Unit 2 Energy in Transition (补充汉译英)教学文稿

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Unit2EnergyinTransition（补充汉译英）

Unit2EnergyinTransition（补充汉译英）Unit 2 Energy in Transition ( 补充汉译英 )1.汉普顿-悉尼学院以其诚信制度与其军事化管理体系一样儿享有盛名。

而且此诚信制度扩展到学生在校内和校外的所有活动中。

并且认为对违规行为的包容本身就是一种违规行为。

( on a par with )Hampden-Sydney College is reputed for an honor system on a par with military systems, and this honor system extends to all student activities both on and off campus, and considers tolerance of a violation itself a violation.2.虽然全球变暖对地球构成威胁，但是人类或许可以通过提高大气层中二氧化碳含量（值）来缓和其所导致的气候威胁。

( pose a threat on sth/sb. )Although global warming poses a threat to the earth, humans can probably ease the climate threat brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.3.对于厄尔尼诺潜在的破坏性人们已了解许多，但其现象本身却仍是令人沮丧的费解之谜。

( enough is known about sth )Enough is known about Elnino’s destructive potential, but the phenomenon itself remains a frustrating mystery.4.中国就生态和环保已形成全社会共识并正在率先行动起来。

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2 Unit2

Unit 2 Values Unit 2 Values
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
nothing more than: only, just Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory. 这只不过是个杜撰的故事而已。这只不过是个杜撰的故事而已。 It is nothing more than a made-up story.
Unit 2 Values Unit 2 Values
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
donation: n. money or goods given for a good cause The hospital receives a good deal of money in donations. 他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。 They made a generous donation to charity. Collocation： a blood donation make/give a donation promise a donation
Unit 2 Values Unit 2 Values
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
stammer: v. speak with a tendency to repeat rapidly the same sound or syllable It’s cruel to make fun of people who stammer. 他结结巴巴地道了谢。他结结巴巴地道了谢。 He stammered his thanks.

功能对等理论指导下的生态类科技文本英汉翻译实践报告

大连理工大学专业学位硕士论文摘要随着全球经济飞速发展，城市化的速度也在逐渐提升，空气污染、气候变化等问题也成为了当今环境治理方面的两大重要挑战。

中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家，经济发展速度前所未有，而在建设社会主义现代化强国的过程中，生态环境建成为了社会主义现代化建设的重要内涵。

在此背景下，译者决定翻译《蓝绿解决方案》。

本书主要介绍了来自帝国理工学院的科研团队所研发的创新性城市环境治理解决方案，为城市治理提供新的思路。

该方案在许多国家和地区已经开展了试点工作，而在国内的应用仍是空白。

本次翻译实践的主要目的就是通过对本书的翻译，为我国相关领域人员提供更有价值的借鉴与参考，并为生态类科技英文文本的翻译提供一定的参考和启示。

译者通过对于原文本和同类科技文本进行分析，结合科技文本的文体特点和语法特点，在功能对等理论的指导下，分析了科技文本的翻译过程中存在的问题，通过对翻译技巧的探讨，撰写了本篇翻译实践报告。

