(完整word版)高中非谓语动词讲解及练习
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
英语语法——非谓语动词
在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个:一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词;二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。
例题一.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.
A) To get B) To have got
C) Getting D) Have got
一般来说,在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此,首先可以确定这是一个简单句,非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系,以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生,没有明显的先后顺序,可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”,故正确答案为C。
例题二____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.
A) Heard B) Having heard
C) Hear D) To hear
依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系,以及前后句的逻辑关系,可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语,再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前,由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用),意为“听说Bob已得到提升,他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”,故正确答案为B。
非谓
非谓语语法功能的比较
注意:the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥
非谓语动词高考考点
【考点一】不定式作状语
不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句,不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。
1.不定式用来作目的状语:作目的状语时,不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语,这里往往译作“为了,想要”。
To be a winner,you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家,你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
2.不定式用于so...as to ...,such...as to;enough to;too...to;only to等结构中作结果状语。
(1)Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?
你能不能行行好,借给我你的自行车?
(2)He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others.他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。
(3)He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙去了售票处,结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。
注意:“only+to do”表示出乎意料的结果,tell 和主语He 之间存在动宾关系,因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。(4)His parents died,leaving him an orphan.
他的父母去世了,使他成为孤儿。
【经典考题】
1. There were many talented actors out there just waiting________. A.to discover B.to be discovered
C.discovered D.being discovered
2.—Why are the students working so hard these days.
—________ready for the coming entrance examination.
A.To get B.Get
C.Getting D.Got
3.With Father’s Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.
A.buy B.to buy
C.buying D.to have bought
【考点二】过去分词作状语
1.过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。
(1)Given the right kind of training,these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果得到正确的训练,这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。
(2)Reminded not to miss the flight at 15∶20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
得到提醒不要错过15∶20的航班,他匆忙出发过了机场。
2.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,这样的词有:lost(迷路的),seated(坐),hidden(躲),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(感到厌倦)等,不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。
Lost in the mountains for a week,we were finally saved by the local police.在大山里迷失一个星期,我们最终被当地警察所救。
Absorbed in his book,he didn’t notice me enter the room.
专心读书,他没注意到我进入房间。
【经典考题】
1. ________from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A.Seen B.Seeing
C.Having seen D.To see
2.Michael’s new house is like a huge palace,________with his old one. A.comparing B.compares
C.to compare D.compared
【考点三】现在分词作状语
1.动词的ing 短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
(1)Being ill,he couldn’t go to school.
因为生病,他不能去上学。(原因)
(2)My car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.
我的车被交通拥挤堵住,所以延误了。(结果)