高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义7
公共英语PETS3阅读辅导讲义
XX年公共英语PETS3阅读辅导讲义xx年上半年开始备考啦，为了提高大家学习的积极性，以下是网的关于公共英语PETS3阅读辅导讲义，供大家备考。
Dialogues /monologues:1、 Do they need long workouts to get the benefit, or will short, intense ones do the trick?do the trick：获得成功。
他们需要长期的体能训练获得益处，还是短暂、剧烈的训练取得成功?2、 Bone mass and bone loss.Bone mass：骨骼块数;bone loss：骨质疏松3、 Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure or repeated exposures.通过单一或屡次的暴露之后，即刻效应便表达出来了。
4、 Experts found that inhabitants in the three regions have more in mon than calories.专家发现这三个地区的居民在其他方面的共同点超过了他们在卡路里方面的共同点。
5、 Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would keep away from food, love, or exercise. While there is no question that prolonged stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the oasion can be good for you.rise to the oasion：应付自如。
高教版中职英语 2021 基础模块3 Unit 7 Natural Disasters
Listen and complete. 再听录音，完成对上述对话内容的概括。
It seems there have been more natural 1d) isasters
these years.
Over the past few years, 2)floods
, 3d) roughts
and
Unit 7
英语3 基础模块
Learning Objectives
recognize the causes and effects of natural disasters interview about natural disasters identify the relationship between natural disasters and human activities make posters on natural disasters promote harmony between human and nature
01 Warming Up 02 Listening and Speaking 03 Reading and Writing 04 Culture Understanding 05 Language Practice 06 Group Work 07 Self-assessment
01 Wa r m i n g Up
4) heat waves
have caused serious damage to the world.
And some of the natural disasters are causedhubmy an activities
5)
. However, it is luckymtahkaet paecohpalengheave
公共英语三级PETS3级听力讲义
全国英语等级考试（三级）PETS-3听力精讲新世纪教育公共英语三级（pets3）包过 q17951073主讲人：张志健目录一、题型概述二、A 节短对话三、B节长对话、短文四、复习指导一、题型概述听力部分大纲要求与考查点大纲要求考查点理解主旨要义；考查对文章大意和中心思想的理解能力；获取事实性的具体信息；考查从听力材料中获取事实细节的能力；理解明确表达的概念性含义；考查根据听力材料内容提炼并理解概念、定义等的能力；进行有关的判断、推理和引申；考查在理解听力材料的基础上，对说话人的身份、职业、与对话人的关系、事件发生的地点和时间等进行判断、推理和引申的能力；理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。
考查分析说话者措辞、语气和语调，推断说话者的意图、观点或者态度的能力。
⏹题目数量15道题，4段长对话或者短文⏹篇幅时间总长800词，每段平均约200词，持续8'30″⏹所占分值15分⏹答题要求每题有15秒答题时间（5秒用作听前读题，10秒用作听后答题）。
每段录音材料只播一遍。
Section IListening☐题目数量10道题，10段短对话☐篇幅时间总长400词左右，约3'30″☐所占分值10分☐答题要求每题有15秒答题时间（5秒用作听前读题，10秒用作听后答题）。
每段录音材料只播一遍。
A 节短对话B 节长对话、短文二、A节短对话提问方式通常为以What, When, Where, Why, Who，How等开头的特殊疑问句，如：What is the woman doing at the moment?When will the bank open on Sundays?Where is the man`s house located?Why is the woman angry with her son?How does the man feel about his grade?问题类型是什么？什么时间？什么地点？谁？什么原因？什么态度？……行为内容题（what）、时间数字题（when）、场所地点题（where）、职业身份题（who）、原因动机题（why）、态度立场题（how）短对话的“潜规则”1. 推理原则一般情况需要对对话进行推理，因此在短对话中，“所听非所得”。
【中职专用】高教版2021基础模块3Part 6 Unit 7 教案
3.Work in groups, collect information about othersolutions to protect the environment in the area of transportation and explore the culture behind.