本报告包括任务描述、翻译过程、案例分析和结论部分。

其中，案例分析部分为此报告的核心。

译者以奈达的功能对等理论作为指导，从词汇，句法，语篇三个层面探讨翻译过程中遇到的问题，并提出相应的解决办法。

在词汇层面，译者提出了增词、减词，以及对于术语和一般词汇进行的直译或通过语境进行翻译。

在句法层面，译者利用词性的转换和语态的转换，根据中英文表达习惯等差异，对于译文的形式进行适当的改变。

为了实现语篇的连贯和对等，译者采用了调序以及增词的方法。

最后，报告将总结在本次翻译实践中总结的翻译方法以及整个工作的总结以及局限性。

关键词：功能对等理论；科技文本翻译；英汉翻译A Report on E-C Translation of Ecological EST under the Guidance of Functional Equivalence TheoryA Report on E-C Translation of Ecological EST under the Guidance ofFunctional Equivalence TheoryAbstractWith the rapid development of the global economy, the speed of urbanization is gradually increasing, and problems such as air pollution and climate change have become two major challenges in environmental governance. As the largest developing country in the world, China has experienced an unprecedented economic increasing. The construction of the ecological environment has been a core of socialist modernization. Considering the background, the translator decides to translate Blue Green Solutions. This book mainly introduces innovative urban environmental governance solutions developed by the scientific research team of Imperial College to provide new ideas for urban governance. The program has already carried out pilot work in many countries and regions, but its application in China is still blank. The main purpose of this translation practice is to provide a more valuable reference for the relevant fields in China through the translation of this book and to provide reference and inspiration for the translation of ecological EST texts.The translator analyzes the source text and the parallel text combining with the stylistic and grammatical characteristics of the EST text, under the guidance of functional equivalence theory, solves the problems encountered in the translation process and finally writes this translation practice report.This report includes task introduction, translation process, case study and conclusion. The case study is the core of this report. The translator uses Nida’s functional equivalence theory as a guide to explore the problems encountered in the translation process from the three levels of lexical level, syntactic level, and discourse level, and proposes corresponding solutions. At the lexical level, the translator uses addition and omission, as well as literal translation of terms and contextual translation of common words. At syntactic level, the translator uses conversion to make appropriate changes to the form of the translation based on differences in Chinese and English expression habits. In order to achieve coherence and equivalence at discourse level, the translator adopts the method of rearrangement and addition. Finally, the report will have a conclusion of the translation methods in the translation practice and the summary and limitations of the entire work.Key Words：Functional Equivalence; EST Translation; E-C Translation目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)Chapter 1 Introduction (1)1.1 Background of the Translation Project (1)1.2 Significance of the Translation Project (2)Chapter 2 Theoretical Basis (3)2.1 EST and EST Translation (3)2.1 Overview on Nida’s Translation Theory (3)2.2 Nida’s Functional equivalence (4)2.3 The Application of Functional Equivalence (6)Chapter 3 Translation Process (7)3.1 Pre-Translation Preparation (7)3.2 Analysis of the Source Text (8)3.2.1 Lexical features (8)3.2.2 Syntactic Features (9)Chapter 4 Case Study (11)4.1 Translation at Lexical Level (11)4.1.1 Literal Translation (11)4.1.2 Contextual Translation (13)4.1.3 Amplification and Omission (14)4.2 Translation at Syntactic Level (15)4.2.1 Nominalizations to Verbs (15)4.2.1 Passive V oice to Active V oice (16)4.3 Translation at Discourse Level (17)Chapter 5 Conclusion (21)5.1 Findings in the Translation Process (21)5.2 Summary and Limitations (22)References (23)Appendix I Term Bank and Abbreviation (25)Appendix II Source Text and Target Text (29)Acknowledgments (88)大连理工大学学位论文版权使用授权书 (89)Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Background of the Translation ProjectUrbanization is characteristic of the modern world. At present, economic and social development is in an important strategic transition period, and urbanization has been given an important historical mission. However, the impact of urbanization on the ecological environment cannot be ignored. How to improve the quality and benefits of urbanization development in accordance with the concept of green development is a challenge faced by China and all countries in the world. As an applied discipline, the translation should make its due contribution to people’s further understanding of the world. It is the mission of our translation students to translate valuable foreign books or materials into Chinese and introduce them to Chinese people to expand international cooperation and promote the better development of our economy.My translation project is a technological report entitled Blue Green Solutions, edited by Čedo Maksimovic and some other contributors. This technological report was fun ded by Climate-KIC, which is a Knowledge and Innovation Community supported by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology. Čedo Maksimovic, the major contributor to this guidebook, is from Imperial College London. His research fields include applied fluid mechanics in urban water systems: storm drainage, urban flooding water supply and interactions of urban water systems and infrastructure with the environment. In addition to lecturing on the MSc and UG courses, Prof. Maksimovic serves as a project coordinator of EPSRC, EU and UNESCO projects in the UK, and other projects in Europe and in other continents dealing with the above topics. This translation project comes from the BGS translation cooperation project that my supervisor discussed with the author at Imperial College.Blue Green Solutions is a guidebook that presents an innovative framework to systematically unlock the multiple benefits of city natural infrastructure [1]. Chapter 1 gives an introduction of Nature Based Solutions (NBS) and Blue Green Solutions (BGS) to prove that the NBS is a mono-function way, which has become increasingly unsuitable for cities nowadays. The Blue Green Dream (BGD) project created a framework for synergizing urban water and plant systems to provide effective, multifunctional Blue Green Solutions (BGS) to support urban adaptation to climatic change. Chapter 2 describes the development process of BGS, the limitations of traditional NBS in urban transitions and the innovative urban transition of BGS. It is pointed out that the BGS is not based on a single discipline to provide solutions for urban transition but is based on the coordination and communication of multiple discipline teams. Chapter 3 describes the design process when planning urban transition with BGS, and reduces the cost to the minimum by coordinating the participation degree of each stakeholder to realizeA Report on E-C Translation of Ecological EST under the Guidance of Functional Equivalence Theorythe maximization of the benefits of urban transition. Chapter 4 describes how to quantify the economic and ecological benefits of the blue-green solution. Chapter 5 is a case study of six pilot units.1.2 Significance of the Translation ProjectThis translation project is significant in the following two senses:Academic significance. BGS elaborated on the relationship between urban design and climate change from the perspective of urbanization. Each contributor is an expert in environmental engineering, civil engineering, energy and economics, and explains the whole process of BGS from pre-design to construction to benefit evaluation. After an in-depth study of climate change, they created new solutions that were different from traditional NBSs. Secondly, the study of climate change involves many factors, including science, energy, politics and economy. Therefore, it is not a simple matter to make it clear. This guidebook makes a detailed case study of the communities, campuses and other places that adopt the BGS to realize construction or renovation, then proves the correctness and innovation of the theory with practice. So this guidebook provides a good platform for the target language readers and related researchers.Realistic significance. The special feature of the BGS is that its target group can be a professional group, as well as developers, factory managers, governments, investors and other stakeholders. This paper presents the theoretical knowledge that BGS takes and the benefits that BGS brings. Translating this guidebook into Chinese is valuable for relevant experts and stakeholders to use for reference in designing urban construction or renovation. In addition, translating this paper into Chinese will provide a window for the public to understand the close relationship between urban development and climate change. As the biggest developing country in the world, China will contribute significantly to global environmental protection and economic development by running her own affairs well. Therefore, translating this book into Chinese can provide more reference programs for China in the construction of ecological civilization.