苏教版英语8B-unit1-past-and-present知识点梳理
8B Unit 1 Past and present
8B Unit 1 Past and present一、重点词组ed to do sth 过去常常做某事be / get/become used to doing sth 习惯于做某事*be used to do sth 被用来做某事2. share sth with sb 和某人分享某物*share n. 份额，股份3. be kind / nice/ friendly to sb 对某人友好* It is kind of sb to do sth 对于某人来说，做某事是好心的* kindness n. 好心4. at different times 在不同的时代*at a time 一次*at times 有时5. take turns to do sth 轮流做某事* It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事6. sb spends some time on sth/ sb spends some time doing sth= It takes sb some time to do sth 某人花费时间做某事7. interview sb = have an interview with sb 采访某人get some information 得到一些信息*information 不可数名词message 消息可数名词take a message 带个口信8. know sb/ sth very well 对某人/某物很了解9. move sth away from sp 把某物搬离某地move to sp 搬到某地move away 搬走10. in the southern part of…= in the south of…在…的南部(范围内)to the south of…= be south of …在…南部（范围外）eastern 东部的western 西部的northern 北部的11. get/be married to sb 嫁给某人get married用于一般过去时；have/has been married 用于现在完成时*marry sb 嫁/娶某人marry A to B 把A嫁给B12. move two blocks away 搬了两个街区远13. over the years 多年以来14. turn part of the town centre into a new park 把镇中心的部分变成一个新公园turn…into…* change…into…把…变成…turn on/off 打开/关掉*turn up 把音量调高/出现*turn down 把音量调低/拒绝*turn around 转过身15. a large shopping mall 一个大型的购物大厦16. a pollution problem 一个污染问题*pollute v. 污染*polluted adj. 污染的17. put the waste into the river 把垃圾放进河里waste n. 废弃物*waste v. 浪费waste sth *waste n. a waste of time 浪费时间18. realize the problems 意识到了这个问题*realize = be aware of 意识到*realize one’s dream= one’s dream comes true 实现某人的梦想19. take action to do sth= act to do sth 行动做某事20. improve the situation 改善这种情况*improvement n. 改善，改进21. much cleaner 干净多了*much/even/a little/a bit/ far/ still等后用比较级22. in some ways 在某种程度上/在某些方面on one’s way to sp. 在某人去某地的路上by the way 顺便说一下in the way 挡道in any way 在任何方面in this way 以这种方式23. most of my old friends 我的大部分老朋友most friends 大多数朋友24. so often as before 和以前一样经常地as…. as 和…一样not as/so…as 不如24. play cards and Chinese chess 打牌和下中国象棋play+乐器类单词play+球类/棋牌类单词play with 玩具类单词25、feel a bit lonely感到有点儿孤独（寂寞）live alone 独自居住*alone= by oneself= on one’s own 独自*a lonely village 一个偏僻的村庄26、from time to time = sometimes= at times有时27、because of + n. / v-ing 因为because后跟原因状语从句28、know little about sth. 对……知之甚少a few 一些后跟复数few 几乎没有+复数a little 一点儿后跟不可数名词little 几乎没有+不可数名词29、take place / happen 发生(没有被动语态)*break out 爆发(没有被动语态)*run out 用光(没有被动语态)30、all one’s life一生，一辈子，终生31、over the past century在过去的一个世纪里32、hear about …听说关于……hear of 听说hear from 收到某人的来信33、living conditions 居住条件living area 生活区域*living adj. 活的*live, alive, living，lively的区别1）alive 意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。
8B Unit 1 Past and present知识清单
8B Unit 1 Past and present 知识清单一、Comic strip and Welcome to the unit.1.past and present 过去和现在【区别】① (A)in the past在过去（past作名词，此短语用于过去时句型中）(B)in/over/during the past ten years在过去的10年中（past作形容词，此短语用于现在完成时句型中）(C) half past one 一点半（past作介词）②at present = now = at the moment 现在，目前2.I have just eaten it. 我刚把它吃掉了。
【现在完成时】★【区别】①just now刚才（用于过去时中）I bougt a new bike just now.②just 刚才（用于现在完成时中）I have just bought a new bike just now.3.in the bowl 在碗里ed to share food with me 过去常常和我一起分享食物【used to do sth. 过去曾经做某事】ed to be so kind to me 过去常常对我这么友好【be kind/friendly/nice to sb.对某人友好】★【重点】①used to do sth. （过去时）过去经常做某事，曾经做某事。
My father used to be a teacher. = He was a teacher in the past.There used to be a small bridge over the river.= There was a small river over the river in the past.②be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于做某事【此句型中to为介词】I am used to getting up early.③be used to do sth. = be used for doing sth.（被动语态）被用来做某事Wood is used to make paper. =Wood is used for making paper.6.transport at different times 不同时代的交通(工具)7. take turns to talk about it 轮流谈论它①take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事③wait for one’s turn to do sth. 等待轮到某人做某事8. I used to go to school by bike. 我过去常骑自行车去上学。