教学方法
小组讨论法、任务教学法、情境教学法
课前准备
PPT课件，语音素材，图片
教学媒体
PPT课件、多媒体设备、语音素材、拓展资源包等
教学过程
教学环节
教师活动设计
学生活动设计
设计意图
Step1:
Warming up
1.Discuss in groups to answer the question:
What are the hazards of fuel vehicles（燃油车）?
To establish the concept of sustainable development.
学习重难点
To master the common natural disasters ,list measures of environmental protection.
To make a poster about environmental protection in group.
6.emission n.排放物；排放
e.g:This emission of heat is completely independent of temperature and pressure .这热的散发全然不受温度和压力的影响。
高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义3
公共英语3级精讲班第3讲讲义DialoguesDialogues 1Clyde and Harry are friends. They are talking work and family.Nowadays it is difficult for people to handle family and work very well. The dialogues is between two f riends Clyde and Harry. They are talking about how to keep the balance with the family and work. Lan guage points:1. I’ve taken over as chief consultant for all of our East Coast offices.1) take over 接收、接管、接任When she fell ill, her daughter took over the business for her.The firm has been taken over by an American corporation.2) chief consultant 首席顾问2. I took on so much work that I hardly have time for my own family.take on 承担某事He took on great responsibilities when she was promoted.Don’t take on more than you can cope with.3. To be honest with you, Clyde, she isn’t pleased at all.to be honest with sb 对你说实话4. You’re in the same spot I was in.in the same spot 我们情况相同in the same boat5. I decided a change of plans was called for.call for 要求、需要The invitation does not call for an answer.Success in school call for much hard work.6. I began coming straight home from work to help her out.help sb out 帮助某人摆脱困境7. I don’t think we men spend enough time with our kids.spend --- with sb 和某人度过------的时光spend --- (in) doing sth 花时间、金钱做某事spend --- on sth 在某事、某物上花时间、金钱8. I just took it for granted that a wife was supposed to take care of her kids and husband.1) take sth for granted 认为某事是理所当然的2) be supposed to do sth 被期望或被要求（按规则、惯例）做某事Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one?You are supposed to pay the bill by Frid ay.9. I’d better take that back and give her a hand.1) take sth back 收回某人所说的话2) give sb a hand 帮助某人10. take one’s time 别着急、慢慢来Dialogue 2It is inevitable that husband and wife sometimes quarrel with each other. The important thing is how c an we forgive each other and try their best to have a harmonious life. Frank is talking with his wife Elieen in the living-room. Language points:1. Please put you cigarette out. put sth out 熄灭2. You bet! 的确，当然（口语）“Are you going to the match?”“You bet.”3. I am putting forth a lot of effort to make this tablecloth.put forth a lot of effort to do sth 努力做某事I am putting forth a lot of effort to make my dream come true.4. I can’t put up with your constant criticism anymore.put up with 容忍5. Please don’t put me down anymore.put sb down 让某人失望You should study hard. Don’t put your parents down again.6. I’ll take a shower and put on my best dress.take a shower 洗淋浴7. They put me in the mood for Italian food.put sb in the mood for sth 使某人有情绪做某事Dialogue 3Tami is paying a short visit to Jennifer, her mother-in-law.In this dialogue, David and Tami are going to a formal dinner. Jennifer gives them some suggestions on which dress to wear and want to help them to baby-sit the child voluntarily. 1. I’m glad you did! Co me on in!come on1）请，来吧，快点Come on, go with us to the movie.You go first, I’ll come on immediately.2）开始，来临The last show will be coming on in a few minutes.3）出场，上演People clapped and shouted and made her come on again and again.2. How are things going? 