Oldroyd model幂律模型 power law model应力松驰 stress relaxation应变史 strain history应力史 stress history 衰退记忆 fading memory应力增长 stress growing粘度函数 voscosity function相对粘度 relative viscosity复态粘度 complex viscosity拉伸粘度 elongational viscosity拉伸流动 elongational flow第一法向应力差first normalstress difference第二法向应力差second normalstress difference德博拉数 Deborah number森贝格数 Weissenberg number动态模量 dynamic modulus振荡剪切流 oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离［子］体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层 planetary boundary layer阿尔文波Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流］Poiseuille- Hartman flow哈特曼数 Hartman number生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress 电气体力学electro-gas dynamics 铁流体力学 ferro-hydrodynamics 血液流变学hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学 hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流 magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability生物力学 biomechanics生物流体力学 biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流Bingham plastic flow 开尔文体Kelvin body沃伊特体Voigt body可贴曲面 applicable surface边界润滑 boundary lubrication液膜润滑 fluid film lubrication 向心收缩功 concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学 microcyclic mechanics微纤维 microfibril渗透性 permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectional area农业生物力学 agrobiomechanics 纤维度 fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度 stickiness嫩度 tenderness渗透流 osmotic flow易位流 translocation flow蒸腾流 transpirational flow过滤阻力 filtration resistance压扁 wafering风雪流 snow-driving wind停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面 desert floor流沙固定 fixation of shifting sand 流动阈值 fluid threshold通类名词力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics静力学statics运动学 kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics细观力学 mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics一般力学 general mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics实验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics 理性力学 rational mechanics 物理力学 physical mechanics 地球动力学geodynamics 力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系的简化 reduction of force system 等效力系 equivalent force system 刚体 rigid body力的可传性 transmissibility of force 平行四边形定则parallelogram rule 力三角形 force triangle力多边形 force polygon零力系 null-force system平衡 equilibrium力的平衡 equilibrium of forces 平衡条件 equilibrium condition 平衡位置equilibrium position 平衡态equilibrium state 分析力学 analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier 拉格朗日［量］Lagrangian拉格朗日括号 Lagrange bracket 雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function 循环坐标 cyclic coordinate 渐近稳定性 asymptotic stability 循环积分 cyclic integral 结构稳定性 structural stability 哈密顿［量］Hamiltonian 久期不稳定性 secular instability 哈密顿函数 Hamiltonian function 弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem正则方程 canonical equation 倾覆力矩 capsizing moment正则摄动 canonical perturbation 自由振动 free vibration正则变换canonical transformation固有振动 natural vibration暂态 transient state正则变量 canonical variable环境振动 ambient vibration哈密顿原理 Hamilton principle反共振 anti-resonance作用量积分 action integral衰减 attenuation哈密顿-雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation 库仑阻尼 Coulomb damping作用一角度变量action-angle variables同相分量 in-phase component非同相分量 out-of -phase阿佩尔方程 Appell equationcomponent劳斯方程 Routh equation超调量 overshoot拉格朗日函数 Lagrangian function 参量［激励］振动parametric vibration诺特定理 Noether theorem模糊振动 fuzzy vibration泊松括号 poisson bracket临界转速 critical speed of边界积分法 boundary integral method rotation阻尼器damper并矢dyad半峰宽度 half-peak width运动稳定性 stability of motion集总参量系统lumped parameter 轨道稳定性 orbital stability system相平面法 phase plane method 邓克利公式 Dunkerley formula相轨迹 phase trajectory 瑞利定理 Rayleigh theorem等倾线法 isocline method 分布参量系统distributed跳跃现象 jump phenomenonparameter system负阻尼 negative damping优势频率 dominant frequency达芬方程 Duffing equation模态分析 modal analysis希尔方程Hill equation固有模态 natural mode of vibration KBM 方法 KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method同步 synchronization马蒂厄方程 Mathieu equation超谐波 ultraharmonic平均法 averaging method德波尔方程 van der pol equation组合音调 combination tone频谱 frequency spectrum解谐 detuning基频 fundamental frequency耗散函数 dissipative function WKB 方法 WKB method, Wentzel- Kramers-Brillouin method硬激励 hard excitation缓冲器buffer硬弹簧 hard spring, hardening spring风激振动 aeolian vibration谐波平衡法 harmonic balance method 嗡鸣buzz倒谱 cepstrum久期项 secular term 颤动 chatter自激振动 self-excited vibration 