大连理工大学专业学位硕士论文Chapter 2 Theoretical Basis2.0 EST and EST TranslationIn the first chapter, the content of the source text is about the new research in the area of environmental engineering, which is typical English for Science and Technology (EST). Many related studies on the translation of EST texts have shown that the style of EST is characterized by standard language, objective statement, strong logic, a large amount of information and a high degree of specialization. Compared with literary translation, scientific translation requires a translation that is accurate and expressive in content, well-structured and well-defined [2,3]. Therefore, when translating EST texts, the translator must analyze the characteristics and language features of the source text.In the translation process, the translator believes that the ultimate purpose of EST translation is using simple, accurate language to express the same concepts and information as the original to promote scientific and technological knowledge. Therefore, in addition to considering the basic concepts of the translation such as “literal translation” and “parallel translation,” it should also pay attention to the equivalence in the function of the target text and the source text to make sure that the reader or audience may have the same response of the source language receptor [4]. Therefore, from the perspective of the requirements of EST translation and the reader’s response, EST translation coincides with Nida's functional equivalence theory.2.1 Overview on Nida’s Translation TheoryNida’s basic translation ideas can be summarized in the following three points. ①Translation is a communicative activity between languages. ②The goal of translation is to transfer the meanings. ③In order to transfer meanings, the form of the source texts can be adjusted [4]. Nida regards translation as a cross-language, cross-cultural communicative activity, which is in line with the purpose of the EST translation, that is, to convey the latest research in related disciplines, and to provide new research methods for the domestic academic circles. For the second point, Nida’s explanation is: To make the source text reader and target text readers communicate with each other, the meaning of the source texts must be clearly transferred. This is also the most basic requirement for translation of the source text. Since the habit of Chinese and English expressions are not the same, in order to achieve translation, the forms of language expressions must be changed. EST has its own textual characteristics, and we must correctly grasp these characteristics in translation, and reproduce the information of the source language with the closest and natural equivalents[5]. This is the core point of functional equivalence theory.A Report on E-C Translation of Ecological EST under the Guidance of Functional Equivalence TheoryIn addition to functional equivalence theory, Nida believes that the translation process can be divided into following four stages, namely analysis, transfer, restructuring and test [5]. ①Analysis is mainly to determine the meaning of the original text. The meaning here refers to the meaning of words, phrases, grammar, syntax and discourse structure. That is, the translators must grasp both the meaning of the content and the characteristics of the form. ②Transfer is to transfer the information analyzed from the source language to the target language. ③Restructuring is to reorganize the words, syntax and discourse features to achieve maximum comprehension of the target receptor. ④Test. To expose the deficiency of translation based on testing the reader’s response. Transfer, restructuring and test is a process that needs to be repeated in the translation process in order to do the best translation. Therefore, in the translation process, the characteristics of the original text should be analyzed first. After having a complete grasp of the content and linguistic characteristics of the original text, it should be translated sentence by sentence.2.2 Nida’s Functional equivalenceThe core of Nida’s “f unctional equivalence” theory is to make the translated text arouse the same effect on target readers as close as possible as the source text on its readers [6]. Dynamic equivalence (or functional equivalence) is an approach to translation in which the original language is translated “thought for thought” rather than “word for word” as in form equivalence. For Nida, in translation, the meaning is first, and form is second, namely the priority of functional equivalence over formal equivalence. The “function” of a language refers to the verbal role that a language can play in its use. Different languages must be different in grammar or expression habits, but they can have the same or similar functions to each other. So that the key to translation is the target text can produce the corresponding effect of the source text in the cultural background of the source language in the cultural background of the target language. Nida emphasizes that the key to translation is “equivalence,” “in formation,” “meaning,” and “style” [7].As mentioned earlier, “translation is a communicative activity,” the purpose of translation is to seek the “equivalence” of the source language and target language. The information conveyed by translation is not only superficial textual information but also deep cultural and social information. Nida expounds dynamic equivalence from four aspects: lexical equivalence, syntactic equivalence, textual equivalence and stylistic equivalence [8].(1) Lexical equivalence: The meaning of a word is decided by its use in the language. Find the corresponding meaning in the target language.(2) Syntactic equivalence: Translators must not only know whether the target language has such a structure, but also understand how often this structure is used.大连理工大学专业学位硕士论文(3) Discourse equivalence: In the discourse analysis, we can not only analyze the language itself but also how the language conveys the meaning and function in a specific context.(4) Stylistic equivalence: Translation works of different styles have their own unique language characteristics. Only when mastering both the source and target language characteristics and being proficient in using both languages, can translators create a translation work that truly reflects the source language style.Under the framework of functional equivalence theory, EST translation should follow the following principles [9]:(1) Faithfulness to the original author: in translation, we should pay special attention to the unity of the target text and the original text, and follow the principle of “faithfulness to the original author.” On the basis of this principle, the translator should give full play to the role of the original text, requiring the translator not only to understand the thinking mode of the source text but also to fully understand the communicative function of the source text to the source text.(2) Serving the target language receptors: take full account of the r eader’s understanding of the translation and use the most “natural” form of language translation. This “naturalness,” on the condition that the target language recipient’s understanding needs are satisfied, includes two meanings: the translation should be authentic, and the translation should be read in a natural way, so as to avoid translationese.(3) Fully considering the function of information: in the EST translation, the translator should fully consider the cultural background of the target language, and based on this background, fully consider the information function. If the target readers have strong professional knowledge of related fields, maximally retain the original style and words of science and technology in the text, English professional term will not affect their reading and understanding, the target language reader can completely rely on their professional skills to understand English paragraph means of science and technology. If the target language reader has the weak professional knowledge, the translator should strive to achieve the equivalence from words to sentences as far as possible so as not to affect the target language readers to further understand the meaning and improve their reading experiences.In translation practices, Nida believes that the most important equivalence is the semantic equivalence. For EST translation, the author believes that the translator must first grasp the style of EST, that is, the stylistic characteristics of EST must be clarified in the pre-translation preparation. Secondly, translators should adhere to the principle of lexical equivalence and semantic equivalence in translation, so that the content of the source texts has the same effect as the source texts.A Report on E-C Translation of Ecological EST under the Guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory2.3 The Application of Functional EquivalenceAs mentioned above, the core of functional equivalence is that the receptors’ response to the target text is the same as the original response to the source text. Given this, Nida defines translation as “reproducing the source messages in the target language from meanings to stylistic features with the closest natural equivalents[10]”. Guided by functional equivalence theory, the translator of this report tries to seek equivalence as far as possible from perspectives of lexicon, syntax and discourse.First of all, by applying the “functional equivalence theory,” the translator first takes the reader’s response to the text as the most important factor in translation practice from the perspective of the discourse. “Lexical equivalence” emphasizes the equivalence of meaning and part-of-speech in EST translation as well as the equivalence of communication functions by adding and deleting words; “syntactic equivalence” requires translators to get rid of constraints of forms and express the meaning of the source texts clearly and completely. The functional equivalence theory also takes into account the logical relationships between words and between sentences to flexibly change the part of speech. For scientific and technological styles, it is particularly necessary