事情进展的怎么样？（见面时常用的问候语）3. Your black purse and shoes go nicely with that dress.go with1）和某人一起 I’ll go with you.2）和------搭配Your black purse and shoes go nicely with that dress.4. He always goes beyond my expectations.go beyond my expectation 超越某人的想象5. The kids can’t go along with you.go along with sb 和某人一起Dialogue 4Larry and Deb are talking about their expenses in the living-room. To have a good family we should ma ke end meet and be careful about the money.1. Haven’t I been telling you that we can barely make ends meet?make ends meet：earn enough money to live without getting into debt 收支相抵Being out of work and having two young children, they found it impossible to make ends meet.2. Everything I say goes in one ear and out he other.go in one ear and out the other ： be heard but either ignored or quickly forgotten当作耳旁风3. I’ve been trying to cut down on our expenses lately.cut down 消减，渐少，降低We might cut the book down to a little over hundred pages.I’m try to cut down my smoking, not with very much success, I’m afraid.4. I’ve been keeping track of all of our phone bills.keep track of 通晓事态，注意动向keep track of the current events.5. The local usage charge comes to $ 18.50.come to1) 苏醒The doctor applied some medicine and he began to come to.2) 共计，达到，等于How much does your bill come to?His earnings come to $ 6000 a year.6. I’ll have to call them and have tham straighten it out.straighten sth out: remove the doubt or ignorance in sb’s mind某人消除疑虑，给某人解释清楚You’re rather muddled about office procedures but I’ll soon straighten you out.PassagePassageAfter the World Trade Center fell down, people do not dare to live in the tall building again. People do not want to be live in the tallest anything, anywhere, anymore. Several years later, despite fears of terr orists, big is beautiful again. Without the skyscrapers, the skyline have got a little dull. With some wor k, the world’s architects might bring them back to a very tall standard. Background knowledge;1. the World Trade Center 世贸中心It was once the tallest building in the world. It was attacked by terrorists on Sep. 11, 2001.2. the Empire State Building 帝国大厦It is also a famous skyscraper in New York city.Language Points:1. In the months that followed, six of its commercial tenants ran off.run off 溜走，逃走The treasurer has run off with the club’s funds.2. Vice President Dick Cheney was still being shuttled around to undisclosed locations.shuttle around to 穿梭般的往返移动3. New Skyscraper projects are under way once more elsewhere in the city and around the U.S. be und er way ：having started and making progress 已经开始并进行着 The project is under way.New skyscraper projects are under way once more.4. The skyscraper has also been poking its head up in very different ways.poke one’s head up 抬头They poke their head up to see whether they are in the room.ExercisesExercises:Use of English (easy) Words:weekly allowance 每周的津贴、补助、零用钱be inspired to do sth 被鼓励做某事youth-oriented nation 年轻人为主导的民族11. vacation spot 旅游景点 18. based on 以---为基础的20. be reserved to 给某人预定的， turn to向---寻求帮助, point to指向某人、某事, devote to集中精力做某事虚拟语气Ⅱ虚拟语气Ⅱ1. 特殊的虚拟语气1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。
最新高教版中职英语基础模块 第3册unit 7《the convenience store is over there》语法教案.doc
能识别对话中提及 现问题和解决问题 解国外一些先进社
的有关社区场所及 1、小组合作法
区的特点，比较中国
服务设施的词汇 2、情景教学法
社区与国外社区的
说 - 能 咨 询 与 社 区 3、自主学习法
异同
有关的信息
4、探索发现法
教学目的
读-能阅读描述社
情 感 态 度：对自 己的国家、家乡、社
区的文章并能根据
汨罗市职业中专学校教学方案设计（首页）
Unit 7 The convenience
教学 内容
store is over there
课型
Languge in
use(PPT
28-44)
授课班级
授课日期
学时 节次
出勤情况 纪律情况
知识与技能
过程与方法
情感态度价值观
语言技能目标：听- 学生能在学习中发 文 化 意 识：能了
My family sometimes has a picnic there on weekends when
we are free.