8BUnit 1 past and present短语
8B Unit1 词组1. not…any more = no more // not …any longer = no longer 不再,再也不……2. in the past 在过去3. in /during/over the past few years 在过去的几年时间里4. at present 在现在5. in the centre of town = in the town centre 在镇中心6. It’s pleasant to do sth 干某事很高兴7. do a history project on the changes 做一个有关于变迁的历史课题8. the changes to／in Sunshine Town 阳光镇的变化9. transport at different times 不同时代的交通工具10. interview sb to get some information. 采访某人以获取一些信息11. ask sb for help 向某人求助12. move house 搬家13. since then 从那时起14. move to another flat in the centre of the town with my family和我家人搬到镇中心的另一所公寓15. be // get married to sb= marry sb 和某人结婚16. be// get married 结婚17. for example 例如18. live in the southern part of town together till 1965 一起在镇的南部住到1965年19. as often as before 像以前一样经常/频繁20. market stalls 零售货摊21. turn/change the place into a post office 把这地方变成邮电局22. play cards and Chinese chess at weekends 在周末打牌下中国象棋23. reduce water pollution 减少水污染24. a shoe factory\ shoe factories 一家鞋厂/鞋厂25. used to dump its waste into the river 过去经常把它的废水倒入河里26. the poison in the waste polluted the river 废弃物里的毒药污染河流27. The government realized it was a very serious problem政府意识到它是一个非常严重的问题28. take action to protect the environment 采取措施保护环境29. in some ways 在某些方面30. have open space and pretty gardens 拥有开放的空间和漂亮的花园31. become more difficult to see some of my old friends 看望我的老朋友变得更困难32. feel a bit /a little lonely from time to time 不时地感到有点孤独33. move next to the park 搬到公园隔壁34. move out of //into --- 搬出……// 搬进---35. throw away something// throw it away 扔走某东西36. hear from sb. = get/receive a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信37. have an interview with sb /interview sb 对某人进行一次采访38. tell me a lot about his past and present 告诉我很多有关他过去和现在的事39. the history of the town 小镇的历史40. miss his old friends 想念他的老朋友41. be lucky enough to do sth 足够幸运地干某事42. hear about the future plan 听说这未来计划43. enjoy the exhibition 喜欢展览44. in fact 实际上45. a place of natural beauty 一个自然美的地方46. borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人47. be in service = be in use 被使用48. in primary school 在小学里49. on one's own /alone/ by oneself 独自50. have time to relax more 有时间去更多的放松51. have more free time 有更多的空闲时间52. have the same feeling as you 和你有同样的感受53. stay after school to chat with friends 放学后留下来和朋友聊天54. many buses pass the town 许多公共汽车经过镇55. bring many advantages 带来许多好处(优势)56. bring them a modern life 给他们带来一种现代化的生活57. the title of your report …你报告的题目58. get lost = be lost = lose one's way 迷路59. become a new tourist attraction 成为一个新的旅游景点60. next to the clock tower 在钟楼的旁边61. a few/ several times 几次62. repair over ten bicycles 修了十多辆自行车63. at the history museum 在历史博物馆64. decide to do sth / make up one’s mind to do sth 决定做某事65. travel by plane 乘飞机旅行66. look up the word in the dictionary 在字典里查单词67. cause many problems for people 给人们产生许多的问题68. by the way 顺便问一下69. own a boat 拥有一艘船70. show sb how to do sth. 示范给某人看如何做某事71. the best model I have ever seen 我曾经所见过的最好的模型72．fresh air 新鲜空气73. lose my map 丢了我的地图74. a recent report / photo 最近的报道／照片。
江苏新教材牛津英语八年级下 Unit1 Past and present Welcome to the unit
Listen and answer
1. Does Hobo think Eddie has changed? Why? Yes. Because he used to share food with him.
Listen and answer
2. What was in the bowl an hour ago? Hobo’s food .
2. 技能目标： 1)了解北京不同时代的交通工具。 2)谈论自己、家人和朋友过去和现在使用的 不同交通工具。 3)初步认识现在完成时。 3. 情感目标：通过交通方式的变化，了解并 体会北京的巨大变化。
Lead-in
Happy New Year, boys and girls! We’re glad to be back at school again. You are one year older and you’re taller. All of you have changed.
Unit 1 Past and present Welcome to the unit
1.知识目标： 学习词汇：past , present, just 学习词组： used to do sth, Share sth with sb, go to school, by bike, take a bus 学习句子： You used to share food with me! It took a long time to wait for the next one.