to pay attention to the structures such as passive voice, attributives, adverbials, etc. Based on the first two types of equivalence, translators are required to proceed from the whole passage, reasonably arrange sentence groups, and pay attention to the logical relationship between sentences. “Stylistic equivalence” is the top priority of all equivalence strategies. The writing style of a scientific article should not be similar to literary styles, such as a novel.Secondly, the four steps of translation emphasized in Nida’s theory also play a guiding role in translation practice. The analysis section allows the translator to determine the style and the linguistic features of the source texts before translating. The text analysis before translation facilitates the translator to achieve stylistic equivalence in translation, which is of great significance to the realization of functional equivalence in the EST translation. Transfer and restructuring require translators to flexibly apply various translation strategies in lexical and syntactic translation according to the four translation principles of equivalence and functional equivalence mentioned above, to achieve functional equivalence in translation. In the process of proofreading, the quality of the translated text should be determined according to the standards proposed by the functional equivalence theory, in addition to determining whether the translation achieves four equivalence.The functional equivalence theory points out a way for translators to EST translation, which has great guiding significance for translators’ translation practice.大连理工大学专业学位硕士论文Chapter 3 Translation Process3.1 Pre-Translation PreparationTranslation preparation is necessary for the translation project. For EST translation, according to the functional equivalence theory, the translation should achieve stylistic equivalence with the original text, which requires the translator to have a holistic grasp of the stylistic features of the original text. In this translation practice, the source text has many terms, and consistency of the terms is one of the important criteria to measure the quality of translation and is also one of the important tasks of proofreading. So, it is necessary to have preparation before translation. With careful preparation, the translation work will be effectively completed, and high-quality translation will be delivered in a timely manner. Therefore, after receiving this translation project, the author of this report first makes the following translation preparations.For the terminological consistency, the translator chooses to use computer-aided translation software (hereinafter referred to as CAT). The advantage of CAT is that the same content will not be translated twice, which saves the workload of terminological consistency. In this translation project, the translator uses SDL Trados Studio 2019. Its advantages are shown in the following aspects: translation memory (TM), matching, and termbase (MultiTerm). The memory function and matching function of Trados complement each other. The memory function refers to the automatic storage of the translation and the sorting, establishment and continuous updating of the memory base in the process of translation by Trados, and the matching function refers to the analysis of the source text and the target text with the help of Trados to accurately identify the corresponding sentences and paragraphs, and automatically pop up the matching sentence paragraph when similar sentence paragraphs appear in the following paragraphs. With the help of the memory and matching function of Trados, the source text can be better understood according to the existing translation, qualified translation can be produced, and the consistency of the same type of text can be maintained. MultiTerm can standardize all the professional terms. The translator only needs to establish one or more standard term lists containing the source language and the target language. By opening the corresponding term list in Trados, the system will automatically identify which terms have been defined in the text and give the standard translation, which effectively keeps the terminological consistency and accuracy [11].Because there are a large number of technical terms in “Blue Green Solutions,” the author of this report prepares some dictionaries. In addition to dictionaries, the author prepares relevant translation books, such as A Course in English-Chinese Translation, which is written by Zhang Peiji, Functional Translation Theory and ESP Translation Study written by Wang Miao. In addition, The translator has a preparation of parallel texts. In the EST translation, understandingis the premise. Only when the meaning is understood correctly can a concise and correct translation be produced. English of science and technology covers a wide range of disciplines, and it is difficult for translators to be familiar with or master all the professional terms in various fields. In the process of EST translation, the elaboration and determination of terms require time and effort, and mistranslations often occur due to a lack of professional knowledge and contextual knowledge. By introducing parallel text, the translator can get a general understanding of the common terms and expressions in this field, and turn the terms in the text into his own vocabulary reserve, so as to effectively and accurately solve the problem of term translation[12], so as to ensure accurate and appropriate semantic equivalence during the translation. In addition, Nida’s theory of stylistic equivalence requires that the target text should fulfill the same function of the source text, so as to satisfy the way of expression of the target text. By using parallel text, in addition to the accurate expression of vocabulary, it also contributes to the overall smoothness of the target text and the functional equivalence of the original text. In addition, parallel text can also effectively help translators expand their knowledge, improve their ability to identify various professional terms, and find subtle differences among different meanings with a rigorous attitude, so as to select appropriate translation strategies and convey the original meaning to readers accurately and smoothly. Therefore, the translator prepares relevant parallel texts.3.2 Analysis of the Source TextDifferent from the literary text, the EST text has its own characteristics and features. In order to describe the objective world accurately, the style of science and technology texts should be concise in the form, coherent in the semantic expression, and objective in the use of language.3.2.1 Lexical featuresThe lexical features of the source text include three main points:Terminology. The purpose of science and technology text is to deliver technical information or science facts. To achieve this point, the terminology is widely used in science and technology text to ensure the accuracy of the content. Blue Green Solutions is a technical report which gives a new method in urbanization and city reconstruction, in which numerous terminologies are used to demonstrate the theories proposed in the report. As the following table 1 shows, some terms are demonstrated. The rest of the terms and abbreviations refer to Appendix I.Tab. 3.1 Technical WordsST TTPhotovoltaics 光伏Topography 地形、地貌Adiabatic Cooling 隔热冷却Evapotranspiration 蒸散Semi-technical word. The semi-technical words in the science and technology texts are basically derived from common English vocabulary, which referenced in a professional, scientific and technological field. Most of this type of word polysemy, which has both non-technical and technical meanings [13].Example 1. This means that interventions such as tree pits and green roofs are better equipped to manage, for example, extreme rainfall events.Example 2. A key advantage is that being vegetation based, their construction and operation has a low carbon and materials footprint.In example 1., “green roofs” is not literally referred to as a roof with green color. It is a concept of “planting on rooftops, balconies, walls, the top of underground garages, overpasses, and other special spaces of buildings and structures that are not connected to the ground, nature, and soil [14].”In example 2., “footprints” refers to “The area of a biologically productive area that is needed to maintain the survival of a person, region, or country, or that can accommodate waste emitted by humans [15].”Abbreviation. Abbreviations are easy to write, identify and remember. In science and technology English, there are a large number of vocabulary abbreviations and abbreviations.Example 3. The Blue Green Dream (BGD) project built upon and expanded the SUDS and WSUD Historical development of Blue Green Solutions (BG-S) via SUDS and WSUD concept to produce a systematic, quantitative framework for utilizing the full range of ecosystem services that NBS provide, yielding Blue Green Solutions.3.2.2 Syntactic FeaturesThe syntactic features in the source text include the following two main points:Passive voice. According to statistics, one-third of the verbs in science and technology texts are used in passive forms. The science and technology texts focus on narrative and reasoning. The reader pays attention to the author’s point of view or the content of the invention, not the author himself. To emphasize and highlight the author’s point of view and inventions, more passive voices are used in EST texts than general English texts [16].Example 4. All interactions are therefore systematically mapped, modelled and quantified to enable the design team to make a decision using quantified performance indicators.。