An adult school, where I can go to improve my English
or to learn some job skills, which is only five minutes’
能理解 when,where 引导的定语从句所表达的意思。
教学资源 多媒体
教学后记
Step 1 Review
1.默写上节课所学习的单词。
2.请学生熟读 activity 10 的文章。
3.先带领学生复习 unit 6 的关系代词。
Step 2 Lead-in
Grammar Focus
高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义
公共英语3级精讲班第15讲讲义DialogueDialogue 1：The two speakers are talking about how to arrange travels for holidays.1.What do you think of package holiday?你认为跟团旅游怎么样？package holiday跟团旅游2.They are usually very cheap, but joining a crowd of noisy people andeating plastic food is not my idea of a holiday.他们通常很便宜，但是和一群吵闹的人们在一起吃盒饭不是我理想的假日。
plastic food 盒饭3.Are the resorts worth visiting?这些景点值得参观吗？1)resort 景点2)be worth doing sth 值得做某事The book is worth reading.He felt that his life was no longer worth living.4.There’s a good range of flights and prices aren’t too high.那儿有很多航班，它们的价格也不高。
Monologue 1:1.This is one year after the 9/11 attack. CNN correspondent Paula Sean isat Atlanta’s Hartsfield Internationa l Airport Friday morning, talking about people’s weekend traveling preceding Memorial Day.这是9·11后的一年，CNN的记者保拉·丝英星期五早晨在亚特兰大的哈慈菲尔德国际机场谈论纪念日前人们周末旅游的情况。
高教版中职英语 2021 基础模块3 Unit 7 Natural Disasters 单词课件
• cancel out / cancel sth↔out 抵消；对消
• Recent losses have cancelled out any profits made at the start of the year.
with a heavy smog. • 城市上空罩上了一层雾霾。 • Today smog is a common occurrence
in many major cities. • 如今雾霾在许多大城市已是司空见惯的事。
soil /sɔɪl/ n. 土地；土壤
• poor/dry/acid/sandy/fertile, etc. soil 贫瘠、干旱、酸性、沙质、肥沃等的土壤
• The accident could have been prevented. 这次事故本来是可以防止的。
• Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice. 什么都不能阻止他鸣不平。
• He is prevented by law from holding a licence. 法律不准他持有执照。
• These guidelines do not have the force of law . 这些指导原则不具有法律效力。
frequently /ˈfriːkwəntli/ adv. 频繁地
• Buses run frequently between the city and the airport. 公共汽车频繁地来往于市区与机场之间。
• 最近的亏损与年初的盈利相抵消。
高教版中职英语基础模块第3册Unit7Theconveniencestoreisoverthere语
汨罗市职业中专学校教学方案设计（首页）参观博物馆的那天吗？Please put the letter on the desk where/on which he can easily find it.请把信放到他比较容易找到的桌子上。
This is the reason why/for which he didn’t come to the meeting.这就是他为什么没来开会的原因。
结论：只有当“介词+关系代词”充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。
Activity1 6 Read and underline.读下面的短文，用下画线标出由“when , where,which,that”引导的，与框中黑体部分结构相同的句子。