蛇彳亍hunting分界线 separatrix 阻抗匹配 impedance matching 亚谐波 subharmonic 机械导纳 mechanical admittance 软弹簧 soft spring ,softening spring机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械阻抗 mechanical impedance 软激励 soft excitation随机振动 stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振 vibration isolation 减振vibration reduction 应力过冲 stress overshoot 喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动 phugoid motion起伏振荡 phugoid oscillation 驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics 陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩 gyroscoopic torque 陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer 陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航 inertial guidance 姿态角attitude angle 方位角 azimuthal angle舒勒周期 Schuler period 机器人动力学 robot dynamics 多体系统multibody system 多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性 maneuverability 凯恩方法Kane method转子［系统］动力学rotor dynamics转子［一支承一基础］系统rotor- support-foundation system静平衡 static balancing动平衡 dynamic balancing静不平衡 static unbalance动不平衡 dynamic unbalance现场平衡 field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力 cross force挠性转子 flexible rotor分频进动 fractional frequency precession半频进动 half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速 rotor critical speed自动定心 self-alignment亚临界转速 subcritical speed涡动whirl。
力学专业英语词汇翻译
力学专业英语词汇翻译牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics固体力学solid mechanics一般力学general mechanics应用力学applied mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics材料力学materials mechanics结构力学structural mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量action-angle variables泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability倾覆力矩capsizing moment拉力tensile force正应力normal stress切应力shear stress静水压力hydrostatic pressure集中力concentrated force分布力distributed force线性应力应变关系linear relationship between stress and strain 弹性模量modulus of elasticity横向力lateral force transverse force轴向力axial force拉应力tensile stress压应力compressive stress平衡方程equilibrium equation静力学方程equations of static比例极限proportional limit应力应变曲线stress-strain curve拉伸实验tensile test‘屈服应力yield stress极限应力ultimate stress轴shaft梁beam纯剪切pure shear横截面积cross-sectional area挠度曲线deflection curve曲率半径radius of curvature曲率半径的倒数reciprocal of radius of curvature纵轴longitudinal axis悬臂梁cantilever beam简支梁simply supported beam微分方程differential equation惯性矩moment of inertia静矩static moment扭矩torque moment弯矩bending moment弯矩对x的导数derivative of bending moment with respect to x弯矩对x的二阶导数the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x 静定梁statically determinate beam静不定梁statically indeterminate beam相容方程compatibility equation补充方程complementary equation中性轴neutral axis圆截面circular cross section两端作用扭矩twisted by couples at two ends刚体rigid body扭转角twist angle静力等效statically equivalent相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes通过截面形心through the centroid of the cross section一端铰支pin support at one end一端固定fixed at one end弯矩图bending moment diagram剪力图shear force diagram剪力突变abrupt change in shear force、旋转和平移rotation and translation虎克定律hook’s law边界条件boundary condition初始位置initial position、力矩面积法moment-area method绕纵轴转动rotate about a longitudinal axis横坐标abscissa扭转刚度torsional rigidity拉伸刚度tensile rigidity剪应力的合力resultant of shear stress正应力的大小magnitude of normal stress脆性破坏brittle fail对称平面symmetry plane刚体的平衡equilibrium of rigid body约束力constraint force重力gravitational force实际作用力actual force三维力系three-dimentional force system合力矩resultant moment标量方程scalar equation、矢量方程vector equation张量方程tensor equation汇交力系cocurrent system of forces任意一点an arbitrary point合矢量resultant vector反作用力reaction force反作用力偶reaction couple转动约束restriction against rotation平动约束restriction against translation运动的趋势tendency of motion绕给定轴转动rotate about a specific axis沿一个方向运动move in a direction控制方程control equation共线力collinear forces平面力系planar force system一束光 a beam of light未知反力unknown reaction forces参考框架frame of reference大小和方向magnitude and direction几何约束geometric restriction刚性连接rigidly connected运动学关系kinematical relations运动的合成superposition of movement固定点fixed point平动的叠加superposition of translation刚体的角速度angular speed of a rigid body质点动力学particle dynamics运动微分方程differential equation of motion 工程实际问题practical engineering problems变化率rate of change动量守恒conservation of linear momentum 定性的描述qualitative description点线dotted line划线dashed line实线solid line矢量积vector product点积dot product极惯性矩polar moment of inertia角速度angular