四级中译英段落翻译练习 (2)

四级中译英段落翻译练习1．人口老龄化中国面临的最严峻的挑战之一就是人口老龄化(aging population)。

专家称在未来四十年内，中国老年人口将接近5亿，占据人口总数的三分之一。

这无疑给中国经济增长带来了巨大的压力，但这也意味着更多的商机。

人口老龄化将为养老院(nursing home)行业的发展带来良好的前景。

据粗略统计，5亿老年人每月至少能为养老院行业带来5000亿元的经济效益。

2. 西部大开发西部大开发(western development campaign) 是中国政府的一项政策，于2000年开始运作。

目的是提高西部地区的经济和社会发展水平。

西部大开发的范围是中国西部的12个省和自治区(autonomous region)。

西部地区自然资源丰富，市场潜力大，战略位置重要。

但由于自然、历史、社会等原因，西部地区经济发展相对东部落后。

这一政策的实施可以使西部地区得到更快、更深、更广的发展，实现共同富裕(common prosperity)。

3. 相声相声(Xiangsheng)是中国最重要的表演艺术之一。

共有三种不同形式的相声，分别由一人、两人和多人表演。

其中由两人表演的对口相声(cross talk)最为流行，传播最为广泛。

“相声”一词最初是指模仿别人的言谈举止。

现代相声包含四种基本技能：说、学、逗(tease)、唱。

由于相声的许多内容是笑话和有趣的故事，语言幽默而又讽刺(sarcastic)，因此深受人民群众的喜爱。

4. 大熊猫大熊猫被称为“中国国宝(China’s national treasure)”，是中国特有的动物。

大熊猫外边黑白相间，体型肥胖，是一种温顺可爱的动物。

它们主要生活在中国西南地区，80%以上分布在四川省境内。

它们习惯居住在温暖潮湿的环境中，喜欢吃竹类。

由于生育率低，对生活环境的要求又相当高，它们的数量越来越少。

中国政府早已意识到这一问题的严重性，所以做出了很多努力来保护这一濒临物种。

翻译教学PPT课件

例：
Love me, love my dog.
爱屋及乌。
a lion in the way
拦路虎
as timid as a hare
胆小如鼠
seek a hare in a hen’s nest 缘木求鱼
as stupid as a goose
蠢得像猪
cry up wine and sell vinegar 挂羊头、卖狗肉
.
13
1. 重复法 (repetition)
⑴动词的重复
例：We shall overcome all the difficulties so long as we study
hard and in a good way.
只要我们学习努力，而且学习得法，我们就能克服学习中
的困难。
⑵名词的重复
例： We have to analyze and solve problems.
归宿，提倡译文应尽量去适应、遵从源语文化及原作者的
遣词用句习惯，保留源语的异国情调。
e.g.
All roads lead to Rome.
条条大道通罗马。
归化翻译(domesticating translation)与异化翻译(foreignizing translation)是美国学者劳伦斯·韦努蒂在1995年所著的《译者的隐身》 (Translator’s Invisibility)一书中首次提出的。
13. 逆序法(hysteron-proteron )
14. 综合法(synthesis )1Biblioteka . 加注译法(explanation)
16. 音译法(transliteration ) .
12

人教版高一英语必修二Unit2第一篇课文翻译

采访帕萨尼亚斯是2000年前的一位希腊作家，他在2007年3月18日作了一次魔幻旅行，来打听当代奥林匹克运动会的情况。

现在他正在采访一位2008年奥林匹克运动会的志愿者李燕。

帕：我叫帕萨尼亚斯。

我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，并且我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。

现在我来到你们这个时代，想了解有关当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。

我可以问你一些有关现代奥林匹克运动会的问题吗?李：天哪！你真的来自那么久远的年代？当然，你可以问你想问的问题。

你想知道什么呢？帕：你们的奥运会多久举办一次？李：每四年一次。

运动会主要有两种——夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会。

这两种运动会都是每四年举行一次。

冬季奥运会总是在夏季奥运会的前两年举行。

只有达到它们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。

选手可以来自世界任何一个地方。

帕：冬季奥运会？冬天，运动员怎么享受比赛啊？又怎么可能赛马呢？李：噢，不！冬奥会并不包括跑步和骑马比赛。

但有像滑冰和滑雪这类需要冰雪的比赛项目，所以才叫它冬季奥运会。

跑步、游泳、划船和一些团体项目是在夏季运动会上进行。

帕：我明白了。

之前你说邀请来的运动员来自世界各地，你指的是希腊世界？我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了赢得荣誉而彼此竞争。

别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！李：现在只要他们的运动员足够优秀，任何国家都能参赛。

总共有250多个运动项目，每个项目都有其自己的标准。

妇女不仅允许参加比赛，而且她们还在体操、竞技和团体赛等项目中起着非常重要的作用…‥帕：请等一下！所有那些项目，所有那些国家，甚至妇女也都参加！所有这些参赛的人住在哪里呢？李：每届奥运会有一个特殊的村庄（奥运村）供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。

帕：那听起来要花很多钱吧。

会有人想承办奥运会吗？李：事实上，每个国家都想抓住这个机会。

被选中不但要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。

2018版研究生英语专用教材【精读教程】全文翻译.学术英语.

