陈述句和感叹句

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英语的句子可根据两个标准分类,即按其使用目的或按语法结构(即句子的形式)来分类。按其使用目的,句子可分为:

陈述句:This is a dog.这是一只狗。疑问句:Is this a dog?这是一只狗吗?

祈使句:Open your eyes!睁开眼睛!感叹句:What a beautiful dog this is!

按语法结构,句子可分为:

简单句:I am studying.我在读书。

并列句:I am studying,but he is playing.我在读书,他却在玩。

复合句:Although I am studying,he is playing.虽然我在读书,他却在玩。

陈述句

凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或是表达种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句,它可以用肯定式和否定式。句末用句号“•”,通常用降调。

We live in Beijing.(肯定句)We don’t live in Beijing.(否定句)

英语中否定句总结如下:

1 be动词、一般动词(实义动词)、情态动词的否定句

I am not a student. I don't know him. He can't speak English. 1.be动词的否定句

a.句型:主语+be动词+not~.

I wasn't good at English.He isn't hungry.

b.进行时和被动语态(现在时、过去时、进行时)都有be动词,所以它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。

They aren't cleaning the room.(现在进行时)

The child was not looked after.这个孩子以前没有被照顾过。

c.将来时(will,shall)、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词的否定句型。

They will not be sent to the front.They will be not sent to the front.他们将不会被送到前线。

2.情态动词的否定句

句型:主语+情态动词+ not +动词原形

I cannot do it myself.You mustn't take the books out.

3.一般动词的否定句

句型:主语+ do(does,did)+ not +动词原形

否定式的缩略形

is not→isn'tare not→aren'tWas not→wasn'twere not→weren'tdo not→don'tdoes not→doesn'tdid not→didn'tCan not→can'twill not→won'tmust not→mustn't

have not→haven'thas not→hasn'thad not→hadn'tam not无缩写形式,应为I'm not

He doesn't do his homework every day.They didn't have the class-meeting yesterday.

4.现在完成时的否定句句型:主语+ have(has)+ not +动词的过去分词~.

I haven't finished reading the book yet.

5.过去完成时的否定句句型:主语+ had + not +动词的过去分词~.

He hadn't finished reading the book by theend of last month.

2否定结构应注意事项

1.使用not的部分否定:含有not的句子,如果使用了very,always以及不定代词all,both,every及every的复合词,则表示部分否定。

I don't play football very well.我足球踢得不特别好。

It isn't always hot here in summer.这儿夏天不总是很热。

比较:I don't play football well.(全否定)我足球踢得不好。

It isn't hot here in summer.(全否定)这儿夏天不热。

2.not的其他否定表示

a. not…at all一点也不:I'm not tired at all.I don't like it at all.

b. not…any more,not…any longer再也不……I don't live here any longer.

I can not eat any more. =I can eat no more.我再也不能多吃了。

3.使用not以外的否定词表示否定

a.用no表示:no +名词=not any…一点也不…

There is no wind .= There is not any wind.一点儿风都没有。

b. never决不(语气比not强烈):I'll never forget you.

c. few/little…几乎没有He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。I have little money.我几乎没有钱。

d. no one(=nobody)无人:No one knows the answer.=Nobody knows the answer.

e. nothing =not anything什么也没有I have nothing to do today.我今天什么也没做。

f. none of…没有任何人;什么都没有None of them can answer it.I eat none of the food.

g.含有否定副词seldom(很少)、hardly(几乎不)的句子。

He can hardly write his name.他几乎写不出他的名字。We seldom watch TV.我们很少看电视。注意:在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的谓语动词是think(认为)、believe(相信)等词时,宾语从句谓语的否定,习惯上要前移到主句的谓语上。

I don't think you are right.我认为你不对。We don't believe he'll win.我们相信他不会赢。

注意:none后面必须用of,none of可表示人和物,参见左例f.。而nobody只能表示人,参见左例d.。

3.《too…to》(太…以至于不……)的句型是不使用否定词的否定句子

He is too old to work.他太老了,不能工作了。

必背!英语的不定代词有肯定意思和否定意思两组,而且指两个或指三个以上时,需要用不同的词:

肯定否定

all none ,no

everyone, each no one

everything nothing

some not any ,no

something not anything, nothing

a few few

a little little

both neither

each ,either neither ,not either

感叹句

表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种,一种以what引导,一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号“!”。用降调。

What a clever boy he is!How clever the boy is!

1What引导的感叹句:What a beautiful city it is!

句型:(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

What a beautiful city it is!

What an interesting story she told!

(2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

What expensive watches they are!

What terrible weather it is!

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