Homework 1. Recite the sentences of the comic pictures. 2. 翻译下列词组 1）在碗中 2）过去常常 3）和……一起分享 4）家乡 5）在不同的时代 6）在过去的二十年中 7）北京的变化 8）一项历史项目
8BUnit1知识点归纳
14. factory a place where things are made by machines 工厂 （factories)
a steel/car factory 一家钢铁/汽车厂 two shoe factories 两家鞋厂
15. waste 废料；废品浪费
The knife is used for cutting apples. be/become/get used to sth习惯于某事， be/become/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事
Tom is used to getting up early. Tom习惯于早起。
The old man isn’t used to the city life. 这个老人不习惯城市生活。
He used to get up late, so he isn’t used to getting up early. 他过去经常起的晚，所以他不习惯早起
The life we were used to has changed a lot. 我们过去习惯了的生活已经改变了许多。
5. since 自…以来
1. past 名词过去 2. In the past 在过去
3. There was a cinema in this area in the past. 4. 过去这儿有一个电影院。 5. In the past two years在过去的两年中（用于完成
时）
6. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past two years.
18. situation 形势，情况
8B Unit 1 Past and present语法词组总结
8B Unit 1 Past and presentGrammarⅠPresent perfect tense一、现在完成时谓语动词的定义：A.现在完成时态表示动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
e.g. 1.He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。
)B.现在完成时态表示动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
e.g. 1.He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。
( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。
)二、现在完成时谓语动词的构成：have/has+ved （其中have/has为助动词，ved为动词的过去分词。
）e.g . I have finished the composition already.四、过去分词的构成1、直接加–ed looked watched2、以不发音的e结尾的，加–d changed moved3、以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，加-ed studied carried4、重读闭音节，一元加一辅，双写辅音字母，加-ed planned dropped★现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对"现在"产生的影响。
如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。
(只说明去桂林的时间)2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。
不与确定的过去时间状语连用。
如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。
(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)3. 两种时态的区分(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have /has +过去分词”。
8BUnit1Past and present重点句型
Unit 1 Past and present (现在完成时I)W: 1. He used to travel by bike in the past. (by不是动词，后面跟抽象化的方式，所以没有冠词)2. It took us a long time to wait for the next bus. (区别spend、pay、take和cost)R: 3. He has lived in the northern part of the town center since he got married.4. Has her husband changed a lot over the years?5. The waste and pollution from the steel factories are turning the blocksinto a dirty area.6. Later the government realized the problem and took action to improvethe situation.7. In some ways, the life is much better than before. However, it hasbecome impossible for them to see each other as often as before.(much修饰比较级、as... as结构该复习了)8. Does he feel a bit lonely from time to time?G: 9. -- Have you watched the amazing interviews about environment on TV recently? -- Not yet.I: 10. She went abroad last year and has just returned from the USA. 11. – How do you keep in touch with each other under such conditions?-- We mainly communicate by email.12. -- Does the Internet make communication much easier? (much+比较级；much easier做补语)-- Yes. Exactly.13. Have you got used to the open space since you moved to thecountryside(U2生词)?14. How many changes have taken place in your hometown?掌握下列动词的过去式和过去分词：fit ______ _______ plan ______ _______ hit ______ ______ put ______ ______meet ______ ______ make ______ _______ eat _____ _____ sell ______ _______give ______ ______ write ______ ________ think ________ ________carry _______ ________ catch ________ _________ lend ________ ________forget ________ _________ fall _______ _________ draw _______ ________。
苏教版中考英语复习各单元要点8B_U1(最新整理)
(牛津初中英语总复习)8B Unit 1一.【精选词汇】 ㈠重点短语 1. the changes to Sunshine Town阳光镇的变化→the changes to… …的变化(p8) 〈知识链接〉change n.变化，常用复数changes。
e.g. Great changes have taken place since 1995. 2. in the southern part of town →in the southern part of…在…的南部→south→southern 〈知识链接〉east东部→eastern东部的, west →western, north →northern 3. in the past在过去→at present现在→in the future未来；将来，注意这些短语中的介词和冠词。
4. turn the place into a park →turn…into…把…变成… 〈知识链接〉①Heat turns water into vapor.热使水变成蒸气。
②Turn this sentence into English. 5. play cards and Chinese chess打牌、下象棋，e.g. It’s pleasant to play cards and Chinese chess. 6. water pollution水污染→air pollution空气污染，noise pollution噪音污染(p9) 〈知识链接〉Water pollution was a problem before. 7. used to dump its waste into water →used to do sth过去常做某事，注意否定式、疑问式的形式 〈知识链接〉⑴used to do sth →否定式used not to do sth或didn’t use to do sth→疑问式Didsb use to do sth?或Used sb to do sth? ⑵There be和used to合用的形式为There used to be。
江苏新教材牛津英语八年级下 Unit1 Past and present Grammar
More practice
hasn’t finished (not finish) the 1. He ______________
homework yet. He will try to finish it
quickly. 2. My family ________ has lived (live) in Nanjing since 1996. 3. _____ ______ (know) him since Have you known then?
over the past century. From this have learnt (learn) film, I (4)______________ more about Beijing’s past and
present. have heard Sandy: Oh, I think I (5)__________(hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again? Millie: Yes, I’d like to.