One day I met a friend that I hadn’t seen for nearly a year. We talked for a while and decided that we would get together sometime and we finally agreed to meet in the restaurant where we first met.My friend is now working in a company where car parts are made. It is a big company where there are over 3,000 workers. The car parts which they make are popular all over the world.When we met again, we spent about two hours talking about the time when we worked together in a small company and the people that we remembered. We both had a wonderful time. It was soon the time for us to say goodbye to each other and we both felt a little sad.Activity 17 Discuss and match. 讨论并匹配下面对每幅图片的解释。
高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义 (1)
公共英语3级精讲班第16讲讲义DialogueDialogue 1:A tourist is looking for the Tourist Information center and asks a passerby for directions.1. I’m trying to locate the Tourist Information Center.我正在找旅行咨询中心。
locate1) 找出，指出（某人、某事物）的准确位置或地点locate an electrical faultlocate a town on a mapI’m trying to locate Mr. Smith.2) be located 将（某物）设置在某处A new factory is to be located on this site.The information office is located in the city center.2. I always seem to get lost when I try to follow directions.当我听从别人方向时，总是迷路。
Dialogue 2:A tourist wants to go to the Brooklyn Museum and asks a passerby for directions.1. As soon as I get underground I lose my sense of direction.我一进地铁就没有方向感。
lose the sense of direction2. Say, I’m going in that direction. I’ll show you w here it is.我正朝着那个方向走，我告诉你它在什么地方。
I’ll show you where it is.宾语从句用陈述句语序。
3. Think nothing of it.没关系。
高教公共英语精讲班讲义
公共英语3级精讲班第13讲讲义DialogueDialogue1:Jack is looking around in a jewelry shop. A shop assistant goes up to him to talk with him. Background knowledge:1.pearl necklace 珍珠项链2.natural pearl 天然珍珠3.cultured pearl 人工培育的珍珠4.imitation diamond 人造钻石language points:1．It’s pure white and the price is moderate.它是纯白的，而且价格适中。
moderate 中等的，适中的traveling at a moderate speedmoderate-sized bathroom2.The price is marked on the label.价格表在标签上。
be marked on 被标在---上3.It is made of natural pearls?1>be made of2>be made from4.I’d like to buy a brooch, a brooch with a diamond.我想买个胸针，带钻石的胸针。
Dialogue 2:Hawkins is a young salesman who has just left college with a degree in psychology. Now he is receiving Mary, a customer looking for a fur coat in his store. Hawkins has more interest in her motive for purchase.1.Are you being attended to, Miss?有人接待您吗？<店员问顾客）attend to sb/ sth照顾，关照某人/某物A nurse attends to his needs.Could you attend to this matter immediately?2.Can you offer me a discount?能给我打折吗？3.That’s our rock bottom price.这是我们最低的价格。
公共英语三级pets3考前串讲精华资料及复习备考指导
全国英语等级考试（三级）新世纪教育pets3包过q17951073PETS-3备考指导主讲人：张志健考试简介辅导计划目录笔试题型复习指导PETS考试概述PETS-3级别描述报名与考试时间PETS-3级考试形式计算考试分数合格成绩考试简介成绩查询⏹教育部主办全国英语等级考试(Public English Test System ，简称PETS)是经教育部批准，由教育部考试中心主办的全国统一考试。
⏹水平测试面向社会公众的英语水平测试考试。
⏹面向全民面向全社会、以全体公民为对象的非学历性证书考试，无职业、受教育程度的限制，原则上任何人都可报名参加。
⏹五层级别建立在同一能力量表之上，划分（PETS1—5）5个级别。