Unit 2 Energy in Transition能源转型The era of cheap and convenient sources of energy is coming to an end.A transition to more expensive but less polluting sources must now be managed.能源资源价格低廉、使用便捷的时代已经过去了，目前应向尽管价格较高、但污染较小的资源转变。

John P. HoldrenUnderstanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being. Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy －including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts －detract from well-being.１．要了解这一转变，首先需要考察一下能源和人类幸福的双重关系。

能源为人类提供了诸如取暖、照明等消费效劳的同时，也为经济生产活动提供必要投入，从这个意义上讲，能源为人类幸福做出了积极奉献。

然而，人类为利用能源所付出的代价却削弱了能源为其带来的利益，这种代价不仅包括为获取和利用能源所投入的资金和其他资源，而且包含了能源开发和利用所产生的环境影响和社会政治影响。

Energy in transition

Unit 2 Energy in Transition
Name: Wang Xile(王喜乐) Student number: 134611157 Class : C58
Text Comprehension
1
Topic of the text Structure of the text Comprehension of the text Questions
Para.4: In the earth,the cheapest oil and gas are already
gone.
3、Comprehension of the text
Para.5: None of the other enrgy resources has very good prospects for delivering large quantities of electricity Para.6: Environmental costs comprise external costs and internalized costs.
spread of nuclear weapons
4、Questions
1、How does energy contribute to human well-being? Energy provides such consumer services as heating and lighting for human well-being. 2、Why don't other resources have very good propects for delivering large quantities of electricity? Because they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels. 3、What does the often neglected,but no less important health menace come from in the developing world? It comes from traditional fuels widely used for cooking and water heating.

Unit2 Energy for Planet Earth 课文翻译

Unit2 Energy for Planet Earth A课文翻译（学术综合英语教材(研究生课程）P52）能源转型能源资源价格低廉、使用便捷的时代已经过去，目前应向尽管价格较高、但污染较小的资源转变。

约翰∙R∙霍德雷恩了解这一转变，需首先考察一下能源和人类幸福的双重关系。

从积极的意义上说，能源为人类幸福作出了贡献，它为经济生产活动提供必要投人的同时，也提供了诸如取暖、照明等消费服务。

然而，人类为利用能源所付出的代价却削弱了能源为其带来的利益，这种代价不但包括为获取和利用能源所投人的资金和其他资源，而且包含了能源开发和利用所产生的环境影响和社会政治影响。

人类历史发展长河中，人们主要关心的是能源和人类安康等式关系中有利的一面。

能源资源不足或者(更经常)开采、加工和分配这些资源所需技术与机构的不足，会影响能源为人类带来利益，同时意味着能源的增长遭到干扰、损害或限制。

到了20世纪70年代，出现了一个转折点。

此前的几十年中，能源的资金成本一直保持稳定，甚或有所下降，而且，其所牵扯的环境成本和社会政治成本一直处于次要地位。

但20世纪70年代开始，开发和利用能源的多方成本均显著增长。

人们自然有理由认为:高昂的能源成本所带来的威胁已同能源供应不足所产生的危险不相上下。

同时，也有人担心，依靠扩大能源资源增加供应所需付出的代价，也许大于其所带来的利益。

20世纪90年代初期人们关注的焦点在于这种始于70年代的能源发展趋势是暂时的还是长远的。

廉价能源时代是真正一去不复返，还是通过开发新能源、应用新技术、改革地缘政治秩序等措施，有可能重登历史舞台?回答这个问题的一个关键因素是过去100 年以来因人口空前增长带来令人瞠目的能源需求以及同样使人无从应对的人均工业能源需求。

急剧增长的能源需求使得人类对能源的使用无所不用其极:不管是清洁煤炭还是劣质煤炭，见煤就挖;无论是陆上石油还是海底石油，深层气还是浅层气，见油气就采;水电站建设不论适宜与否，见水就上; 一边绿化造林以求燃料树木可持续发展，一边却砍树毁林。

新核心大学英语2读写教程Unit 2 Energy教案

教案编写时间：
注：1、本页内容针对所讲授课程的总体情况填写；
湖北工业大学工程技术学院教案(课次)
湖北工业大学工程技术学院教案(课次)
湖北工业大学工程技术学院讲稿
about the fossil energy’s depletion, what we should do with the energy supply of the
Beyond body-powered gyms and dance clubs, ideas are also in the works to provide
nominate a person (called a ―designated national authority‖) to create and manage
湖北工业大学工程技术学院教案(课次)
湖北工业大学工程技术学院讲稿
the
湖北工业大学工程技术学院教案(课次)
湖北工业大学工程技术学院讲稿
a
It sounds like science fiction, yet it is one of a number of seemingly
湖北工业大学工程技术学院教案(课次)
第4次课2 学时
湖北工业大学工程技术学院讲稿
湖北工业大学工程技术学院教案(课次)
湖北工业大学工程技术学院讲稿
湖北工业大学工程技术学院教案(课次)
湖北工业大学工程技术学院讲稿。

Unit 2 Extended reading 课件-高中英语牛津译林版(2020)+必修第二册

Nowadays people tend to believe that Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi based on martial arts skills.
2. Why was the author interested in tai chi in his first few classes?
slowly improved. d. When my friend first suggested that we join the new
Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated. e. The first few tai chi classes were fun and easy, and the
1. What are the two different explanations for the origin of tai chi?
Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird.
3. Do you know any other moves in tai chi with descriptive names?
Part the Wild Horse’s Mane on Both Side 左右野马分鬃 Grasping sparrow tail 揽雀尾 …
White crane spreading its wings (白鹤亮翅)

新标准大学英语综合教程4（unit1-7）课后答案与课文翻译

Key to book4 unit1-7Unit 1 Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adultIt isn’t easy to make the (1)(2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how theircareer is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this,when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As thedays pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tendto regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home afterthree or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases,become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need tomake other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)(advocate)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours.(healed)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely.6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?, or (b) help you by4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want tolistening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)(sympathize)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.fortunately IB I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2)didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7)to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions., is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to bedisappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition,or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informalexpression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …　This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general,vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, Icould use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …　This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …　4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …　1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than sh is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best studentresearch project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to competewith the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life asstudents, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys,god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wantsrepayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile billskeep coming in, a nd all that‘s before I‘ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me outof the blue, asking if I‘m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won‘t even last till the （?翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表the year, let alone till I‘m 60.达出来的意思。