7. My father went to Beijing two weeks haven’t seen (not see) him since ago. I____________ then. 8. ____ Has Tom _______ written (write) letters to you recently? 9. Jack’s mother isn’t at home. She ________ has gone (go) to the supermarket.
3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句
句型 Have/Has+主语+过去分词 Have you….? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he….? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
苏教版译林牛津英语8B单词表(含音标精编版)
tiny
'taɪnɪ
adj.极小的
18
fall over
摔倒
19
continue
kən'tɪnju:
vi.&vt.继续
20
either
ˈaɪðə(r)
adv.也
21
manage
'mænɪdʒ
vi.&vt.设法完成；管理
22
lift
lɪft
vt.举起，抬高；提高
23
army
'ɑ:mɪ
n.大批，大群
ˈgæðə(r)
*vi.&vt.聚集，集合
54
darkness
'dɑ:knəs
*n.黑暗
55
lawn
lɔ:n
*n.草坪
56
musical
ˈmju:zikəl
*n.音乐剧
57
sail
seɪl
*n.帆
8B Unit4A good read单词
序号
英文
音标
中文
1
read
ri:d
n.读物
2
cooking
ˈkʊkɪŋ
rɪ'məʊt kən'trəʊl
*n.遥控器
48
ah
ɑ:
*excl.(表示惊奇,高兴等)啊
49
channel
'tʃænl
*n.频道
50
word processing
wə:d prəʊˈsesɪŋ
*n.文字处理
51
icon
'aɪkɒn
*n.图标
52
click
(word完整版)8Bunit1_Past and present_短语和句型
8B Unit 1 Past and present一、词组1)过去常常做某事 used to do sth2)习惯做某事 be/get used to doing sth3)被用来做某事 be used to do sth4)对某人友好 be kind to sb5)和某人分享某物 share sth with sb6)做一份历史课题 do a history project7)这些年，历年 over the years8)北京的变化 the changes in Beijing9)不同时代的运输工具 transport at different times10)不同形式的交通工具 different forms of transport11)等候下一班公交车 wait for the next bus12)搬家 move house13)居住在城镇的北部 live in the northern part of town14)和某人结婚 get/be married to sb15)结婚 marry sb16)从那以后 since then17)把……变成…… turn… into …18)一家钢铁厂 a steel factory19)往河里扔废物 put the waste into the river20)采取措施改善在这种情况 take action to improve the situation21)在某种程度上 in some ways22)我的大部分老朋友 most of my old friends23)像以前一样经常 as often as before24)打牌和下中国象棋 play cards and Chinese chess25)感觉有一点孤独 feel a bit lonely26)有时，偶尔 from time to time / sometimes27)发生 take place28)阳光镇的历史 the history of Sunshine Town29)采访某人 interview sb/have an interview with sb30)某人的一生 all one’s life31)在过去 /在现在/在将来 in the past/at present/ in the future32)教许多关于中国的历史 teach a lot about the history of China33)学习更多关于北京的过去和现在 learn more about Beijing’s past and present34)听说这部电影 hear about the film35)计划做某事 plan to do sth36)居住环境，居住条件 living conditions37)干净又新鲜的空气 clean and fresh air38)从……返回 return from / come back from39)回到…… return to40)出国 / 国内外 go abroad /at home and abroad41)和……保持联系 keep in touch with42)主要通过电子邮件交流 mainly communicate by email43)让交流变得容易的多 make communication much easier44)玩乐的好去处 a good place to have fun45)穿过城镇的中心 run through the centre of the town46)很快适应生活的变化 get used to the changes of life quickly47)独自、独立 on one’s own48)大的空地 large open space49)在两边 on both sides/on each/either side50)享受舒适的生活 enjoy a comfortable life51)搬到/搬进/搬出 move to /move into / move out of52)水/噪音/空气污染 water/noise/air pollution/noise53)乘汽车往返城镇 travel to and from the town54)听收音机 listen to the radio55)在他们的空余时间 in their free time二、句型1。
苏教版牛津英语8BUnit1Pastandpresent
第二部分 短语句型
1. 不再 2. 很了解 3. 自打那时起 4. 在镇的南部 5. 结婚 6. 这些年 7. 变化很大 8. 变……为…… 9. 下象棋 10. 水污染 11. 干净多了 12. 在某种程度上 13. 一个严重的问题 14. 开阔的空间 15. 时不时 16. 搬家
become much quieter than before.
4. I’m afraid the post office _is_n_’_t_ there _a_n_y__m__o_r_e_ because things has changed a
lot.
