【英语】新四年级上学期英语知识点整理

一、重点词语

toy animals 玩具动物boys and girls 男孩女孩like sth./doing sth. 喜欢做某事

like to do sth. 喜欢做某事run with sb. 跟着某人跑on the mat 在地毯上

a cute cat 一只可爱的猫on the log 在木头上make a fruit salad 做水果沙拉

how many 多少？（可数名词）how much 多少？（不可数名词）

a cake with cherry 一块带樱桃的蛋糕toy car 玩具小汽车

play table tennis 打乒乓球 so funny 很开心have a look 看一看

have a try 试一试 have a rest 休息一下be sad 伤心

play football 踢足球very well 很好in the livingroom 在客厅

on the sofa 在沙发上 in the kitchen 在厨房behind the door 在门后

fly a kite 放风筝 ride bike骑自行车at the snack bar 在小吃店

a cup of 一杯 a glass of 一杯(玻璃杯) order food 点餐

three glasses of juice 三倍果汁well done 做得好in summer 在夏天

tall and thin 又高又瘦

二、近义词辨析

1.some, any

都表示一些，some用在肯定句，any用在疑问句和否定句；但在有些疑问句中，如果希望得到肯定的回答，则也可以用some。如：

I have some books.

I don’t have any books.

Do you have any books?

Would you like some milk?

2.too,either

都表示“也”，too用在肯定句，either用在否定句，二者都用在句末。

三、常用句型

1、I like cats. I don’t like dogs.

2、Would do you like …? 表示征求对方意见，希望对方做某事

Yes, please. No. thanks.

What would you like? I would like some juice. / Some juice.

like的用法

①表示喜欢：及物动词

like sth./sb.(宾格) 如like eggs, like cats，like her, like him

like to sth.：喜欢做某事；表示某一次的喜欢

like doing sth. ：喜欢做某事；表示经常性的喜欢做某事

I like swimming. I like to go to swim with you today.

Do you like cats?

I don’t like dogs.

②表示想要，及物动词

Would you like …? I would like to do sth. = I want to do sth.

Would you like some eggs?

I would like to go shopping with.

③介词：be like, look like，怎么样，看起来怎么样，用于表示人的外貌和人品

How is he like? 他这个人怎么样？

He is like a teacher.

She looks like a doctor.

The girl looks like her father.

3、I have a cake here. I have three books.

Do you have a pencil?

He does not have a pen.

I have three books and a pencil case in my schoolbag.

I have …. I have sth. + 表示地点的介词短语

have的用法

①表示“有”，表示某物归属某人所有

I have a cake here. I have three books.

Do you have a pencil?

He does not have a pen.

②have与动词同形的名词连用，表示一种动作

have a rest, have a try, have a talk,

③吃，喝

have breakfast, have some eggs, have some water

I have a few eggs and some milk for breakfast.

4、It is cute. 形容词做表语

They are cute and fat. 形容词做表语

They are in the box. 介词短语做表语

He is here. 副词做表语

5、What about you? How about you?

6、How are you? I am hungry. 用形容词做表语的句子回答

7、Where is my bag? It is on the table./ On the table.

where 对地点提问，常用介词短语做表语的句子回答。

8、Can I help you？表示请求对方允许自己做某事

9、描述外貌的句子：

His nose and mouth are small.

His hair is long.

Her eyes are big.

10、Five men live near the river.

The person under the tree is our teacher.

如果短语修饰一个词，那么短语放在被修饰词的后面。

11、They are for my sister.

This is for you.

介词for在这里的意思是“给”，介词短语做了表语

四、重点语法

1、冠词基本用法

冠词放在名词前面，用来帮助说明名词所表示的人或事物。冠词不能单独使用。

冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种：

不定冠词：a/an，用在可数名词单数前面，以辅音音素开头的名词前面用a，以元音音素开头的名词前面用an；

如：a student, a man, an apple, an American, a university, a useful book, an unhappy day 定冠词：the，用于特指，一般的可数名词和不可数名词都可用定冠词修饰；

如：the students, the cinema, the sun, in the east

冠词的位置：

在名词词组中，冠词一般放在最前面；

如：a book, an old blue car, the last few days, the owner of a shop

名词词组里如果有all, both, exactly, many, twice, half, quite, such, what等词，这些词可以放在冠词前面；

all the students, both the sisters, half an hour, twice a week, such a good boy

◆不定冠词的用法

1.1基本用法

表示数量“一”或者“任何一个”、“某一个”

I bought a dictionary and two pens.