PETS考试概述考试简介54PETS-321⏹PETS 考试共有5个级别，PETS-3是中间级。
⏹通过该级考试的考生，其英语已达到高等教育自学考试非英语专业本科毕业水平或符合普通高校非英语专业本科毕业的要求。
⏹基本符合企事业单位行政秘书、经理助理、初级科技人员、外企职员的工作，以及同层次其他工作在对外交往中的基本需要。
PETS-3级别描述考试简介⏹12/16/7月报名每年12月或1月，6月或7月组织报名。
具体时间以当年当次当地通知为准。
⏹3/9月考试每年3月与9月（第二周周六、周日）组织考试，上下半年各一次，一年考两次。
2016年下半年考试时间为9月10日。
⏹报名方式报名方式请参见各省、地级市教育考试院或自考办通知。
登录教育部考试中心网站 查询相关通知。
报名与考试时间如何报名？考试简介PETS-3级考试形式⏹考试组成PETS-3级包括笔试和口试两种独立考试组成。
⏹学位要求只需取得三级笔试合格证书，60分即为合格；不要求口试成绩；或者三级及以上合格证书。
考试简介部分题型题量时间（分钟）原始赋分备注笔试部分听力252525分为A/B 两节，每小题1分阅读305025分为A/B/C/D 四节，前三节每题0.9分，D 节每题0.5分写作24530分为A/B 两节，A 节原始赋分满分为10分；B 节原始赋分满分为20分合计5712080各题型题量、时间和原始赋分表考试简介考试简介计算考试分数为处理好考试中题目数量、赋分与各种技能的考查关系，PETS-3考试采用分数加权办法。
高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义
公共英语3级精讲班第11讲讲义DialogueDialogue1：Dave and Mary are talking about news they read on the Internet.1.Swiss singer Gil was named the 2005 winner of the Polar Music prize for his contributions tomusic.瑞士歌手吉尔因为对音乐的贡献而赢得2005年极地音乐奖。
contributions to 对---的贡献The signing of such a treaty would be a major contribution to world peace.2. I know Gil is already 79, and he is Switzerland’s culture deputy minister now.我知道吉尔已经79岁了，现在是瑞典文化部副部长了。
3. It was founded by Thomas Anderson, manager of Swedish pop group ABBA, through a donation.它是瑞典时尚集团ABBA的经理托马斯·安德逊通过捐赠成立的。
4. Gil will receive about 137.000 U.S. dollars and he is expected to travel Sweden to collect the award on May 23.吉尔将接受137，000美元的奖励，并于五月二十三号去瑞典领取奖金。
collect the award 接受奖励，领取奖金Dialogue 2:1. Nathan Robertson and Gail Emms, the Olympic silver medalists, will have to beat the double Olympic championships at the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham next week.1) the Olympic silver medalists 奥运银牌获得者2) double Olympic championships 奥运两次金牌获得者3) the National Indoor Arena 国家室内运动场2. The University of North Carolina will offer an academic course about the show to promote it.北卡罗琳那大学提供促进这种运动的学术课程。
【中职专用】高教版2021基础模块3Part 3-4 Unit 7 教案
快速阅读，概括文章主题，画出相关的信息支撑主题，锻炼学生的提炼中心和概括能力。
通过学生细读文章，提取有关导致自然灾害的原因及应对措施等具体信息，完成表格的填写，锻炼逻辑思维能力，为后续的写作活动做语言上的准备。
分析重点词汇,短语及长难句，帮助学生把握语言表达的准确性，强化文本理解，同时为写作输出打下基础。
通过理解文章，能够判断客观事实和个人观点的表述，并找出支撑信息，锻炼审辩思维能力，搭建思维脉络，为写作做准备。
通过开放性的讨论引导学生思考并讨论人为造成的自然灾害有哪些，提出更多的应对举措，建议以此提升学生的思维素养和文化素养，培养分析能力，拓宽视野，进一步加深环保意识。
2.Finish theenvironment protection posterand check the writings in group ,then show the poster on the screen.
通过阅读图片和提示信息，补全有关自然灾害和人类活动关系的信息，提倡环保行为，为后续写作活动做语言方面的准备。
discussion,blow,loose,soil,urban,acid rain,volcano,sustainable,realize,global electric cars,definitely,prevent;
4.Read and analyze.
Discuss in groups and group the facts and opinions.Find the evidence sentence tho support the opinions to finish task12.