velocity角加速度angular accelerationinfinitesimal amount 无穷小量definite integral 定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段kinetic energy 动能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数free vibration 自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动viscous force 粘性力forced vibration 强迫震动general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬态解steady state solution 稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程external force 外力internal force 内力stress component 应力分量state of stress 应力状态coordinate axes 坐标系conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件body force 体力continuum mechanics 连续介质力学displacement component 位移分量additional restrictions 附加约束compatibility conditions 相容条件mathematical formulations 数学公式isotropic material 各向同性材料sufficient small 充分小state of strain 应变状态unit matrix 单位矩阵dilatation strain 膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量deviator stress components 应力偏量分量the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量bulk modulus 体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系linear elastic material 线弹性材料mathematical derivation 数学推导a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态Newton‘s first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律directly proportional to 与……成正比stress concentration factor 应力集中系数state of loading 载荷状态st venant’ principle 圣维南原理uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical value 临界值stable equilibrium 稳态平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件critical load 临界载荷a slender column 细长杆fixed at the lower end 下端固定free at the upper end 上端自由critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷potential energy 势能fixed at both ends 两端固定hinged at both ends 两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件transverse dimention 横向尺寸stability of column 柱的稳定axial force 轴向力elliptical hole 椭圆孔plane stress 平面应力nominal stress 名义应为principal stress directions 主应力方向axial compression 轴向压缩dynamic loading 动载荷dynamic problem 动力学问题inertia force 惯性力resonance vibration 谐振static states of stress 静态应力dynamic response 动力响应time of contact 接触时间length of wave 波长resonance frequency 谐振频率自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequency缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration 隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction方位角azimuthal angle多体系统multibody system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态buckling mode线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, EPFM 断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack损伤力学damage mechanics损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics损伤区damage zone 疲劳Fatigue低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳stress fatigue随机疲劳random fatigue蠕变疲劳creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤fatigue damage疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹fatigue crack疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳强度fatigue strength交变载荷alternating load交变应力alternating stress应力幅值stress amplitude应变疲劳strain fatigue应力循环stress cycle应力比stress ratio安全寿命safe life过载效应overloading effect循环硬化cyclic hardening循环软化cyclic softening环境效应environmental effect裂纹片crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth, crack Propagation裂纹萌生crack initiation循环比cycle ratio实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis工作[应变]片active[strain] gage基底材料backing material应力计stress gage零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift应变测量strain measurement应变计strain gage应变指示器strain indicator应变花strain rosette应变灵敏度strain sensitivity机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage直角应变花rectangular rosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计weldable strain gage平衡电桥balanced bridge粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage桥路平衡bridge balancing电容应变计capacitance strain gage补偿片compensation technique补偿技术compensation technique基准电桥reference bridge电阻应变计resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage计算结构力学computational structural mechanics加权残量法weighted residual method有限差分法finite difference method有限[单]元法finite element method配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generalized variational Principle最小二乘法least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle修正变分原理modified variational Principle约束变分原理constrained variational Principle混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method有限条法finite strip method半解析法semi-analytical method协调元conforming element非协调元non-conforming element混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretization离散系统discrete system连续问题continuous problem坐标变换transformation of Coordinates 广义位移generalized displacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable节点node, nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element一维元one-dimensional element三维元three-dimensional element轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method行列式搜索法determinant search method逐步法step-by-step method增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structure。