选用词组的适当形式填空
get married, turn …into, in fact, change a lot, in the past, noise pollution, as often as, from time to time, not… any more
7. easy (比较级) easier 8. marry(形容词) married
9. recent (副词) recently
（名词）
10. bring (过去分词) brought
marriage
11. cheap (反义词) expensive
12. nature (形容词) natural
30.引发许多问题
cause many problems
31.游客向往的地方 a good place to go /
tourist attraction
32.有相同的感受
have the same feeling
选用词组的适当形式填空
[译林版]8B Unit1 Past and present 知识点梳理
![[译林版]8B Unit1 Past and present 知识点梳理](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/fc84bd3a680203d8cf2f2413.png)
8B Unit 1 Past and presentpast n. 意为“过去” in the past 过去（过去时）in the past few years 在过去的几年中present n. 现在，目前at present 目前n.礼物in the future 未来；将来Comic strip ＆Welcome to the unit1、It was in the bowl an hour ago一个小时之前在碗里的an hour ago 一小时前in thebowl在碗里2. I've just eaten it.我刚才把它吃了。
(eat-ate-eaten)just adv. 意为“刚才” 常与完成时连用。
他们刚刚到达。
They have just arrived.注意：just now 意为“刚才”，相当于“a moment ago”通常与一般过去时连用。
我刚才去了图书馆。
I went to the library just now.3. You used to share food with me! 你过去常与我分享食物！●used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯。
本身已是过去时态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此。
1) 他的父母过去住在乡下。
His pare2nts used to live in the countryside.2) Tom 过去常常早起，不是吗？Tom used to get up early, didn't he?/ usedn't he?●be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事My father is used to reading newspapers after dinner.●be used to do 被用来做…… A pen is used to write with.笔是用来写的。
江苏专版译林八下U1知识点总结
江苏专版译林八下U1知识点总结1、Past and present 过去和现在1)解析: past,名词，意为“过去”,常用单数形式，前面加定冠词the或其他限定词。
固定短语: in the past在过去one's past某人的过去。
如: We know nothing of his past.我们对他的过去一无所知。
The past is past. Let us look ahead.过去的就让它过去吧。
让我们向前看。
拓展: past的其他用法:past作介词，意为“晚于;.....之后”; past 作介词或副词,意为“经过”; past 作形容词，意为“过去的”。
如: It is ten past eight now.现在是8点10分。
He walks past the post office every day.他每天步行经过这个邮局。
They walked past without stopping.他们一步不停地走了过去。
The time for discussion is past.讨论的时间已过。
2)解析：present, 名词，意为"现在，目前”。
固定短语: at present意为“现在"，相当于now.如: We don't need it any more at present.现在我们不再需要它了。
拓展: present的其他用法:present 作名词，还表示“礼物"，相当于gift ; present作形容词，意为“目前的，现在的"。
如: We bought her a nice birthday present.我们给她买了一件精致的生日礼物。
We are facing lots of problems at the present time.目前我们正面临着许多问题。
2、I've just eaten it.我刚刚把它吃了。
8B Unit1 Past and present短语和句型整理背诵
8B Unit1 Past and presentUnit1 重点短语1.一小时前an hour ago2.过去常常和我分享食物used to share food with me3.太多人too many people4.自从我出生以来since I was born5.搬家move house6.住在城镇北部live in the northern part of town7.多年前years ago8.在镇中心in the town center9.把…变成…turn …into…10.结婚get married11.自从那时开始since then12.改变许多change a lot13.一家钢厂 a steel factory14.把废料排入河中put the waste into the river15.意识到这个问题realize the problem16.采取行动改善这种情况take action to improve the situation17.在某种程度上in some ways18.拥有一个美丽的现代化城镇have a beautiful modern town19.打牌和下中国象棋play cards and Chinese chess20.偶尔感到有点寂寞feel a bit lonely from time to time21.尽可能经常as often as possible22.在过去in the past23.从父母那搬走move away from their parents24.某人的一生all one’s life25.搬到两个街区以外的另一套公寓里move to another flat two blocks away26.教给我们许多中国历史方面的知识teach us a lot about the history of China27.坐公车来往于小镇travel to and from the town by bus28.从美国回来return from the USA29.出国go abroad30.互相保持联系keep in touch with each other31.主要用电邮交流mainly communicate by email32.使交流容易得多make communication much easier33.到处都是青山green hills all around34.有更多功课要学have more subjects to learn35.很快适应生活的变化get used to the changes of life quickly36.独自乘公交车去上学go to school by bus on one’s own37.狭窄肮脏的道路narrow and dirty roads38.一些开阔的空地large open spaces39.乘出租车四处旋转go around by taxi40.这学期转入一所新学校move to a new school this term41.居住条件living conditions42.在过去几年里/一个世纪里over the years/ the past centuryUnit1 重点句子1.你看到我的食物了吗？是的，我刚把它吃了。