高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义
公共英语3级精讲班第5讲讲义DialogueDialogue :Matt Taylor is talking with one of his viewers about his job as a television weather forecaster Language points:1.weather forecaster 天气预报员2.I joined the BBC Weather Centre in June 1992 and did my first live broadcast about six monthslater.我1992年进入BBC天气预报中心，六个月以后进行我第一次的现场播报。
live: transmitted while actually happening, not recorded or edited.live football gamea live recording made at the concert3.I am passionate about the weather. 我对天气非常有热情。
be passionate about 对某方面有热情4. I do exercises to calm myself down 多做一些练习使自己镇静下来。
calm down5.It’s important to know what elements of the forecast are subject to error.知道预报的哪部分容易出错是重要的。
be subject to : often having, suffering or undergoing sth; liable to sth 常有、常患或遭受某事物、倾向某事物Are you subject to colds?Trains are subject to delay after the heavy snowfalls.The timetable is subject to alternation.MonologueMonologue 1:This is a summary of the BBC live broadcast by Jay Wynne for the U.K. on September 16th, 20041. Overnight into the 16th September 2004 we saw the winds strengthen over the northwest of the U.K. Those mighty winds pulled in a bank of cloud and some patchy rain through the small hours and into the first part of the morning.2004年9月16日英国西北部风力加强，风带来了大片的云彩，早晨上半时有短时零星小雨。
成人教育英语三级考试精讲班讲义07
词海拾贝之四：由take构成的固定搭配:take a holiday / vacation 休假、度假 take an interest in 对……感兴趣take a ride 兜风take a shower 淋浴、洗澡take a walk 散步 take after(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像take away 拿走 take care of 照看、照顾take it easy 从容、轻松、不紧张 take notes 做笔记、做记录take off 脱掉、起飞take part in 参加……take place 发生take pride in 对……感到自豪take the place of 代替、替代 take charge of 负责take out 取出 take sth into account: 考虑C: 一般过去时的重要知识点：一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的情况或动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)。
常见的时间状语如下：yesterday, yesterday morning（afternoon, evening）, the day before yesterday, just now （刚才), last +时间（如last week, month, year, Monday, … January, … spring, …）, that +时间（如that day, afternoon, summer, …）,时间 + ago （如 a few minutes ag o, two weeks ago , years ago, …）D: 现在完成时：1).现在完成时有两个主要用法，即持续性用法(或叫未完成用法)和影响性用法(或叫已完成用法)。
持续性用法表示动作发生于过去，但在过去并未完成，而是从过去一直持续到现在，此时多半会连用表示持续性的时间状语；后者指的是动作发生于过去，且在过去已经完成，但这个过去发生的动作对现在有影响，而说话者正好要强调的就是这个影响，此时一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。
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公共英语3级精讲班第7讲讲义DialogueDialogue 1Zhang, a Chinese visiting scholar, is talking about a new dining trend in the United States with Susan, an American psychologist.Cooking at the table side has always been part of traditional cooking, and is coming back in the new society.1. out-dated style 过时的样式2. I don’t quite get it. 我不太理解。
我不太理解。
get 理解I don’t get your meaning,I didn’t quite get what you said.3. Slicing, saucing, boning, dicing切片，添加调料，剔骨，切丁4. You’re being sarcastic, aren’t you? 你是在讽刺，是吗？be doing + adj 某一段时间处于某种状态be + adj 一直处于某种状态You are being slow.You are slow. She is being clever.She is clever.Dialogue 2Janet is buying some food at a shop.Background knowledge:Virginia Ham 弗吉尼亚火腿Boiled ham 熟的火腿Domestic Swiss cheese国产瑞士奶酪Imported Swiss 进口瑞士奶酪Language points1. I think I ’ll stick with the domestic. 我想我还是买国产的。