新标准大学英语综合教程4(unit1-7)课后答案及课文翻译

Key to book4 unit1-7Unit 1 Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general,vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees. (c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, a nd all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。

2019版人教版新课标高中英语必修2第二册单词表-英译汉-默写

2019版新人教必修二单词unit1heritage n _______________________________creatively adv __________________creative adj __________________________temple n ____________relic n ____________mount n vt v __________________former adj ______________________clue n____________preserve vt n ______________________promote vt ________________cypress n ____app n _____________________________application n _________________________take part in ________________________give way to ____________balance n vt ____________________keep balance ________lead to ________dam n__________proposal n____________make a proposal ________protest n vt ______________________likely adj adv __________________turn to ______________committee n __________establishvt ____________limit n vt ____________________prevent vt ____________prevent…from…____________loss n ________contribution n ____________contribute vi ＆vt ________department n __________fund n ____________within prep &adv ___________________________ investigate vi ＆vt ____________issue n ________________________________ conduct n __________________________________ document n vt ____________________________________ donate vt __________________________________ donate…to…______________disappear vi ____________attempt vt ____________make sure ________________worthwhile adj ____________________download vt n ___________________________ republic n ______________professional adj n ____________________________ archaeologist n ____________entrance n ____________pyramid n ________________________process n vt __________________________overseas a dj adv __________________exit n vi＆vt ________________________sheet n __________________parade n vi _________________________mirror n ________roof n____________chiwen n ________dragon n __________forgive vt ＆vi vt ______________________ digital adj ________________image n ________cave n ________throughout prep ________________quality n adj ______________________________ all over the world ______________tradition n ____________________further adj ____________________________ historic adj ____________________________ opinion n ____________quote vt ________paraphrase n vi ＆vt ______________________ comparison n ________________contrast n vt ______________________identify vt ____________forever adv __________unit2poster n ____________illegal adj ______________illegally adv ______________hunt vt ＆vi vt ____________hunter n ____________immediately adv ____________species n ____________fin n __________on earth _______________________die out ____________alarming adj ________________alarm vt __________________________rate n __________________________rating n ____________extinct adj ____________extinction n ____________mass adj ________________________habitat n __________________________ aware adj ____________________aware of __________endanger vt ______________average n adj ___________________________ on average ____________prince n ____________make progress ____________concern vt ____________concerned adj ____________concerned about _________________________ living adj n __________________________ adapt vi ______________________adapt to ____________measure n __________________________ authority n ____________pressure n ____________under pressure ________________whale n ______________Tibetan antelope __________reserve n vt ___________________________ plain n __________________________________ make out ____________herd n ________observe vt __________________beauty n ________________remind vt __________remind sb of sb/sth ___________________fur n ________________sacred adj ______________shoot vt ＆vi ____________profit n ________watch over ______________day and night __________________attack n，vi ______________effective a dj ____________recover vi ______________________remove vt ____________intend vi __________________threat n ____________threaten vt ____________exist vi ____________harmony n ________goods n ________creature n ________deer n__________kangaroo n ____________reduce vt ____________due adj ________due to __________insect n ____________net n adj ________________neighbourhood n ______________binoculars n __________bird field guide ________search for ________dolphin n ____________Yangtze River dolphin ______________koala n __________stir vt ________stir up ____________emotion n ____________skin n______________unusual adj ______________unit3blog n vt ____________blog post ______________blogger n ____________engine n ________________search engine ______________________chat v i ________stream vt vi n ______________________________ identity n ____________identity card __________convenient adj ____________cash n ____________update vi n __________________________________database n____________software n____________network n vt vi _______________________________ stuck adj ____________________keep sb company ________surf vt ＆vi ________benefit n vt vi ____________________distance n ____________inspire vt ________________now that ____________access n vt _____________________________ charity n ______________________go through ______________tough adj ____________provincen ______________conference n __________________resident n adj _____________________________ plus c onj n prep __________________________ function n vi ________________________________ battery n ________________confirm vt __________Wi-Fi n ______________________________ press vt __________button n ____________file n ______________in shape ____________keep track of _______________________ discount n vt __________account n ________click vt ＆vi ____________privacy n ________theft n ______________rude adj ____________target n vt _______________________troll n____________________________ cyberbully n vt＆vi ______________false adj __________particular adj __________________ embarrassing adj ______________________ make fun of __________upset adj vt _________________guideline n ____________author n ________tip n __________________familiar adj ________keep (…) in mind____________define vt ____________________case n____________unit4Confucius n ____________mansion n ________cemetery n ________philosophy n ____________descendant n ____________individual adj ____________________heel n____________________________ Achilles' heel ________________________ kingdom n ________chief adj ______________________________ puzzle n ______________________________ nearby adj __________________________ loin…to…;__________________________ break away（from sb/sth）____________ belong vi ________________belong to ________________as well as __________________ currency n ____________military adj ____________defence n ________________legal adj ____________surround vt ________evidence n ________achievement n ____________location n ____________conquer vt ____________battle n _______________________port n ____________fascinating adj __________________keep your eyes open (for) __________ charge n vt __________________________ announce vt ____________amount n ____________gallery n ________________________ approach n vt vi _______________________ ensure n ____________landscape n ________________________ generous adj __________________butter n vt __________________honey n ____________ancestor n ________position n ____________courtyard n ________________snack n ________________eager adj ____________poet n____________county n ________________________________feast n ____________roll vi ＆vt n __________________________________ dot n __________________________cattle n __________roar vi &n ________ocean n ________scent n ________greet vi ________pub n ________wine n __________beer n____________stew n vt＆vi ________________________ custom n ____________sensory adj ____________striking adj ________________transition n ____________crowd n vt ________________________________ unit5classical adj ____________hip-hop n ________________techno n ______________________________energy n ____________soul n________bagpipes n ______________stringed adj ______stringed instrument ______________virtual adj ______________________virtual choir __________composition n ______________________________ opportunity n ________perform vt __________________performance n ____________performer n __________onto prep ________studio n ____________________________ordinary adj ____________enable vt ____________prove vt ________award vt ____________composer n ____________conductor n __________________________________ fall in love with ____________original adj ______________________________ phenomenon （pl) n ____________________stage n _____________________________ altogether adv ____________________thus a dv ________________band n ________________rap n vi＆vt ____________________________ nowadays adv ________gradual adj ____________capable adj ________________relief n ____________________________________ cure v t n ____________________________________ absorbed in sth/sb ________________previous a dj ____________________unemployed adj ____________romantic adj __________________album n __________________impact n ______________________aim n vi＆vt _____________________________set sth up ____________________equipment n ________________________try out ______________________talent n ____________piano n ____________________assume vt ________________addition n ______________in addition (to sb/sth) ________________disease n ________________ache vi ________________treatment n ____________from (then) on ____________lean v t ________________get through __________________moreover adv ________satisfaction n ____________being n ____________various adj ____________________somehow adv ______________________________ rhetorical adj ______________metaphor n ________________ personification n ______________ repetition n ________________ simile n ____________outline n ______________ reaction n ________________。