Unit1 Past and Present课堂知识点重点笔记讲义 牛津译林版八年级英语下册
Unit1 Past and Present课堂知识点重点笔记讲义牛津译林版八年级英语下册8B U1 Past and presentComic strip-Welcome to the unit Key points01.现在完成时的结构▲①现在完成时的结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词, 助动词要随着主语的变化而变化，当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词要用has。
▲②现在完成时通常表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且还可能继续下去，或者表示过去的行为对现在造成一定的影响，可能还会产生结果等。
◆in the past/last ten/few years 在过去的十/几年里◆over the past/last ten/few years 在过去的十/几年里02.ago adv.以前▲ago的时间参照点是现在或说话的当时，通常与一般过去时连用。
看到ago，通常用一般过去时▲before通常用来表示“过去"的某个时间点之前，一般与现在完成时或过去完成时连用。
速记小法：before和ago巧记口诀:before常在点之前，ago总在段之后，before时态不确定，过去时中用ago。
▲before adv.以前，过去prep.在......之前▲before doing sth.03.just adv.刚才just可用于现在完成时中，置于助动词与实义动词之间，意为“刚才”。
◆just now = a moment ago 刚才(常用于一般过去时)◆just/wait a moment/minute 等一会儿；等一下；就来了；请稍等◆just then = at that moment 就在那时(常用于一般过去时)[单选常考混淆辨析]A.ever 曾经B. never 从不C.just 刚才D.still 仍然；依旧[联想拓展]→just = only adv.(加强语气)正好；仅仅，只不过→just adj.公正的；合适的ed to do sth.▲used to do sth. 过去常常做某事,表示过去经常性、反复性或习惯性的动作或状态，暗含的意思为“过去经常这样做，但现在却不这样做了"。
牛津译林版(江苏)八年级英语下册单元讲义第八讲 Unit 1 Past and present (
第八讲- Unit 1 Past and present （2）适用学科英语适用年级初二适用区域江苏本讲时长90分钟知识点1.掌握第一单元重点短语知识点2. 现在完成时用法教学目标1知识目标：能够掌握本单元的单词2.技能目标：掌握现在完成时3.情感目标：让学生学会描述过去已经发生的事情，能在语境中熟练地运用现在完成时，要系统练习。
教学重难点现在完成时教学过程一．知识讲解一．重点词汇1.marry sb/get married to /be married to/marry sb to sb2.past(1)n. in the past(2) adv. They went past just now.(3) adj in/during the past few years)(4) prep. It’s half past two.(c.f. passed)3.present n.(1)=gift (2) at presentv. present sb with sth ( presentation)adj. not absent4. over (1)prep. (1)all over the world(2)=more than(3) (c.f. above, on)(4) over the past 100 years(2)adv. be overPhrases: over and over again, come over, all over,go over,over again5. times:at different times;three times a day; at t imes;The New York Times6.south(n.) southern(adj.) : in the southern part of the town7.turn: v.turn round;turn left/right; turn gray; turn into;turn up/down; turn on/offn. take tu rns to do sth; It’s one’s turn to do sth; wait for one’s turn8. alone (c.f. lonely)9. used to; be used to do sth; be used to doing sth10. waste: v. waste time doing sthn. dump waste into the river; It’s a waste of time to do sth11.poison (n.) poisonous (adj.)12.pollute: (v) pollute the air/water pollution(n.) air pollution13.in some ways;in many ways;in the way; on the way to…; by the way14.a bit (c.f. a little)15.throw:( throw-threw-thrown) throw away; throw at…16.interview: (interview sb;have/give an interview with sb.)17.luck: (c.f. lucky,unlucky, luckily, unluckily)good luck to sb, good luck with sth18.unpleasant: (c.f. please,pleased, pleasing, pleasant, unpleasant, pleasure)19.unhealthy: (c.f. health, healthy,healthily,healthier)20.own: (v.) own a shop owner(adj.) my own bookon one’s own, of one’s own21.develop: ( developed, developing, development)22. lend: (lend-le nt-lent) (c.f. borrow)23.attraction: (attract, attractive, attraction) a tourist attraction24.since(1) +Clause He hasn’t been home since he graduatedSince you are nit interested, I won’t tell you ab out it.(2)+n. They have been friends since childrenhood.ever since (c.f. since then)since/for二．