Give me a book.

a Sunday of July

对专有名词和抽象名词也有同样效果

A Mr. Black called you this morning.

Many people had to leave Ireland for a better life.

Let’s have a discussion on it.

You’d better have a good rest.

The play was a great success.

第一次提到某人或某物；

One day, an pld women went into a shop with her grandson.

At that time, I was working in a factory.

说明名词所代表的人或物属于哪一类，表示泛指和概括整体；

He is a teacher.

All these things are not a healthy diet.

A teacher must love his students. = Teachers must love their students.

1.2习惯用法（固定用法）

如：have a good time, have a rest, go out for a walk

◆定冠词的用法

几乎所有的名词前面都可以加定冠词the，究竟用不用定冠词，取决我们所要表达的意思。

2.1 基本用法

如果我们要给名词以明确的、限定的、特指的意义，就要用the.

前面已经提过的在以后提到时一般都要加the

He wrote a book during the year 533-544. The book is about farming and gardening.

说话双方都知道的

Open the window please.

表示特指：有限制性成分对名词加以明确、限定时，要加the，这时名词的含义被缩小到一个特定的范围表示特指。

这些限制性的成分主要有：

形容词：the good old days, the spoken language, the same class

限定性定语从句：

We will visit the factory whick makes minibuses.

These ladders were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped.

介词短语：the language in England, the lights in our cars

分词和分词短语：

Sometimes, the language spoken in America changed.

The firefighters reached the burning building.

单数可数名词前加the代表一类人或物的整体，以区别其他人或物

The train goes faster than the bus.

= A train goes faster than a bus. = Trains go faster than buses.

The cat is a natual enemy of a mouse.

= A cat is a natural enemy of a mouse. = Cats are natural enemies of mice.

有的时候含the, a/an和复数形式的句子之间不能互换，比较下面的句子：

Who invented the radio?

Who had a radio?

形容词、分词前加the代表一类人或物

the old, the blind, the deaf(聋子), the young, the impossible(不可能的事情)等。

世界上独一无二的名词前加the

the sun, the moon, the earth, the east/north/west/south, the sky, the space

但是，这些名词前加上形容词表示某种属性或者特色时，用不定冠词a/an：

a brilliant sun, a blue sky

演奏乐器前加the

play the piano/violin

序数词、形容词、副词最高级前加the

the longest river, the strongest animal, the first person

表示方向或者方位的名词前：the east, the south, the left

用在姓氏的复数名词前面，表示一家人：the Greens 格林一家人（或者格林夫妇）

2.2 习惯用法（固定用法）

write with the left hand, hit in the face, tell the truth, go to the cinema等等

◆零冠词用法

所谓零冠词就是不用冠词的情况。

一般专有名词：人名、国家、月份、星期、时间、日期、地名等

特殊的：the U.S.A, the Great Wall

名词前有指示代词、人称代词、所有格以及some, any, every, each, no等词，不用冠词

含有普通名词的专有名词：广场名、车站名、公园名、大学名、节日、杂志名等等

抽象名词表示一般抽象概念的时候：

He likes science.

The panda was in great danger.

在三餐、球类、学科、娱乐运动前不加冠词：play chess, have dinner

复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指的时候，不加冠词

和姓氏连用表示官职、职位、头衔的时候不加冠词：President Trump, Professor Wang

2、情态动词can

情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词后面必须要接动词原形。

情态动词can意思是会做某事，表示拥有某种技能。can的过去式是could 肯定句：主语+can+动词原形+其他

I can make a kite.

否定句：主语+can not/can’t+动词原形+其他

一般疑问句：Can+主语+动词原形+其他

Yes, … can. No, … can’t.

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他

What can you do?

用于否定的推测，意思是“不可能是”

Is this his coat? It can’t be. His coat is blue.

3、名词单复数

略。