结构力学术语索引(英汉对照,下)
结构力学术语索引（按汉语拼音顺序）B标准化主振型normalized mode shapeC冲击荷载impulsive load初始相位角initial phase angle常微分方程求解器ordinary differential equation solver常微分方程求解器解法method of ordinary differential equation solver D等效结点荷载equivalent nodal load单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元分析element analysis单元定位向量element localization vector动荷载dynamic load达朗伯原理d’Alembert’s principle单自由度体系single degree-of-freedom system动力系数magnification factor杜哈梅积分Duhamel’s integral短时荷载suddenly applied load动力系数反应谱spectrum of magnification factor第一振型first mode shape第一频率first frequency单元几何刚度矩阵element geometric stiffness matrixE二阶分析second order analysisF分区混合法sub-region mixed method分区混合能量法sub-region energy method分区混合能量偏导数定理sub-region mixed energy partial derivative theorem 分区混合能量驻值原理principle of stationary sub-region mixed energy分层计算法sub-story computing method反弯点法method of inflection point分支点失稳bifurcate bucklingG广义能量偏导数定理generalized energy partial derivative theorem广义基本结构generalized primary structure广义单元generalized element广义坐标generalized coordinate刚度法stiffness method刚度矩阵stiffness matrix共振resonance广义质量矩阵generalized mass matrix广义刚度矩阵generalized stiffness matrix刚架的稳定stability of rigid frameH哈密顿原理Hamilton’s principleJ结构矩阵分析matrix analysis of structure结构的整体分析assembly analysis of structure矩阵位移法matrix displacement method先处理法pretreatment method后处理法post treatment method近似法approximate method静力可能内力statically possible internal force静力可能应变statically possible strain几何可能位移geometrically possible displacement几何可能应变geometrically possible strain 静荷载static load静力法static method简谐荷载harmonic load基本频率fundamental frequency基本振型fundamental mode shape扩散质量法method of lumped mass极值点失稳limit point buckling几何非线性分析geometric nonlinear analysis 极限荷载ultimate load极限弯矩limit momentK可破坏荷载possible collapse load可采纳荷载statically admissible loadL临界阻尼常数critical damping coefficient临界状态critical state临界荷载critical loadN粘滞阻尼力viscous damping force能量法energy methodP频率frequency频率方程frequency equationQ强迫振动forced vibration屈服弯矩yield momentR柔度法flexibility method瑞利法Rayleigh method瑞利-里兹法Rayleigh-Ritz method里兹法Ritz methodS势能potential energy势能驻值原理principle of stationary potential energy势能偏导数定理potential energy partial derivative theorem随机荷载random load受迫振动forced vibration塑性铰plastic hinge上限定理upper bound theoremT突加荷载suddenly applied constant load特征方程characteristics equationW无限自由度体系infinite-degree-of-freedom system无限自由度体系的稳定stability of in infinite-degree-of-freedom system 稳定方程stability equationX形状函数shape function线性分析linear analysis下限定理lower bound theoremY余能complementary energy余能驻值原理principle of stationary complementary energy有限元法finite element method圆频率circular frequency压杆稳定stability for column压杆单元的刚度方程stiffness equation for column element圆拱和圆环的稳定stability of circular arch and ring一阶分析first order analysisZ整体刚度矩阵assembled stiffness matrix子结构substructure最小势能原理minimum potential energy principle最小余能原理minimum complementary energy principle周期荷载period load周期period自振周期natural period自由度degree-of-freedom自由振动free vibration振幅amplitude of vibration振幅的对数递减率logarithmic decrement of vibration amplitude 阻尼damping阻尼比damping ratio质量矩阵mass matrix主振型振型normal mode shape主振型的正交性orthogonality of normal modes主振型矩阵mode shape matrix主振型分解法method of mode-resolution主振型叠加法method of mode-superposition正则坐标generalized coordinate正则坐标分析法method of generalized coordinate缀条式组合杆laced composite member缀板式组合杆battened composite member增量变刚度法incremental variable stiffness method。
结构建筑专业术语
结构建筑专业术语1. 结构力学（Structural Mechanics）：研究力、应力和变形的科学原理，用于分析和设计建筑物的结构。
2. 设计荷载（Design Load）：在建筑物设计过程中考虑到的各种力学荷载，如自重、活荷载、雪荷载、风荷载等。
4. 结构模型（Structural Model）：用于分析和设计建筑物结构的数学模型，可以是二维或三维的。
5. 结构分析（Structural Analysis）：使用力学原理和数值计算方法，对建筑物的结构进行稳定性、强度和刚度等方面的分析。
6. 结构设计（Structural Design）：根据结构分析的结果和设计需求，确定合适的结构形式、尺寸和材料，以满足建筑物使用和安全要求的过程。
7. 结构系统（Structural System）：指建筑物的结构形式和组合方式，如框架结构、桁架结构、悬挂结构、贝壳结构等。