重点词组1一个小时前 an hour ago2同某人一起玩 play with sb3在过去的一百年里 over the past 100 years4不同时期的运输 transport at different times5轻轨 light rail6采访某人 interview sb = have an interview with sb7从那时起 since then8搬家 move house9住在城南 live in the southern part of town10住在一起 live to gether11结婚 get / be married12在…镇中心 in the center of town13给我们买一套新房子 buy us a new flat14改变许多 change a lot15在过去 in the past16小饭店 small restaurants17把…变成turn…into18打牌 play cards19下中国象棋 play Chinese chess20一家鞋厂 a shoe factory21水污染 water pollution22过去常常做某事 used to do23被用来做… be used to do24习惯做… be used to doing25把废物倒入河中 dump waste into the river26废物中的毒素 the poison in the waste27杀死鱼和植物 kill fish and plants28一个非常严重的问题 a very serious problem29采取行动降低污染 take action to reduce the pollution 30干净多了 much cleaner31在某些方面 in some ways32开阔的空间 open space33看望我的一些老朋友 see some of my old friends34搬出/进/到 move out of….. /into / to35感到一点寂寞 feel a bit lonely36有时，时不时 from time to time37像以前一样经常 as often as before38镇的历史 the history of the town39非常了解某人 know sb very well40看到阳光镇的变化 see the changes to Sunshine Town 41修理十多辆自行车 repair over ten bicycles42在过去的一个世纪里 over the past century43 喜欢展览 enjoy the exhibition44听说某事 hear about something45北京的过去与现在Beijing’s past and present46在那里呆整整一星期 stay there for a whole week47 事实上 in fact48 我看过的最好的模型 the best model I have seen49 借给某人某物 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb50 例如 for example51 投入使用中 be in service52 乘汽车往返城镇 travel to and from town by bus53 在小学 in primary school54送我去上学 take me to school55独自地 on one’s own56 有更多的空余时间 have more free time57 有时间放松 have time to relax58 有同样的感觉 have the same feeling59 喜欢与…聊天 enjoy chatting with…60 新鲜的空气 fresh air61 一个新的火车站 a new railway station62 现代化的生活 a modern life63 更快更容易 faster and easier64 带来许多好处 bring many advantages65引发许多问题 cause many problems66 你报告的题目 the title of your report67 最近的照片 the recent photo68 在钟楼的旁边 next to the clock tower69 不再not… any more= no longer / no more70 一个新的旅游景点 a new tourist attraction三．重点句型1. Now the government has turned the place intoa park,and we have a large shopping mall and a theatre too.2.The town has changed a lot over the years=Great changes have taken place in the town over the years=There have been great changes in the town over the years.3.The pollution was terrible then because the factory used to dump its wasteinto the river4. It’s nice to have open space and pretty gardens.5. They have moved to other areas in Beijing, and I f eel a bit lonely from time to time.ter, the government realized it was a serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution.7. I had an interview with Daniel’s grandpa this morning.8.It’s difficult for him to see some of the m as often as bofore.9. I must say that it’s the best model I have ever seen10. There are now many new words, new buildings and a lot more people.11.Today, Daniel lent me a book about Starlight Town in the past and the present.12.The changes to Moonlight Town have brought many advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people.13. I’m happy that she has time to relax more.语法一. 定义：1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
8B unit1 past and present标题解析：Past and present(1)past 做名词，表示“过去，往昔”in the past 在过去，从前=years agoPast 做形容词，表示”过去的“，in the past few years在过去的几年当中Past 做副词，表示”经过，过去“，walk past the house, drive past the post office 走过...;驶过...Past 做介词，表示”超过，在...之后“，ten past seven, 7点10分辨析：past/passpast做介词，跟动词连用，如run past, walk past, hurry past, drive past...不能单独使用表示经过Pass做动词，直接跟宾语，如pass the house, pass the supermarket; 此外，pass当动词表示“递给”pass me the salt 例题：When I walked the playground, I saw a lot of boys there.A.Past; play footballB.Passed; playing footballC.Past; playing footballD.Passed; play football(2)Present 做名词，表示“现在”，at present现在=nowPresent 做名词，表示“礼物”，buy sb. a present=buy a present for sb.Present 做形容词，表示“现在的，目前的”，the present condition 目前的状态the present day当代的例题：汉译英他们经常谈论过去，现在和将来。
