四级强化写作讲义完整版07年12月

Lesson Two
一 作文构思方式：三步定位法
① 一个中心
② 两个坚持：1）坚持用小词，不用大词 2）坚持用熟 词，不用生词
③ 三个代表：根源、影响、结果
思路拓展：Reading Selectively（读书要有选择） There are many good books in our daily lives such as textbooks. They help us acquire much knowledge so that we can get good job opportunity and make much money. As a result, we can win respect of others. We also read cartoons and novels to help us relax and share some valuable experiences with the writers. However there are also some bad books. Some contains too much violence, love scenes and blue things which are poisonous to our minds. Children like to imitate what they read in the books. If teenagers spend too much time reading such books, their attention will be distracted. As a result, they may have wrong value towards life. They will never get success. Others will look down upon them.
③时间+saw / witnessed +形容词+名词+in+变化主体
EG：17年间去电影院的人数急剧下降。（从1991年——2008年间）
① The number of cinema admission decreased sharply from 1991 to 2008.
②There was a sharp decrease in the number of cinema
admission
from 1991 to 2008.
③ The last 17 years saw / witnessed the sharp
decrease in cinema admission.
2）进行具体数据对比：
两个性质： 1 对称性： …that/those+ of/in…
2 数字最前性：数字放在than 或者as…as 之前
Despite the convenience it brings to us, the two-day weekend has also given rise to quite a few problems. The most serious one is that the weekdays are filled with more lessons, sometimes too many. Because our classes are limited to Monday through Friday, we have to take more lessons each day than in the past. （对比分析缺点）
表示波动：fluctuate
2) 变化速度：低→高
gradually→steadily→obviously→
rapidly→
sharply/steeply→
dramatically→ significantly
3）表示最高点：In （year）, the number reached its peak
In order to make full use of the two-day weekend, I have decided to plan it. For one thing, I spare some time to relax, for another, I set aside enough time to study. By doing so, I can have a good time as well as make progress in my
.
increased to
top
highest point
表示最低点：In (year), the number reached its bottom
.
dropped to
lowest point
3 常用句型：
1）一句话描述数据变化的趋势
精彩句式：
①变化主体+动词+（副词）
②There Be +形容词+名词+in+变化主体
2 对比分析另一方面（缺点/负面影响） 3 发表我的看法 2）现象题型： 三段基本写作思路：1 提出问题 2 分析问题 3 解决问题（谈意义） 3）成语题：
论说文的优秀范文： The Two-day Weekend
The two-day weekend has brought a lot of benefits to college students. It not only offers us more time to get rid of tiredness and have a good rest, but also gives us more chances to take up some hobbies, such as fishing, reading, stampcollecting, sports etc. From these activities we can learn many things that can’t be learned in class, which will inevitably broaden our view.（具体分析优点）
studies.（提出我的看法） 1）范文精彩句式举一反三： ①尽管它给我们带来了方便，但私家车数量的快速增长还是给我们带来 了一些难题。 Despite the convenience it brings to us, the sharp increase of private cars has also brought some problems. ②表示一个事物有两个方面： Every coin has two sides. Every sword has two edges. All roses have thorns. 2）论说文精彩句型总结：
一 课程总体安排：
书信文 情景文
Lesson One
文体类型 VS 结构语言 图表文 语言结构概论 论说文 细节决定成败 句式百变的魅力 万能理由
二 四级写作的特点：
1. 选题：政治性强，专业性强，范围太广的题不考——话题熟悉，内容 上不会无话可说 1）校园实用英语：应用文 2）校园热点话题：学生生活，学习，工作，人生观 3）与普通市民相关的社会热点话题：
1) The number of students in 2007 is larger than
that in 2005.
2) The eyes of Zhao are 4 times as big as those of
Sandy.
3) The boys are six times than girls.
② 吃和睡是人生中的两大乐事： Eating and sleeping is the
pleasure in my life.
四 中英思维对比
1 要有清晰的结构 2 要有统一的中心 3 必须要有衔接词 4 中英句子转化的基本原则：结果——过程——细节 中：她没来，虽然她承诺一定会来，但是没有，她没有遵守我们的约 定，我很失望。 英：It is a disappointment to me that she broke her promise that she would come.
水资源问题 环境话题 社会弊端 疾病与健康 休闲娱乐（电影、电视、旅行、体育） 金钱、运气 2. 字数：120——150词
三，如何评分
源自文库
1 四级考试作文采用的是：总体评分法（Global Scoring）
2 阅卷人的兴奋点和盲区
兴奋点
1 整体脉络
2 段落衔接
3 用词用句
4 书写美观
盲区：
1 文章的内容
EG：I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.
EG：I’ve been puzzling ever since I set eyes on you where I saw you before.
4）结构错误
①“多谓语”
EG：There are so many people think that…
③ 不可数名词表示抽象整体概念时，前面不加冠词 Man can
conquer nature.
6）主谓不一致
to do/doing做主语：
① To meet, to know, to love and to part _is_ the sad story of many a heart.
替换many： many a, various, numerous, a number of…
2 你的论据
3 结构要清晰，语言要包装 结构：采分点
四个“C”: Complete(完整性) Clear (清晰性)
Correct(准确性) Coherent (连贯性)
语言：四级写作六类错误（※）
1）拼写错误
sugestion enviroment goverment
正确拼写： suggestion environment government
五 图表作文：（91.6和02.6）
1 三段基本写作思路： 1 描述图表变化1）变化总趋势
2）具体数据对比 2 分析变化原因 3 如果变化好——展望未来
如果不好——谈解决方法
2 常用词汇：
1）表示变化上升：increase, rise
表示变化下降：decrease, fall, drop, decline, be on the decline
作业：扩展提纲： 1. Traffic is a serious problem. 2.教材P22. 1 (2) :You should read good newspaper everyday.
二 论说文总论：
1）正反阐释： A. 现象对立观点分析： 三段基本写作思路： （1）简要介绍对待该现象或事务存在不同的态度或观点，具体分析其 中一种观点 （2）对比分析另一观点 （3）发表个人观点或看法 B.现象对立面分析： 三段基本写作思路： 1 简要介绍该现象或该事物，具体分析该现象或 事物的一个方面
① 引出问题的常用句型：
(1) One of the hottest topics many people talk about today is …
2）代词指代不明
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bride maid
解决策略：把话说清楚
3）时态问题
四级写作五种常用时态：
1 一般现在时 2 现在完成时 3 一般过去时 4 一般将来时 5 现在完成进行
时
There are so many fact
provide that…
“有”字句， 去“有”再写
② 悬垂结构：
定义：在非谓语动词做状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一
致，否则就是悬垂结构
EG：At the age of six, my father began to give me English lessons.
At the age of six, I began to learn English taught by my father.
5）冠词的使用
① 不定冠词+可数名词：表示整体类别 A diamond lasts
forever!
② 定冠词+可数名词： 表示在一定范围内独一无二 You are the
superstar in my eye.