8. 承重墙（Load Bearing Wall）：用于承担建筑物重力荷载和横向荷载的墙体结构。
9. 钢结构（Steel Structure）：使用钢材作为主要结构材料的建筑物结构系统。
10. 混凝土结构（Concrete Structure）：使用混凝土材料作为主要结构材料的建筑物结构系统。
11. 预应力结构（Prestressed Structure）：在混凝土结构中引入预压力，以提高结构的承载能力和抗震性能。
12. 梁（Beam）：承载荷载并将其传递到支撑结构的水平构件，通常横截面为矩形或T形。
13. 柱（Column）：承载建筑物重力荷载并将其传递到地基的垂直结构元素。
14. 基础（Foundation）：将建筑物的重力荷载传递到地基并分散到地面的结构部分，通常包括浅基础和深基础。
15. 刚性连接（Rigid Connection）：将结构构件连接在一起的方法，使其能够传递力和阻止相对运动。
16. 弹性变形（Elastic Deformation）：结构在受力时通过弹性恢复能够发生的变形，超过弹性极限后会发生不可逆的塑性变形。
结构力学名词解释英文版
Structural Mechanics (结构力学)（仅供参考！！！！）1.what can be regarded as a rigid body?(那些构件可以作为刚片)Answer:A geometrically stable system, the groundand a member can all be recognized as rigid bodies2. forms of member structure (杆件结构类型) Answer :1.beam （梁）2。
Arch(拱)3.rigid frame(刚架)4.truss(桁架)3.what’s statically determinate structure ?(什么事静定结构) Answer: A structure is considered to be statically determinate structure if it has no redundant restraints.4. what’s statically indeterminate structure?(什么是超静定结构)Answer: A structure with redundant restraints is considered to be statically indeterminate structure.5.what’s positive bending moment? (什么是正弯矩)（负弯矩：negative bending moment）Answer: The bending moment causing tension in bottom fiber and compression in top fiber. (正弯矩)The bending moment causing tension in top fiber and compression in bottom fiber. (负弯矩)6. what are positive and negative shear forces?(剪力正负号规定)Answer: The shear force is positive if the shear force rotates Clockwise about the designate(指定) point. The shear force is negative if the shear force rotates anti-clockwise about the designate point.7. what’s zero-member ?(什么是零杆)（中文版P43）（此题解释可能不是太准确）Answer : The member is regarded as a zero-member if its internal forces are equal to zero in truss .8. What is two-force member ?(什么是二力杆)(英语书P110)(此题解释可能不是太准确）Answer: A member with no loads applied between its ends is called two-force member.9.What are the characteristics of forces acting on an arch ?(拱的受力特点)(英语版P92-P94，中文版P32)（此题解释可能不是太准确）Answer:It will cause horizontal reactions at supports of the arch under the action of vertical loads and the horizontal reactions are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction .10. Rules of geometrical construction (几何组成规则)（1）two-rigid body rule：（两刚片规则）The two rigid bodies, connected by a hinge and a link that。
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结构力学结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy 机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement影响线 influence line 三弯矩方程 three-moment equation单位虚力 unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分配 moment distribution力矩分配法 moment distribution method力矩再分配 moment redistribution分配系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法 matri displacement method 单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix 单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理 Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态 buckling mode复合材料力学 mechanics of composites 复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite单向复合材料 unidirectional composite 泡沫复合材料 foamed composite颗粒复合材料 particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片 Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘 Debond纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数 strength reduction factor 强度应力比 strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量 transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性 transverse isotropy正交各向异 Orthotropy剪滞分析 shear lag analysis短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement 致密化 Densification最小重量设计 optimum weight design 网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准则 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则 Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型 Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论 Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂 quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹 penny-shape crack预制裂纹 Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘 crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹张开角 crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移 crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance裂纹面 crack surface裂纹尖端 crack tip裂尖张角 crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移 crack tip opening displacement, CTOD裂尖奇异场 crack tip singularity Field 裂纹扩展速率 crack growth rate 稳定裂纹扩展 stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展 steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展 subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速 crack retardation止裂 crack arrest止裂韧度 arrest toughness断裂类型 fracture mode滑开型 sliding mode张开型 opening mode撕开型 tearing mode复合型 mixed mode撕裂 Tearing撕裂模量 tearing modulus断裂准则 fracture criterionJ积分 J-integralJ阻力曲线 J-resistance curve断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子 stress intensity factorHRR场 Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分 conservation integral有效应力张量 effective stress tensor 应变能密度 strain energy density能量释放率 energy release rate内聚区 cohesive zone塑性区 plastic zone张拉区 stretched zone热影响区 heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度 brittle-ductile transition temperature固体力学弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程 equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘 rotating circular disk楔 wedge开尔文问题 Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题 Boussinesq problem 艾里应力函数 Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method基尔霍夫假设 Kirchhoff hypothesis 板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate环板 Annular plate波纹板 Corrugated plate加劲板 Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate 中厚板 Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数 Stress function of bending壳 Shell扁壳 Shallow shell旋转壳 Revolutionary shell球壳 Spherical shell[圆]柱壳 Cylindrical shell锥壳 Conical shell环壳 Toroidal shell封闭壳 Closed shell波纹壳 Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数 Stress function of torsion翘曲函数 Warping function半逆解法 semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法 Rayleigh-Ritz method 松弛法 Relaxation method莱维法 Levy method松弛 Relaxation量纲分析 Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面 Influence surface接触应力 Contact stress赫兹理论 Hertz theory协调接触 Conforming contact滑动接触 Sliding contact滚动接触 Rolling contact压入 Indentation各向异性弹性 Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料 Granular material散体力学 Mechanics of granular media 热弹性 Thermoelasticity超弹性 Hyperelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle褶皱 Wrinkle塑性全量理论 Total theory of plasticity 滑动 Sliding微滑 Microslip粗糙度 Roughness非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity大挠度 Large deflection突弹跳变 snap-through有限变形 Finite deformation 格林应变 Green strain阿尔曼西应变 Almansi strain弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity运动方程 Equation of motion准静态的 Quasi-static气动弹性 Aeroelasticity水弹性 Hydroelasticity颤振 Flutter弹性波 Elastic wave简单波 Simple wave柱面波 Cylindrical wave水平剪切波 Horizontal shear wave 竖直剪切波 Vertical shear wave 体波 body wave无旋波 Irrotational wave畸变波 Distortion wave膨胀波 Dilatation wave瑞利波 Rayleigh wave等容波 Equivoluminal wave勒夫波 Love wave界面波 Interfacial wave边缘效应 edge effect塑性力学 Plasticity可成形性 Formability金属成形 Metal forming耐撞性 Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性 Structural crashworthiness拉拔 Drawing破坏机构 Collapse mechanism回弹 Springback挤压 Extrusion冲压 Stamping穿透 Perforation层裂 Spalling塑性理论 Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论 Shake-down theory运动安定定理 kinematic shake-down theorem静力安定定理 Static shake-down theorem率相关理论 rate dependent theorem 载荷因子 load factor加载准则 Loading criterion加载函数 Loading function加载面 Loading surface塑性加载 Plastic loading塑性加载波 Plastic loading wave简单加载 Simple loading比例加载 Proportional loading卸载 Unloading 卸载波 Unloading wave冲击载荷 Impulsive load阶跃载荷 step load脉冲载荷 pulse load极限载荷 limit load中性变载 nentral loading拉抻失稳 instability in tension加速度波 acceleration wave本构方程 constitutive equation完全解 complete solution名义应力 nominal stress过应力 over-stress真应力 true stress等效应力 equivalent stress流动应力 flow stress应力间断 stress discontinuity应力空间 stress space主应力空间 principal stress space静水应力状态 hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变 logarithmic strain工程应变 engineering strain等效应变 equivalent strain应变局部化 strain localization应变率 strain rate应变率敏感性 strain rate sensitivity应变空间 strain space有限应变 finite strain塑性应变增量 plastic strain increment累积塑性应变 accumulated plastic strain永久变形 permanent deformation内变量 internal variable应变软化 strain-softening理想刚塑性材料 rigid-perfectly plastic Material刚塑性材料 rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料 perfectl plastic material 材料稳定性 stability of material应变偏张量 deviatoric tensor of strain 应力偏张量 deviatori tensor of stress 应变球张量 spherical tensor of strain 应力球张量 spherical tensor of stress 路径相关性 path-dependency线性强化 