请访问我们的网站，来购买特别的礼物。
一.词汇拓展1.marry v. →married (adj.) 已婚的2. communicate v. →communication (n.)3. north n. →northern (adj.)4. wife n. →wives(复数)5. interview v. →interviewer (n.) 采访者6.recent adj. →recently (adv.)7.exact adj. →exactly (adv.)8.pollute v. →pollution(n.)二.重点短语1.和某人分享某物2.对某人好3.不同时期的交通工具4.阳光镇的变化5.非常了解这个地方不太了解那个地方6.从那时起自从2005年以来自从去年以来自从三个星期前以来7.搬家搬到南京搬走搬出搬进一座新公寓搬到两个街区以外8.在…南部9.结婚10.变化很大变成change n.改变（可数）找零，零钱（不可数）11.在过去在现在12.这些年以来13.把…变成翻到14.打牌下中国象棋15.简单快捷16.花费时间做某事17.水污染噪音污染减少污染18.过去经常做某事19.像以前一样经常地20.把…扔进21.一个很严重的问题22.采取行动做某事23.在某种程度上顺便问一下在去…的路上挡路24.开阔的空间/ 户外活动场所25.不时地，偶尔26. 一处自然景点地方27.从…借…借给某人…/把…借给…28.在使用中29.带…去…30.独自地31.居住环境32.清新的空气33.和他的父母一起出国37.保持联系38.近期照片recent 在近几年中39. 通过email交流40.使交流简单41. 在镇中心三.重点句子1.-Eddie，have you seen my food ? ----Yes. I’ve just eaten it.Just 表示“刚刚”，表示刚刚发生的事情，用于现在完成时态。
辨析：just/just now/just then/right nowJust:刚刚，用在现在完成时态如：我刚刚完成作业。
Just now: 刚才，用在一般过去时态如：我刚才在花园里找到了手表。
Just then: 就在那时，用于一般过去时态如：就在那时，车祸发生了。
Right now: 现在=now, at present, at the moment, 用于一般现在或者现在进行时如：他们正在做一个历史课题。
.2.You’ve eaten my food? 陈述式疑问句，常用在口语当中，表示对某件事情的把握比较大，但是需要对方证实一下，结构仍然用陈述句，在句末加上问号。
如：你已经去过老师的办公室了吗？老师对你说什么了？.3. You used to share food with me!辨析：used to do/be used to do/be used to doing /get used to doing(1)used to do表示过去常常做某事而现在不再做了，只有过去时态，变否定为didn’t use to do/usedn’t to do；一般疑问句也有两种形式。
(2)Be used to do sth. 表示被用来做某事，be 动词形式根据具体时态来定，如：wood is used to make tables.(3)Be used to sth./doing sth. 表示习惯于(做)某事，常与一般现在时态和现在完成时态连用。
如：My sister is used to the new school now.My sister has already been used to studying in the new school.注意，如果表示习惯于做某事，动词一定要用ing形式。
如：他已经习惯了在新环境里生活。
.(4)Get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于做某事比较侧重动作。
例题：--Do you remember there a river here?--Of course. I often swam in it when I was young.A. used to beingB. used to beC. was used to beD. was used to being4. Why didn’t you take a bus?=why not take a bus?表示乘坐交通工具的方法：（1）by+交通工具名称，如：by car/bus/boat/plane/bike... on foot（2）By+地理名词，表示“通过...的途径”，如：by water(走水路)，by sea (走海路)，by air（=by plane）（3）Take +限定词+交通工具，如：take a bus, take a train（4）In+限定词+全封闭交通工具，如：in a taxi/car/plane（5）On+限定词+开放式或半封闭的交通工具，如：on a bike5. There were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one.(1)辨析：too many/too much/much tootoo many 太多，修饰可数名词复数，too many books, too many fanstoo much 太多，修饰不可数名词，too much time, too much money, too much homeworkmuch too 太，修饰形容词，much too busy, much too noisy(2)On the bus 在公交上get on/off the bus 上/下公交车(3)It takes +时间段+to do sth. =sb. spend +时间段+doing sth. 花费时间做某事如：她花了一天的时间读完了这本有趣的故事书。
(4)Wait for sth./sb.等某人、某物如：快点，Bobby正在大门口等你。
等不及/迫不及待做某事：can not/hardly wait我迫不及待的想参加这个活动: .(5)One替代可数名词单数。
6.When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.= A= There 这些年，镇子已经发生了很大的变化。
8.There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River. Once曾经=9. Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.(1) Realize the problem意识到这个问题Realize: Vt. 意识到意识到环境保护的重要性意识到我错了知道现在我才意识到保护环境的重要性Vt. 实现realize my dream 实现梦想(2) Take action 采取行动action 是不可数名词，前面不加冠词我们必须尽早采取行动.(3)Improve the situation 改善情况改善生活10. In some ways it is. 嗯，在某些方面是这样的。
In some ways 在某些方面，在某种程度上例句：就某事而言，这是个不错的主意。
在某些方面，火星上的生活未必会好于地球上的生活。
11.It’ll really nice to have a beautiful modern town.It’s been impossible for us to see each other as often as possible.这两个结构都采用It’s +形容词+（for sb.）to do sth.的结构。
注意与It’s +形容词+of sb. to do sth.区别。
四.词义辨析：1. lonely和alone(1)lonely 为形容词，修饰人表示“孤独的；寂寞的”；修饰地方表示“无人烟的，荒凉的”。
过着孤单的生活一位孤独的老人感到孤独一座荒岛(2)alone 作形容词，意为“单独的，独自的；独一无二的”，只作表语。
他独自在家里。
I am not alone in thinking so.(3)alone 还可作副词，意为“单独地，独自地”。
他独自回家了。
2.happen和take placehappen与take place两者都作“发生”讲，都不能用于被动语态，但它们之间也有差别。