stick with sb/sth 继续支持某人/物I’m sticking with my original idea.Stick with me and you’ll be all right.3. How much do I owe you? 我需要给你多少钱？owe：1) 欠某人/某事的债He owes his father 50 yuan.2) 将某人/某事的原因归功与---He owes his success more to luck than to ability.3) 感恩，感激I owe my teachers and parents a great deal.I owe a lot to my wife and child.Dialogue 3Tom and Sally are talking about a recent study of salt intake. Background knowledge:1. high blood pressure高血压, hear t attack心脏病, stroke中风, kidney disease肾病, stomach cancer胃癌,2. Cold cuts(冷吃的)肉片, dressing食物调料（尤指拌制色拉的油和醋的混合物）, canned soups 罐装汤Language Points:1. IOM: Institute of Medicine 医学院2. It says that because of processed foods, most of us eat double the upper limit of salt.据说，因为我们食用加工过的食品，我们中的大多数摄入的盐的含量是限制盐的含量的一倍。
processed food 加工过的食品3. These days we can’t be cautious with what we eat.现在我们不可能对我们吃的东西过分仔细。
be cautious with sthBe cautious with what you have done.4. At least we can cut back on foods like cold cuts, dressings and canned soups.最少我们可以少吃冷冻肉，沙拉调料和灌装汤类的食物。
cut back (on) 大量消减某物If we don’t sell more goods, we’ll have to cut back (on) production.Dialogue 4Sam and Li Ming are talking about how to make an apple pie. Background knowledge: The ingredient s for the crust:Flour面粉, sugar糖, baking power发酵粉, salt盐, pepper胡椒, ice water冰水, butter and cheddar 黄油和奶酪The ingredient for the filling:Peeled and thinly sliced apples削皮并削成薄片的苹果, sugar塘, flour面粉, lemon juice and some flavoring 柠檬汁和一些调味料Language points:1. My favorite is apple pie with cheddar crust.我最喜欢的是带有硬奶酪壳的苹果馅饼。
2. Combine the first five ingredients. Cut in butter. When the mixture resembles coarse meal, pu t in cheese and water. Stir the mixture until it leaves sides of the bowls. Shape it into a flat disk and wrap in plastic. Chill it for an hour. Then it’s time to make the filling.把前五种成分混合，在里面放入黄油。
当混合物表面变得粗糙时，在里面放入奶酪和水。
搅动混合物直到它离开碗底。
把它放在平底盘中包上塑料膜冷却一个小时。
然后在做馅。
3. Mix all the ingredients in a glass pie plate. On a floured surface, roll the crust mixture in to a round shape. Cover the apples with the round crust mixture. Back for 20 minutes on a baking sheet preheated to 450°.Then reduce heat to 350° and bake 20 minutes more.把所有的混合物放在玻璃盘里。
在盘表面放上面粉，然后把混合物做成圆形。
用圆型混合物覆盖苹果。
在温度为450度的烤箱里烘烤20分钟，然后把温度降到350再烘烤20分钟。
4. Easier said than done 说着容易，做着难。
Passage:1. The air is filled with vital fragrances for the fruits and vegetables piled high in the greengrocers’creative layouts.空气里充满着被蔬菜水果商有创意的高高堆起的水果和蔬菜的香味。
be filled with 充满着piled high 高高的堆起的（过去分词短语做后置定语，表完成表被动）2. Nothing has stood for France’s sense of exceptionalism more famous than its cooking. 没有什么能象厨艺那样代表法国的独特性了。
stand for 代表3. Believe it or not, one restaurant associated with a famous Paris chef serves steak with a sau cethat’s indistinguishable from the stuff on a big Mac.信不信由你，与法国著名厨师相关的饭店所提供的带汁牛排与巨五霸的牛排没有多大的区别。
believe it or not 信不信由你be associated with 与---相关的，将---联系起来Whiskey is usually associated with Scoltland.be indistinguishable form 与---不同The coast is indistinguishable in the mist.在雾中很难辨认出海岸。
4. They have got struck in the red tape for which France is infamous — not to mention regulati onsform Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the Brie cheese.他们已经陷入法国所不擅长的繁文缛节中。
从布鲁塞尔那儿传来的那些规则从营业税到布里奶酪中的细菌事件就更不要提了。
get struck in the red tape 陷入繁文缛节中 Brussels 布鲁塞尔（比利时首都）欧盟总部所在的not to mention5. France’s problem isn’t the lack of creativity, but rather an unfavorable political environm ent for creativity.法国的问题不是缺乏创造性，而是政府环境不适合人们发挥创造力。
ExercisesExercises:Passage 11.第一段第四句“Businessmen come here to prove their wealth”。
最后一句“By spending lots of money on game, they can close the deal with business partners who are impressed with their expen sive tastes”。