linear strain-hardening应变强化 strain-hardening随动强化 kinematic hardening各向同性强化 isotropic hardening强化模量 strain-hardening modulus幂强化 power hardening塑性极限弯矩 plastic limit bending Moment 塑性极限扭矩 plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲 elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面 elastic-plastic interface 弹塑性扭转 elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性 Viscoplasticity非弹性 Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料 elastic-perfectly plastic Material极限分析 limit analysis极限设计 limit design极限面 limit surface上限定理 upper bound theorem上屈服点 upper yield point下限定理 lower bound theorem下屈服点 lower yield point界限定理 bound theorem初始屈服面 initial yield surface后继屈服面 subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性 convexity of yield surface截面形状因子 shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟 sand heap analogy屈服 Yield屈服条件 yield condition屈服准则 yield criterion屈服函数 yield function屈服面 yield surface塑性势 plastic potential能量吸收装置 energy absorbing device 能量耗散率 energy absorbing device塑性动力学 dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲 dynamic plastic buckling 塑性动力响应 dynamic plastic response 塑性波 plastic wave运动容许场 kinematically admissible Field静力容许场 statically admissible Field 流动法则 flow rule速度间断 velocity discontinuity滑移线 slip-lines滑移线场 slip-lines field移行塑性铰 travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论 incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则 Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系 prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则 Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数 Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系 Levy-Mises relation 亨基应力方程 Hencky stress equation 赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间 Haigh-Westergaard stress space洛德应变参数 Lode strain parameter 德鲁克公设 Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程 Geiringer velocity Equation连续过程 continuous process碰撞截面 collision cross section通用气体常数 conventional gas constant燃烧不稳定性 combustion instability 稀释度 dilution完全离解 complete dissociation火焰传播 flame propagation组份 constituent碰撞反应速率 collision reaction rate 燃烧理论 combustion theory浓度梯度 concentration gradient阴极腐蚀 cathodic corrosion火焰速度 flame speed火焰驻定 flame stabilization火焰结构 flame structure着火 ignition湍流火焰 turbulent flame层流火焰 laminar flame燃烧带 burning zone渗流 flow in porous media, seepage达西定律 Darcy law赫尔-肖流 Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流 capillary flow过滤 filtration爪进 fingering不互溶驱替 immiscible displacement 不互溶流体 immiscible fluid互溶驱替 miscible displacement互溶流体 miscible fluid迁移率 mobility流度比 mobility ratio渗透率 permeability孔隙度 porosity多孔介质 porous medium比面 specific surface迂曲度 tortuosity空隙 void空隙分数 void fraction注水 water flooding可湿性 wettability地球物理流体动力学 geophysical fluid dynamics物理海洋学 physical oceanography大气环流 atmospheric circulation 海洋环流 ocean circulation海洋流 ocean current旋转流 rotating flow平流 advection埃克曼流 Ekman flow埃克曼边界层 Ekman boundary layer 大气边界层 atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用 atmosphere-ocean interaction埃克曼数 Ekman number罗斯贝数 Rossby unmber罗斯贝波 Rossby wave斜压性 baroclinicity正压性 barotropy内磨擦 internal friction海洋波 ocean wave盐度 salinity环境流体力学 environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流 Stokes flow羽流 plume理查森数 Richardson number污染源 pollutant source污染物扩散 pollutant diffusion噪声 noise噪声级 noise level噪声污染 noise pollution排放物 effulent工业流体力学 industrical fluid mechanics流控技术 fluidics轴向流 axial flow并向流 co-current flow对向流 counter current flow横向流 cross flow螺旋流 spiral flow旋拧流 swirling flow滞后流 after flow混合层 mixing layer抖振 buffeting风压 wind pressure附壁效应 wall attachment effect, Coanda effect简约频率 reduced frequency爆炸力学 mechanics of explosion终点弹道学 terminal ballistics动态超高压技术 dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique流体弹塑性体 hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性 thermoplastic instability 空中爆炸 explosion in air地下爆炸 underground explosion 水下爆炸 underwater explosion电爆炸 discharge-induced explosion 激光爆炸 laser-induced explosion 核爆炸 nuclear explosion点爆炸 point-source explosion殉爆 sympathatic detonation强爆炸 intense explosion粒子束爆炸 explosion by beam radiation聚爆 implosion起爆 initiation of explosion爆破 blasting霍普金森杆 Hopkinson bar电炮 electric gun电磁炮 electromagnetic gun爆炸洞 explosion chamber轻气炮 light gas gun马赫反射 Mach reflection基浪 base surge成坑 cratering能量沉积 energy deposition爆心 explosion center爆炸当量 explosion equivalent火球 fire ball爆高 height of burst。