Unit2 课文译文

Unit 2：可再生能源——简介看起来好像许多国家，也包括大多数美国城市，正在认真研究一项确定最佳替代能源的运动。

《京都条约》的签订就是一个证明。

各相关团体和个人的首要目的就是减少温室气体和污染物。

这些可再生能源已证明非常有助于减少有毒物质——能源消耗所产生的副产品。

这些能源也保护大部分人们用作能源资源的自然资源。

例如，太阳能电池板把阳光转化为能量之后，阳光仍然可以照耀他人，为他们所利用。

哪些是最常见的可再生能源？以下所列将给你提供一些基本信息：１. 太阳能应用太阳的强大能量当然已不是什么新鲜事了。

从古代人们就开始捕获太阳辐射的光和热。

由于技术的迅猛发展，我们现在能够把太阳光储存在太阳能电池里。

自20世纪50年代以来，太阳能技术不断发展，并且取得了相当大的进步。

这一过程把来自太阳的热量转化为电力。

利用太阳光,安放在屋顶上的光伏电池被用来加热水。

水进入能储存能量的储水箱中，可以随时被使用。

但是你并不需要所有的这些科学过程就能从太阳能获益。

你真正要做的就是，在阳光明媚的日子里打开窗户和百叶窗，让阳光照射进来。

迄今为止，利用这种能源的最大缺点就是它会受到限制。

很显然在夜间和雨天，甚至是多云的天气里没法使用太阳能。

这方面已通过建太阳能发电站加以改进。

然而由于费用太高，全世界并没有多少太阳能发电站。

2. 风能风能是另一种古老的能源，已被水手、农民和建筑师们利用多年，甚至远至五千年前就有记载。

来自风的能量对风力涡轮机的叶片增压，在此过程中，电能通过发电机产生。

过去人们发明了风车，这样机械装置就可以替代体力劳动，包括在种植和耕作中至关重要的抽水和磨碎谷物。

现在有大型的风力发电厂，其最终产品被输送到国家电网以及个人的小型涡轮机，来把电输送到偏远的地区和家庭。

这种能源有诸多优点。

当然，最主要的一点就是它不会产生任何对环境有害的副产品。

而且我们永远也不会耗尽这种可再生能源。

风能的一个主要缺点就是它的速度和方向不会持续不变，因此风力涡轮机必须能够随着风向的转变而移动。

高中英语高考复习《新动力》》必修二Unit2

①bargain with sb.about/over/for sth.(和某人就某事) 讨价还价；商讨条件 ②It's a bargain.这可是便宜货。 a bad/good bargain买得不合算/合算 make a bargain with sb.和某人达成协议
课后作业
菜
单
新课标 ·英语（湖北专用）
固考基 · 教材回扣析考点 · 重难突破
athletes for the first place in a race.
汤姆在赛跑中与另外五名运动员竞争第一名。 (3)Ye Shiwen ___________________the London competed_in Olympic Games and won the gold medal. 叶诗文参加了伦敦奥运会并赢得了金牌。
课后作业
菜
单
新课标 ·英语（湖北专用）
with replacing (2)They're ______the old windows ______double
固考基 · 教材回扣析考点 · 重难突破
glazing.他们正在用双层玻璃窗替换旧窗户。 take_the_place_of (3)Airplanes cannot completely _______________
固考基 · 教材回扣析考点 · 重难突破
admitted_stealing/having_stolen (4)She _______________________________the bicycle.
她承认偷了自行车。 3．replace 根据语境猜词性和词义 (1)Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.

新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2 Unit 2 A篇练习答案及课文翻译

Contents
Active Reading 1
Warming Up
Listen to a passage and answer questions. New words
Okinawa （日本）冲绳 curator n. （博物馆、美术馆、图书馆等）管理者；馆长 morale n. 士气 sue for peace 求和；议和 preserve v. 保留 pacifist n. 和平爱好者 Nagasaki （日本）长崎 Hiroshima （日本）广岛
如果说现在我正在为我的两个儿子受煎熬的话我不是在为他们每人受一半的苦而是加倍受苦??是啊??是啊??那位丈夫尴尬地叹息道可是如果一个父亲有两个儿子在前线他失去其中的一个还剩一个可以安慰他??而??text10对呀对方回答说剩下一个儿子安慰他他也要为这个儿子活下去而独生子父亲的情况是如果儿子死了父亲也可以一死了却痛苦
Warming Up
A small museum on a US Marine base in Okinawa shows pictures and historical objects from the battle. Mark Waycaster is the curator of the museum’s Battle of Okinawa area. He says Japanese General Mitsuru Ushijima’s plan was to hurt the morale and strength of the Americans. His goal was not to win. “His intentions is to bleed the American forces so bad that the United States sues for peace.” Many American and Japanese troops were killed or injured in Okinawa. Japanese forces fought fiercely. Some fought to the death, refusing to surrender even when they knew they could not win. This was one reason US officials gave for their decision to drop atomic bombs on the city of Nagasaki and Hiroshima.